ZIB

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Sodium compounds as catalysts for methanol dehydrogenation to water-free formaldehydePaper presented at the “DECHEMA-Fachausschuß-Sitzung Technische Reaktionen” February 27 to March 1, 1989. (1990)

Meyer, Andreas ; Renken, Albert

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 145-149

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ISSN: 0930-7516

Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Notes: Formaldehyde is produced industrially from methanol by partial oxidation of oxidative dehydrogenation. In these processes, water is formed as a by-product. Anhydrous formaldehyde is required for many syntheses and, therefore, its production is of potential interest. In the present study, catalysts based on alkali compounds were found to be active in the dehydrogenation of methanol if absence of oxygen. Sodium carbonate doped with indium shows a selective of up to 75% for methanol conversion not exceeding 60%.

Additional Material: 10 Ill.

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130120

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Characterization of Cu and K containing Fe/Mn oxide catalysts for fischer-tropsch synthesisDedicated to Professor Dr. Hansjörg Sinn on the occasion of his 60th birthday (1990)

Grzybek, Teresa ; Klinik, Jerzy ; Papp, Helmut ; [et al.]

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 156-161

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ISSN: 0930-7516

Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Notes: Copper and potassium containing Fe/Mn oxide catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis were investigated by X-ray microprobe technique, scanning electron microscopy, low-temperature argon sorption and carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide chemisorption at -80°C. The specific surface areas of the catalysts depend on the preparation method, e.g. addition of K or Cu by coprecipitation leads to an increase while impregnation results in a decrease in surface area. The resulting samples are inhomogeneous, as shown by all method. Mn and especially K accumulated on the surface of the catalysts. Addition of Cu and K considerably altered the selectivity and activity of the Fe/Mn oxide catalyst. High potassium contents produced high olefin to paraffin ratios but these catalysts became rapidly deactivated. Copper and a very small addition of potassium led to a very low olefin to paraffin ratio but showed a high and constant activity.

Additional Material: 4 Ill.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130122

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Determination of flooding gas velocity and liquid hold-up at flooding in packed columns for gas/liquid systemsPresented in part at the “GVC-Jahrenstreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure”, Strasbourg (France), September 17 to 19, 1986. (1990)

Maćkowiak, Jerzy

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 184-196

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ISSN: 0930-7516

Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Notes: A new model of suspended bed of droplets for describing the vaour or gas the vapour or gas velocity at the flooding point in packed of columns for rectification and absorption under vacuum and normal pressure is presented metallic, ceramic and plastic packings with diameters of 8-90 mm as well on sheet metal and gauze packings, in a wide range of liquid and vapour loads. Approximately 650 literature measurements and own data were evaluated. The mean relative error in determining the gas velocity at flooding point is less than ±5%. On the basis of the double layer model, a new equation was derived for the hold-up at flooding point, which is needed for the calculation of the flooding gas velocity. An example of calculations for sample applications is also included.

Additional Material: 6 Ill.

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130125

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Batch cooling crystallization at constant supersaturation: Technique and experimental results (1990)

Gutwald, Thomas ; Mersmann, Alfons

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 229-237

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ISSN: 0930-7516

Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Notes: A new laboratory plant for batch cooling crystallization is described, which allows to maintain the supersaturation at a constant level during an experimental run. A method for continuous supersaturation measurements has been developed, using a density meter and a hydrocyclone. Experimental results obtained from a seeded solution in constant supersaturation cooling mode and at constant cooling rate are compared. In the case of a constant cooling rate, the supersaturation passes through a sharp maximum, whereby effective nucleation is enhanced. As a consequence, a smaller median crystal size is obtained than for cooling at constant supersaturation. Equation for controlled cooling at a constant supersaturation require an accurate description of the effective rate of nucleation. Therefore, the mechanical stress, to which the crystals are subjected, must be included as the main source of new nuclei. This is shown by the influence of stirrer on batch time.

Additional Material: 9 Ill.

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130131

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Thermal decomposition of 2, 3-dimethyl butane: Experiments and mechanistic modelling (1990)

Stabel, Uwe ; Hönig, Ulrich F. ; Nowak, Ulrich ; [et al.]

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 241-251

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ISSN: 0930-7516

Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Notes: Pyrolysis of 2,3-dimethyl butane (DMB) was carried out in a quartz flow reactor in the temperature range from 740 to 1032 K at normal pressure. The input concentration of DMB was 3.3 × 10-3 mol/1 using argon as diluent. Reaction time ranged between 3.1 and 3.9 s. The following products were analyzed by two-column gas chromatography: hydrogen, methane, ethene, propane, propene, butenes, butadiene, 2-methyl-2-butene, isoprene, benzene and toluene. Compared to thermal decomposition of n-hexane under similar experimental conditions, the main difference concerned the formation of ethylene, ethane and branched alkanes. A reaction model, based on elementary reactions, was developed to predict the experimental results and to verify our data basis of elementary reactions under different conditions. The model gives a quantitative description of the complex chemistry of the process. In addition, an algorithm is presented for model reduction.

Additional Material: 6 Ill.

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130133

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New and overlooked relationships for turbulent flow in channelsPaper base on a poster at the “Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-In-genieure”, Berlin, September 27 to 29, 1989. (1990)

Churchill, Stuard W.

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 264-272

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ISSN: 0930-7516

Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Notes: This paper describes general, asymptotic and speculative relationships which can be deduced directly from the time-averaged form of the basic, partial-differential model for the conservation of mass and momentum in fully developed turbulent flow of constant-property fluids through round and parallel-plate channels. Such relationship are shown to provide insight as well as useful forms for correlation. Several analogies for flow in round tubes and between parallel plates which have generally been overlooked are reexamined and extended. A generally overlooked anomaly which occurs for flow in concentric, circular annuli, for flow between plates of non-identical roughness, and for the combination of forced and wall-Ind.uced flow between parallel plates is also is noted. The data needed to test the above analogies and to quantify the deviations, if any identified, as well as those needed to generalize the anomalous behavior.

Additional Material: 1 Ill.

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130136

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Evaluation of standard thermodynamic parameters for the sorption of n-hexane and methanol in zeolites (1990)

Pal, Tapan Kumar ; Majumder, Asitava ; Raha, Tarun Kumar ; [et al.]

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 298-303

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ISSN: 0930-7516

Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Notes: Adsorption isotherms for n-hexane and methanol in mordenite and ZSM5 in the temperature range from 323 K to 473 K were found to be of type 1. The adsorbate-adsorbent interaction (C1) and adsorbate-adsorbate interaction (C2) wee computed according to Bradley and Wilkins model, whereas the Rees and Williams model predicts the adsorption characteristics. Finally, the thermodynamic parameters such as ΔGo, ΔSo, ΔHo, K, K+ have been evaluated for the sorption of n-hexane in mordenite and ZSM5.

Additional Material: 13 Ill.

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130140

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Heavy metal recovery by extraction and permeation in incineration preocessesPaper presented by H.-J. Bart at the “Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-In-genieure”, Berlin, September 27 to 29, 1989 (1990)

Bart, Hans-Jörg ; Marr, Rolf ; Draxler, Josef ; [et al.]

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 313-318

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ISSN: 0930-7516

Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Notes: Incineration processes are critical for the environment. SO2 and NOX removal with processes is nowadays commonplace. Up to now, heavy metal were recovered via precipitation. The alternative use of liquid ion exchange techniques offers an easy re-use of the heavy metals, which are obtained as concentrates. A separation process is described, starting from laboratory experiments and ending with pilot plant field tests. A cost comparison for extraction, permeation and precipitation gives the scope of the necessary expenses for such environmentally controlled processes.

Additional Material: 13 Ill.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130142

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Adsorption and catalytic reactions of NO and NH3 on activated carbonPaper presented by E. Richter at the “Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-In-genieure”, Berlin September 27 to 29, 1989 (1990)

Richter, Ekkehard ; Schmidt, Hans-Jürgen ; Schecker, Hans-Georg

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 332-340

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ISSN: 0930-7516

Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Notes: In industrial processes, the reduction of nitrogen oxides by ammonia on activated carbons is carried out at temperatures between 90 and 190 °C. Adsorption of NO and NH3 on the catalyst was investigated separately. Reactions models for NO-reduction by carbon and ammonia were derived from experiments carried out in an integral reactor. In each case, the formation of an adsorbed (NO2)-complex is an important step. The kinetics of both reactions was described by modified Langmuir-Hinshelwood equations.

Additional Material: 20 Ill.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130146

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Computation of plate columns for NOx absorption by a new stage-to-stage method (1990)

Wiegand, Karl Wilhelm ; Scheibler, Erich ; Thiemann, Michael

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 289-297

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ISSN: 0930-7516

Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Notes: A new stage-to-stage method has been developed for the calculation of NXx absorption columns. Each stage of the absorption column is simulated as a combination of a bubble column reactor (absorption) and an adiabatic plug for reactor (oxidation). The bubble column reactor is modelled as two single stirred tank reactors, one as a gas-phase and one as a liquid-phase reactor, both coupled by mass and heat transfer. In this hydrodynamic model, a dynamic approach is adopted, in which the gas-phase transport of N2O4 is the limiting step for the absorption. A gas-phasepseudo-enhancement for factor for N2O4 is therefore introduced. The balance equations for a single phase of the bubble column are solved with a Newton-Raphson algorithm. The entire column calculation is divided into a gas and a liquid side. On both sides, the stage-to-stage method is applied in such way that the overall calculation is performed as a loop process. The direction of the loop calculation follows that of the flow: gas-side upwards and liquid-side downwards.

Additional Material: 5 Ill.

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130139

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A reaction model for the electrochemical synthesis of adipontrile (1990)

Scott, Keith ; Hayati, B. ; Haines, Alistair N. ; [et al.]

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 376-383

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ISSN: 0930-7516

Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Notes: A theoretical and experimental study of the electrohydrodimerization process to produce adiponitrile is used to determine an appropriate reaction model. From numerical simulations of five proposed reaction schemes and subsequent comparison with experimental data, the most favoured route is via an anion, intermediate of acrylonitrile. This route, a five step reaction involving electrochemical and chemical reaction in a diffusion/reaction layer, gives good predictions of product distributions over a wide range of current densities and acrylonitrile concentrations of product distributions over a wide range of current densities and acrylonitrile concentrations.

Additional Material: 12 Ill.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130151

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Some strategies for the kinetic study of complex heterogeneous catalytic reactions (1990)

Xu, Jianguo ; Hoffmann, Ulrich

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 397-402

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ISSN: 0930-7516

Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Notes: This paper presents a method of transforming the non-liner regression problem in the kinetic study of complex heterogeneous catalytic reactions into a linear regression problem. Application of this method reduced the number of parameters to be estimated by n-1, where n is the number of independent reactions. In addition, a stepwise model discrimination strategy in introduced to reduce the number of equation sets ad equations in the set undergoing parameter estimation. These two new approaches are very advantageous in reducing the computation effort, especially when the number of independent reactions is large. The linear regression method and the stepwise model discrimination strategy are successfully applied in the kinetic study of the methanol synthesis system in which the formation rates of methanol, methane, ethanol and ethane are considered.

Additional Material: 4 Tab.

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130154

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Modern carbon fibres from polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-polyheteroaromatics with preferred orientationDedicated to Professor Hansjörg Sinn on the occasion of his 60th birthday (1990)

Fitzer, Erich ; Frohs, Wilhelm

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 41-49

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ISSN: 0930-7516

Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Notes: This contribution presents the mechanical data of high performance carbon fibres currently available on the market, based on experimental studies on stabilization and pyrolysis of PAN (SAF) from Courtaulds. The effects of stabilization and carbonization temperatures on the properties as well as on the ultra- and crystalline structures of the fibres are shown in more detail.

Additional Material: 22 Ill.

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130107

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Residence time distribution and hold-up in a cocurrent upflow packed bed reactor at elevated pressureDedicated to Professor Ewald Wicke on the occasion of his 75th birthday (1990)

van Gelder, Klaas B. ; Westerterp, K. Roel

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 27-40

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ISSN: 0930-7516

Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Notes: The residence time distribution in liquid phase was measured in a cocurrent upflow packed bed reactor for the system methanol-hydrogen at low Reynolds numbers and at elevated pressure. The plug flow with axial dispersion model was used to describe mixing in the system. The imperfect pulse method was used to measure the system response to a tracer pulse input. The parameters were calculated using the weighted moments method. The influence of the weighting factor was investigated. The experimental and theoretical outputs, as calculated by convolution, agreed very well. Different types of correlations were used for the Bodenstein number and liquid hold-up. From these correlations, the optimal one was selected for each parameter. A comparison was made between the ordinary moments and the weighted moments methods which led to the conclusion that the latter method is superior with respect to the accuracy of the estimated parameters and therefore strongly recommended.

Additional Material: 11 Ill.

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130106

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Modelling of a fluidized bed bioreactor for immobilized enzymes (Part 1)Paper presented by T. Kiesser at the “Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure”, Hannover, September 21 to 23, 1988. (1990)

Kiesser, Torsten ; Oertzen, Gustav A. ; Bauer, Werner

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 20-26

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ISSN: 0930-7516

Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Notes: In the first part of this paper, a mathematical model is presented for a liquid fluidized bed bioreactor using immobilized enzymes with reversible Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The model is based on the axial dispersion model for the bulk liquid phase. Inter- and intraparticle mass transfer as well as enzyme catalyzed reaction inside the porous beads are considered. The overall efficiency of the biocatalysts is calculated by a numerical routine. For the calculation of the concentration profile inside the reactor, a semi-analytical solution is derived which takes into account the height dependence of the effectiveness factor.

Additional Material: 2 Ill.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130105

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Influence of feed solids concentration on the performance of hydrocyclonesPaper presented by Th. Braun at the “Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure”, Hannover, September 21 to 23, 1988. (1990)

Braun, Thomas ; Bohnet, Matthias

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 15-20

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ISSN: 0930-7516

Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Notes: Even though the influence of solids concentration in the feed on the separation efficiency of hydrocyclones has long been recognized, a systematic research on the change in pressure drop across the hydrocyclone and the latter's separation characteristics has thus far been lacking. If all other operating parameters are kept constant, an increase in feed concentration generally leads to a coarser cut size, reduced sharpness of separation and a rise in pressure drop. Apart from the particles hindering one another's radial motion, the limited capacity of the apex valve and the changes in the flow field within the hydrocyclone cause additional particles to be entrained by the overflow. The flow ratio thus becomes an additional parameter in determining the cyclone efficiency. A theoretical model, which takes these effects into account, has been developed and successfully tested against experimental data.

Additional Material: 12 Ill.

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130104

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Effect of nuclei storage and growth rate dispersion on the transient behaviour of continuous crystallizers (1990)

Heffels, Stefan K. ; de Jong, Esso J.

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 63-71

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ISSN: 0930-7516

Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Notes: Bench scale experiments and computer simulations of transient crystal size distributions obtained in a 1.4 m3 sucrose crystallizer, which prove the existence of nuclei stock, are presented. This stock represents a large number of non-growing nuclei, which can be activated at increased supersaturations. The nuclei stock attenuates the dynamic behaviour of crystallization process.

Additional Material: 8 Ill.

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130109

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On supersaturation during mass crystallization from solutionPaper presented by M. Kind at the “Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure”, Hannover, September 21 to 23, 1988. (1990)

Kind, Matthias ; Mersmann, Alfons

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 50-62

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ISSN: 0930-7516

Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Notes: Supersaturation is the driving force for crystallization from solution. For design and operation of crystallization processes, it is necessary to apply a set of criteria for the determination of appropriate or even optimum supersaturation. In this paper we present and discuss the results of our experimental and theoretical investigations on supersaturation during crystallization from solution. While the determination of the metastable zone width of the solution is frequently applied as a fast check on solution behaviour, we demonstrate that the determination of the induction period of the supersaturated solution is a useful aid in ascertaining the maximum allowable supersaturation. Theoretical considerations and experiments confirm that the induction period dependssoley on growth kinetics if secondary nucleation is the predominant mechanism. In order to avoid uncontrollable spontaneous value of between 70 and 130 μm during crystallization. Since growth kinetics turns out to be the only important system property for the determination of maximum possible supersaturation, we conclude the paper with some arguments concerning a closed representation of growth kinetics.

Additional Material: 15 Ill.

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130108

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Biological treatment of effluents from a coal tar refinery using immobilized biomassPaper presented by P. Hüppe at the “Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure”, Hannover, September 21 to 23, 1988. (1990)

Hüppe, Paul ; Hempel, Dietmar Christan ; Höke, Hartmut

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 73-79

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ISSN: 0930-7516

Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

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Notes: An airlift-loop reactor with a fluidized bed was used for the microbiological removal of a complex mixture of aromatic substances originating from coal tar process waters. A specially adapted mixed microbial culture derived from several soil and sludge samples was immobilized on fluidized sand particles and retained in a reactor at high biomas concentrations of 3 to 16 g dry matter per liter, depending on the COD-load. In a two-stage pilot plant, those aromatic substances which passed through the first stage either unaltered or only partially oxidized were effectively eliminated by the immobilized biomass in the second stage. Whereas most of the waste water components such as phenols and quinoline were already degraded by a conventional activated sludge system in the first stage, the majority of nitrogen-containing aromatic bases could be sufficiently eliminated with specially adapted micro-organisms in the second stage. Although the COD-feed load was increased to 12 and 15 kg m-3 d-1 in the first and second stages, respectively, it was removed to the extent of 87% on the average with an overall residence time varying between 11.5 and 29 h.

Additional Material: 9 Ill.

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130110

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Foam breaking by high speed rotors (1990)

Furchner, Bodo ; Mersmann, Alfons

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 86-96

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ISSN: 0930-7516

Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Notes: The first part of this paper presents a relationship for the minimum velocity of rotating installations for foam breaking. The derivation is based on equilibrium of inertia and surface forces. Inertia forces occur during the acceleration of foam bubbles and act mainly at the plateau borders. High and definite acceleration can be obtained with a deformer composed of a rotor and a stator. The surface force is due to the dynamic surface tension because surface-active solutions react to a rapid change in surface area by altering their surface tension. The theoretical relationship is compared with experimental results of minimum velocities needed to break foams produced from aqueous solutions of detergents. The equation presented here explains why measured minimum velocities often range between 10 and 20 m/s. The second part of the paper deals with condensation of continuously generated foam in a closed system. In the process of condensation, foam is not completely separated into liquid and gas phase but turns into foam with small bubbles and high density. The collapse of this condensed foam must be considered for the control of persistent foams in a closed system. The collapse of foams made of aqueous solutions of different surface-active agents has been investigated. Different highly surface-active agents show small variations in times of coalescence. A relationship for the lifetime is given, which is based on laminar flow along plateau borders. Recommendations are made with respect to the geometry of the foam breaker, scale-up and operating variables such as rotational speed of the foam breaker and gas flow rate.

Additional Material: 15 Ill.

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130112

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Mixing in continuous DTB and FC crystallizers (1990)

Gupta, Bhaskar Sen ; Dutta, Tapas K.

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 349-356

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ISSN: 0930-7516

Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Notes: Owing to imperfect mixing, the theoretical prediction of CSD for an MSMPR crystallizer deviates from the experimental results. In the present work, different modelling approaches were adopted to account for incomplete mixing in DTB and FC crystallizers. For DTB crystallizers, compartmental model, based on an earlier work of Nyvlt et al. has been proposed. For FC crystallizers, a mixed model comprising perfectly mixed and plug flow regimes has been put forward. This is based on the tracer response studies reported by de Jong. Predicted results were compared with experimental data of Bennett and van Buren for continuous urea crystallizers.

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130148

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Selection and design of aerobic bioreactorsModified version of a paper presented by A. Mersmann at the “Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure”, Berlin, September 27 to 29, 1989.Dedicated to Professor Kurt Dialer on the occasion of his 70th birthday (1990)

Mersmann, Alfons ; Schneider, Georg ; Voit, Harald ; [et al.]

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 357-370

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ISSN: 0930-7516

Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Notes: Compared to chemical reactors, there are additional requirements to be considered when selecting and designing a bioreactor. The cultivated organisms and most of the desired products are to a greater or lesser extent sensitive to temperature, pH and Shear stress. Furthermore, sterilization often plays an important role in maintaining a monoseptic process. Many design procedures for chemical reactors can be applied but requirements which are relevant to the biological system are sometimes decisive. Consequently, it is useful to first consider the essential features of the organisms with respect to the selection and design of bioreactors. Attention must be paid to the fermentation medium because its flow behaviour can range from slightly viscous and Newtonian to highly viscous, non-Newtonian. Many papers deal with low viscosity fermentation broths [1-5]. However, little is known about the design of bioreactors for highly viscous non-Newtonian liquids. Fundamentals for the design of bioreactors are presented. It has been attempted to apply theoretical equations suitable for both, low viscosity Newtonian and high viscosity non-Newtonian fermentation broths. Apart from the calculation procedure for the OTR-values, the difference between global and local values within bioreactor is demonstrated by means of velocity and shear stress profiles. Special requirements for bioreactors such as prevention of excessive foaming, shear sensitivity of micro-organisms and cell-lines and effective sterilization are also discussed.

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130149

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Monte carlo simulation of transient CSD in a continuous crystallizer (1990)

Gupta, Bhaskar Sen ; Dutta, Tapas Kumar

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 392-397

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Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

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Notes: A Monte Carlo simulation scheme is proposed for transient crystal size distribution in a continuous crystallizer. The suggested scheme can taken into account dispersion effects of growth rate, shape factor and birth size on crystal size distribution. This method is simple and more versatile than solution of the number balance equation or the finite-state Markov chain model. The proposed algorithm of the process has a very simple structure and can be easily implemented on a personal computer. The present contribution is extension of an earlier work of Sen Gupta and Dutta.

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130153

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Fluid dynamics of pulsed sieve plate extraction columnsPaper presented by M. Lorenz at the “Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-In-genieure”, Berlin, September 27 to 29, 1989. (1990)

Lorenz, Markus ; Haverland, Hartmut ; Vogelphol, Alfons

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 411-422

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Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

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Notes: The presented contribution reports on comprehensive hydrodynamic investigations in two pulsed sieve-plate extraction columns (PSE) on a pilot scale. The experiments were conducted with three different sieve plate geometries employing test systems recommended by EFCE, under varying pulsation conditions and throughputs. The results of the investigation add to the existing knowledge of relationships between hydrodynamic parameters, drop size, hold-up, flooding throughput and mixing and operating parameters. They also provide useful information for scale up, selection of sieve-plate geometry, most favorable operating range, and constructive design of equipment. On the basis of measurements, analytical methods are recommended for prediction of PSE hydrodynamics.

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130156

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The implications of carboxylic acid propertiesDedicated to Professor, Dr. rer. nat. Wolfgang Hilger on the occasion of his 60th birthday (1990)

Andereya, Erwin ; Chase, J. David

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 304-312

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Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

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Notes: Some properties of carboxylic acids are reviewed, with emphasis on recent experimental data, Qualified, consistent latent heat of vaporization data were developed for the series and a two-population viewpoint is suggested. The equation of state formulated by Grenzheuser [1] is also recommended as a practical tool, and its further development is urged.

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130141

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The linear relationship between stoichiometry and dimensional analysis (1990)

Pethö, Árpád

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 328-332

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Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

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Notes: The linear algebraic character of the formal representation of chemical species and their reactions is compared with the procedure of searching for dimensionless numbers in a set of physical quantities. A straightforward algorithm is presented to find a finite set of solutions to the relevant system of “balance equations”, the so-called minimal (or simple) solutions. At the third stage of the hierarchy thus established, “mechanisms” among reactions as well as “representations” among dimensionless group can also be defined.

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130145

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A fluid-dynamically based model of bubble column reactorsPaper presented by H.-E. Gasche at the “Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure”, Berlin, September 27 to 29, 1989. (1990)

Gasche, Hans-Erich ; Edinger, Christine ; Kömpel, Harald ; [et al.]

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 341-349

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Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

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Notes: A heterogeneous fluid dynamic model has been developed to describe the complex flow structure of two-phase in bubble columns. The equation of continuity and momentum balances form the basis of the model. Coupling of the two phases occurs via an interaction force, deduced by a force balance around a single rising bubble. Multiphase flow mixing processes are taken into consideration by introducing turbulent viscosities of the two phases involved. The Simulation program was extended to reactive system, taking into account the mass balances of a second order gas-liquid chemical reaction as well as the different absorption/reaction regimes. The gas phase concentration profiles show pronounced axial and radial dependences, while the liquid phase can be regarded as a CSTR with respect to the liquid component. With reference to the gaseous component, which is being absorbed in the liquid phase, the degree of back mixing does not show CSTR behaviour as the influence of different absorption conditions in different axial and radial reactor positions is superposed on that of turbulent motion of the liquid carrier of the dissolved gaseous component.

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130147

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Masthead (1990)

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990)

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Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130101

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Study on dynamic behaviour of thermally coupled distillation processes (1990)

Xien, Xu ; Chunyan, Wang

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 119-125

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Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

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Notes: A dynamic mathematical model has been developed which is suitable for thermally coupled distillation processes. An algorithm known as the equation-decoupled method was used for simulation. EPISODE software and LU decomposition method were adopted to solve the ordinary differential and algebraic equations of the model, respectively. The initial conditions, viz. a solution for the steady state of the process in dynamics simulation were obtained by means of modified Naphtali-Sandholm algorithm. Research on the dynamic behaviour of thermally coupled distillation processes was carried out on two examples. It was found, via the dynamic simulation, that a disturbance in the distribution of vapour coupled stream has a large effect on the composition of vapour side withdrawal and, similarly, for liquid coupled stream, on that of liquid side withdrawal when the fraction of side withdrawal is fixed, and a smaller effect when the quantity of side withdrawal is fixed.

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130116

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Growth rate dispersion in a continuous sucrose crystallizer and its effect on CSD (1990)

Gupta, Bhaskar Sen ; Dutta, Tapas K.

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 196-202

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Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

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Notes: A Random Crystal Growth (RCG)model is proposed to predict CSD in a continuous MSMPR crystallizer when the crystals exhibit growth rate dispersion. RCG model links two well-known models of growth rate dispersion, namely the Random Fluctuation (RF) and Constant Crystal Growth (CCG) Models. Monte Carlo simulation has been employed to solve the model equations. Predicted results are compared with experimental CSD data on sucrose reported by Bennett.

Additional Material: 3 Tab.

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130126

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Simple new formulae for efficiency and mean temperature difference in heat echangersPaper based on a poster presentation at the “Jahrestreffen der Ver-fahrens-Ingenieure”, Berlin, Sept. 26 to 29, 1989 (1990)

Martin, Holger

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 237-241

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Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

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Notes: The well-known formulae for efficiency and mean temperature difference of a heat exchanger as functions of its numbers of transfer units, or dimensionless lengths, can be written in a more compact form by introducing the auxiliary function ϕ(x) = x/(1 - e-x). The resulting new formulae show a number of advantages: They are shorter, easier to memorize, and in many cases the limiting values can be seen more directly. They may therefore contribute to easier and faster heat exchanger design, and to reduced probability of errors in the relevant calculations.

Additional Material: 3 Ill.

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130132

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Deasphaltization and demetalling of heavy crude oils and distillation residues with CO2 (1990)

Eckermann, Burkhard ; Vogelpohl, Alfons

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 258-264

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Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

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Notes: Deasphaltization of heavy crude oils and distillation residues may reduce the metal content of these oils to such an extend that the upgrading of deasphaltized oil in a catalytic process becomes economically feasible. Experimental results of deasphaltization of Boscan crude from Venezuela, using subcritical and supercritical carbon dioxide as deasphaltizing agent, are presented. Deasphaltization and demetalling with CO2 in the supercritical state is more effective. Under favorable conditions, the deasphaltized oil contains practically no asphaltenes and the metal content is reduced by 690 wt-%. The influence of n-heptane or n-pentane addition to the crude, which lowers viscosity and promotes flocculation, is also discussed. Furthermore, a multistage deasphaltization process is more efficient than a single stage process.

Additional Material: 14 Ill.

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130135

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Sensitivity analysis of catalytic conversion of n-C6 (1990)

Wolff, Andrzej

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 277-288

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Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

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Notes: The present paper is a case study of an application of sensitivity analysis in chemical kinetics. Emphasis is laid upon chemical interpretation of sensitivity information and on identification of the most important model important model parameters. The kinetic model for reforming of C6 hydrocarbons proposed by Mobil [14] is extended to the analysis of the behavior of n-hexane conversion in an adiabatic reactor. The importance of six initial conditions (feed composition and initial temperature) is analyzed by the computation of normalized first order sensitivity gradients (y1o/y) (δyi/δy1o). The relative importance of 21 model parameters αj is estimated by the computation of normalized sensitivity gradients of the type (αj/yi) (δyi/δαj). The influence of the decisive model parameters ΔH6o and ΔH3o (activation enthalpies of benzene hydrogenation and methyl cyclopentane isomerization, respectively) as well as operating parameters is presented. The problem of uncertainly in the value of ΔH6o and its influence on the model solution is also sown. Finally, some advantages of the application of normalized gradients of the explanation of process behavior are discussed.

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130138

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Modeling and simulation of reactions involving bifunctional catalysts (1990)

Schäfer, Harald A. ; Hoefer, Eberhard P.

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 319-322

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Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

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Notes: A mathematical model based on experimental results is set up for a typical model reaction of hydrocarbon reforming, namely the dehydroisomerization of methyl cyclopentane. Computer simulations shows that the existing theory about the reaction path of hydrocracking reactions involving bifunctional catalysts may be only partly valid.

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130143

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Inertial deposition on front and rear sides of ribbons at intermediate and high reynolds numbers (1990)

Dau, Günter

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 322-327

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Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

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Notes: Deposition of particles from gas flows on ribbons in normally expected on the front side. Collision efficiencies of ribbons are presented for this case, obtained by means of single particle trajectory computation, which is based on numerically determined flow fields in the Reynolds number range between 2 and 50 and on the potential flow model. Further, it is shown, that deposition of particles on the rear side can be caused by eddylike motion of the fluid in the wake of the ribbon. For this to occur, two conditions must be fulfilled: the free shear layer between the wake and the outer flow must be turbulent to cause lateral transfer of particles into the wake and the Stokes number may not exceed 0.5.

Additional Material: 6 Ill.

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130144

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Anodic dehalogenation of 1,2-dichloroethane in aqueous electrolytesDedicated to Professor Dr. Karl-Hans Simmrock on the occasion of his 60th birthday (1990)

Beck, Fritz ; Schulz, Harry ; Wermeckes, Bernd

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 371-375

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Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

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Notes: A solution of 0.1 M 1,2-dichloroethane in 1 M H2SO4 was anodically converted to CO2, Cl2 and HCIO4 as the main products at smooth platinum. The current efficiency for CO2 exceeds 60% at low current densities, while HClO4 is obtained with about 20% current efficiency. Chlorinated products such as 1,2′,2-trichloroethane are formed in negligible amounts. Platinum plays a distinctive role as anode material and shows a reaction limited anodic prewave. Our experimental findings lead to a mechanism, whereby DCE is initially hydroxylated to form chloroacetaldehyde chlorohydrin which releases HCl and becomes rapidly further oxidized to monochloroacetic acid. The cleavage of the C—C bond proceeds via its anodic decarboxylation. Possible practical applications in the field of anodic water purification and in the direct electrosynthesis of vinyl chloride are discussed.

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130150

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Collection of fine adhesive and cohesive dusts with pluse-jet fabric filersPaper presented by E. Schmidt at the “Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure”, Berlin, September 27 to 29, 1989. (1990)

Schmidt, Eberhard ; Löffler, Friedrich

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 402-410

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Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

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Notes: The collection of reactive and therefore extremely adhesive and cohesive fine particles (〈 1 μm) by means of bag filters with pulse-jet cleaning may present problems. The electron-beam dry scrubbing (EBDS) process, used to remove SO2 and Nox in a power plant of the Badenwerk AG, Karlsruhe, serves as an example. To solve the occurring problems and achieve a satisfactory filter performance, extensive know-how of process engineering is necessary. This contribution deal with the following aspects: construction of the cleaning system, selection of filter medium, precoating, and dosage of an auxiliary dust during filtration.

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130155

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Measurement of transient deformations by double-pulsed holographyPaper presented by M. Hajduk at the “Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure”, Hannover, September 21 to 23, 1988. (1990)

Hajduk, Martin ; Mewes, Dieter

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 1-8

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Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

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Notes: Holographic interferometry is used for the determination of surface deformation of items of equipment. The material failure which caused the surface deformation can then be identified. Because a double-pulsed laser is used to plot the hologram, non-vibration stabilized holographic equipment is necessary. Thus, non-destructive testing of equipment components is also possible during plant operation. In this report, we present the experimental results of non-destructive testing of composite materials. We examined centrifugally cast pipes and filament wound pipes, which were made from glass fibre reinforced plastic and carbon fibre reinforced graphite. As a rule, the severity of failure is characterized by the apparent perturbation of its holographically stored fringe pattern. In this report, we present the experimental results which yield the relationship between the perturbation of interference fringes and the extent of the specific types of failure. Measurement results were compared with displacements calculated by the finite element method. By using the interferogram, and with the knowledge of tension stress beneath the surface, the size of the crack can be estimated. The size of the smallest detectable flaw was clearly smaller than the critical flaw size. Thus, holographic interferometry is suitable for detecting damage to cylindrical containers.

Additional Material: 15 Ill.

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130102

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Breakthrough behaviour of a binary gas mixture with azeotropic adsorption equilibriumPaper presented by C. Persichini at the “Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure”, Hannover, September 21 to 23, 1988. (1990)

Persichini, Carlo ; Mersmann, Alfons

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 8-14

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Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

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Notes: This contribution reports on the breakthrough behaviour of binary gas mixtures with ideal and non-ideal multicomponent adsorption equilibria. Investigations were carried out on mixtures CO2/C2H4 and C2H4/C2H6, both adsorbed on molecular sieve 5A (ms5A). The adsorption equilibrium of the system CO2/C2H4/ms5A may exhibit azeotropic behaviour, which subsides with decreasing active pressure (= sum of partial pressures of adsorbable components) or on raising the temperature. In contrast, the system C2H4/C2H6/ms5A maintains its ideal behaviour also at higher active pressures or lower temperatures. Attempts to calculate the non-ideal adsorption equilibrium from measured single component isotherms have failed when known models were applied. The investigation of the effect of azeotropic equilibrium on the fixed bed adsorption led to intersecting breakthrough curves of the two components. This behaviour is due to a displacement of equilibrium caused by the change in the active pressure and partial pressures, and a superposed temperature effect. This can be shown by calculating the breakthrough curves with the equilibrium model.

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130103

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Modelling of a fluidized bed bioreactor for immobilized enzymes (Part 2)Paper presented by T. Kiesser at the “Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure”, Hannover, September 21 to 23, 1988. (1990)

Kiesser, Torsten ; Oerstzen, Gustav A. ; Bauer, Werner

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 80-85

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Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

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Notes: In the first part of this contribution, a mathematical model was presented for a liquid fluidized bed using immobilized enzymes, with reversible Michaelis-Menten kinetics. This part is focused on the experimental results. The reaction kinetics of native and immobilized enzymes was determined in continuous stirred tank reactors under comparable conditions. The influence of external mass transfer was investigated in a fixed bed reactor column. The extend of pore diffusional resistance was examined in a continuous stirred tank reactor and with a numerical simulation. Hydrodynamics was measured in different reactor columns (diameter dt = 0.052 - 0.225 m; length L: 1.0-2.0m) and with a static mixer. Further, the concentration profile was determined in a fluidized bed reactor with side stream analysis for different biocatalyst samples, fluid velocities and bed heights. The simulation of experimental results indicates that they are well described by the developed model. Furthermore, the model is well suited to predicting the influence of specific parameters on the effective kinetics of the biocatalyst and the expansion of the fluidized bed.

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130111

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Absorption of NO2/N2O4 in nitric acid (1990)

Weisweiler, Werner ; Eidam, Klaus ; Thiemann, Michael ; [et al.]

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 97-101

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Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

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Notes: Laboratory-scale measurements were performed on the absorption of NO2 gas into diluted nitric acid. The concentration of NO2 gas, which represents an NO2/N2O4 equilibrium, varied from 1000 to 20000 ppm, the carrier gas being nitrogen. The concentration of nitric acid ranged from 15 to 60 mass-%. The absorption experiments were carried out in a double stirred cell, with a defined gas/liquid interface as the mass transfer area. The liquid phase was conducted periodically and the gas phase continuously. Mass flow rates were determined. The well-known film model of absorption was used for analyzing the experimental results. Only the N2O4 species was considered to pass the gas/liquid interface. The measured data yielded values of HN2O4(k D1)1/2 as well as their variation with temperature and nitric acid concentration.

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130113

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Modelling of thermal desorption of active coke loaded with sulphuric acid and ammonium sulphatePaper presented at the “Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure”, Hannover, September 21 to 23, 1988. (1990)

Richter, Ekkehard

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 101-112

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Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Notes: The BF-Uhde-Mitsui Process uses active coke for SO2- and NOx-removal from flue gases in the temperature range between 100 and 190 °C, Experimental methods of thermal regeneration were applied to the evaluation of the state of the adsorbent after use in flue gas cleaning and of the parameters for disrober design. A reaction model was derived from experiments carried out in differential and back-mix reactors. The parameters were evaluated by adaptation of the model to the adsorption spectra. The model was successfully applied to the regeneration of active coke in a fluidized bed reactor.

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130114

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Mass transfer in countercurrent and cocurrent bubble columns (1990)

Seno, Tadachika ; Uchida, Shigeo ; Tsuyutani, Shinji

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 113-118

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ISSN: 0930-7516

Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

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Notes: The hydrodynamic and mass transfer characteristics in countercurrent, cocurrent and liquid batch operations with various Newtonian liquids were studied experimentally using the same bubble column. Taking the effect of gas sparger geometries, operating variables and liquid properties into account, empirical correlations were obtained for the gas hold-up and the volumetric liquid-phase mass transfer coefficient.

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Critical temperatures and pressures and high temperature vapour pressures of seven alcohols (1990)

Lydersen, Aksel L. ; Tsochev, Vassil

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 125-130

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Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

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Notes: Critical temperatures and pressures have been determined experimentally for the four lowest n-alcohols, 2-propanol, 2-butanol, and 2-methyl-1-propanol, and are given in the penultimate line of Table 3. The last line of Table 3 lists the weighted mean critical pressures, with the corresponding critical temperatures obtained from he vapour pressure equation. Comparison with the corresponding data from standard reference books reveals deviations from the experimental data in some [2, 4] and incorrect critical pressure for ethanol in all five reference books quoted in Table 3. In addition, vapour pressure data were obtained for the same alcohols in the temperature range approaching the critical point. The measurements are reproduced by the simplified Clausius-Clapeyron equation with the constants and standard deviation given in Table 2.

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130117

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Influence of geometric and thermophysical properties of reaction layer on sulphur dioxide oxidation in transient conditions (1990)

Sapundzhiev, Christo ; Grozev, Georgi ; Elenkov, Dimiter

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 131-135

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Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Notes: The sulphur dioxide to sulphur trioxide oxidation process in a fixed bed catalytic reactor is simulated in the case of cyclic change in the direction of the reaction mixture feed. It is shown that, for transient condition, the amount of catalyst in the reactor may be substantially reduced by its partial substitution with inert material of suitable form, dimensions and thermophysical properties, at the end of the layer. This makes the direct regenerative heat transfer process in these zones controllable, producing the same conversion and overall height of the layer. The results are significant for sulphuric acid production from gases poor in sulphur dioxide.

Additional Material: 5 Ill.

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130118

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Influence of gas flow on heat transfer in film condensation (1990)

Numrich, Reiner

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 136-143

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ISSN: 0930-7516

Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Notes: For the dimensioning of condensers in film condensation, the heat transfer coefficient between film surface and cooled tube wall must be known. Generally, Nusselt equations are used which have been verified by experiments. When there is no significant gas flow, a large number of equations correlate the experimental. data very well. The description of heat transfer enhancement by a significant gas flow is not sufficiently covered by the available literature. For film wise condensation in a vertical tube, a calculation method is presented which reproduces this phenomenon characterized by the interfacial shear stress at the film surface. This method is based on the assumption that, in the proximity of gas flow, the condensation process also affects the interfacial shear stress. A comparison with known experimental local Nusselt numbers showed a good agreement with water as the fluid. For test fluid MWA, which was used by Blangetti, the measured values show only a moderate agreement with theoretical calculations. Possibly, this is related to entertainment which occurred during measurements at film Reynolds numbers of over 80.

Additional Material: 8 Ill.

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130119

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Formation of Di-isobutene, main by-product of methyl tertiary butyl ethyl ether synthesis catalyzed by ion exchange resin (1990)

Rehfinger, Alwin ; Hoffmann, Ulrich

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 150-156

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Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

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Notes: An experimental set-up is presented for the measurement of steady-state reaction rates in the liquid phase methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) synthesis from isobutene and methanol using ion exchange resin as catalyst. This apparatus was used for a separate investigation of the main side reaction, i.e., the formation of isobutene dimers (DIB), in the temperature range between 60 and 90°C. The reaction catalyzed by Amberlyst 15 (A15) showed no steady-state behaviour, but the catalytic activity declined at a rate dependent on the reaction conditions. Time constants for activity loss were determined in the range from 3.5 to 30 h. The deactivated A15 catalyst could be regenerated through MTBE synthesis experiment. Deactivation is assumed to be caused by blocking of the microparticle gel phase by higher isobutene oligomers. The DIB formation, using 1-butene as solvent, was of 2nd order with respect to isobutene and showed an apparent activation energy of about 40 kJ/mol.

Additional Material: 8 Ill.

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130121

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Evaluation of plug flow assumption in packed beds (1990)

Foumeny, Esmail A. ; Pahlevanzadeh, Hassan

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 161-171

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Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

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Notes: Knowledge of modelling and computer simulation is an essential prerequisite for type design and operation of packed bed systems. Unfortunately, the existing models are based on a number of weak assumptions of which plug flow can be considered as a common deficiency. Such a simplification would inevitably have a noticeable bearing on the accuracy of the final design and consequently calls for the development of a coherent mathematical description of the packed bed systems so that reliable design information can be explored. A two-dimensional heterogeneous transient model has been developed which allows for the radial variations of velocity and void age. The model equations have been solved using numerical approximation. The simulated results reveal significant differences between the present refined data and those established from existing plug flow models.

Additional Material: 11 Ill.

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130123

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Measurements with multi-point microprobes: Effect of suspended solids on the hydrodynamics of bubble columns for application in chemical and biotechnological processesPaper presented by Chr. Wolff at the “GVC Working Party on Multiphase Flow”, Schliersee, Fed. Rep. Germany, April 13 to 15, 1988. (1990)

Wolff, Christoph ; Briegleb, Frank Ulrich ; Bader, Joerg ; [et al.]

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 172-184

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Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

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Notes: Many experimental studies reveal that suspended solids considerably alter the coalescence behaviour and hydrodynamic functions of wo-phase flow. But no systematic efforts have yet been undertaken to separate the effects of different particle properties on local gas hold-up, bubble size and interfacial area gas/liquid. The aim of this paper is to present the local values of these parameters in three-phase fluidized beds of different solids, using miniaturized optical fiber and conductivity needle probes. It is shown that particle concentration, size and, in particular, density are decisive for the change in coalescence behaviour. Ranges of normal (ϱS 〉 ϱL) and inverse fluidization (ϱS 〈 ϱL) must be distinguished and the flow regime also exerts a strong influence on the interactions between the dispersed phases, the transition point itself being a function of particle properties can be observed, This effect is evaluated for different column diameters, between 0.1 and 0.3 m.

Additional Material: 13 Ill.

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130124

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Agitation of aerated emulsionsPaper presented by T. Schneider at the internal meeting of the GVC-working party “Mixing” at Breisach, West-Germany, 3 May, 1988. (1990)

Schneider, Torsten ; Vettermann, Rainer ; Franz, Kristian

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 209-213

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ISSN: 0930-7516

Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

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Notes: Aerated emulsions are gaining significance in fermentation as well as in inorganic and organic chemistry. In these processes, liquid-liquid mass transfer can be the limiting step. Therefore, the effect of gassing rate on droplet size was investigated as a function of dispersed liquid phase concentration and power input in different vessels. At high power inputs, the droplet size decreased. With increasing dispersed phase concentration and gassing rate, the droplet size increased and its dependence on power input subsided.

Additional Material: 9 Ill.

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130128

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Motionless mixers for the design of multitubular polymerization reactors (1990)

Tien, Nguyen Khac ; Streiff, Felix ; Flaschel, Erwin ; [et al.]

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 214-220

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Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

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Notes: Experimental investigations of thermal bulk polymerization of styrene in pilot plants of different sizes have been performed. Each pilot plant is composed of a tubular recycle reactor, connected in series with a tubular reactor, both completely filled with Sulzer motionless mixers. Kinetic, reactor and viscosity models have been verified in a wide range of styrene conversions (up to 96%) temperatures (up to 210 °C) and polystyrene molar masses (up to 360 000). Scale-up studies were carried out which confirmed that multitubular reactors of special design can be applied for industrial polymerization process.

Additional Material: 11 Ill.

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130129

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Large-scale anaerobic/aerobic treatment of complex industrial wastewater using immobilized biomass in fluidized bed and air-lift suspension reactorsPaper presented by J. J. Heijnen at the GVC-VDI Congress “Verfahrenstechnik Abwasserreinigung”, Baden-Baden. October 17 to 19, 1988. (1990)

Heijnen, Sef J. ; Mulder, Arnold ; Weltevrede, René ; [et al.]

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 202-208

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Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

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Notes: Warm concentrated industrial wastewaters are preferably treated in an anaerobic reactor for reasons of energy generation and low surplus sludge production. Problems to be solved in the practical application concern a low growth rate of the micro-organisms, their low settling rate, process instability and the need for after treatment of the noxious anaerobic effluent which often contains NH4+ and HS-. The use of biomass immobilized on small suspended carriers (〈 0.5 mm) has proven to be a suitable means to overcome most of these problems. Results are presented on pilot and full-scale pretreatment of industrial wastewater in an anaerobic 2-state fluidized bed reactor for CH4-production and laboratory and pilot scale post-treatment of the anaerobic effluent, which contains NH4+ and HS- in an aerobic air-lift suspension reactor for the production of NO3- and SO42-.

Additional Material: 13 Ill.

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130127

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Contribution to solving the problem of dioxins generated during waste incinerationPaper presented by H. Vogg at the “Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-In-genieure”, Berlin, Seotember 27 to 29, 1989. (1990)

Vogg, Hubert ; Hunsinger, Hans ; Stieglitz, Ludwig

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 221-229

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Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

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Notes: The production of dioxins/furans during waste incineration, and particularly the development of measures for minimizing the amount of generated pollutants, continue to command a considerable scientific as well public interest. Experiments are reported which were performed at the TAMARA municipal solid waste pilot incineration, erected on the premises of the karlsruhe Nuclear Research Centre. These experiments show that the solid waste mass flow rate and moisture content influence the dioxin/furan formation, Good removal efficiencies of dioxins/furans have been In wet cleaning. Hydrogen peroxide added to the crude gas is an interesting “killer” reagent for dioxins/furans.

Additional Material: 8 Ill.

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130130

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Study on regeneration of diesel particulate filter using a laboratory reactor (1990)

Hoffmann, Ulrich ; Ma, Jianxin

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 251-258

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Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Notes: Regeneration of diesel particulate filters can be accomplished by complete combustion of a collected particulate. A reactor has been developed for study of the regeneration in the presence of catalysts, additives and ignition aids. This reactor allows an accurate measurement of soot ignition temperatures and a kinetic study of soot oxidation with an undisturbed soot layer and under a defined gas composition. Results of various investigations carried out with this reactor are presented.

Additional Material: 9 Ill.

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130134

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Transport effects in catalytic fluidized-bed reactorsPaper presented at the Third National Meeting of Chemists, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, March 12-14, 1989. (1990)

Shaikh, Abdulla A. ; Carberry, James J.

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 273-277

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Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

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Notes: The majority of the fluidized-bed reactor models are models are rooted in the tacit assumption that transport between the bubble, cloud, and emulsion phases occurs in series with chemical reaction. A more realistic model that anticipates simultaneous transport and reaction is presented in terms of a fluid-bed effectiveness factor which embraces the limits between chemical and mass transport control. Analysis of the predictive capacity of this model vis-a-vis the Kunii-Levenspiel model reveals signal differences in chemical conversion.

Additional Material: 6 Ill.

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130137

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Search for optimal geometry of a conical turbine agitator for heat transfer in stirred vessels (1990)

Strek, Frederyk ; Karcz, Joanna ; Bujalski, Waldemar

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 384-392

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Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

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Notes: Simultaneous measurements of power consumption P and heat transfer coefficient α for a jacketed, baffled, agitated vessel of diameter D = 0.45 m, equipped with a conical turbine, were carried out. The following geometric parameters of the agitator were tested: diameter d, blade width b and number Z, and distance from the bottom of the vessel to the lower edge of the blade h. The results of these investigations were generalized mathematically. On the basis of optimization, the best geometric parameters with respect to heat transfer are proposed for the conical turbine agitator.

Additional Material: 11 Ill.

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130152

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The Markov process approach to modelling of residence of time distributions in flow systems (1990)

Kumar, Surendra ; Pethö, Árpád

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 422-425

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Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

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Notes: The Markov process approach, as used in the modelling of particle residence time distribution in a flow system of interlinked compartments, has been compared with the deterministic model of a complex reaction system of the first order. In the latter model, interfacial reactions take place between flowing phases, corresponding to the compartments in the stochastic model. It has been demonstrated that the two approaches are equivalent. A direct method of calculating the higher moments of the residence time distribution has been verified.

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130157

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Effect of dispersions of CSD in continuous MSMPR crystallizers (1990)

Gupta, Bhaskar Sen ; Dutta, Tapas K.

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 426-431

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Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

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Notes: A general model is proposed to predict the crystal size distribution from multistage MSMPR Crystallizers taking into account shape factor, birth size and growth rate dispersions. Two cases, namely nucleation in the first crystallizer and the same process in all crystallizers have been considered. The developed equations can be solved easily by the Monte Carlo technique. The model represents an extension of the earlier work of Sen Gupta and Dutta.

Additional Material: 3 Ill.

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130158

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NMR-Mikroskopie - Grundlagen, Grenzen und AnwendungsmöglichkeitenProfessor Karl Hermann Hausser zum 70. Geburtstag gewidmet (1990)

Kuhn, Winfried

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 102 (1990), S. 1-20

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ISSN: 0044-8249

Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology

Notes: Ein neues Anwendungsgebiet der NMR-Spektroskopie, neben der Aufklärung von Molekülstrukturen und dem Studium biochemischer Prozesse und morphologischer Phänomene (als NMR-Tomographie), eröffnet die NMR-Mikroskopie. Sie eignet sich als bildgebendes Verfahren sowohl für die Untersuchung biologischer Objekte wie Pflanzen und Kleintiere als auch für die Beobachtung mikroskopischer Strukturen und Strukturänderungen in Polymeren und keramischen Materialien. Die NMR-Mikroskopie kann auch als volumenselektive Spektroskopie, mit der die NMR-spezifischen Parameter - Spindichte ϱ, chemische Verschiebung δ, Relaxationszeiten T1 und T2 - ortsaufgelöst quantitativ bestimmt werden können, betrieben werden. Die vielen inzwischen sehr gut entwickelten Meßmethoden ermöglichen durch sehr schnelle Bildgebung das Studium dynamischer Prozesse im Millisekundenbereich, so daß nicht nur bei sich bewegenden Objekten das Objekt artefaktfrei abgebildet, sondern auch die Diffusionskonstanten isotroper wie anisotroper Diffusion bestimmt werden können - bei letzterer im Prinzip sogar der komplette Diffusionstensor. Die ortsaufgelöste Bestimmung der Relaxationszeiten liefert Informationen über molekulare Beweglichkeiten und Bindungsverhältnisse, z. B. die Bindung von Wasser oder anderen Lösungsmitteln an Polymere, die Beweglichkeit von Flüssigkeiten in Polymeren oder keramischen Materialien oder die dreidimensionale Form von Poren in porösen Werkstoffen. Im biologisch-medizinischen Bereich ermöglicht die NMR-Mikroskopie die Beobachtung von Wachstumsprozessen auf der Zellebene, embryologische Studien, die Entwicklung therapeutischer Konzepte im Tierversuch unter oft drastischer Reduktion der Zahl der Tierversuche und, als volumenselektive Spektroskopie durchgeführt, das Studium des Energiestoffwechsels in vivo.

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19901020104

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Synthese von (+)-Terrein aus L-Weinsäure (1990)

Altenbach, Hans-Josef ; Holzapfel, Winfried

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 102 (1990), S. 64-65

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ISSN: 0044-8249

Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19901020110

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Eine Wagner-Meerwein-Umlagerung als Zwischenschritt bei der Dihydroindolon-Bildung aus 2-Diazo-acetoacetanilidenWir danken Herrn T. Grub für seine Mitarbeit im Rahmen eines studentischen Fortgeschrittenenpraktikums. (1990)

Himbert, Gerhard ; Ruppmich, Martin

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 102 (1990), S. 69-70

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ISSN: 0044-8249

Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19901020113

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Über die invers durch Amine stabilisierten Sulfene F2C=SO2 und FHC=SO2Professor Gerhard Fritz zum 70. Geburtstag gewidmetDiese Arbeit wurde von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (Schwerpunktsprogramm) und dem Fonds der Chemischen Industrie gefördert. (1990)

Pritzkow, Hans ; Rall, Klaus ; Reimann-Andersen, Stefan ; [et al.]

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 102 (1990), S. 80-81

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ISSN: 0044-8249

Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology

Additional Material: 2 Ill.

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19901020120

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Kombinierte chemoenzymatische Synthese von N-GlycoproteinbausteinenDiese Arbeit wurde von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft und dem Fonds der Chemischen Industrie gefördert. (1990)

Thiem, Joachim ; Wiemann, Torsten

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 102 (1990), S. 78-80

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Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19901020119

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[H6As10Mo24O90]8⊖, ein Heteropolyanion aus zwei verknüpften Kugelfragmenten, und reduzierte Keggin-Anionen als AbbauprodukteProfessor Gerhard Fritz zum 70. Geburtstag gewidmetWir danken Herrn Prof. Dr. M. T. Pope, Washington, DC, für sehr wesentliche Hinweise. (1990)

Müller, Achim ; Krickemeyer, Erich ; Penk, Michael ; [et al.]

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 102 (1990), S. 85-87

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ISSN: 0044-8249

Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology

Additional Material: 2 Ill.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19901020123

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Synthese von ( - )-Neplanocin A aus (R,R)-WeinsäureWir danken der Hoechst AG für die Untersuchungen zur biologischen Aktivität von 13. (1990)

Bestmann, Hans Jürgen ; Roth, Dieter

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 102 (1990), S. 95-96

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Die Koordinationschemie von Polyoxomolybdaten: Die Struktur eines zwölfkernigen Molybdat-Käfigs mit Hydrogenquadratat-Liganden, [(C4H9)4N]4[Mo12O36(C4O4H)4] · 10(C2H5)2ODiese Arbeit wurde von der National Science Foundation gefördert (CHE8815299 für J.Z.). (1990)

Chen, Qin ; Liu, Shuncheng ; Zubieta, Jon

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 102 (1990), S. 100-102

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Direkter Elektronenaustausch zwischen Graphitelektroden und einem adsorbierten Komplex aus Glucose-Oxidase und einem Os-haltigen RedoxpolymerDiese Arbeit wurde zum Teil vom Office of Naval Research und der Robert A. Welch Foundation gefördert. Wir danken Yinon Degani für wertvolle Ratschläge bei der Synthese der Polymere und Goran Svensk für die Bestimmung des Molekulargewichts des Os-haltigen Redox-Terpolymers 1. (1990)

Pishko, Michael V. ; Katakis, Ioanis ; Lindquist, Sten-Eric ; [et al.]

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 102 (1990), S. 109-111

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Carbyne Complexes. Von H. Fischer, P. Hofmann, F. R. Kreißl, R. R. Schrock, U. Schubert und K. Weiss. VCH Verlagsgesellschaft, Weinheim/VCH Publishers, New York 1988. XVIII, 235 S., geb. DM 120.00. - ISBN 3-527-26948-7/0-89573-849-X (1990)

Kaesz, Herbert D.

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 102 (1990), S. 114-115

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Photopolymere. Prinzipien und Anwendungen. Von H.-J. Timpe und H. Baumann. VEB Deutscher Verlag für Grundstoffindustrie, Leipzig 1988. 306 S., geb. DM 65.00. - ISBN 3-342-00215-8; Bestell-Nr. 5419817 (1990)

Steppan, Hartmut ; Zertani, Rudolf

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 102 (1990), S. 117-117

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Synthese von Tetrachlorammoniumhexafluoroarsenat, NCl4⊕ AsF6⊖Diese Arbeit wurde von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft und vom Fonds der Chemischen Industrie gefördert. (1990)

Minkwitz, Rolf ; Bernstein, Dirk ; Sawodny, Wolfgang

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 102 (1990), S. 185-186

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Röntgenstrukturanalyse eines durch eine Grob-Fragmentierung erzeugten Iminium-IonsAus der Diplomarbeit von S. H. Wir danken Prof. Dr. D. Seebach und Prof. Dr. J. D. Dunitz für finanzielle Unterstützung. T. L. dankt dem Fonds der Chemischen Industrie für ein Dozentenstipendium. (1990)

Hollenstein, Sandro ; Laube, Thomas

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 102 (1990), S. 194-195

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[H2Ru6(CO)16(μ-C6H4O)]: Bindung von fünf Metallatomen an ein PhenolmolekülDiese Arbeit wurde von der Volkswagen-Stiftung, dem Fonds der chemischen Industrie und dem Rechenzentrum der Universität Freiburg gefördert. (1990)

Bohle, D. Scott ; Vahrenkamp, Heinrich

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 102 (1990), S. 202-203

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Cumulene mit Ruthenium: Bildung von 2,3,4-Pentatrienyliden- und 3-Oxo-1,4-pentadienyl-KomplexenDiese Arbeit wurde vom CNRS gefördert. Wir danken dem Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (Spanien) für ein Postdoktoranden-Stipendium für A. R. und eine Kristallstrukturanalyse. (1990)

Romero, Antonio ; Vegas, Angel ; Dixneuf, Pierre H.

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 102 (1990), S. 210-211

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Cyclophane als Katalysatoren: Ein Porphyrin-überbrücktes Cyclophan als Modell für Cytochrom-P-450-EnzymeKatalytische Cyclophane, 5. Mitteilung. Diese Arbeit wurde vom Office of Naval Research gefördert. R. V. dankt der National Science Foundation für ein Summer Undergraduate Fellowship. - 4. Mitteilung: [1]. (1990)

Benson, David R. ; Valentekovich, Robert ; Diederich, François

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 102 (1990), S. 213-216

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Alkinspaltung als neuer Weg zu niedervalenten CarbinmetallkomplexenDiese Arbeit wurde vom bayerischen Staatsministerium für Wissenschaft und Kunst und von der Volkswagen-Stiftung gefördert. Wir danken Prof. Dr. E. O. Fischer und Prof. Dr. W. A. Herrmann für Unterstützung. (1990)

Filippou, Alexander C. ; Völkl, Christian ; Grünleitner, Walter ; [et al.]

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 102 (1990), S. 224-226

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Organisch-chemischer Denksport. Ein Seminar für Fortgeschrittene. Von R. Brückner. Vieweg, Braunschweig/Wiesbaden 1989. XVII, 270 S., Paperback DM 39.80 - ISBN 3-528-06329-7 (1990)

Christl, Manfred

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 102 (1990), S. 230-231

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Acitvation Analysis with Charged Particles. (Reihe: Ellis Horwood Series in Analytical Chemistry). Von C. Vandecasteele.z Ellis Horwood/Halsted Press Limited, Chichester 1988. 171 S., geb. $ 29.95. - ISBN 0-7458-0175-7/0-470-21204-7 (1990)

Tölg, Günther

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 102 (1990), S. 233-234

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Dictionary of Alkaloids. Herausgegeben von I. W. Southon und J. Buckingham. Chapman and Hall, London 1989. 1161 S./Index 620 S., geb. £ 675.00 - ISBN 0-412-24910-3 (1990)

Laatsch, Hartmut

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 102 (1990), S. 237-238

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Impressum (1990)

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 102 (1990)

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Konformation und Struktur von Organometallkomplexen im Festkörper: zwei für das Verständnis chemischer Reaktionen wichtige StudienProfessor Jack Dunitz gewidmet (1990)

Shambayati, Soroosh ; Crowe, William E. ; Schreiber, Stuart L.

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 102 (1990), S. 273-290

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Notes: In dieser Übersicht werden zwei Klassen von Organometallkomplexen unter Benutzung der Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) auf ihre bevorzugten Konformationen hin untersucht. Die Komplexe von Lewis-Säuren mit Carbonylverbindungen zeigen je nach den elektronischen und sterischen Ansprüchen der Carbonylkomponente und der Art der Lewis-Säure eine Vielfalt von Koordinationsgeometrien. Außerdem werden die Festkörper-Konformationen von Acyl-, Nitrosyl-, Acetylen- und Imidoliganden in Komplexen, die π-bindende Liganden enthalten, diskutiert. Die dabei gewonnenen Erkenntnisse regten die Entwicklung eines Konformationsmodells an, das auf den Konzepten der „π-Bindungshybridisierung“ und der Grenzorbitaltheorie beruht. Die Befunde sind für ein Verständnis der Mechanismen und Übergangszustände vieler präparativ wichtiger Reaktionen von Bedeutung. Ein auf genauen Strukturdaten beruhendes tieferes Verständnis der konformativen Eigenschaften von Organometallkomplexen wird wahrscheinlich das Entwerfen und Optimieren von Prozessen fördern, in denen Metalle eine Rolle spielen.

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Das erste monomere Diorgano(pyrazolyl)boran - ein nichtklassisches Boronium-Ion in Lösung?Professor Günther Wilke zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmetWir danken Prof. Dr. P. von R. Schleyer für Vorschläge und wertvolle Diskussionen. (1990)

Yalpani, Mohamed ; Köster, Roland ; Boese, Roland ; [et al.]

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 102 (1990), S. 318-320

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[4+2]-Cycloadditionen von Phosphinodiazoalkanen: Synthese von 1,2,4λ5-DiazaphosphininenProfessor Alfred Schmidpeter zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmetDiazoverbindungen, 71. Mitteilung. Diese Arbeit wurde von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft und dem Fonds der Chemischen Industrie gefördert. - 70. Mitteilung: M. Regitz, M. Böhshar, S. Arenz, H. Heydt, Chem. Ber. 122 (1989) 565. (1990)

Facklam, Thomas ; Wagner, Oliver ; Heydt, Heinrich ; [et al.]

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 102 (1990), S. 316-318

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Ein neuer Typ doppelter Calix[4]arene durch Verknüpfung der phenolischen Hydroxygruppen (1990)

McKervey, M. Anthony ; Owens, Michael ; Schulten, Hans-Rolf ; [et al.]

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 102 (1990), S. 326-328

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Herstellung eines enantiomerenangereicherten Allyllithium-Derivates durch Deprotonierung unter kinetischer RacematspaltungProfessor Paul von Ragué Schleyer zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmetDiese Arbeit wurde von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft und dem Fonds der Chemischen Industrie gefördert. (1990)

Zschage, Oliver ; Schwark, Jan-Robert ; Hoppe, Dieter

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 102 (1990), S. 336-337

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Synthese und Struktur des neuen μ2-Carbido-Komplexes [(TPP)Fe = C = Re(CO)4Re(CO)5]Professor Günther Wilke zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmetKohlenwasserstoff-verbrückte Komplexe. 16. Mitteilung. Diese Arbeit wurde von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft und dem Fonds der Chemischen Industrie gefördert. Herrn Professor Dr. W. Herrmann und Herrn Dr. E. Herdtweck, Technische Universität München, danken wir für wertvolle Hinweise. - 15. Mitteilung: [18]. (1990)

Beck, Wolfgang ; Knauer, Wolfgang ; Robl, Christian

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 102 (1990), S. 331-333

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Stereo- und Regioselektivität von chiralen, alkylsubstituierten ansa-Zirconocen-Katalysatoren bei der Methylalumoxan-aktivierten Propen-Polymerisationansa-Metallocen-Derivate, 19. Mitteilung. Diese Arbeit wurde von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft und dem Fonds der Chemischen Industrie gefördert. Wir danken Frau E. Barsties (Universität Konstanz), Dr. W. Ball, Dr. J. Merthes und Dr. P. Simak (BASF AG) für die Polymeranalysen, der BASF AG für Chemikalienspenden sowie Prof. J. E. Bercaw (California Institute of Technology) und einem der Gutachter für wertvolle Hinweise. - 18. Mitteilung: P. Burger, H. U. Hund, K. Evertz, H. H. Brintzinger, J. Organomet. Chem. 378 (1989) 153.Professor Günther Wilke zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet (1990)

Röll, Werner ; Brintzinger, Hans-Herbert ; Rieger, Bernhard ; [et al.]

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 102 (1990), S. 339-341

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The Chemistry of Linear Oligopyrroles and Bile Pigments. Von H. Falk. Springer, Wien 1989. XII, 621 S., geb. DM 270.00. - ISBN 3-211-82112-0 (1990)

Gossauer, Albert

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 102 (1990), S. 345-346

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Strahlungsinduzierte Copolymerisation von cis- [PdCl2{CN(CH2)3OC(O)—CH = CH2}2]: Ein neuer Weg zu katalytisch aktiven, Pd enthaltenden vernetzten Polymeren (1990)

Corain, Benedetto ; Zecca, Marco ; Sam, Felix Okon ; [et al.]

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 102 (1990), S. 404-405

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Wasserlösliche Metall-Komplexe des sulfonierten Triphenylphosphans TPPTS: Reindarstellung und Verwendung für KatalysenWasserlösliche Metallkomplexe und Katalysatoren, 1. Mitteilung. TPPTS = Natriumsalz der 3,3′,3″-Phosphantriyltribenzolsulfonsäure.Professor Günther Wilke zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet (1990)

Herrmann, Wolfgang A. ; Kulpe, Jürgen A. ; Kellner, Jürgen ; [et al.]

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 102 (1990), S. 408-414

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Das Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentan-Gerüst, ein ausgezeichnetes Relais für π/σ-KonjugationDiese Arbeit wurde von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft und dem Fonds der Chemischen Industrie gefördert. Wir danken Herrn A. Flatow für die Aufnahme der Photoelektronenspektren.Professor Franz Effenberger zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet (1990)

Gleiter, Rolf ; Pfeifer, Karl-Heinz ; Szeimies, Günter ; [et al.]

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 102 (1990), S. 418-420

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Eine stabile Triradikal-Verbindung und ihre ungewöhnlichen magnetischen EigenschaftenFür die Messungen der magnetischen Suszeptibilität danken wir Prof. Dr. A. Simon und Dr. R. Kremer, Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Stuttgart. (1990)

Dulog, Lothar ; Kim, Jeong Soo

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 102 (1990), S. 403-404

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[{Ni2(μ-CNMe)(CNMe)4-(Ph2PCH2PPh2)}2Hg][NiCl4], ein spirocyclischer Ni4Hg-Cluster mit einem HgII-ZentrumDiese Arbeit wurde von der National Science Foundation (CHE-8707963) und der NASA (NAG-3-977) gefördert. J. H. dankt der Upjohn Corporation für ein Stipendium. (1990)

Gong, Jinkang ; Huang, Jean ; Fanwick, Phillip E. ; [et al.]

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 102 (1990), S. 407-408

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Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology

Additional Material: 2 Ill.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19901020413

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Radikalische reduktive Alkylierung von Enaminen mit Chlormethyl-p-tolylsulfonDiese Arbeit wurde vom Schweizerischen Nationalfonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung gefördert. (1990)

Renaud, Philippe ; Schubert, Serge

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 102 (1990), S. 416-417

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ISSN: 0044-8249

Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology

Additional Material: 1 Ill.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19901020416

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Enzymkatalysierte Synthese von (S)-CyanhydrinenDiese Arbeit wurde von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft und dem Fonds der Chemischen Industrie gefördert. (1990)

Niedermeyer, Uwe ; Kula, Maria-regina

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 102 (1990), S. 423-425

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ISSN: 0044-8249

Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology

Additional Material: 1 Ill.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19901020420

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Isolierung einer L-stereospezifischen N-Acyl-L-prolin-Acylase und ihre Verwendung als Katalysator in der Organischen SyntheseProfessor Franz Effenberger zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmetAminosäuretransformation, 4. Mitteilung. - 3. Mitteilung: H.-P. Krimmer, K. Drauz, A. Kleemann, Chem.-Ztg. 111 (1987) 357. (1990)

Groeger, Ulrich ; Drauz, Karlheinz ; Klenk, Herbert

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 102 (1990), S. 428-429

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ISSN: 0044-8249

Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology

Additional Material: 1 Ill.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19901020423

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Multiple 1,2-O-O-Verschiebung von tert-Butyldiphenylsilylgruppen in Polyolen (1990)

Mulzer, Johann ; Schöllhorn, Bernd

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 102 (1990), S. 433-435

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ISSN: 0044-8249

Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19901020426

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Starke C-Sn-Hyperkonjugation in einem DistannylmethylenboranProfessor Paul von Ragué Schleyer zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmetDiese Arbeit wurde von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft und dem Fonds der Chemischen Industrie gefördert. (1990)

Pilz, Monika ; Michel, Holger ; Berndt, Armin

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 102 (1990), S. 438-439

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ISSN: 0044-8249

Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19901020429

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Kontinuierliche Erzeugung von NADH aus NAD⊕ und Formiat mit einem molekulargewichtsvergrößerten Homogenkatalysator in einem MembranreaktorDiese Arbeit wurde vom Fonds der Chemischen Industrie und von der BASF AG gefördert. Frau Prof. Dr. M. R. Kula danken wir für PEG-NADH. (1990)

Steckhan, Eberhard ; Herrmann, Sabine ; Ruppert, Romain ; [et al.]

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 102 (1990), S. 445-447

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ISSN: 0044-8249

Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology

Additional Material: 4 Ill.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19901020433

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CH-Aktivierung von Acetonitril durch Alkylverbindungen der frühen Lanthanoide: Dimere Cyanmethyl-Lanthanoid-Komplexe mit CH2CN-BrückenDiese Arbeit wurde von der Shell Research BV gefördert. (1990)

Heeres, Hero J. ; Meetsma, Auke ; Teuben, Jan H.

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 102 (1990), S. 449-450

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ISSN: 0044-8249

Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology

Additional Material: 1 Ill.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19901020435

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Reversible Photoisomerisierung von Keten zu EthinolDiese Arbeit wurde vom Schweizerischen Nationalfonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung (Teil des Projekts Nr. 2000-5.515) sowie von den Firmen Ciba-Geigy AG, Sandoz AG, F. Hoffmann-La Roche & Cie. AG und von der Ciba-Stiftung unterstützt. (1990)

Hochstrasser, Remo ; Wirz, Jakob

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 102 (1990), S. 454-455

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ISSN: 0044-8249

Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology

Additional Material: 3 Tab.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19901020438

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