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  • 1965-1969  (633)
  • 1920-1924
  • 1968  (329)
  • 1966  (304)
  • 1920
  • Industrial Chemistry  (599)
  • Cerebellum  (20)
  • Psychopharmacology  (14)
Material
Years
  • 1965-1969  (633)
  • 1920-1924
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 5 (1968), S. 326-340 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Subcellular fractionation ; Parallel fiber axons ; Cerebellum ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fractionation of the cat cerebellum has revealed that the parallel fibers of the cerebellar cortex break into two types of fragments which can be recognized in thin sections and in suspensions of negatively stained material. Fragmented material correlates well with electron micrographs of parallel fibers in situ. Parallel fiber axons and their bulbous presynaptic expansions sediment mainly into two subfractions. One unique layer consists of the intersynaptic tubular pieces of parallel fiber axons. Another layer is enriched in the synaptic portions which make contact with Purkinje spines. The possible contaminants of these fractions are discussed. These fractions may permit analysis of the chemical organization of conducting vis à vis synaptic membranes from a known anatomical source. This material was presented as a preliminary report at the Sixth Annual Meeting of the American Society for Cell Biology, November 1966, and is contained in J. Cell. Biol. 31, 52A, 1966.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 6 (1968), S. 49-68 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cerebellum ; Granule cell ; Necrosis ; Synapse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Granule cell necrosis was produced in rats by thiophen injection. The earliest detectable change was the formation of blebs in the perinuclear cisternae. This was followed by precipitation of the nuclear chromatin and rupture of the cell membrane. Removal of the cell debris was accomplished by phagocytic cells in the walls of small blood vessels, hematogenous macrophages and astrocytes. Many of the mossy fiber endings and some of the Golgi II cells degenerated secondarily. The degenerated presynaptic contacts of the parallel fibers were replaced by processes of the Bergmann glia which completely surrounded the Purkinje cell spines. These spines retained their usual appearance including the usual thickening of the post synaptic membrane. Implications of these findings are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cerebellum ; Climbing fiber input ; Somatotopy of climbing fiber input
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Volleys in group I and II fibers of muscle nerves and group II fibers of cutaneous, joint and fascial nerves have evoked CF responses in the anterior lobe of the cerebellum. In the pars intermedia there is a fairly sharp somatotopic localization of the forelimb CF responses to the Vth lobule (Larsell) and the hindlimb to the IVth and IIIrd lobules. In the vermis there is much more admixture, with the hindlimb-evoked responses tending to dominate in the lateral vermis of the Vth lobule, and the forelimb more medially. In the IVth and IIIrd lobules forelimb responses were rare and were never large. In the medial vermis up to 1–1.7 mm from the midline there were no CF-evoked responses from the limb nerves. These distributions of CF-evoked responses are remarkably different from those reported by Oscarsson, and consideration is given to the factors responsible for this discrepancy. A more detailed examination was made of the CF-evoked responses from a large variety of hindlimb and forelimb nerves. Observations were made along many tracks usually arranged in a transverse plane, and it was found that between different recording sites along the same track or along adjacent tracks, there was a great deal of variation in the relative magnitudes of the CF-evoked responses from the different nerves. These distributions have an ill-defined patchy character so that at any focus there is opportunity for the most diverse kinds of piecemeal integration. These findings on the CF-input are considered in relationship to the mossy fiber input. It is pointed out that the pathways conveying CF-input to the cerebellum have a level of discriminative input adequate for the operation of fine control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cerebellum ; Cerebrum ; Somatotopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Stimulation of forelimb and hindlimb areas of the sensorimotor cortex in the cat evokes in the lobus anterior of the cerebellum an early response at latency of 3–3.5 msec due to the mossy fibre input (MF) and a later response at latency of 13–16 msec due to the climbing fibre (CF) input. In the pars intermedia these two types of responses are organized in a somatotopic manner: the hindlimb area projects in lobuli HIV and HIII whereas the forelimb area projects to lobulus HV. In the vermis a somatotopic arrangement is less clear. Both forelimb and hindlimb areas of the sensorimotor cortex project to lobuli III, IV and V: on a maintained somatotopy in a caudo-rostral direction there is a tendency for the hindlimb area of the sensorimotor cortex to be well represented in a longitudinal strip close to the paravermal sulcus. This arrangement in the vermis is evident for the CF pathways, but more difficult to demonstrate for the MF pathways. The forelimb area of the sensorimotor cortex projects to those areas of the lobus anterior impinged upon by the forelimb nerves through both the MF and CF systems and the same holds true for the hindlimb area and the hindlimb nerves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cerebellum ; Evoked responses ; Mossy fibers ; Climbing fibers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Responses were evoked in the anterior lobe of the cerebellum by volleys in group I and II fibers of forelimb and hindlimb nerves — cutaneous, muscular, joint and fascial. These responses have been observed along microelectrode tracks that traverse the whole depth of the anterior lobe. These tracks have been identified in histological sections, and the recording sites along these tracks have been determined. It has been shown that there are many distinguishing features for the responses produced by the two types of afferent input to the cerebellum: climbing fibers and mossy fibers. The depth profiles are of particular importance in the differentiation of the CF and MF responses, and they correspond to those already determined for the exposed surface areas of the cerebellar cortex. As would be expected from the distribution of synapses by the CF fibers to the Purkinje cell dendrites, there is a maximum extracellular negativity deep in the molecular layer with sources superficial and deep thereto. In contrast, the mossy fiber input produces a powerful synaptic excitation in the granular layer, which is recorded there as a negative wave (N2). The mossy fiber input by sequential relay also produces a negative wave (N3) in the molecular layer. This wave is distinguished from the CF-evoked negative wave because it is not reversed in the fissura and the adjacent superficial molecular layer. An important distinguishing feature of the MF- and CF-evoked responses is that the latencies of the former are shorter by 6–12 msec for forelimb nerves and by 9–15 msec for hindlimb nerves. It is thus possible to measure the sizes of the MF and CF responses in the same traces. Another distinguishing feature is the failure of the CF responses with stimulus frequencies of 5–15/sec, whereas the MF-evoked potentials are well maintained above 15/sec. Also CF-evoked responses show much more size and latency variance than the MF-evoked responses, and often the facilitation of two or three volleys is required in order to evoke a stable CF response. By utilizing these various tests it is always possible to distinguish between the CF- and the MF-evoked responses recorded along the microelectrode tracks in the anterior lobe.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 5 (1968), S. 32-44 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Gangliosides ; Hippocampus ; Cerebellum ; Synapses ; Neuronal membranes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of gangliosides in serial cryostat sections of area CA2 of the ox hippocampus cut parallel to the ventricular surface and of a cerebellar folium cut parallel to the pial surfaces have been determined utilizing a fluorimetric method for analysis of N-acetylneuraminic acid. Wide differences in the ganglioside content, even in adjacent sections, were found within the various laminae, particularly in the molecular layers of the hippocampus and cerebellum. The variations in ganglioside concentrations largely disappeared when sections were cut so as to include all the laminae in one section. Average ganglioside concentrations per unit of dry weight were highest in the granular cell and molecular layers of the cerebellum, but in the hippocampus the highest values were obtained just below the stratum granulare of the fascia dentata. The results indicate that gangliosides are not uniformly distributed throughout the neuron but are concentrated in regions densely supplied with synaptic endings on both cell bodies and dendrites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 6 (1968), S. 247-264 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Deiters neurones ; Disinhibition ; Cerebellum ; Cats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Following the stimulation of cerebellar cortex, a slow depolarization developed in the neurones which were impaled with microelectrodes in the dorsal portion of the nucleus of Deiters. Characteristically, it was produced bilaterally from a wide area of the culmen and, with double shock stimulation at brief intervals, showed a marked potentiation, often in association with a later depression. After repetitive stimulation of the cerebellar cortex the slow depolarization was prolonged for a period of many seconds. Even stimulation of the spinal cord caused similar depolarization. By intracellular injection of currents and ions, the depolarization was shown to be disinhibition, i. e., removal of background inhibition. Accordingly, it was confirmed that there was a steady production of IPSPs in dorsal Deiters neurones, which diminished during the phase of disinhibition. As the possible source of these background IPSPs, the Purkinje cell axons within the nucleus of Deiters were found to be discharging rhythmically at a rate of 20–90/sec, and in fact they were depressed very effectively after cerebellar stimulation. At the same time, volleys along Purkinje cell axons produced by a testing cerebellar stimulation also were diminished, indicating a depression in the excitability of Purkinje cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 5 (1968), S. 118-128 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cerebellum ; Cerebellar synaptology ; Purkinje axon collaterals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Purkinje axon collaterals and their synaptic terminals can be identified on the basis of three criteria: (1) They are the only myelinated axons of local elements, hence any myelinated axon persisting in chronically isolated folium is a Purkinje axon or its collateral; (2) They are the only known transfolial axons, so that axons and synapses found in the state of secondary degeneration after lesions placed into neighbouring folia of the cerebellar cortex are Purkinje axon collaterals and synapses; (3) The peculiar axonal tubular systems described by Andres (1965) are specific for Purkinje axons and their synaptic endings, which offers an additional clue for their identification. Using these three criteria numerous synapses of Purkinje axon collateral endings have been identified on the large Golgi neurons, both cell bodies and principal dendrites, and on the bodies of basket neurons. No evidence of the termination of Purkinje axon collaterals on other Purkinje cells could be detected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 4 (1968), S. 292-309 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Red nucleus ; Cerebellum ; Disfacilitation ; Cats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Large cells in the red nucleus of cats were impaled with glass microelectrodes. Under light Nembutal anesthesia it was found that stimulation of the cerebellar cortex produced hyperpolarization in their membrane. Unlike the inhibitory postsynaptic potentials, this hyperpolarization decreased when the membrane was depolarized by passage of currents through the microelectrode, and it increased during application of hyperpolarizing currents: Hence the hyperpolarization is presumed to be produced by removal of tonically impinging excitatory postsynaptic potentials, in the manner of “disfacilitation”. In accordance with the above view, spontaneously arising small EPSPs disappeared during the phase of the hyperpolarization. The source of tonic impingement of excitatory impulses onto the red nucleus was found in the interpositus nucleus. The cells in this nucleus were discharging impulses at frequencies of 50–100/sec which were suppressed after the cerebellar stimulation, presumably via Purkinje cell axons, a depression in the excitability of the interpositus neurones being revealed at the same time. Following the depression, the excitability and impulse discharges of the interpositus neurones were enhanced, and correspondingly there was a late depolarization in the red nucleus neurones. During stimulation of the inferior olive and even of the spinal cord, disfacilitation and late facilitation occurred similarly through the interpositus nucleus, though with longer latencies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 4 (1968), S. 310-320 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Deiters neurones ; Cerebellum ; Inhibitory zone ; Cats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary By recording intracellularly from Deiters neurones of cats, there was a survey of those cerebellar areas that, when stimulated, produced inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) monosynaptically in Deiters neurones. The monosynaptic inhibitory area expanded longitudinally mainly along the ipsilateral vermal cortex of the anterior lobe. The ipsilateral cortex of the posterior lobe was also effective in inhibiting Deiters neurones though less prominently than the anterior lobe. The inhibitory fibers could be stimulated in the white matter of the cerebellum, predominantly in the ipsilateral side at rostral regions of nuclei fastigii and interpositus. It was further shown that the monosynaptic inhibition from the anterior and posterior lobes occurs chiefly in the dorsal portion of Deiters nucleus. Since in both the cerebellum and Deiters nucleus the spatial pattern of distribution of the inhibitory fibers conforms to that of the corticovestibular fibers as histologically defined, the experimental findings are in accord with the hypothesis that the cerebellar Purkinje cells are inhibitory in nature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 11
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Benzodiazepines ; Psychopharmacology ; Antianxiety ; Drug Tolerance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Oxazepam has two opposing actions on behavior: a responsedecreasing or depressant action and a response-increasing or disinhibitory action. The course of the two actions in chronic dosing was determined in rats in a test in which punished and unpunished schedules of reinforcement were alternated. The depressant action (measured by a decrease in the rate of unpunished behavior) was observed to undergo tolerance after 3–4 doses, while the disinhibitory action (measured by an increase in the rate of punished behavior) failed to show tolerance and even increased throughout the chronic series. The selective tolerance of the depressant action is probably due to neuronal adaptation, but changes in metabolism also may be involved. The increase in the rate of punished behavior is attributed, at least in part, to a progressive unmasking of the disinhibitory action as tolerance to the depressive action develops.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 13 (1968), S. 118-128 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Psychopharmacology ; Diagnosis ; Sampling Studies ; Statistics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Theoretical models for sample selection by diagnosis using one, one-out-of-two, two, two-out-of-three, and three concurring opinions are illustrated. These models are then applied to two categories, schizophrenia and depressive disorders, for an actual sample of patients diagnosed by multiple observers. The conclusion is reached that sample selection by a single opinion is not sufficiently reliable for research studies. The choice of alternative methods of selection depends on the needs of a particular study. Samples chosen on the basis of two-out-of-three concurring opinions provide the least total error. When erroneous inclusions are particularly undesirable, higher degrees of consensus—e.g. agreeing pairs or triplets—are necessary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 13 (1968), S. 129-139 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Electroencephalography ; Psychopharmacology ; Imipramine ; Amphetamine ; Physostigmine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The results of the interaction of imipramine, physostigmine and d/l amphetamine in various intravenously administered dosages were studied on the cortical and subcortical electrical activity of cats. Imipramine was shown to cause a cortical synchronization, hippocampal desynchronization, rise in the threshold of electrocortical arousal and limbic convulsive activity which was potentiated by amphetamine. Imipramine increased the amount of physostigmine, but decreased the amount of amphetamine needed for cortical desynchronization. The possible significance of these findings for the neuropsychopharmacological action of imipramine is briefly discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Indoleamine Metabolism ; Psychopharmacology ; Antidepressive Drugs ; Amphetamine Derivatives (Chlorinated) ; Depression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary CMA (p-chloro-N-methylamphetamine) lowers the cerebral 5-HT concentration in test animals but has virtually no effect on the catecholamine concentrations. Moreover, this compound was found to behave in depressive patients like an antidepressive drug, not like a central stimulant of the amphetmine type. The study described was conducted in order to establish whether CMA influences the overall metabolism of indoleamines in man. Such an influence was clearly demonstrable. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that CMA releases 5-HT from its depots. It has not been explained why a considerable proportion of the released 5-HT is excreted unchanged and why the increase in 5-HIAA excretion is so small: the overall activity of MAO was found not to be inhibited. No indications of abnormal 5-HT degradation were found at this time. Patients with vital depressions who improved on CMA medication showed a lower 5-HIAA excretion before treatment than did patients who were refractory to CMA treatment. This is consistent with earlier observations. The possible cause of this phenomenon is discussed. Among the various possibilities considered, an abnormal 5-HT metabolism is regarded as the most plausible. Pertinent investigations are being continued.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 12 (1968), S. 384-399 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Psychopharmacology ; Tranquilizing Agents ; Chlordiazepoxide ; Frustration ; Animal Behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This experiment investigated the possibility that chlordiazepoxide (CDP) has unique properties that account for state dependent learning, and prevention of conflict-induced behavior fixations. One group of rats were given a discrimination problem on a Lashley jumping stand, but on even days all responses were punished. Another group were treated the same way except than on even days all responses were rewarded. Each of these groups were subdivided, half of the Ss were given CDP on even days, the other half no drug. The results showed that punishment on even days for the response to be learned disrupted learning more than reward for responses that were to be avoided. CDP practically eliminated these disruptive effects and aided learning for the punishment group, but led to a slower rate of learning for the reward group. These findings confirmed the hypothesis that CDP attenuates the effects of negative incentives, and that this property accounts for the drug's cue value in discrimination learning and for its fixation prevention characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 12 (1968), S. 371-383 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Psychopharmacology ; Cholinergic Blocking Drugs ; Animal Behavior ; Scopolamine ; Conditioned Reflex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Atropine or scopolamine improved conditioned avoidance behavior for most rats which performed poorly, in spite of extensive training, in a shuttle-box procedure. As previously reported, d-amphetamine also improved performance in many of these animals, but there was no particular relationship between a rat's responses to the cholinergic blocking agents and to d-amphetamine. The effect of any one of the 3 agents was, for the most part, reversible after the drug effect had dissipated. Physostigmine was quite potent in disrupting avoidance behavior in rats that performed well in the shuttle-box, even in animals that were overtrained. This impairment was antagonized by atropine or scopolamine, partly antagonized by d-amphetamine, and not antagonized by methyl atropine. Poor performers were found to be very sensitive to the disruptive effects of physostigmine, losing much of their escape behavior after relatively small doses. The results are interpreted as evidence for a central cholinergic system with inhibitory influences for modulating stimulus-response patterns. Under normal circumstances this inhibitory system probably functions in an integrated manner with the adrenergic mobilizing system for the central control of learned behavior. Centrally-active anticholinergic drugs of the muscarinic type appear to influence behavioral responses by inducing a response disinhibition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Psychopharmacology ; Electrophysiology ; Arousal ; Animal Behavior ; Brain Biogenic Amines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have studied the interactions of reserpine and the monoamine oxidase inhibitors, nialamide and isocarboxazid, in rabbits. EEG recordings were made from animals with acute and chronically implanted electrodes. Gross behavioral observations were made in freely moving rabbits and brain amine concentrations of norepinephrine and serotonin were also determined. Emphasis was placed on observing drug effects over periods of time ranging up to 13 days. Rabbits given isocarboxazid or nialamide alone exhibit a phenomenon rarely seen in the control animals, namely partial activation, an EEG pattern in which slow waves of high amplitude are maintained in the cortex while fast activity appears in subcortical structures. This effect was also observed in rabbits treated with nialamide and reserpine in combination. By appropriate dosage schedules in which reserpine was administered to animals pretreated with monoamine oxidase inhibitors it was possible to maintain extended periods of frank arousal or EEG activation over a period of several days. The absolute concentrations of brain amines bore little or no relationship to the EEG effects observed, however, increased ratios of serotonin to norepinephrine were observed in conjunction with EEG activation and signs of behavioral excitement.
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 12 (1968), S. 414-423 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Psychopharmacology ; Barbiturates ; Phenothiazines ; Animal Behavior ; Motor Coordination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The rotarod test of motor coordination in mice was modified by increasing the rotation speed every 30 sec until the animals fell off. This procedure yielded a stable, proficient level of performance within four brief trials; the approximately normal distribution of performance times provided an equivalent measure of either improvement or impairment caused by drugs and permitted the use of parametric statistical tests. A total of 240 mice were assigned to 20 different groups of 12 each, administered oral doses of placebo or different drugs, prior to trial 4. The use of a ratio score (performance time in trial 4 divided by the same animal's time in trial 3) provided a measure of drug-induced changes, controlling for individual differences among animals in over-all level of performance. Two phenothiazines (chlorpromazine and perphenazine) impaired performance at low doses, with a progressively greater decrement at increasing doses (4, 8, 16 mg/kg); 2 barbiturates (pentobarbital and amobarbital) showed an all-or-none effect, with no significant decrement at the lower doses (20 and 40 mg/kg) but almost complete incapacitation at the highest dose of 80 mg/kg. Performance superior to the placebo condition was found with the 2 lower doses of pentobarbital and with 3 d-amphet-amine doses (4, 8, 16 mg/kg). An analysis of individual differences gave evidence that the animals which were inferior in prior performance were more susceptible to both improvement and impairment of performance under the influence of drugs.
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  • 19
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Central Nervous System ; Psychopharmacology ; DDT ; Parathion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The offspring of female mice treated with 2.5 mg/kg DDT during the second or third trimester of pregnancy showed a delayed acquisition of the conditioned avoidance response. If DDT was given in the first trimester, or if 3 mg/kg of Parathion was given during the pregnancy, no effect on the conditioned avoidance response of the off-spring was seen.
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 12 (1968), S. 428-432 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Ganglia, Basal ; Psychopharmacology ; Chlorpromazine ; Amphetamine ; Dopamine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In rats micro-injections in corpus striatum of quaternary chlorpromazine and related drugs give rise to highly characteristic neuroleptic effects: antagonism of amphetamine-induced stereotyped behaviour and development of catalepsy. There is no effect of injections in hippocampus or septum. Dopaminergic mechanisms in corpus striatum seem to play a central role in neuroleptic action.
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 13 (1968), S. 161-169 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Sleep-wakefulness Cycle ; Amphetamine ; Psychopharmacology ; Growing Animals ; Electrencephalography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. The effects of amphetamine on the sleep-wakefulness cycle were studied in 48 kittens during the growth period of 1–28 days of age. Recordings of EEG, EMG of the posterior neck muscles and respiratory rhythms were made as well as observations of gross behavior. 2. Percent time of wakefulness was increased with amphetamine (0.3 mg/kg). This effect became more marked with age, i.e., being more significant after 16 to 18 days of age (P〈0.005) than before (P〈0.05). These increases in the intensity of the effect during growth may be related to the postnatal development of the structures responsible for wakefulness. 3. Percent time of “activated” sleep was diminished significantly at all ages including the newborns (P〈0.005). This lack of the influence of age suggests that the structures responsible for “activated” sleep are well developed at birth. 4. The increase of percent time of slow wave sleep was observed. This increase is regarded as a “passive” manifestation of time left available after a severe diminution of “activated” sleep time and relatively slight increase of wakefulness time during amphetamine medication.
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 13 (1968), S. 210-221 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Psychopharmacology ; Animal Behaviour ; Nicotine ; Physostigmine ; Motor Activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Rats of 3 strains were observed at regular intervals and their activity was recorded using four categories of behaviour-rearing, moving, grooming and immobile. Strain differences in control activity were found. Nicotine and physostigmine reduced the activity of the more active rats and increased that of the less active animals. Rearing behaviour was particularly susceptible to depression by both drugs. The similarity of effect of the two drugs supports the hypothesis that one of the actions of nicotine in the brain is the release of acetylcholine.
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 13 (1968), S. 287-298 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Motion Pictures ; Motor Skills ; Eye Movements ; Psychopharmacology ; Psychological Tests
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Measures of skilled motor performances, both of a task-oriented (tests of eye-hand coordination) and incidental (control of facial and ocular muscles) nature were recorded for a sample of 20 healthy young adults before and after single administrations of perphenazine, opipramol, imipramine and placebo at doselevels commonly supposed to produce mood or behavioral effects. It was anticipated that such performances would be sensitive even to slight changes in the subjects' physiological and psychological state; the aim was to test the power of tests of subtle skills in providing indices of slight to moderate behavioral effects. The performance measures remained surprisingly little affected by all drugs, despite their sensitivity to drug-independent improvement in performance throughout the experimental day, and despite evidences of drug-related effects, especially for imipramine and opipramol, in simple objective physiological measures, and for imipramine alone in subjective measures taken concurrently. There may be a class of skilled sensory-motor acts, particularly those related to well-learned daily activities, which, rather than being vulnerable to adverse effect, remain efficient even in the presence of signs of disturbance of bodily function.
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  • 24
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Cannabis ; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide ; Mescaline ; Hallucinogens ; Psychopharmacology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using climbing rope and bar-pressing behavior methods, rats were rendered tolerant to Δ 9-THC, cannabis extract, mescaline and LSD-25. Cross-tolerance experiments showed that rats refractory to Δ 9-THC and cannabis extract were still sensitive to mescaline and LSD-25, and vice-versa. These results suggest that, in spite of the similarity of the clinical symptoms produced in man by the 3 drugs, Δ 9-THC may have its psychotomimetic effects produced by different mechanisms from those of LSD-25 and mescaline.
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 40 (1968), S. 390-392 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Zur Deutung der bekannten, durch grenzflächenaktive Komponenten verursachten Stoffübergangshemmung wird angenommen, daß diese lediglich durch eine Verzögerung der Grenzflächenreaktionen, hervorgerufen durch teilweise Blockierung der verfügbaren Austauschfläche, zustande kommt. An den resultierenden Gleichungen wird gezeigt, daß mit dieser Vorstellung die wesentlichen experimentellen Befunde anderer Autoren in Einklang stehen.
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  • 26
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 40 (1968), S. 395-399 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Für die Anlaufleistung von Rührern kann die bekannte Form der Leistungsgleichung beibehalten werden, wenn man den Widerstandsbeiwert durch einen „Anfahrbeiwert“ ersetzt, welcher außer den im Beharrungszustand vorhandenen Widerständen alle sonstigen, mit dem Anlaufen verbundenen zusätzlichen Widerstände umfaßt. Für eine Reihe repräsentativer Rührertypen wird dieser Beiwert als Funktion der Re-Zahl experimentell bestimmt. Die Versuchsergebnisse werden mit Literaturwerten verglichen.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 27
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 40 (1968), S. 400-403 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 28
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 40 (1968), S. 404-406 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 29
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 40 (1968), S. 411-412 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 30
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 40 (1968), S. 573-575 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Für die elektrochemische Reduktion von Acrylnitril werden unter Berücksichtigung der bekannten experimentellen Ergebnisse, besonders durch Diskussion des Produktkriteriums, die mßoglichen Reaktionsmechanismen erörtert. Es wird eine Reaktionsfolge aus 6 Stufen für die Bildung von Adipinsäuredinitril, aus 5 Stufen für Propionsäurenitril und aus (6 + n) Stufen für Polyacrylnitril vorgeschlagen. Einer der Reaktionsschritte, der mit den üblichen Vorstellungen schwer verständlich ist, läßt sich durch eine neue Arbeitshypothese über die Struktur der elektrochemischen Doppelschicht und ihre Bedeutung im Reaktionsablauf erklären.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 31
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Mit Hilfe der potentiostatischen Dreieckspannungsmethode wurde die spezifische Oberfläche von porösen Platin-Katalysatoren durch kathodische Adsorption bzw. anodische Desorption von Wasserstoff-Atomen gemessen und mit Werten aus der BET-Oberflächenbestimmung verglichen. Es ergab sich, daß bei Raney-Platin die spezifische Oberfläche vom Aluminium-Gehalt abhängt und bei Betrieb des Katalysators in einer Elektrode abnimmt (Alterung). Die Messungen wurden in Beziehung gesetzt zur Katalysator-Aktivität bei der Oxidation von Methanol.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 32
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Nachdem die Fehlerquellen (verschiedene Eigenschaften des Festelektrolyten und der Elektroden, Einflüsse der Gasströmung und Mängel im Temperaturausgleich) bei potentiometrischen Bestimmungen an H2/H2O/Inertgas-Gemischen durch Vorversuche erkannt waren, wurde die Konstante des Wasserdampf-Dissoziationsgleichgewichts zwischen 1000 und 1300°K direkt elektrochemisch bestimmt, wobei die Genauigkeit der bekannten, unter Benutzung der Bildungswärme sowie spektroskopischer Daten indirekt erhaltenen Werte nahezu erreicht werden konnte. Die Wasserstoff- und Wasserdampf-Bestimmungen zeigten, daß die gaspotentiometrische Methode unter optimalen Bedingungen gestattet, das Verhältnis PH2/PH2O über den Bereich von etwa 10-5 bis 105 mit einer absoluten Genauigkeit von ≤ 3% kontinuierlich zu messen.
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  • 33
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 40 (1968), S. 619-620 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 34
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Durch Betrachtungen zur Driftströmung hinter einer aufsteigenden Dampfblase, welche für den Wärmetransport aus der überhitzten Grenzschicht an der Heizfläche in die kältere Flüssigkeit sorgt, wird die Siedetheorie nach Han und Griffith ergänzt. Die Siedevorgänge lassen sich durch Luftblasen, die von einer Heizfläche aufsteigen, simulieren. Es ergibt sich dabei eine gute Übereinstimmung zwischen Versuch und Theorie.
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  • 35
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 40 (1968), S. 651-656 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Verschiedene Lösungsvorschläge zum Bestimmen der theoretischen Bodenzahl bei der Rektifikation von Zweistoffgemischen werden einheitlich durch Gleichungen der Betriebslinien dargestellt. Diese bilden auch die Grundlage der graphischen Lösungsmethode im Enthalpie/Konzentrations-Diagramm. Die Gleichungen werden so ergänzt, daß sie für den Fall eines erheblichen Druckverlustes in der Säule Näherungslösungen für die Betriebspunkte ergeben. Bei den besprochenen näherungsweisen Berechnungen werden dem Gemisch willkürlich Lösungswärmen zugeordnet, und es wird nicht, wie bisher oft angenommen, ideales Verhalten der Mischung vorausgesetzt.
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  • 36
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: 1967 wurden bei den Chemischen Werken Hüls vier elektronische Rechenautomaten zur Steuerung verschiedener Produktionsanlagen in Betrieb genommen. In diesem Beitrag werden die mit ihnen bisher gesammelten Erfahrungen sowie diejenigen Eigenschaften der Rechnersysteme geschildert, die ihre Anwendung besonders vom Standpunkt der Verläßlichkeit und Betriebssicherheit aus zu einem vollen Erfolg geführt haben.
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  • 37
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 40 (1968), S. 724-728 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 38
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 40 (1968), S. 732-733 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 39
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 40 (1968), S. 734-736 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 40
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 40 (1968), S. 745-747 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Es wird eine Meßmethode angegeben, mit der die Haftkraft zwischen zwei Teilchen, die durch eine Flüssigkeitsbrücke verbunden sind, auf einfache Weise mit guter Genauigkeit bestimmt werden kann. Die experimentellen Ergebnisse an gleich großen Kugeln stimmen mit den theoretisch zu erwartenden Werten gut überein. Das Meßverfahren kann zur Ermittlung des Randwinkels an kugelförmigen Teilchen benutzt werden.
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  • 41
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 40 (1968), S. 769-771 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Zur besseren Beschreibung der turbulenten Vermischungsprozesse in isothermen Strahlen und in Flammen ist die genaue Kenntnis der örtlichen Größe der Konzentrationsschwankungen erforderlich. Es wird ein Verfahren mitgeteilt, mit dem der Verlauf der Konzentrationsschwankungen in isothermen Strahlen und in Flammen aus den gemessenen Werten der Geschwindigkeitsschwankungen direkt berechnet werden kann. Die berechneten und gemessenen Verteilungen stimmen gut überein.
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  • 42
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 40 (1968), S. 774-777 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 43
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 44
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 40 (1968), S. 917-922 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Es wurde der Aceton-Übergang zwischen Wasser und Tetrachlorkohlenstoff in An- und Abwesenheit von Natriumchlorid an freibewegten Tetrachlorkohlenstoff- und Wasser-Tropfen als stoffauinehmender Phase gemessen. Aus dem Vergleich der Anfangsgeschwindigkeiten wird unter Bezug auf das Additivitätsgesetz der Einzelwiderstände untersucht, ob diese Phasenübergänge durch die Transportprozesse oder durch den Grenzflächenwiderstand limitiert sind.
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  • 45
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 40 (1968), S. 932-932 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 46
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Für das Auffinden optimaler Reaktionsbedingungen mit Hilfe mathematisch statistischer Methoden muß man die Größe des Versuchsfehlers ermitteln können sowie wissen, ob und wie sich die verschiedenen Versuchsparameter auf das Ergebnis auswirken. Hier werden einige der wichtigsten Prinzipien aufgezeigt, wie man mit wenigen gezielten Messungen rasch zu eindeutigen Ergebnissen gelangt.
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  • 47
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 40 (1968), S. 978-980 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 48
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 40 (1968), S. 1019-1023 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 49
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 40 (1968), S. 1023-1025 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 50
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 40 (1968), S. 1025-1026 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 51
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 40 (1968), S. 1030-1032 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 52
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 40 (1968), S. 1153-1158 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Für eine halbtechnische Füllkörper-Absorptionskolonne wurde das dynamische Verhalten durch Aufnahme von Übergangsfunktionen für Änderungen in der Gas-Eintrittskonzentration, im Flüssigkeits- und im Gasdurchsatz experimentell bestimmt und mit den Rechenergebnissen eines allgemeinen mathematischen Modells verglichen. Die Messungen wurden mit dem System Kohlendioxid/wäßrige Triäthanolamin-Lösung ausgeführt. Der Vergleich zwischen Rechnung und Experiment ergab eine befriedigende Übereinstimmung. Auf Grund der experimentellen Ergebnisse konnten einige qualitative Aussagen über das dynamische Verhalten und die Gesamteinstellzeit der Kolonne gemacht werden, die allgemein auf Füllkörpersäulen anwendbar sind.
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  • 53
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Zur Untersuchung der Kinetik chemischer Reaktionen in flüssiger Phase unter Drücken bis zu 1000 at und Temperaturen bis zu 500°C wurde für Messungen bei konstantem Druck eine Versuchsanlage gebaut, die es gestattet, den Reaktionsverlauf durch kontinuierliches Messen der Volumenänderung zu verfolgen. Soweit bekannt, wurden erstmals unter Versuchsbedingungen wahre, volumenbezogene Konzentrationen der Reaktionslösung gemessen, so daß das normalerweise angewandte, nur die Messung molaler Konzentrationen zulassende Verfahren des Probenziehens mit allen seinen möglichen Fehlerquellen umgangen werden kann.
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  • 54
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 40 (1968), S. 1203-1209 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Rohre und Lüftungsleitungen aus Niederdruck-Polyäthylen und Polypropylen werden seit mehreren Jahren - insbesondere wegen ihrer hohen Chemikalienresistenz - im Laborbau benutzt. Einer breiteren Anwendung stehen jedoch die Vorschriften der Bauordnungen entgegen. Bei Einhaltung bestimmter Einbauprinzipien ist es möglich, trotz der Brennbarkeit der Materialien den Anforderungen des vorbeugenden Brandschutzes entsprechende Lösungen zu finden.
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  • 55
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 40 (1968), S. 1229-1237 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Zur Pt-Rückgewinnung bei der NH3-Oxidation an Pt/Rh-Netzkatalysatoren wurde ein Verfahren entwickelt, bei dem unmittelbar unter den Pt/Rh-Netzen angeordnete Netze aus Pd/Au-Drähten die verdampften Pt-Atome aus dem Gasstrom herausgettern. Das Verfahren eignet sich besonders auch für Druckanlagen, bei denen die in Normaldruckanlagen angewandten Verfahren mehr oder weniger versagen. Die prozentuale Pt-Rückgewinnung beträgt für ein einzelnes Pd/Au-Netz bei Hochdruckanlagen rd. 20%, bei Mitteldruckanlagen rd. 45% und bei Normaldruckanlagen rd. 60%. Entsprechend höhere Rückgewinnungsquoten werden durch Hintereinanderschalten mehrerer Netze erzielt.
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  • 56
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 40 (1968), S. 1244-1245 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 57
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 40 (1968), S. 1247-1248 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 58
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 40 (1968), S. 21-28 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Die Hochtemperatur-Physik befaßt sich mit den Eigenschaften der Materie im Temperatur-Bereich oberhalb von 5000° K. Ionisierte Gase bzw. Plasmen sind charakteristische Erscheinungsformen der Materie im Hochtemperatur-Bereich. Eingeschnürte Lichtbögen, explodierende Drähte und Hochstromstöße sind Möglichkeiten zur Erzeugung hoher Temperaturen. Als Anwendungsbeispiele werden Schweißlichtbögen, Plasmaspritzpistolen und Lichtbogenöfen besprochen. Einen wichtigen Beitrag leistet die Hochtemperatur-Physik bei den Forschungsarbeiten an MHD-Generatoren und Fusionsreaktoren.
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  • 59
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 40 (1968), S. 37-43 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Mit einem rotierenden porösen Zylinder lassen sich beim Zerstäuben Tropfen in einem sehr engen Durchmesserbereich erzielen. Ähnlichkeitsbetrachtungen führen zu Näherungsgleichungen für die Berechnung von Tropfengröße und Durchsatz. Auf Möglichkeiten der praktischen Auswertung wird hingewiesen.
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  • 60
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 40 (1968), S. 61-64 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Es wurde eine Apparatur zur kontinuierlichen Bestimmung der NO2- bzw. (NO + NO2)-Konzentration in Gasströmen chemischer Produktionsanlagen entwickelt. Zur direkten NO2-Messung dient ein für den Betrieb geeignetes Photometer. Um die Summenkonzentration von NO und NO2 zu ermitteln, wird NO durch J2O5 bei 110 °C zu NO2 oxidiert und die gesamte NO2-Menge bestimmt. Da die Bestimmung des Oxidationsgrades im Bereich hoher Konzentrationen an nitrosen Gasen außergewöhnliche Schwierigkeiten bereitet, wurde ein Verdünnungsverfahren entwickelt. Die beschriebene Apparatur wurde an einer Salpetersäure-Absorptionsanlage erprobt.
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 40 (1968), S. 1246-1247 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 62
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 40 (1968), S. 1-10 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Der Wettbewerb zwischen Kohle und Erdöl als Rohstofflieferanten für die chemische Industrie war nicht nur durch die Entwicklung neuartiger Verfahren zur Gewinnung der wichtigsten Grundstoffe für chemische Synthesen gekennzeichnet, mit deren Hilfe die besonderen Vorteile des Erdöls wirtschaftlich erst voll erschlossen werden konnten, sondern auch durch beachtliche Fortschritte in der Verwertung der Kohle. In diesem Beitrag wird an einigen ausgewählten Beispielen skizziert, wie sich der Übergang von der Kohle zum Erdöl in chemisch-technischer Hinsicht vollzogen hat und welche Konsequenzen sich daraus für die einzelnen Unternehmen der chemischen Industrie und für die Wirtschaft im allgemeinen ergeben haben.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 63
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 40 (1968), S. 31-36 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Elastizitätsmodul und Härte eines Werkstoffes beeinflussen dessen Verschleiß. Um den Verschleiß abschätzen zu können, wurde aus den Meßergebnissen eine Verschleißgleichung abgeleitet, die den Einfluß der Versuchsbedingungen und der Materialeigenschaften sowie den Verschleißmechanismus beschreibt. Weitere Experimente, insbesondere mit Werkstoffen, deren E-Modul im Bereich des größten Verschleißes liegt, sind erforderlich.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 64
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 40 (1968) 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 65
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Der Großapparatebau bringt nicht nur konstruktive, sondern auch fertigungstechnische Probleme; es werden die Anforderungen an hochwertige Großapparate umrissen und die Wechselwirkungen erläutert. An einem Speicherbehälter für tiefgekühlte Flüssiggase, zwei Weltraum-Simulationskammern und an einem Kohlendioxid-Absorber, der vollständig im Ofen spannungsarm geglüht wurde, wird gezeigt, wie die neu aufgetretenen Probleme technisch und wirtschaftlich gelöst werden konnten.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 66
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 40 (1968), S. 441-445 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Es wird ein Überblick über die Weiterentwicklung des Wirbelschicht-Röstverfahrens der BASF gegeben, welches auch die Abröstung arsen-, antimon- und blei-haltiger Schwefelkiese unter Gewinnung praktisch arsen- und antimonfreier und weitgehend entbleiter Abbrände gestattet. Dies wird ermöglicht durch eine Abröstung in zwei Stufen, wobei in der ersten Stufe ein Röstzwischenprodukt von FeS bzw. FeS und Fe3O4 gewonnen wird und die Arsen-, Antimon- und Blei-Verbindungen mit den Röstgasen größtenteils verflüchtigt werden.
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  • 67
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Es wird ein Überblick gegeben über einige der heute gebräuchlichen Verfahren zur absorptiven Entfernung von Kohlendioxid aus Natur- und Synthesegasen. Einige Beispiele dienen zur Erläuterung physikalischer und chemischer Grundlagen. Die wichtigsten Kriterien für die Auswahl eines Verfahrens werden zusammengestellt.
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  • 68
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 40 (1968), S. 462-464 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Für die Synthese von Melamin wurde ein druckloses, kontinuierliches Einstufenverfahren entwickelt, bei dem geschmolzener Harnstoff bei etwa 380 °C in einer durch Reaktionsgase aufrechterhaltenen Wirbelschicht aus einem oxidischen Katalysator praktisch quantitativ zu Melamin umgesetzt wird. Das Melamin verläßt dampfförmig mit den Reaktionsgasen die Wirbelschicht, wird durch Zufuhr gekühlter Reaktionsgase kondensiert und aus dem Gasstrom in einer Reinheit von über 99,9% abgeschieden.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 69
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Die dynamische Systemanalyse chemischer Reaktoren ist insbesondere bei schnellen exothermen Prozessen zur Bestimmung einer geeigneten Betriebsweise und zur Entwicklung von Regel- und Steuerverfahren von entscheidender Bedeutung. Es werden einige technisch interessante Stabilitätsprobleme und instationäre Vorgänge bei verschiedenen Reaktortypen insbesondere bei Systemen mit örtlich verteillen Parametern diskutiert. Weiterhin wird ein neuses Simulationsprinzip beschrieben, das sich gut zur Nachbildung verfahrenstechnischer Prozesse eignet, die Randwertprobleme darstellen und z. B. infolge einer chemischen Reaktion nichtlineare Wärme- und Massequellen enthalten. Die Vorzüge dieser Methode werden demonstriert durch die Simulation eines Kreisprozesses mit katalytischem Festbett-Reaktor.
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  • 70
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 40 (1968), S. 506-506 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 71
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 40 (1968), S. 506-507 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 72
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 40 (1968) 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 73
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 40 (1968), S. 97-100 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Für drei Knetpumpen-Bauarten ohne und mit Einbauten wird die Mischgüte an plastischen Massen visuell, optisch registrierend und mit radioaktiven Indikatoren in Abhängigkeit der Komponenten-Konzentrationen untersucht. Die grundsätzliche Schwierigkeit der Mischvorgänge wird an einem Vergleichsprozeß erläutert.
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  • 74
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 40 (1968), S. 112-117 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Das bei der Süßwassergewinnnung aus dem Meer meistverwendete Verfahren, die Entspannungsverdampfung, erfordert z. Zt. noch Kondensatorrohre aus hochlegierten Kupfer/Nickel-Legierungen, die den Anlagenpreis erheblich verteuern. Ein Alternativvorschlag wird erläutert, bei dem die Dämpfe durch Mischkondensation niedergeschlagen, die Stufendrücke hydrostatisch kompensiert und die Strömungsverluste durch Dampfheberwirkung überwunden werden. Versuch und Rechnung zeigen die Wirtschaftlichkeit des Verfahrens.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 75
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 40 (1968), S. 117-120 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Nach einer allgemeinen Beschreibung des elektro-hydraulischen Zerkleinerungsverfahrens werden eigene Versuche mit denen anderer Autoren verglichen und in einem Schaubild graphisch dargestellt. Gegenüber der herkömmlichen Zerkleinerung in der Kugelmühle ist der Energiebedarf, bezogen auf die erzeugte Oberfläche, etwa 4- bis 10mal größer. Die Ergebnisse der konventionellen Mahlung werden also beim elektrohydraulischen Zerkleinern nicht erreicht.
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  • 76
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 40 (1968), S. 100-112 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Die für die Elektrophotographie mit beschichteten Papieren verwendeten handelsüblichen Zinkoxide, die man durch Verbrennen von Zink-Dampf herstellt, haben meist sehr uneinheitliche elektrophotographische Eigenschaften. Im folgenden werden ein Verfahren zur Züchtung von Zinkoxid-Pulvern mit reproduzierbaren, durch die Verbrennungsbedingungen steuerbaren Eigenschaften beschrieben und der Einfluß der Versuchsparameter auf die charakteristischen elektrophotographischen Eigenschaften der Produkte diskutiert. Das Kernstück der hierfür entwickelten Versuchsanlage ist eine axialsymmetrische Brennkammer, in die Zink-Dampf und Wasserstoff axial und Sauerstoff senkrecht zur Achse tangential eingeblasen werden, so daß es zur Ausbildung einer stark turbulenten Flamme kommt, die die Wände nicht berührt. Aus zwei koaxial um die Brennkammer-Eingangsöffnung angeordneten Ringdüsen werden ein Wasserstoff- und ein Sauerstoff-Kegelmantel zur Vermeidung von Anwachsungen und zur zusätzlichen Flammen-Stabilisierung aus Gasstrahlen aufgebaut. Der Zinkoxid-Rauch wird thermisch nachbehandelt und elektrostatisch abgeschieden.
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  • 77
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 40 (1968), S. 138-138 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 78
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 40 (1968), S. 139-142 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 79
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 40 (1968), S. 121-128 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Bisher ist es noch nicht möglich, die Struktur turbulenter Strömungen in Diffusionsflammen theoretisch zu erfassen. Dazu wurde ein photo-optisches Verfahren entwickelt, mit dem durch die Emission der Flamme örtliche Turbulenzparameter gemessen werden können. Auf diese Weise wurden zwei Freistrahl-Gasflammen (Re = 2100 bzw. 43 500) untersucht. Aus den Messungen konnte in weiten Bereichen des Flammenfeldes anisotrope Turbulenz erkannt werden. Aus Spektralfunktionen wurden charakteristische Wirbelabmessungen berechnet.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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  • 80
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 40 (1968), S. 143-144 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 81
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Für den idealen Rührkessel und für in Reihe geschaltete Rührkessel (Kaskaden) mit beliebiger Anordnung verschieden großer Einzelkessel werden Beziehungen zwischen Umsatz Xn, Endprodukt-Ausbeute Yn, Zwischenprodukt-Ausbeute Xn - Yn und der mittleren Verweilzeit τn im n-ten Kessel unter Berücksichtigung der Verhältnisse im vorangehenden Kessel (Xn - 1; Yn - 1) entwickelt. Für den Einzelkessel und die Kaskade aus zwei Rührkesseln werden Beziehungen für die maximal erzielbare Ausbeute an Zwischenprodukt und die dadurch festgelegten kinetisch-optimalen Umsätze und mittleren Verweilzeiten gegeben und mit den entsprechenden Werten für den diskontinuierlichen Betrieb verglichen. Ein prinzipieller Lösungsweg zur Berechnung der kinetisch-optimalen Aufteilung des Reaktionsvolumens einer aus beliebig vielen Kesseln bestehenden Kaskade wird angegeben.
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  • 82
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 40 (1968) 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 83
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 40 (1968), S. 145-154 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Es wird ein Überblick über die derzeit technisch angewandten Brennstoffelemente gegeben, die sich im Aufbau der Zellen und der Elektroden sowie in der Art des Elektrolyten und des Elektrolytträgers unterscheiden. Zum Vergleich werden die wichtigsten Daten, wie Dauer- und Spitzenbelastung sowie spezifisches Leistungsgewicht und -volumen, angegeben.
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  • 84
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 40 (1968), S. 154-159 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Von den H2/O2-Brennstoffzellen sind derzeit die mit alkalischem Elektrolyten am weitesten für eine Verwendung zum Antrieb von Straßenfahrzeugen entwickelt. Der Wasserstoff muß dabei in Druckflaschen mitgeführt oder in einem kleinen Reformer erzeugt werden. Verbesserungen sind durch die Möglichkeit der Nutzbremsung, einen Parallelbetrieb zwischen Brennstoffzelle und Blei-Batterie und durch Ausnutzung der Ruhezeit des Autos zur Wiedergewinnung der Brennstoffe in Kleinelektrolyseuren zu erwarten. Als Beispiel dient ein Elektrofahrzeug mit 10 kW Antriebsleistung und 22,4 kWh Energievorrat, ausreichend für 2,25 Fahrstunden am Tag, aufgeteilt auf 175 Fahrzyklen bei 400 m Haltestellenabstand (Gesamtfahrstrecke 70 km).
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 85
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 40 (1968), S. 159-165 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In einer Versuchsapparatur wurde die durch einen Inertgas-Strom abgeführte Wasserdampf-Menge in Abhängigkeit von der Inertgasmenge bei verschiedenen Längen des Füllkörpereinsatzes gemessen. Die Ergebnisse lassen sich durch einen theoretischen Ansatz wiedergeben. Die quantitative Auswertung der Messungen nach der Theorie liefert Werte für die aktive Flüssigkeitsoberfläche und den Gasströmungsquerschnitt, die sich mit auf andere Weise erhaltenen Werten vergleichen lassen. Außerdem wird die optimale Auslegung solcher Anlagen untersucht.
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  • 86
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 40 (1968), S. 166-171 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Für die mechanische Stabilität von Elektrodenschichten aus einer porösen Stützgerüst-Matrix mit eingebetteten Katalysator- und/oder Fillerpartikeln wird eine einfache Theorie entwickelt. Die maximale Zugfestigkeit solcher Schichten wird dabei auf die Zugfestigkeit des Stützgerüstmaterials gleicher Volumenporosität zurückgeführt. Dadurch kann einmal die Festigkeitsabnahme, die mit dem Einbau von Katalysator und Filler in das Stützgerüst verbunden ist, abgeschätzt werden, und andererseits lassen sich Schichten verschiedener Zusammensetzung im Hinblick auf ihre mechanischen Eigenschaften miteinander vergleichen. Der Zusammenhang zwischen der Festigkeit und den verschiedenen Elektrodenparametern wird durch die Verallgemeinerung einer an speziellen Gittermodellen abgeleiteten Gleichung gefunden und an vorhandenem Meßmaterial überprüft.
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  • 87
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 40 (1968), S. 171-176 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Die Methanol-Zelle besteht aus der Sauerstoff- oder Luft-Elektrode (Kathode), der immergierten Brennstoff-Elektrode (Anode) und dem Elektrolyten (Kaliumhydroxid), in dem der Brennstoff (Methanol) gelöst ist. Die Batterie kann nach dem Prinzip der Filterpresse oder mit austauschbaren Doppelzellen aufgebaut werden, wobei die Zellen derart aneinandergereiht werden, daß entweder ungleiche Pole oder gleiche Pole (jede zweite Zelle um 180° gedreht) nebeneinander liegen. Es werden die verschiedenen Bauprinzipien aufgezeigt.
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  • 88
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Durch Aufnahme von Stromspannungskurven an verschiedenen Elektrokatalysatoren sowie durch Analyse der entwickelten Gase wurde versucht, den Reaktionsmechanismus für die anodische Oxidation von Hydrazin in alkalischem Elektrolyten aufzuklären. Danach scheint dieser eine Dehydrierung des Hydrazins voranzugehen.
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  • 89
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 40 (1968), S. 191-192 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 90
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Katalysatoren aus Raney-Nickel für Brennstoffzellen konnten in den letzten Jahren erheblich verbessert werden. Die nach früheren Verfahren hergestellten Katalysatoren waren pyrophor und konnten nur mit äußerster Vorsicht verwendet werden. Durch vorsichtige, partielle Oxidation mit Alkali-Salzen der Halogensauerstoffsäuren oder mit Luft in nicht wäßriger Umgebung konnte die Selbstentzündlichkeit beseitigt werden, ohne daß die elektrochemischen Eigenschaften der Elektroden dadurch in Mitleidenschaft gezogen wurden. Durch Zusatz von Promotoren konnte besonders die Empfindlichkeit gegen Unterbrechungen der Wasserstoff-Zufuhr erheblich verringert werden. Damit sind zwei wesentliche Voraussetzungen für eine reibungslose Elektroden-Fertigung geschaffen.
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 40 (1968), S. 192-194 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 40 (1968), S. 185-191 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Elektrochemische Brennstoffzellen werden i. a. mit mehr oder weniger verunreinigten Gasen betrieben. Die inerten Anteile können in den Elektroden abgetrennt werden. Für eine optimale Ausnutzung der Reaktionsgase, d. h. Gewinnung maximaler elektrischer Nutzarbeit aus einer vorgegebenen Gasmenge, müssen an die Gasführung in den Elektroden und in der Batterie bestimmte Anforderungen gestellt werden, die sich teilweise widersprechen. Eine Anordnung, bestehend aus nacheinander vom Gasgemisch durchströmten Stufen, die jeweils eine bestimmte Zahl von parallel durchströmten Elektroden besitzen, wird theoretisch untersucht und die optimale Verteilung angegeben. Diese ist abhängig vom Reaktionsgasgehalt des verwendeten Gasgemischs, der geforderten Abreicherung und der Schwankung der Strömungswiderstände der Elektroden.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 93
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    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 40 (1968), S. 194-194 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 94
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 40 (1968), S. 197-198 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 40 (1968), S. 198-200 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 40 (1968) 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 40 (1968), S. 200-200 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 99
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Der Wärme- und Stoffaustausch beim Rieselfilm ist in Verbindung mit einem extrem kleinen Druckverlust wirtschaftlich so interessant, daß neue betriebssichere Methoden zur Außenberieselung von stehenden Rohrbündeln erarbeitet werden müssen, die die Apparatefertigung hinsichtlich der Toleranz nicht überfordern. Kritisch werden die Bedingungen analysiert, die erfüllt sein müssen, um eine zuverlässige und gleichmäßige Außenberieselung jedes Einzelrohres im Bündel zu erreichen. Aufgabevorrichtungen, die die Stellen des Strömungsweges lokal voneinander trennen, an denen Flüssigkeit über dem Rohrumfang verteilt und der Druckverlust zum Anstau von Flüssigkeit auf dem Verteilboden erzeugt wird, werden den fertigungstechnischen Anforderungen des Apparatebaus gerecht. Auslegung und konstruktive Einzelheiten werden besprochen.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 40 (1968), S. 207-213 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Stickstoff wird bei der Temperatur von 77° K an den auf Kupfer-Platten befestigten Molekularsieben 4 A, 5 A und 13 X adsorbiert und die Anwendbarkeit dieser „Kryosorptions-Platten“ zur Vakuumerzeugung geprüft. Mit dem Molekularsieb 5 A werden die besten Ergebnisse erzielt. Es konnte gezeigt werden, daß bei der Adsorption Wasser eine wichtige Rolle spielt. Nach den Versuchsergebnissen ist die Anwendbarkeit von „Kryosorptions-Platten“ wirtschaftlich, wenn für die Simulierung von Weltraumbedingungen in großen Vakuumkammern bei Drücken von 10-6 Torr Versuche auszführen sind, die nicht länger als fünf bis zehn Stunden dauern.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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