Library

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • 1985-1989  (14)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1965-1969  (12)
  • 1890-1899
  • 1986  (14)
  • 1968  (12)
  • 1899
  • 1894
  • Kidney
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 334 (1986), S. 327-332 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Serotonin ; Norepinephrine ; Age ; Rat ; Kidney ; Amplification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Isolated kidneys of Wistar rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were perfused with Tyrode's solution. In 2- and 6-month old SHR, the maximal increase in perfusion pressure caused by norepinephrine was higher than in 2- and 6-month old Wistar rats, but the sensitivity, as judged from the dose of the agonist required to reach 50% of the maximal response was the same. Both the maximal response and the sensitivity to serotonin were significantly augmented in 6-month old SHR and Wistar rats when compared to the young animals. This hypersensitivity was more pronounced in SHR than in Wistar rats. Infusion of serotonin potentiated the vasoconstriction induced by a bolus of norepinephrine. This amplification, due to activation of S2-serotonergic receptors, was more pronounced in the old animals. No amplification occurred when norepinephrine was infused instead of serotonin. Tachyphylaxis to the amplifying effect of serotonin was observed and was less pronounced in kidneys from old than from young animals. The amplifying effect of serotonin was inhibited by ketanserin at concentrations which did not, or only moderately, inhibit the response to norepinephrine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 64 (1986), S. 587-589 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Kidney ; Fibrinolysis ; Renal veins ; Acute renal failure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In 50 patients without renal insufficiency, fibrinolytic activity, as reflected by euglobulin lysis time, was determined in blood obtained from the renal veins, the renal artery and a peripheral vein. Fibrinolytic activity was found to be significantly higher in the renal veins than in the renal artery and the peripheral vein. Other coagulation and fibrinolysis parameters did not show such differences. In addition, a patient with acute oligoanuric renal failure was investigated. This patient demonstrated reduced overall fibrinolytic activity, but there were no differences between the activity in the blood of the renal veins and that of the renal artery or peripheral vein. It seems, therefore, that the kidneys release plasminogen activators into the systemic circulation. This may be decreased in renal failure, probably contributing to the well-known diminished fibrinolysis in some kidney diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 64 (1986), S. 862-870 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Kidney ; Ammoniagenesis ; Glutamine metabolism ; Ammonium excretion ; Ammonium transport ; Nonvolatile acids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Hauptort der renalen NH3↔NH 4 + -Bildung ist die proximale Tubuluszelle. Glutamin ist das wesentliche Substrat dafür. Die Desamidierung durch die mitochondriale Glutaminase ergibt Glutamat− und NH 4 + (und nicht NH3, wie oft behauptet). Ein zweites NH 4 + -Ion wird aus der Desaminierung von Glutamat− zu 2-Oxo-Glutarat2− gewonnen. NH 4 + gelangt in das Tubuluslumen großteils (aber nicht ausschließlich) in der Form von NH3 (nicht-ionische Diffusion). Für jedes sezernierte NH3 bleibt ein H+-Ion in der Zelle zurück, das separat ins Lumen transportiert wird. Im Lumen wird aus beiden wieder NH 4 + gebildet, das dann im Urin ausgeschieden wird. Dieser Prozeßper se entfernt keine H+-Ionen aus dem Körper. Zu diesem Zwecke müssen erst die anionischen Metaboliten, die bei der Ammoniagenese entstehen (2-Oxo-Glutarat2− u.a.), in neutrale Stoffe umgewandelt werden (CO2, Glukose). Dies geschieht ebenfalls, wenn auch nicht notwendigerweise, in der Tubuluszelle. Für jede negative Ladung des Substrats entsteht dabei ein HCO 3 − -Ion, das die Zelle auf der Blutseite verläßt. Eine luminale NH 4 + -Bildung, katalysiert durch γ-Glutamyltransferase, trägt in geringem Ausmaß zur NH 4 + -Anhäufung im Lumen bei. Am Ende des proximalen Konvoluts findet sich 9mal mehr NH3↔NH 4 + als im Glomerulusfiltrat. Nur ein Drittel davon erreicht das distale Konvolut, vor allem weil NH 4 + als solches im dicken, aufsteigenden Teil der Henleschen Schleife durch Co-Transport oder Elektrodiffusion resorbiert wird. Beide Prozesse erhalten ihre Energie durch den aktiven Na+-Transport in diesem Nephronteil. Dadurch wird NH3↔NH 4 + u.a. im medullären Interstitium akkumuliert, so daß ein chemischer Gradient für die nicht-ionische Diffusion von NH3 ins Lumen des Sammelrohrs aufgebaut wird. Begünstigt wird dies auch durch den sauren Disäquilibriums-pH-Wert im Lumen dieses Segments. Es wurde vorgeschlagen, daß NH3↔NH 4 + , wohl via nicht-ionische Diffusion, auch in den absteigenden Teil der Henleschen Schleife sezerniert wird, um, zusammen mit der NH 4 + -Resorption im aufsteigenden Schleifenteil, die hohe interstitielle NH3↔NH 4 + -Konzentration, die markwärts zunimmt, aufrechtzuerhalten. Das Prinzip der Gegenstrom-Multiplikation scheint daher auch bei der NH 4 + -Ausscheidung eine wesentliche Rolle zu spielen.
    Notes: Summary The proximal tubule cell is the major site of renal ammoniagenesis. Glutamine is the major substrate. Deamidation by mitochondrial glutaminase yields glutamate− and NH 4 + (not NH3, as traditionally taught). A second NH 4 + ion is obtained by deamination of glutamate− to 2-oxo-glutarate2−. NH 4 + preferentially enters the tubule lumen primarily, but probably not exclusively, by non-ionic diffusion of NH3. For each NH3 formed in the cell one H+ ion is left behind. H+ and NH3 are secreted on separate routes, but recombine in the lumen to NH 4 + and reach the final urine in this form. This processper se does not net-remove H+ from the organism. For this purpose, the anionic products of ammoniagenesis (2-oxo-glutarate2− and others) have to be converted into neutral compounds (CO2, glucose). This metabolism again takes place usually in the tubule cell. For each negative charge one HCO 3 − is formed which enters the peritubular blood. Luminal γ-glutamyl transferase-mediated ammoniagenesis contributes to NH 4 + accumulation in the proximal tubule to a small extent. The endproximal NH 4 + delivery exceeds the filtered load by a factor of 9. Only 1/3 of it reaches the distal convoluted tubule mainly because NH 4 + as such is reabsorbed from the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop by secondary active transport or electrodiffusion. Both processes are energized by the active Na+ transport in this segment. Thereby NH3↔NH 4 + is accumulated in the medullary interstitium, which establishes the chemical gradient for non-ionic diffusion of NH3 into the lumen of the collecting ducts. This is favoured by the acidic disequilibrium pH in the lumen of this segment. Secretion of NH3↔NH 4 + , probably by non-ionic diffusion, also into the descending limb of the loop is hypothesized to maintain (together with the NH 4 + reabsorption in the thick ascending limb) the high interstitial NH3↔NH 4 + concentration increasing towards to inner medulla. Thus, the principle of counter current multiplication seems to be involved also in NH 4 + excretion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 186 (1986), S. 353-363 
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Ammonia metabolism ; Glutamine metabolism ; Kidney ; Muscle ; Gut
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of acid and alkali food supplementation on systemic ammonemia to explain the hyper-ammonemia previously observed in rats fed a high protein diet. In normal rats, arterial ammonia concentration significantly increases after 4 days of HCl-supplemented diet. Following a NaHCO3-enriched food, there is only a slight but not significant decrease in arterial ammonia level. These changes occur before any variation in arterial acid-base status and are of renal origin. Indeed, there is a positive linear correlation (r = 0.946;P 〈 0.001) between arterial ammonia level and the ammonia concentration difference between the renal vein and artery (which varies proportionally to the urinary ammonium excretion). Hindquarter uptake and intestinal release of ammonia do not significantly participate in the arterial ammonia changes observed. Following HCl-enriched diets, increased renal glutamine uptake, enhanced hindquarter glutamine release, and perhaps decreased intestinal glutamine uptake occur simultaneously. In conclusion, acid and alkali food supplementation intervenes on the renal ammonia release into the circulation with concomitant arterial ammonemia changes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 173 (1986), S. 299-305 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Raja erinacea ; Squalus acanthias ; Peritubular sheath ; Tight junctions ; Thin section ; Freeze-fracture ; Countercurrent system ; Kidney
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the kidney of two elasmobranch fish, the little skate (Raja erinacea) and the spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias), each tubular bundle is wrapped by a continuous sheath of extremely flattened cells which are ordered in several closely superimposed layers. Thin sections and freeze-fracture replicas demonstrate that extensive tight functions exist between the cells of this peritubular sheath. The sheath cells lie on a discontinuous basement membrane which suggests that they do not belong to the connective tissue. Conceivably, each peritubular sheath segregates the milieu inside the sheath (surrounding the bundle of 5 tubules bules and capillaries which form the countercurrent system) from the milieu outside the sheath (connective tissue matrix in which the bundles are embedded).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 69 (1986), S. 33-37 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Globoid cell leukodystrophy ; Dog ; Galactosylceramide ; Kidney
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The kidney of a 7-month-old male Cairn terrier with globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD) was investigated with light and electron microscopes. A few tubular epithelial cells in the inner medulla as well as some exfoliated cells in the lumina revealed PAS-positive cytoplasm in which needle-like structures were to be seen on occasion. At the ultrastructural level, characteristic inclusions of GLD were found in these cells. This observation indicates that in addition to our previous report in the kidney of murine GLD (Takahashi et al. 1984), kidney in canine GLD also is a site of abnormal storage of galactosylceramide, although so far no morphological or biochemical evidence of galactosylceramide storage was demonstrated in human GLD
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Proximal tubule ; Kidney ; K+ conductance ; Cell membrane potential ; Ouabain temperature ; Phlorizin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In isolated perfused segments of the mouse proximal tubule, the potential difference across the basolateral cell membrane (PDbl) was determined with conventional microelectrodes. Under control conditions with symmetrical solutions it amounted to −62±1 mV (n=118). The potential difference across the epithelium (PDte) was −1.7±0.1 mV (n=45). Transepithelial resistance amounted to 1.82±0.09 kΩ cm (n=28), corresponding to 11.4±0.6 Ω cm2. Increasing bath potassium concentration from 5 to 20 mmol/l depolarized PDbl by +24±1 mV (n=103), and PDte by +1.6±0.1 mV (n=19). Thus, the basolateral cell membrane is preferably conductive to potassium. Rapid cooling of the bath perfusate from 38°C to 10°C led to a transient hyperpolarization of PDbl from −60±1 to −65±1 mV (n=21) within 40 s followed by gradual depolarization by +18±1% (n=14) within 5 min. The transepithelial resistance increased significantly from 1.78±0.11 kΩ cm to 2.20±0.21 kΩ cm (n=15). Rapid rewarming of the bath to 38°C caused a depolarization from −61±2 mV (n=17) to −43±2 mV (n=16) within 15 s followed by a repolarization to −59±2 mV (n=10) within 40 s. Ouabain invariably depolarized PDbl. During both, sustained cooling or application of ouabain, the sensitivity of PDbl to bath potassium concentration decreased in parallel to PDbl pointing to a gradual decrease of potassium conductance. Phlorizin hyperpolarized the cell membrane from −59±2 to −66±1 mV (n=13), virtually abolished the transient hyperpolarization under cooling, and significantly reduced the depolarization after rewarming from +17±2 mV (n=16) to +9±3 mV (n=9). The present data indicate that the contribution of peritubular potassium conductance to the cell membrane conductance decreases following inhibition of basolateral (Na++K+)-ATPase. Apparently, cooling from 37° to 10°C does not only reduce (Na−+K+)-ATPase activity but in addition luminal sodium uptake mechanisms such as the sodium glucose cotransporter. As a result, cooling leads to an initial hyperpolarization of the cell followed by depolarization only after some delay.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 407 (1986), S. S160 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Kidney ; Contraluminal membrane ; Sulfate transport ; Anion exchanger ; DIDS
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The kinetics of sulfate uptake were studied in basolateral membrane vesicles from rat renal cortex. Sulfate uptake exhibits a DIDS-sensitive, saturable component, and a DIDS-insensitive component, which does not saturate in the tested sulfate concentration range (up to 10 mM). Intravesicular (= trans) sulfate strongly stimulates sulfate uptake by increasingJ max and — to a lesser degree — by decreasing apparentK m. The marked dependence ofJ max on trans-sulfate indicates that the transport system operates as an anion exchanger. Half-maximal sulfate uptake occurs at 0.08–0.14 mmol/l extravesicular sulfate. Half-maximal trans-stimulation is observed at 11 mmol/l intravesicular sulfate indicating that the sulfate transporter is highly asymmetric. Lowering extravesicular pH stimulates sulfate uptake, suggesting that external protons are essential for sulfate uptake. This stimulation is mainly due to a decrease inK m. An inside positive membrane potential stimulates sulfate uptake at pHout=8.8, but not at pHout=6.4. These results are compatible with electrogenic sulfate transport at higher and electroneutral 2H+−SO 4 2− cotransport at lower pH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Interaction ; Kidney ; Mercury ; Selenium ; Metallothionein ; Endogenous copper ; Zinc ; Urinary excretion ; Metals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of single (SC) administration of mercuric chloride (1 mg Hg/kg) alone or jointly with (PO) sodium selenite (0.39 mg Se/kg) on kidney disposition of mercury (Hg) and metallothionein (MT) and urinary excretion of Hg, zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) has been studied in the female rat. The excretion of Hg and essential metals was determined every day following exposure. Daily excretion of endogenous Cu and Zn the Hg-exposed group was about threefold and fourfold, respectively, in comparison with control groups of rats. Sodium selenite prevented the urinary excretion of endogenous Cu and partly of Zn.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Ochratoxin A ; Tissue distribution ; DNA damage ; Kidney ; Liver
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The distribution of a single low dose of [3H]ochratoxin A (OTA) in different tissues of male Wistar rats, after administration by intubation, was investigated after 5 h, 24 h and 48 h. This dose corresponds to concentrations encountered in naturally contaminated feed (4 ppm). The distribution of [3H]-label varied with the time elapsed after administration; at 5 h the highest specific label was found in the stomach contents and in decreasing order in: intestinal contents, lung, liver, kidney, heart, fat, intestine, testes, and the lowest in muscles, spleen and brain. With exception of brain, fat, stomach and lung, all tissues showed maximum levels at 24 h, after which time the label decreased steadily, whereas in fat it increased. After a 12-week feeding experiment, with doses of 288.8 μg/kg corresponding to an intake of 4 ppm in feed each 48 h, the DNA in liver and kidneys was investigated for damage. By the alkaline elution method combined with micro-spectrofluorimetric determinations of DNA, evidence for DNA single-strand breaks was obtained. These findings support reports on the carcinogenic action of OTA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 244 (1986), S. 395-401 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Kidney ; Nephron segmentation ; Zonulae occludentes ; Gap junctions ; Freeze fracture ; Teleosts (Salmo gairdneri Rich.)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cell junctions in the renal tubule of the fresh-water rainbow trout were studied with thin-section and freeze-fracture techniques. Gap junctions were restricted to the proximal tubule, which is consistent with other vertebrate classes. Segments I and II of the proximal tubule and the collecting tubule/collecting duct system exhibited a well-developed zonula occludens with anastomosing strands. The distal segment showed a narrow zonula occludens composed of few parallel strands. The structure of the occluding junctions along the renal tubule of this teleost displays several similarities with the pattern of the zonulae occludentes in the amphibian and the mammalian nephron. From these observations, in conjunction with available data from other vertebrate classes, it can be concluded that in the proximal tubule the development of a deep and complex zonula occludens is a general feature of cold-blooded vertebrates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 12
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Proximal tubule ; Atrophy ; Quantitative changes ; Obstructive nephropathy ; Kidney ; Pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Kidneys of pigs with various degrees of induced chronic obstructive nephropathy were studied by light- and electron microscopy to assess the structural changes of proximal convoluted tubules with increasing degrees of atrophy. A particular aim was to evaluate the quantitative relationship between proximal tubular and interstitial changes in early tubular atrophy. The kidneys were subjected to varying degrees of ureteral obstruction and were fixed by in vivo vascular perfusion. Quantitative (morphometric) analyses were carried out on montages of electron micrographs representing randomly selected cortical areas and cross sections of individual proximal convoluted tubules. The results demonstrated that ureteral obstruction was followed by significant reductions in proximal tubular epithelium, in volume of proximal tubular mitochondria and in surface area of proximal tubular basolateral membranes. These changes were present even in the absence of any demonstrable increase in cortical interstitium or alterations in the relationships between proximal tubules and peritubular capillaries. With increase in the volume of cortical interstitium the proximal tubules were further simplified in ultra-structure with a reduced number of interdigitating lateral cell processes. Concomitantly there were significant quantitative changes in the spatial associations between tubules and capillaries due to increase in tubulo-capillary distances. The present study shows that ultrastructural changes in proximal tubules during early atrophy precede the volume increase in cortical interstitium associated with chronic obstructive nephropathy. It is suggested that the early tubular changes are due to decreased functional loads, whereas the further progression of tubular atrophy may be a result of impaired nourishment of the tubular cells due to increased interstitial tissue and altered relationships between tubules and capillaries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 244 (1986), S. 493-499 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Endothelium ; Capillaries ; Kidney ; Ultrastructure ; Mouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A new endothelial cell structure, named the endothelial pocket, has been found by combined transmission and scanning electron microscopic studies of renal peritubular capillaries. Transmission EM observations made on these and other fenestrated capillaries demonstrated that each pocket consists of an attenuated fold of fenestrated endothelium that projects 200 nm into the lumen above the rest of the endothelial surface. Beneath this luminal fold, there is a space and then another layer of fenestrated endothelium which abuts the basal lamina. The linear density of endothelial pockets was measured in the capillaries of the kidney cortex, intestinal mucosa and exocrine pancreas in mice and determined to be 0.067, 0.017 and 0.007 pockets·μm-1 respectively. Cationic ferritin decoration of the anionic sites on the luminal surface of the endothelium in these capillary beds revealed that both unlabelled and labelled diaphragms are clustered. In such specimens, the majority of the luminal diaphragms on endothelial pockets did not have cationic ferritin binding sites detectable by either scanning or transmission EM. On this account as well as on account of their general morphology, endothelial pockets appear to be multifold versions of the simple transendothelial channel.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 14
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Histamine ; Histamine N-methyltransferase ; Immunohistochemistry ; Kidney ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Histamine N-methyltransferase (S-adenosylmethionine: histamine N-methyltransferase, E.C. 2.1.1.8) was purified to homogeneity from rat kidney, and antibody was raised against it in guinea pigs. The antibody immunoprecipitated histamine N-methyltransferase. Immunofluorescent histochemical studies with anti-histamine N-methyltransferase antibody as the first antibody and goat antiguinea pig IgG conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate as the second, showed the presence of immunoreactive structures in the proximal tubules of rat kidney. The brain showed no immunoreaction with the antibody.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 15
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Kidney ; Aldosterone ; Tubular Sodium Reabsorption ; Proximal Tubule ; Sodium Chloride Loading ; Niere ; Aldosteron ; tubuläre Natriumresorption ; proximaler Tubulus ; Natriumchloridbelastung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ratten erhielten 4 Wochen lang isotone Kochsalzlösung als Trinkflüssigkeit. Glomerulumfiltrat und Passagezeit von Lissamin-Grün im proximalen Tubulus blieben unverändert. Die spezifische Resorptionskapazität des Tubulusepithels — gemessen mit der „gespaltenen-Tropfen-Methode“ — nahm signifikant ab. Daraus ergab sich eine Verminderung der fraktionellen Natrium-und Wasserresorption im proximalen Tubulus von 51 auf 38% der gefilterten Menge. Die Na+-Ausscheidung stieg von 0,06 (Kontrollen) auf 1,25% der gefilterten Menge. Diese Veränderungen waren rückgängig zu machen durch Injektion von d-Aldosteron. Durch Bestimmung des TF/P-Inulin-Quotienten am Ende des proximalen Konvolutes wurden die Ergebnisse bestätigt. Es wird angenommen, daß die Resorptionshemmung im proximalen Tubulus bei chronischer Kochsalzbelastung durch verminderte Sekretion von Mineralocorticoiden bedingt und letzten Endes Ursache der vermehrten Na+-Ausscheidung ist. Ein Teil der proximalen Resorptionshemmung wird anscheinend in weiter distal gelegenen Nephron-Abschnitten kompensiert.
    Notes: Summary Rats were kept on isotonic saline as drinking fluid for a period of 4 weeks. Glomerular filtration rate and proximal transit time of Lissamine green remained unchanged. The intrinsic reabsorptive capacity of the proximal tubular epithelium—measured by the “shrinking-droplet-method”—decreased significantly. As a result, fractional proximal reabsorption of sodium and water decreased from 51 to 38 per cent of the filtered load. Sodium excretion rose from 0.06 (controls) to 1,25 per cent of the filtered load. These changes were reversible by injection of d-aldosterone. The results were confirmed by measuring the TF/P ratio of inulin at the end of the proximal convolution. The results indicate that in rats chronically loaded with salt, the inhibition of fractional proximal reabsorption is due to a decreased secretion of mineralocorticoids, and is the cause of the higher sodium excretion. Apparently, the decreased proximal reabsorption is partly compensated in more distal parts of the nephron.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 16
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Kidney ; Concentration ; Dialysis ; Urea ; Electrolytes ; Niere ; Konzentrierung ; Dialyse ; Harnstoff ; Elektrolyte
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Um den Einfluß des Plasmaharnstoffspiegels auf die Konzentrierfähigkeit der Niere zu untersuchen, wird der Blutkreislauf von Ratten an eine Dialysiervorrichtung angeschlossen und der Harnstoffspiegel des Blutes für 3 Std durch Dialyse gegen eine harnstoffreie Spüllösung gesenkt. Gleichzeitig wird der Harnfluß der Tiere durch eine Regelanordnung konstant gehalten. Die Regelung wird dadurch erreicht, daß dem Blutkreislauf bei zu hohem Harnfluß automatisch Flüssigkeit entzogen und bei zu niedrigem Harnfluß Flüssigkeit zugeführt wird. Es wird gefunden, daß die Harnstoffkonzentrationen im Harn linear mit dem Plasmaharnstoffspiegel abfallen bzw. ansteigen. Die Summe der Elektrolytkonzentrationen fällt dagegen mit dem Plasmaharnstoffspiegel nur wenig ab. Falls ein völliger Harnstoffentzug möglich wäre, würde auch dann noch eine Konzentrierung der Elektrolyte auf mehr als doppelt isoton möglich sein. Die Ergebnisse der Untersuchung lassen sich am einfachsten mit der Annahme interpretieren, daß in der Niere der Ratte zwei unterschiedlich arbeitende Konzentrierungsmechanismen wirksam sind, von denen der eine im wesentlichen Elektrolyte, der andere im wesentlichen Harnstoff konzentriert. Der Konzentrierungsmechanismus für Elektrolyte könnte im äußeren Mark, der für Harnstoff im inneren Mark lokalisiert sein.
    Notes: Summary To investigate the influence of plasma urea levels on the concentrating power of the kidney, the blood circulation of rats was connected to a dialyser; with dialysis against a urea-free cleaning solution, the urea level of the blood was lowered for three hours. During this, the urine flow of the animals was kept constant by a regulating arrangement. This control was achieved by removing fluid from the blood circulation in the case of too high urine flow and by putting in fluid in the case of too low urine flow. It was found that the concentration of urea in the urine had a direct linear relationship with the plasma urea level. The total electrolyte concentration fell only slightly compared to the plasma urea level falls. If the urea could have been completely removed, high concentrating of the electrolyte, to more than double isotonic, would still have been possible. The simplest way to interpret the results of this research is by the hypothesis that two different concentrating mechanisms are at work in the rat kidney, the one essentially concentrating electrolytes, and the other principally urea. The concentrating mechanism for electrolytes could be localised in the outer medulla, and for urea in the inner medulla.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 17
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Kidney ; Concentration ; Infusion ; Urea ; Electrolytes ; Niere ; Konzentrierung ; Infusion ; Harnstoff ; Elektrolyte
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Um die gegenseitige Beeinflussung von Harnstoff und NaCl bei der Bildung eines konzentrierten Harns zu untersuchen, werden Ratten 2 Tage lang NaCl-Lösungen mit wechselndem Harnstoffgehalt infundiert. Sodann werden der Harn sowie das Gewebe der Nierenrinde, des äußeren Marks und des inneren Marks auf ihren Gehalt an Kalium, Natrium und Harnstoff analysiert. Es wird gefunden, daß die Konzentrierfähigkeit der Rattenniere unter diesen Versuchsbedingungen für NaCl bei gleichzeitiger Zufuhr von Harnstoff geringer wird. In der Niere steigen NaCl und Harnstoffkonzentrationen unter allen Infusionsbedingungen von der Nierenrinde zur Nierenpapille hin an. Bei Infusion reiner NaCl-Lösungen entsprechen die NaCl- und Harnstoffkonzentrationen im Harn denen in der Papille. Bei Infusion von harnstoffhaltigen NaCl-Lösungen sind im Harn die NaCl-Konzentrationen höher und die Harnstoffkonzentrationen niedriger als im Papillengewebe. Diese Ergebnisse schließen aus, daß die hohen Harnstoffkonzentrationen im Nierenmarkgewebe durch einfache Diffusion des Harnstoffes aus den Sammelrohren in das Nierenmarkgewebe zustande kommen. Es wird die Möglichkeit diskutiert, daß die Harnstoffkonzentrierung unter den hier wiedergegebenen Versuchsbedingungen durch Gegenstromdiffusion in dem Vasa recta-System verursacht wird. Der Konzentriereffekt hierfür könnte durch einen Wasserfluß aufgrund osmotischer Kräfte von dem Blutgefäßsystem in die Henleschen Schleifen zustande kommen, wenn der Harn in den Henleschen Schleifen durch Aufnahme von NaCl, das aus den Sammelrohren stammt, hyperton wird.
    Notes: Summary To investigate the mutual interdependence of urea and sodium in producing concentrated urine, solutions of different concentrations of sodium and urea were infused into the stomach of rats. After two days' infusion, the urine and tissues from the different zones of the kidneys were analysed for sodium, potassium and urea content. It was found that the efficiency of the rat kidney in producing urine with high sodium content was diminished if urea was infused together with the sodium chloride. Under all conditions sodium and urea concentrations increased from the cortex to the papilla of the kidneys. When pure sodium chloride solutions were infused, sodium and urea concentrations in the urine were nearly equal to the corresponding concentrations in the papilla. Infusion of solutions containing NaCl and urea caused production of urine with a higher sodium concentration and lower urea concentration than in the papilla. These results show that the high concentration of urea in the medulla of the kidney does not arise by passives diffusion of urea from the collecting ducts into the medullary tissue. The possibility that the concentration of urea in the inner medulla is produced by counter current diffusion of urea in the vasa recta is discussed. The concentration effect necessary for this counter current multiplication could be created by an osmotic flow of water from the vasa recta into loops of Henle, if the urine in the loops becomes hypertonic by taking up sodium chloride from the collecting ducts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 18
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Tubules ; Kidney ; Intraluminal Oil Injection ; Ultrastructure of Kidney ; Proximales Tubuluskonvolut ; Rattenniere ; intraluminale Ölinjektion ; Ultrastruktur der Niere
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Light- and electronmicroscopic evaluation of proximal convolutions of the rat kidney were made following injection with either mineral oil or castor oil. The following observations were made: 1. Injection of mineral oil does not result in a complete blockade of the tubular lumen and leads to morphological lesions of epithelial cells. 2. Injection of the more viscous castor oil, in contrast, leads to a dilatation of the tubular lumen and a compression of the brush border of proximal tubular cells. Thus a better blockade of longitudinal flow is achieved. A toxic effect of castor oil on the tubular epithelium could not be detected. Mechanical lesions, similar to those observed after mineral oil injection, were less frequent. They consisted in a penetration of oil into the cells, perhaps as consequence of the tubular dilatation. 3. In oil-injected proximal tubular segments the following cytologic phenomena were observed: a) a cessation of the normal pinocytosis, which is induced in the presence of tubular fluid, b) simultaneously the “large resorption vacuoles” disappear, indicating that they originate from confluence of pinocytotic vesicles, c) in dilated tubules protein resorption vacuoles are found to have ruptured towards the tubular lumen suggesting a high hydrostatic pressure within the vacuoles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 19
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Kidney ; Experimental Hypertension ; Tubular Sodium Reabsorption ; Tubular Water Reabsorption ; Henle's Loop ; Niere ; experimenteller Hochdruck ; tubuläre Natriumresorption ; tubuläre Wasserresorption ; Henlesche Schleife
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 4 Wochen nach Klammerung einer Nierenarterie war der Perfusionsdruck der geklammerten Niere normal, während der arterielle Mitteldruck auf 188 mm Hg angestiegen war. Die Ausscheidung von Natrium und Wasser im Harn der geklammerten Niere war normal, im Harn der ungeklammerten Niere erheblich höher als normal. Glomerulumfiltrat (pro g Niere), intratubulärer Druck, Tubulusweite, Passagezeit von Lissamingrün und die fraktionelle Resorption von Natrium und Wasser waren im proximalen Tubulus sowohl in der geklammerten wie in der ungeklammerten Niere normal. In der ungeklammerten Niere war die Passagezeit durch die Henlesche Schleife stark verkürzt und die Resorption von Natrium und Wasser in der Schleife erheblich vermindert. Diese Veränderungen — obwohl zum Teil kompensiert durch vermehrte Resorption im distalen Tubulus und im Sammelrohr — sind verantwortlich für die höhere Wasser- und Natriumausscheidung der ungeklammerten Niere. Die Ursache ist wahrscheinlich eine stärkere Durchblutung des Nierenmarkes. Im Nephron der geklammerten Niere war die fraktionelle Natrium- und Wasserresorption nicht signifikant von normalen Werten verschieden mit der Ausnahme einer niedrigeren Natriumresorption im distalen Tubulus und einer höheren Natriumresorption im Sammelrohr. Der Natrium-Transport im distalen Tubulus ist anscheinend gestört; TF/P−Na+ betrug im Mittel 0,6 bis zum Ende des distalen Tubulus. Die Ergebnisse können die unterschiedliche Harnausscheidung erklären, die beim Hypertoniker mit einseitiger Nierenarterienstenose beobachtet wird (Howard-Test).
    Notes: Summary Four weeks after clamping one renal artery, the perfusion pressure of the clamped kidney was normal whereas the mean arterial pressure had increased to 188 mm Hg. Urinary excretion of sodium and water of the clamped kidney had not changed while that of the untouched kidney increased considerably. Glomerular filtration rate (per g kidney), intratubular pressure, tubular diameter, transit time of Lissamine green and fractional sodium and water reabsorption of the proximal tubule were normal in both the clamped and the untouched kidney. In the untouched kidney, the transit time through Henle's loop was shortened and the sodium and water reabsorption in it was significantly reduced. These changes, although partly compensated by higher reabsorption in the distal tubule and collecting duct, are responsible for the increased sodium and water excretion of the untouched kidney. They are probably due to an increased medullary blood flow. In the clamped kidney, fractional sodium and water reabsorption of the whole nephron did not differ significantly from normal values. However, sodium reabsorption was lower in the distal tubule and higher in the collecting duct. Sodium transport in the distal tubule seemed to be impaired; throughout its length sodium TF/P ratio averaged 0.6. These results may explain the different urinary excretion found in human hypertension following unilateral renal artery stenosis (Howard-Test).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 20
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Kidney ; Fluxes ; Osmotic Gradients ; Niere ; Flüssigkeits-Substanzbewegungen ; osmotische Gradienten
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Durch artifizielle osmotische Druckdifferenzen von 150 mOsmol/l zwischen Lumen- und Blutseite der Tubulusepithelien von Rana ridibunda wird Flüssigkeit im Richtungssinne der Reabsorption oder — in geringerem Maße — der Sekretion längs des osmotischen Gradienten bewegt. Na+ wird in jedem Fall „trocken” reabsorbiert. Bei mit Furosemid blockiertem aktiven Na+-Transport läuft isoton Flüssigkeit längs des osmotischen Gradienten aus dem Tubuluslumen in das blutseitige Medium. Bei umgekehrt gerichtetem Gradienten wird das Filtrat so verändert, als ob es durch Einstrom reinen Wassers verdünnt würde. Die Tubulusepithelien verhalten sich so, als besäßen sie — im Zustand des blockierten aktiven Na+-Transportes — ein „Rückschlagventil” für Na+. Wenn der osmotische Gradient so gerichtet ist, daß Wasser oder Flüssigkeit aus dem Lumen in das blutseitige Medium läuft, dann kommt es bei umgekehrt gerichtetem Na+-Konzentrationsgradienten nicht zum Einstrom von Na+ in das Tubuluslumen. Die Na+-Harnkonzentration sinkt beträchtlich unter die des Perfusates, was als Ausdruck einer Na+-Reabsorption gegen den Konzentrationsgradienten gedeutet wird. Bei Blockierung des Na+-Transportes durch Furosemid kommt es wiederum zum Einstrom reinen Wassers in die Tubuluslumina. Die Versuche mit durch Furosemid blockiertem Na+-Transportmechanismus sind beweisend, daß die Tubuli für Na+ im Richtungssinne der Sekretion impermeabel sind. Die „Verdünnung” des Tubulusinhaltes durch einen osmotischen Gradienten, der Wasser in die Tubuli hineinlaufen läßt, kommt also nicht durch ein Überwiegen der Reabsorption über die „Sekretion” zustande. Wird statt des leicht penetrierenden Na-Chlorids das schwer penetrierende Natriumcyclohexansulfamat angeboten, dann wird absolut gegenüber den Versuchen mit Na-Chlorid weniger Na+ transportiert. Im übrigen zeigen die Nieren jedoch das gleiche Verhalten wie bei Angebot von Na-Chlorid.
    Notes: Summary Osmotic gradients of 150 mosmol/l between intratubular fluid and blood in the kidney of Rana ridibunda induce a fluid movement down the osmotic gradient which is stronger into the tubule than out of it. In either case Na+ is reabsorbed “dry”. If the active Na+-transport is blocked by Furosemid an osmotically downhill movement of isotonic fluid out of the tubule obtains. Reversal of the osmotic gradient induces a reversal of flow but the inward moving fluid is diluted. The tubular cells seem to inhibit the backwash of Na+. If the osmotic gradient induces an outflow of fluid out of the tubule no influx of Na+ occurs even in the presence of a concentration gradient for Na+ in the opposite direction. The Na+-concentration in the urine falls considerably below that of the perfusion fluid. This finding indicates Na+-reabsorption against a concentration gradient. Upon blocking of the Na+-transport by Furosemid water enters the tubules. The results of the experiments in which the Na+-transport was blocked by Furosemid prove that the tubules are impermeable for Na+ in the direction of secretion. The “dilution” of the tubular fluid as a result of an osmotic gradient which induces an influx of water isnot due to a reabsorption outbalancing “secretion”. If instead of the easily penetrating NaCl the slowly penetrating Na+-cyclohexanesulphamate is used, less Na+ is transported. However, in every other respect the results obtained are similar to those described above.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 304 (1968), S. 336-350 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Kidney ; Experimental Hypertension ; Distal Tubular Sodium Reabsorption ; Distal Osmolality ; Tubular Potassium Secretion ; Niere ; experimenteller Hochdruck ; distale Natrium resorption ; distale Osmolalität ; tubuläre Kaliumsekretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Vier Wochen nach Klammerung einer Nierenarterie wurde die Funktion des distalen Tubulus untersucht. In der ungeklammerten, unter dem hohen Blutdruck stehenden Niere blieb die Tubulusflüssigkeit bis 90% distaler Tubuluslänge hypoton. Dies wird auf eine erhöhten Flüssigkeitseinstrom aus der Henleschen Schleife zurückgeführt; eine verminderte Wasserpermeabilität des distalen Tubulus konnte nicht nachgewiesen werden. In der geklammerten Niere war mit Ausnahme des frühdistalen Abschnittes die Natriumkonzentration on jeder Stelle des distalen Konvolutes signifikant höher als in der ungeklammerten Niere und in Kontrollnieren. Auch fehlte im distalen Tubulus der geklammerten Niere eine Nettokaliumsekretion. die distale Gleichgewichtskonzentration für Natrium war auf der geklammerten Seite erhöht, auf der ungeklammerten Seite normal. Der isotone Natriumausstrom (Methode des gespaltenen Tropfens) war in der geklammerten Niere vermindert, in der ungeklammerten Niere erhöht. Die frühdistale Harnstoffkonzentration war in der ungeklammerten Niere gegenüber der geklammerten Niere und Nieren von Kontrollratten erniedrigt. Spätdistal war TF/P-Harnstoff in beiden Nieren gleich. Beide Nieren hatten ein normales Glomerulumfiltrat und normale tubuläre Passagezeiten mit Ausnahme einer verkürzten Schleifenzeit in der ungeklammerten Niere. Die Befunde werden dahingehend interpretiert, daß der aktive Natriumtransport im distalen Tubulus der beiden Nieren voneinander verschieden ist, möglicherweise infolge des unterschiedlichen Reningehaltes der beiden Nieren.
    Notes: Summary Four weeks after constricting one renal artery distal tubular function was studied using the micropuncture technique. In the untouched kidney tubular fluid remained hypotonic up to 90% distal tubular length. We believe this to be the result of the high inflow of tubular fluid from Henle's loop. A reduced permeability for water could not be demonstrated. Except for the early part of the distal tubule there was a marked increase in sodium concentration in the clamped kidney as compared to values obtained in the untouched one and in kindneys of control animals. In addition no potassium secretion could be observed in the clamped kidney. The distal steadystate concentration for sodium was increased in the clamped kidney and normal in the untouched one. Reabsorptive half-time, measured by the split droplet technique, was prolonged in the clamped kidney and shortened in the untouched one. Early distal urea concentration was lower in the untouched kidney than in the clamped one and in control kidneys, while at the end of the distal tubule urea concentrations did not differ significantly. Both kidneys had normal glomerular filtration rates and proximal tubular transit times, whereas a shortened transit time through Henle's loop of the untouched kidney was found. The results indicate that active sodium transport in the distal tubule of the clamped kidney differs from that of the untouched one, possibly due to the different renin concentration in both kidneys.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 305 (1968), S. 96-104 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Blood Circulation Time ; Kidney ; Plasma ; Radioautography ; Radioisotope Dilution Technique ; Regional Blood Flow ; Mittlere Kreislaufzeit ; Niere ; Plasma ; Autoradiographie ; Isotopenverdünnungstechnik ; Regionale Nierendurchblutung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary At different times after injection into the renal artery of131I-albumin, the distribution of the tracer in kidneys of the rabbit and the dog was illustrated by a series of autoradiograms. In order to determine the mean circulation time for albumin in the kidney, the radioactivity over the kidney was simultaneously registered by external monitoring. A short mean circulation time was measured for albumin (plasma) passing cortex, and a longer one for that fraction of the albumin that passed through medulla, papillae, and capsule. The investigation rendered probable that the mean circulation time for blood through the kidney determined by the external technique applies to blood passing cortex. The circulation times for blood through medulla, papillae, and capsule are not included in the calculation of the mean circulation time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 23 (1968), S. 245-249 
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Bone ; Strontium poisoning ; Parathormone ; Kidney ; Knochen ; Strontiumvergiftung ; Parathormon ; Niere
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Restitution des strontiumgeschädigten Skelets wachsender Sprague Dawley Ratten ist von einem Anstieg der dialysablen Strontium- und Calciumfraktion des Serums begleitet. Die Ergebnisse legen eine Beeinflussung der renalen Manipulation von Kationen bei Knochenschädigungen durch Fremdmetalle nahe.
    Notes: Summary Restitution of skeletal damage caused by strontium in growing Sprague Dawley rats is accompanied by an increase in the dialysable serum fractions of strontium and calcium. The results suggest that the renal manipulation of cations is influenced in bone lesions caused by foreign metals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Clinical and experimental medicine 145 (1968), S. 270-277 
    ISSN: 1591-9528
    Keywords: Aldosterone ; Kidney ; Stop flow dog ; Aldosteron ; Niere ; Stop flow-Hund
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mit Stop flow-Versuchen an Hunden konnten wir nach Infusion von 1,2-3H-18-Aldosteronglucuronid im Gegensatz zur Infusion von freiem 1,2-3H-Aldosteron keine proximale Sekretion von 1,2-3H-18-Aldosteronglucuronid nachweisen. Daraus kann geschlossen werden, daß in Hundenieren die proximalen Tubuluszellen wohl 18-Aldosteronglucuronid aus Aldosteron bilden und an das Tubuluslumen abgeben, während im Nierenarterienblut vorhandenes 18-Aldosteronglucuronid nur glomerulär filtriert und ausgeschieden wird.
    Notes: Summary In stop flow experiments during infusion of 1,2-3H-18-aldosterone glucuronide there was no proximal tubular secretion of this metabolite in contrary to experiments during infusion of 1,2-3H-aldosterone. The discrepancy must be explained by formation of 1,2-3H-aldosterone glucuronide out of3H-aldosterone in proximal tubular cells, while the 1,2-3H-18-aldosterone glucuronide in the plasma of the renal artery blood is only filtered in the glomerulum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Clinical and experimental medicine 146 (1968), S. 336-345 
    ISSN: 1591-9528
    Keywords: Aldosterone ; Kidney ; Man ; Aldosteron ; Niere ; Mensch
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Auf Grund eines Vergleiches der Verhältnisse von 1,2-3HTetrahydroaldosteronglucuronid zu 1,2-3H-18-Aldosteronglucuronid im Plasma von drei Normalpersonen und zwei nephrektomierten Patienten nach einer Injektion von 1,2-3H-Aldosteron haben wir folgende Schlüsse in Betracht gezogen: 1. Das im Blutplasma vorhandene 1,2-3H-18-Aldosteronglucuronid wird nur glomerular filtriert. 2. Die renale Clearance von 18-Aldosteronglucuronid, die etwa das Fünffache der Inulinclearance beträgt [13, 15], mu\ zu vier Fünfteln auf Bildung von 18-Aldosteronglucuronid durch die proximalen [15] Tubuluszellen zurückgeführt werden. 3. Das Ausma\ der renalen Bildung von 18-Aldosteronglucuronid liegt in einer Grö\enordnung von 80% der Gesamtmenge 18-Aldosteronglucuronid im 24 StdUrin.
    Notes: Summary After an intravenous injection of 1,2-3H-aldosterone the ratios of 1,23H-tetrahydroaldosterone glucuronide to 1,2-3H-aldosterone glucuronide in the blood plasma of three normal and two nephrectomized persons were compared. In the three normal persons the ratios were of the same magnitude as in the two nephrectomized persons. On the basis of glomerular filtration of tetrahydroaldosterone glucuronide, as previously demonstrated by renal clearance studies in man [13, 15] and stop flow experiments in dogs [6], we made the following deductions: 1. 18aldosterone glucuronide in blood plasma is only filtered in the glomerulum. 2. The renal clearance of 18-aldosterone glucuronide, as investigated during aldosterone infusion in man [13, 15], therefore must be explained by glomerular filtration of only one fifth and by formation of four fifth of 18-aldosterone glucuronide by proximal [15] tubular cells. 3. This means that about 80% of 18-aldosterone glucuronide excreted in urine is formed by the kidneys.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 26
    ISSN: 1591-9528
    Keywords: Plasma FFA composition ; Individual FFA extraction in heart ; Skeletal muscle ; Kidney ; Plasma-FFS-Zusammensetzung ; Extraktion der Einzel-FFS in Herz ; Skeletmuskel ; Niere
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei narkotisierten Hunden wurden die arteriovenösen Differenzen der gesamten und der einzelnen freien Fettsäuren (FFS) am Herzen, am elektrisch stimulierten Skeletmuskel (M. gastrocnemius) und an der Niere bei verschieden hoher arterieller FFS-Konzentration untersucht. Die Konzentration der gesamten FFS wurde titrimetrisch, ihre Zusammensetzung wurde gaschromatographisch bestimmt. Bei einer Steigerung der FFS-Konzentration durch Noradrenalininfusionen stiegen die Anteile der öl- und der Palmitinsäure an, und die Anteile der Stearin- und der Linolsäure sanken ab. Bei einer Senkung der FFS-Konzentration durch Glucoseinfusionen nahmen die Anteile der öl- und der Palmitoleinsäure ab, und die Anteile der Palmitin- und der Stearinsäure nahmen zu. Unter Kontrollbedingungen entfielen am Herzen 44% der gesamten FFS-Extraktion auf die öl- und 24% auf die Palmitinsäure, am Skeletmuskel entfielen 43% auf die öl- und 29% auf die Palmitinsäure. Bei einer Steigerung der arteriellen FFS-Konzentration durch Noradrenalin extrahierten Herz- und Skeletmuskel nur noch öl-, Palmitin- und Palmitoleinsäure. Gleichzeitig wurde im Herz Stearin- und Linolsäure und im Skeletmuskel Stearinsäure produziert. In der Niere entfielen unter Kontrollbedingungen je 40% der Gesamt-FFS-Extraktion auf die Palmitin- und die ölsäure. Es wird gefolgert, daß die öl-, die Palmitin- und die Palmitoleinsäure gegenüber den anderen FFS bevorzugt als Energiequellen benutzt werden, weil bei gleicher arterieller Konzentration höhere Extraktionen für diese drei FFS gemessen wurden. Noradrenalin bewirkt, wahrscheinlich durch Aktivierung von Lipase, im Herzen und im arbeitenden Skeletmuskel einen Abbau von gespeicherten oder im Plasma transportierten Triglyceriden.
    Notes: Summary The arteriovenous differences of total and individual free fatty acids (FFA) have been determined in the myocardium, in the electrically stimulated skeletal muscle (gastrocnemius) and in the kidney of closed chest anesthetized dogs. The concentration of total FFA was determined by titration, their composition was determined by gaschromatography. When the arterial concentration of total FFA was increased by norepinephrine infusions the percentage of olic and of palmitic acid increased and the percentage of stearic and linolic acid decreased. When the concentration of total FFA was decreased by glucose infusions the percentage of olic and palmitolic acid decreased and the percentage of palmitic and stearic acid increased. Under control conditions in the myocardium 44% of the total FFA extraction were related to olic and 24% to palmitic acid and in the skeletal muscle 43% were related to olic and 29% to palmitic acid. During norepinephrine induced increases of arterial FFA concentration myocardium and skeletal muscle extracted only olic, palmitic and palmitolic acid. At the same time in the myocardium stearic and linolic acid and in the skeletal muscle stearic acid was produced. In the kidney under control conditions 40% of the total FFA extraction were related to palmitic and 40% to olic acid. Since the extraction of olic, palmitic and palmitolic acid was higher than the extraction of other FFA at comparable arterial concentrations, it is concluded, that these three FFA are used in preference to other FFA as energy sources. Norepinephrine causes, probably via activation of lipase, in the myocardium and in the working skeletal muscle a breakdown of stored or in plasma transported triglycerides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...