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  • 1995-1999  (11,780)
  • 1975-1979  (5,690)
  • 1960-1964
  • 1920-1924  (1,451)
  • 1860-1869
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  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulated expression patterns of IRX-2, an Iroquois-class homeobox gene, in the human breast (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 296 (1999), S. 549-554 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Mammary gland ; Differentiation ; Neoplasia ; Homeodomain ; Cancer ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  In the mouse mammary gland, homeobox gene expression patterns suggest roles in development and neoplasia. In the human breast, we now identify a family of Iroquois-class (IRX) homeobox genes. One gene, IRX-2, is expressed in discrete epithelial cell lineages being found in ductal and lobular epithelium, but not in myoepithelium. Expression is absent from associated mesenchymal adipose stroma. During gland development, expression is concentrated in terminal end buds and terminal lobules and is reduced in a subset of epithelial cells during lactation. In contrast to observations for many homeobox genes in the mouse mammary gland in which homeobox gene expression is lost on neoplastic progression, IRX-2 expression is maintained in human mammary neoplasias. Data suggest IRX-2 functions in epithelial cell differentiation and demonstrate regulated expression during ductal and lobular proliferation as well as lactation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051316
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro alteration of macrophage phenotype and function by serum lipids (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 296 (1999), S. 331-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Cytokine ; ELISA ; FACScan ; Lipids ; Macrophage ; Monocyte ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Diabetes (type I and type II) affects approximately 13 million people in the United States. Delayed and incomplete healing of wounds can be a major problem for diabetic patients. Macrophages are an important cell in the complex process of wound repair representing the major source of cytokines throughout the wound-healing process. Cytokines mediate many of the cellular responses critical to timely wound repair. It has been suggested that diabetes impairs wound healing through disruption of local cytokine production. Our previous in vivo studies in rats demonstrated that diabetes-induced and diet-induced hyperlipidemia cause changes in macrophage phenotype and function (Iacopino 1995; Doxey et al. 1998), suggesting that alterations in macrophage cytokine profiles represent the cellular/molecular mechanism responsible for delayed wound healing. The purpose of this study was to investigate how monocyte maturation/differentiation and cytokine production were altered by serum lipids in an in vitro system using human cells. Commercially prepared purified human monocytes were cultured and exposed to serum lipids. Phenotypic analysis of differentiated macrophages was then performed by flow cytometry and fluorescent microscopy using surface antigens specific for various macrophage subsets. Selected cytokines in conditioned medium were assayed using commercial human enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. We demonstrate that serum lipids cause an increase in monocytic differentiation leading to an inflammatory macrophage phenotype rather than a reparative/proliferative phenotype. We also show that serum lipids cause a generalized decrease in macrophage cytokine production using interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) as marker cytokines. Our present in vitro results using human cells confirm our previous in vivo studies in the rat and support the hypothesis that diabetes-induced hyperlipidemia alters the monocyte differentiation process resulting in changes of macrophage subsets and cytokine release at the wound site, ultimately impairing the wound-healing process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051293
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  • 103
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Frozen cultured sheets of human epidermal keratinocytes enhance healing of full-thickness wounds in mice (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 296 (1999), S. 575-585 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Cultured epidermis ; Keratinocyte ; Epithelialization ; Wound healing ; Human ; Mouse (NMRI)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Sheets of cultured allogeneic human keratinocytes have been used for the treatment of burns and chronic leg ulcers but there has been no animal assay for the therapeutic action of these cultures. In order to analyze the effects of frozen cultures of human keratinocytes on wound healing, we have developed such an assay based on the rate of repair of full-thickness skin wounds in immunocompetent NMR1 mice. Reepithelialization of the control wounds, originating from the murine epithelium at the edge of the wound, occurred at a constant rate of advance of 150 µm/day. When frozen cultured human epidermal sheets were thawed at room temperature for 5–10 min and applied to the surface of the wound, the murine epithelium advanced at 267 µm/day. Most wounds treated with frozen cultures completely healed after 10 days, whereas most control wounds required 16 days. The accelerated reepithelialization did not depend on the presence of proliferative human keratinocytes in the frozen cultures. The cultures also promoted early formation of granulation tissue and laminin deposition over the surface of the wound bed. This simple assay should permit quantitative analysis of the effects on healing exerted not only by cultured cells, but also by proteins and small molecules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051319
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  • 104
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intracellular production of interleukin-18 in human epithelial-like cell lines is enhanced by hyperosmotic stress in vitro (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 297 (1999), S. 467-473 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Interleukin-18 ; Hyperosmotic conditions ; Epithelial cells ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Interleukin-18 is a novel multifunctional cytokine, which enhances natural killer cell activity and promotes the induction of cytokine production, including that of interferon-γ by T cells and antitumor effects. Interleukin-18 is produced by cells of several different tissues (e.g., macrophages, keratinocytes, osteoblasts, and intestinal epithelium); however, it is unclear what physiological conditions or stimuli induce interleukin-18 production. To determine physiological conditions for the production of interleukin-18, we have examined the effect of mannitol-induced hyperosmotic conditions on normal human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and eight established human epithelial-like cell lines (Intestine 407, Caco-2, A253, HeLa, SCC25, HT1197, ACHN, A549). Hyperosmotic conditions induced interleukin-18 immunoreactivity in all the human cell lines tested, as detected by immunocytochemistry. The enhanced interleukin-18 production was also observed when mannitol was replaced with NaCl as the inducer of hyperosmotic stress. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays revealed that interleukin-18 concentrations in cell extracts were significantly increased by hyperosmotic conditions. Reporter gene assays also revealed that hyperosmotic conditions stimulated transcriptional activity of the interleukin-18 promoter. These results show for the first time that hyperosmotic stress is a stimulator of interleukin-18 production in epithelial-like cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051373
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  • 105
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical demonstration of inter-α-trypsin inhibitor light chain (bikunin) in human mast cells (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 297 (1999), S. 149-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words α1-Microglobulin ; Bikunin ; Inter-α-trypsin inhibitor ; Mast cells ; Trypstatin ; Urinary trypsin inhibitor ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  We recently reported that the rat mast cell proteinase inhibitor trypstatin is genetically identical with the second half of inter-α-trypsin inhibitor light chain (ITI-LC), also known as bikunin or urinary trypsin inhibitor (UTI). In this study, therefore, immunoreactivities of mast cells of various human tissues were examined with three antibodies, anti-human ITI-LC, anti-ITI, which recognizes mainly heavy chains or the sugar moiety of ITI, and anti-α 1-microglobulin (α1mG). ITI-LC immunoreactivity was strongly found in mast cells in the connective tissues of various organs except for those of the propria mucosae of small intestine. Neither anti-ITI antibody nor anti-α1mG antibody reacted with mast cells in various tissues. By reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis, α1mG/ITI-LC mRNA was not detected in the skin and tongue, and only weakly in small intestine, although ITI-LC immunoreactivity was strongly detected in these tissues. Furthermore, the mRNA was not expressed in cultured human mast cells. These results suggest that ITI-LC protein is stored in the granules of human connective tissue mast cells, though is not produced by them.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051342
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  • 106
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential in vitro phenotype pattern, transforming growth factor-β1 activity and mRNA expression of transforming growth factor-β1 in Apert osteoblasts (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 297 (1999), S. 475-483 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Osteoblasts ; Extracellular matrix ; Transforming growth factor-β1 ; Basic fibroblast growth factor ; Apert’s syndrome ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The phenotype of Apert osteoblasts differs from that of normal osteoblasts in the accumulation of macromolecules in the extracellular matrix. Apert osteoblasts increase type I collagen, fibronectin and glycosaminoglycans secretion compared with normal osteoblasts. Because the extracellular matrix macromolecule accumulation is greatly modulated by transforming growth factor-β1, we examined the ability of normal and Apert osteoblasts to secrete transforming growth factor-β1 by CCL-64 assay and to produce transforming growth factor-β1 by analysis of the mRNA expression of transforming growth factor-β1. Northern blot analysis revealed an increased amount of transforming growth factor-β1 mRNA expression in Apert osteoblasts compared with normal ones. Moreover, the level of the active transforming growth factor-β1 isoform was higher in Apert than in normal media. In pathologic cells, the increase in transforming growth factor-β1 gene expression was associated with a parallel increase in the factor secreted into the medium. The level of transforming growth factor-β1 was decreased by the addition of basic fibroblast growth factor. Transforming growth factor-β1 is controlled temporally and spatially during skeletal tissue development and produces complex stimulatory and inhibitory changes in osteoblast functions. We hypothesise that in vitro differences between normal and Apert osteoblasts may be correlated to different transforming growth factor-β1 cascade patterns, probably due to an altered balance between transforming growth factor-β1 and basic fibroblast growth factor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051374
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  • 107
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The endothelin system in human and monkey ovaries: in situ gene expression of the different components (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 295 (1999), S. 101-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Endothelin ; Endothelin receptors ; Endothelin-converting enzyme ; Ovary ; In situ hybridization ; Human ; Cynomolgus monkey
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The endothelin system is composed of three endothelin isoforms (ET-1, ET-2, and ET-3), the endothelin receptors ETA and ETB, and the endothelin-converting enzyme (ECE). Besides having a major vasoactive role, endothelins have roles in different cell types at a local level. We investigated the presence of the different components of the endothelin system in primate ovaries. Human ovaries and gonadotropin-stimulated monkey ovaries were studied using immunohistochemistry for endothelin, and in situ hybridization with probes for ET-1, ET-2, ET-3, ETA and ETB receptors, and ECE. ET-1 and ETA receptors were detected in endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells, respectively, in stromal vessels adjacent to follicles and corpora lutea. ETB receptors and ET-1 were found in the endothelial cells of capillaries of corpora lutea. ECE was present in internal theca cells of secondary, de Graaf, atretic follicles, and in luteinized granulosa cells of the corpora lutea. The endothelin system components are present in or around the follicles of human and monkey ovaries. Although the components are not expressed in the same cell types, they are synthesized, mainly in follicles, by cells that are in close proximity. Thus, the endothelin system could act in a paracrine manner. ECE expression in steroid-producing cells changes its compartmentalization during follicle maturation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051216
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  • 108
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Paracrine regulation of distinct trophoblast functions in vitro by placental macrophages (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 295 (1999), S. 297-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Trophoblast ; Macrophages ; Placenta ; Cell culture ; Paracrine regulation ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In view of the accumulating evidence for paracrine mechanisms regulating trophoblast function, we tested the hypothesis that placental macrophages affect trophoblast activity in a paracrine fashion. Trophoblast was isolated from 17 term placentas (–IP). One aliquot of cells was further immunopurified (+IP) using an HLA class I antibody. This increased the proportion of trophoblast (+IP 〉97%; –IP ∼70%) as identified by rigorous immunocytochemistry. Most (∼70%) non-trophoblast cells in –IP were macrophages. The cells were cultured for 5 days with a daily medium change. In addition, +IP cells from seven placentas were cultured with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated or -unstimulated macrophage-conditioned media. The concentrations of lactate, trophoblast-specific hormones, human chorionic gonadotropin-β (hCG-β) and human placental lactogen (hPL), of several prostanoids and of endothelin-1 and angiotensin II were determined in the culture media. The accumulated amounts of substances released into the culture media, corrected for the greater proportion of trophoblast in +IP cultures, were on average two- to threefold higher (hCG-β: 18-fold) in +IP than in –IP, with the exception of endothelin-1,2 (no change), angiotensin II (–70%) and 6-keto-prostaglandin-F1α (–40%). [3H]leucine incorporation into the trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-precipitable pool measured on day 5 was twofold higher in +IP than in –IP. Addition of conditioned media reverted these changes. The data demonstrate that placental macrophages in culture affect trophoblast biosynthetic activity in a paracrine fashion. We conclude that macrophages are important regulators of trophoblast activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051236
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  • 109
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunoultrastructural expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in endothelial cell vesiculotubular structures and vesiculovacuolar organelles in blood-brain barrier development and injury (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 295 (1999), S. 77-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Cerebrovascular development and injury ; Hemangioma ; Angiogenesis ; Immunocytochemistry ; Adhesion molecules ; Conventional transmission and high-voltage electron microscopy ; Mouse (C57BL ; SJL/J) ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Blood vessels from the vasculature of mouse brains during postnatal development and from human brain tumors (hemangiomas) removed at biopsy were examined immunocytochemically by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) or high-voltage transmission electron microscopy (HVEM) to determine the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). In the mouse brains, ICAM-1 was shown to be initially expressed on the luminal and abluminal endothelial cell (EC) surfaces on day 3 after birth. ICAM-1 intensity increased on the luminal EC surfaces and labeled vesiculotubular profiles (VTS, defined in the present report) between days 5 and 7. After 2 weeks and at 6 months after birth, ICAM-1 labeling was weak or absent on the luminal EC surfaces. The hemangiomas presented a strong ICAM-1 reaction product on the luminal EC surfaces of small and large blood vessels associated with the VTS, with a weaker labeling of the abluminal or adventitial aspects of larger blood vessels. TEM of vesiculovacuolar structures (VVOs) within ECs from arteries and veins also demonstrated reaction product for ICAM-1 labeling. Three-dimensional stereo-pair images in the HVEM enhanced the visualization of gold particles that were attached to the inner-delimiting membrane surfaces of EC VTS, and VVOs, respectively. These observations raise the possibility that the neonatal leukocytes and tumor cells may utilize these endothelial structures as a route across the developing and injured blood-brain barrier (BBB).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051214
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  • 110
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low-density lipoproteins modulate endothelial cells to secrete endothelin-1 in a polarized pattern: a study using a culture model system simulating arterial intima (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 295 (1999), S. 89-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Atherosclerosis ; Culture model ; Endothelial cell ; Endothelin-1 ; Oxidized LDL ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We investigated the structural and functional properties of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) cultured on a two-chamber culture model system using an amnion membrane. Compared to HUVECs cultured on a plastic dish, HUVECs cultured on the model system exhibited several features similar to those of in vivo vessels, including formation of the intercellular junctional devices and expression of tight junction-associated protein ZO-1 and adherence junction-associated protein α-catenin. Furthermore, we found that HUVECs had a property of polar secretion of endothelin-1 (ET-1). About 90% of the total amount of synthesized ET-1 was found in the lower well, designated as the basal side. When HUVECs were incubated with either native low-density lipoproteins (nLDLs) or oxidized LDLs (oxLDLs) at a concentration of 100 μg/ml, ET-1 secretion was significantly increased, dependent on the cell side (apical vs basal) on which the nLDLs or oxLDLs were loaded. When the LDLs were loaded on the apical side, the secretion of ET-1 from HUVECs on the apical side was increased by 48% (nLDL) and 61% (oxLDL), whereas it was accompanied by a concomitant decrease of ET-1 on the basal side (45% by nLDLs and 38% by oxLDLs). When loaded on the basal side, however, ET-1 was increased by 23% (nLDLs) and 53% (oxLDLs) on the basal side, with a 26% simultaneous decrease of ET-1 on the opposite side for both nLDLs and oxLDLs. On the contrary, high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) inhibited ET-1 secretion from HUVECs on the opposite side of the well on which HDLs were loaded; there was a 57% decrease on the basal side when HDLs were loaded on the apical side, and a 46% decrease on the apical side when loaded on the basal side. These results indicate that modulation of ET-1 secretion from ECs by lipoproteins is virtually dependent on the place (apical vs basal) where these proteins are present. The finding that nLDLs and oxLDLs enhance ET-1 secretion by ECs in a polarized pattern suggests that ET-1 may be involved in pathophysiological processes such as atherogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051215
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  • 111
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The distribution and ultrastructure of class II MHC-positive cells in human dental pulp (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 295 (1999), S. 151-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Class II MHC-positive cells ; Human leukocyte antigen-DR ; Dental pulp ; Dendritic cells ; Macrophages ; Ultrastructure ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The distribution and ultrastructure of class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-positive cells were investigated in human dental pulp, employing immunohistochemistry using an anti-human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR-monoclonal antibody. HLA-DR-immunopositive cells, appearing spindle-like or dendritic in profile, were densely distributed throughout the dental pulp. Under the electron microscope, these cells exhibited various sizes of vesicles containing clear or opaque contents, multivesicular bodies and characteristic fine tubulovesicular structures in their cytoplasm. Some reactive cells possessed coated pits and vesicles including electron-dense materials, indicating an active endocytosis. At the periphery of the pulp tissue, the HLA-DR-immunopositive cells were predominantly situated in the subodontoblastic layer, with some located in the odontoblast layer and/or predentin and extending their cytoplasmic processes into the dentinal tubules. Cell processes of these cells occasionally made contact with several odontoblast processes in the same way as the nerve fibers in the predentin. These cells never contained the typical phagosomes frequently observed in the HLA-DR-immunoreactive macrophages in the subodontoblastic layer and the pulp core. The results suggest that the HLA-DR-immunopositive cells in the odontoblast layer and/or predentin have some regulatory function on the odontoblasts under physiological conditions, in addition to their involvement in the initial defense reaction after tooth injury.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051221
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  • 112
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and function of the human oocyte-cumulus-corona cell complex before and after ovulation (1999)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 206 (1999), S. 270-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Cumulus oophorus ; Ovarian follicle ; Fertilization ; Ultrastructure ; Immunocytochemistry ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The fine structure of the human cumulus oophorus has been reviewed on the basis of scanning and transmission electron microscopic observations as well as of immunofluorescence data. Tissues sampled from preovulatory ovarian follicles and cumulus-enclosed oocytes and fertilized eggs (collected from the oviduct or obtained during in vitro fertilization procedures) have been evaluated from a microtopographic and morphodynamic point of view in order to better clarify the possible role of this population of cells. In particular, the following aspects have been studied and discussed: the presence of multiple close contacts (modulated by the interposition of the zona pellucida) between the oocyte surface and the long microvillous evaginations projecting from the inner aspect of corona cells surface (through these structures the intraovarian cumulus oophorus may control oocyte growth and metabolism up until the time of ovulation); the occurrence of different subpopulations of cells (steroid-synthetic cells, cells producing adhesive proteins, leukocytes, macrophages) in the postovulatory, extraovarian cumulus oophorus surrounding oocytes, zygotes and early developing embryos. All these elements found in the cumulus mass may positively act, through their paracrine activities, on the chemical composition of the microenvironment in which fertilization occurs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01288215
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  • 113
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vessel size-dependent expression of intermediate-sized filaments, calponin, and h-caldesmon in smooth muscle cells of human coronary arteries (1999)
    Springer
    Heart and vessels 14 (1999), S. 253-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-2573
    Keywords: Smooth muscle cell ; Heterogeneity ; Coronary artery ; Human ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The arterial media is composed of a heterogeneous population of smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Recently, the properties of SMCs were observed to be heterogeneous not only among individual cells but also among arteries of the same vascular bed. To test the hypothesis that a site-specific heterogeneity exists in the SMCs of human coronary arteries, we examined the expression of desmin, vimentin, calponin, and high-molecular-weight (h-) caldesmon in arteries of various sizes. Specimens of arteries were obtained at autopsy from 12 patients: 6 adults (67 ± 4 years old); 3 younger adults (26 ± 2 years old); and 3 neonates. The size of the arteries was estimated by the number of SMC layers of the media. The expression was compared in SMCs of large arteries (〉10 layers in adults, 〉5 layers in neonates), medium-sized arteries (5–10 layers in adults, 3–5 SMC layers in neonates), and small arteries (〈3 layers). In adults, the percentage of arteries positive for desmin was lower in the small (17% ± 3%) and medium-sized arteries (44% ± 12%) than in the large arteries (94% ± 6%) (P 〈 0.01). The percentage of arteries positive for calponin was also lower in the small (18% ± 2%) and medium-sized arteries (66% ± 5%) than in the large arteries (100%) (P 〈 0.01). The percentage for vimentin and h-caldesmon did not differ among large, medium-sized, and small arteries. These observations in adults were similar to those in younger adults or neonates. The phenotypes of medial SMCs are vessel sizedependent in human coronary arteries. This finding should be important for understanding the site-specific characteristics of vascular function in the regulation of myocardial perfusion or those of vascular responses to environmental changes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01747855
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  • 114
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The measurement of force/velocity relationships of fresh and fatigued human adductor pollicis muscle (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 80 (1999), S. 386-393 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Key words Skeletal Muscle ; Human ; Force/velocity ; Fatigue ; Isokinetic testing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of the study was to obtain force/velocity relationships for electrically stimulated (80 Hz) human adductor pollicis muscle (n = 6) and to quantify the effects of fatigue. There are two major problems of studying human muscle in situ; the first is the contribution of the series elastic component, and the second is a loss of force consequent upon the extent of loaded shortening. These problems were tackled in two ways. Records obtained from isokinetic releases from maximal isometric tetani showed a late linear phase of force decline, and this was extrapolated back to the time of release to obtain measures of instantaneous force. This method gave usable data up to velocities of shortening equivalent to approximately one-third of maximal velocity. An alternative procedure (short activation, SA) allowed the muscle to begin shortening when isometric force reached a value that could be sustained during shortening (essentially an isotonic protocol). At low velocities both protocols gave very similar data (r 2 = 0.96), but for high velocities only the SA procedure could be used. Results obtained using the SA protocol in fresh muscle were compared to those for muscle that had been fatigued by 25 s of ischaemic isometric contractions, induced by electrical stimulation at the ulnar nerve. Fatigue resulted in a decrease of isometric force [to 69 (3)%], an increase in half-relaxation time [to 431 (10)%], and decreases in maximal shortening velocity [to 77 (8)%] and power [to 42 (5)%]. These are the first data for human skeletal muscle to show convincingly that during acute fatigue, power is reduced as a consequence of both the loss of force and slowing of the contractile speed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004210050608
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  • 115
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Maintenance of myoglobin concentration in human skeletal muscle after heavy resistance training (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 79 (1999), S. 347-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Key words Citrate synthase activity ; Human ; Myoglobin concentration ; Protocols ; Resistance training ; Vastus lateralis muscle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the effects of 8 weeks of resistance training (RT) on the myoglobin concentration ([Mb]) in human skeletal muscle, and to compare the change in the [Mb] in two different RT protocols. The two types of protocol used were interval RT (IRT) of moderate to low intensity with a high number of repetitions and a short recovery time, and repetition RT (RRT) of high intensity with a low number of repetitions and a long recovery time. A group of 11 healthy male adults voluntarily participated in this study and were divided into IRT (n = 6) and RRT (n = 5) groups. Both training protocols were carried out twice a week for 8 weeks. At the completion of the training period, the one-repetition maximal force values and isometric force were increased significantly in all the subjects, by about 38.8% and 26.0%, respectively (P 〈 0.01). The muscle fibre composition was unchanged by the 8 weeks of training. The muscle fibre cross-sectional areas were increased significantly by both types of training in all fibre types (I, IIa and IIb, mean +16.1%, P 〈 0.05). The [Mb] showed no significant changes at the completion of the training [IRT from 4.63 (SD 0.63) to 4.48 (SD 0.72), RRT from 4.47 (SD 0.75) to 4.24 (SD 0.80) mg · g−1 wet tissue] despite a significant decrease in citrate synthase activity [IRT from 5.27 (SD 1.45) to 4.49 (SD 1.48), RRT from 5.33 (SD 2.09) to 4.85 (SD 1.87) μmol · min−1 · g−1 wet tissue; P 〈 0.05] observed after both protocols. These results suggested that myoglobin and mitochondria enzymes were regulated by different mechanisms in response to either type of RT. Moreover, the maintained [Mb] in hypertrophied muscle should preserve oxygen transport from capillaries to mitochondria even when diffusion distance is increased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004210050519
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    Changes in movement final position associated with agonist and antagonist muscle fatigue (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 80 (1999), S. 467-471 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Key words Fatigue ; Movement ; Position ; Muscle ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have tested the hypothesis that agonist and antagonist muscle fatigue could affect the final position of rapid, discrete movements. Six subjects performed consecutive elbow flexion and extension movements between two targets, with their eyes closed prior to, and after fatiguing the elbow extensor muscles. The results demonstrate that elbow extension movements performed in the post-test period systematically undershot the final position as compared to pre-test movements. However, attainment of the aimed final position in elbow flexion movements was unaffected by fatiguing of the extensor muscles. Undershoot of the final position obtained in extension movements was associated with agonist muscle fatigue, a result that was expected from the point of view of current motor control theories, and that could be explained by a reduced ability of the shortening muscle to exert force. On the other hand, the absence of the expected overshoot of the final position when the antagonist is fatigued, indicates the involvement of various reflex and/or central mechanisms operating around the stretched muscle that could contribute to returning the limb to the standard final position after a brief prominent overshoot.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004210050619
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  • 117
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    Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease in children (1999)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 256 (1999), S. 370-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Key words Gastroesophageal reflux disease ; Human ; papilloma virus ; Laryngeal papillomatosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The hallmark of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is an increased exposure of esophageal and laryngeal mucosa to gastric juice. This exposure can cause complications such as chronic laryngitis or chronic respiratory diseases. We report our experience in managing three pediatric patients with severe recurrent juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis (JLP) associated with GERD. All patients showed a high rate of recurrence requiring multiple laser surgeries. Systemic αinterferon therapy over a period of more than 1 year and photodynamic therapy with dihematoporphyrin produced no improvement. However, after therapy for GERD, the rate of recurrence of JLP decreased significantly. Although the course of respiratory papillomatosis is known to fluctuate, our findings suggest that gastroesophageal reflux may have a role in aggravating papillomatosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004050050166
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  • 118
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    Brain Spatial Microstates of Human Spontaneous Alpha Activity in Relaxed Wakefulness, Drowsiness Period, and REM Sleep (1999)
    Springer
    Brain topography 11 (1999), S. 257-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6792
    Keywords: EEG ; Alpha activity ; Spatial segmentation techniques ; Wakefulness ; Sleep onset ; REM sleep ; Dream imagery ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Spontaneous alpha activity clearly present in relaxed wakefulness with closed eyes, drowsiness period at sleep onset, and REM sleep was studied with spatial segmentation methods in order to determine if the brain activation state would be modulating the alpha spatial microstates composition and duration. These methods of spatial segmentation show some advantages: i) they extract topographic descriptors independent of the chosen reference (reference-free methods), and ii) they achieve spatial data reduction that are more data-driven than dipole source analysis. The results obtained with this study revealed that alpha activity presented a different spatio-temporal pattern of brain electric fields in each arousal state used in this study. These differences were reflected in a) the mean duration of alpha microstates (longer in relaxed wakefulness than in drowsy period and REM sleep), b) the number of brain microstates contained in one second (drowsiness showed more different microstates than did relaxed wakefulness and REM state), and c) the number of different classes (more abundant in drowsiness than in the rest of brain states). If we assume that longer segments of stable brain activity imply a lesser amount of different information to process (as reflected by a higher stability of the brain generator), whereas shorter segments imply a higher number of brain microstates caused by more different steps of information processing, it is possible that the alpha activity appearing in the sleep onset period could be indexing the hypnagogic imagery self-generated by the sleeping brain, and a phasic event in the case of REM sleep. Probably, REM-alpha bursts are associated with a brain microstate change (such as sleep spindles), as demonstrated by its phasic intrusion in a desynchronized background of brain activity. On the other hand, alpha rhythm could be the “baseline” of brain activity when the sensory inputs are minimum and the state is relaxed wakefulness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022213302688
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  • 119
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    Lateralization of Cerebral Activation in Auditory Verbal and Non-Verbal Memory Tasks Using Magnetoencephalography (1999)
    Springer
    Brain topography 12 (1999), S. 89-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6792
    Keywords: Magnetoencephalography ; Human ; Words ; Tones ; Cerebral dominance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The magnetic flux normal to the scalp surface was measured with a whole-head neuromagnetometer while right-handed subjects (N = 15) were engaged in either an auditory word- or a tone-recognition task. Sources of the recorded magnetic fields were modeled as equivalent current dipoles at 4 ms intervals and the number of sources in the later portion of the magnetic response was used as an index of the degree of brain activation. Significantly more sources were found in the left as compared to the right hemisphere in the word but not the tone task on a group basis. On an individual basis, 13/15 subjects had more sources in the left as compared to the right hemisphere during the word task, while in the tone task 3/10 subjects showed this pattern. Sources of activity were found in the left superior and middle temporal gyri in all subjects with available MRI scans. Sources were also found in the supramarginal gyrus and in medial temporal areas, including the hippocampus, in the majority of cases. MEG appears to be a promising tool for detecting activity in cerebral areas specialized for language and memory function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1023458110869
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    Masthead (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330101
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  • 121
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    Projektionsversuche mit dem Diaprojektor (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 45-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A variety of demonstration experiments can be shown to a large audience with a minimum amount of chemicals by using an ordinary slide projector and easily mounted cuvettes. A detailed instruction for assembling the cuvettes is given as m d l as examples for suitable demonstration experiments in general, inorganic, organic and physical chemistry.
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330106
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    Wer und was ist es? (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 61-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330111
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  • 123
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    Dokumentation (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 66-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330114
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    Rückblick (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 67-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330117
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  • 125
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    Masthead (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330201
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  • 126
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    Umweltprobenbanken-eine wichtige Säule der Umweltbeobachtung (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 95-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Natural events as well as human activities are affecting the environment and even with largescale monitoring programs it is not possible to completely assess the state of the environment. But a documentation of the environmental status with respect to its chemical composition can be realized with systematically collected representative environmental samples, which can be stored for decades at very low temperatures almost without degradation. Such ‘banking activity’ allows a current environmental monitoring and also a retrospective analysis for the determination of components which have not been analyzed at the time of sampling because of ta lack in analytical techniques or because they have not been known or considered environmentally relevant. The concept of environmental specimen banking and general procedures are described. Various examples illustrate the many facets of such activities.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330205
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  • 127
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    Jobsuch auf dem Internet (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 128-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Arbeitsmarktsituation in der Chemie hat sich in den letzten Jahren spürbar entspannt. Dennoch gibt es auf etlichen, nicht hundertprozentig dem Trend der Zeit entsprechenden Spezialgebieten immer noch einen beträchtlichen Überhang an Stellensuchenden. Entsprechende Mobilität vorausgesetzt, kann das Internet bei der Stellensuche hilfreich sein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330210
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    Rückblick (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 135-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330215
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    Masthead (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330301
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  • 130
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    Quantenchemie auf dem Internet (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 165-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330306
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    Die Rolle des Aerosols im Klimasystem (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 158-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Atmospheric aerosol particles cause one of the largest uncertainties in estimates of human influence on climate - a good reason to take a closer look at the atmospheric life cycle of the aerosols and its effects. Besides a number of primary and secondary natural aerosol sources we need to consider since the beginning of industrialisation strong manmade particle sources. During its residence in the atmosphere the aerosol interacts in many physical and chemical ways with other atmospheric trace substances, most importantly with water vapor and its liquid and solid phases. Through its direct effect on solar and thermal radiation and through its influence on clouds the atmospheric aerosol exerts a climate forcing. To data we cannot predict the ensuing climate response because of our limited understanding of essential atmospheric processes and of the many possible feedbacks within the climate system. However, already our present knowledge of the role of the atmospheric aerosol in the climate system makes strictly global views of anthropogenic climate changes questionable.
    Notes: Der Stand unseres Wissens zum Kreislauf des Atmosphärischen Aerosols und von seiner Rolle im Klimasystem läßt sich wie folgt zusammenfassen: 1Unser Verständnis des globalen Aerosolkreislaufs und vor allem des menschlichen Eingriffs in denselben ist noch sehr unvollständig. Dies gilt in hohem Maße auch für die mit diesem Kreislauf verbundenen chemischen Mehrphasenprozesse.2Ein negativer direkter Klimaantrieb anthropogener Aerosole existiert über die Streuung und Absorption, hat aber noch große Unsicherheiten und kann über hoch mit Rußpartikeln belasteten Gebieten auch positive Werte annehmen.3Ein indirekter Klimaantrieb anthropogener Aerosole existiert wahrscheinlich und hat ebenfalls ein negatives Vorzeichen. Seine Größenordnung und Unsicherheiten lassen sich noch nicht quantifizieren.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330305
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  • 132
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    Welche Bedeutung haben Theoretische Konzepte in der Chemie? (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 177-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Chemical concepts are important to gain a qualitative understanding of chemistry. They are needed to find interesting questions to which experimental research as well as quantum-chemical investigations and computer simulations can contribute. We point out why chemical concepts should be seen as an important and from fundamental physical theories to a certain degree independent part of chemistry. An overview and analysis of some concepts - which are often introduced only in connection with special examples instead of a discussion for their own sake - are given. We take a closer look at some concepts to illustrate our assertions. An analysis of the stability of the cyclic (MoNL3)-trimer demonstrates how these concepts work and what they can tell us about this special case.
    Notes: Wir haben versucht, deutlich zu machen, wie wichtig theoretische Konzepte in der Chemie sind. Dabei gelangen wir zu folgenden Schlußfolgerungen über die Konzepte, die in der Chemie herangezogen werden, um Beobachtungen zu deuten und zu verstehen: Qualitativ chemische Konzepte sind für ein Verständnis der Chemie unverzichtbar. Eine quantenchemische Berechnung liefert nicht automatisch Verständnis und Einordnung in einen Gesamtzusammenhang.Erst die vereinfachende Beschreibung chemischer Konzepte ermöglicht eine unmittelbare Diskussion chemischer Fragestellungen.Die Konzepte sind trotz grundlegender physikalischer Theorien bis zu einem gewissen Grade eigenständig.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330312
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    Masthead (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330401
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    Hundert Jahre Aspirin® (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 213-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The article commemorates the centenary of the protection of the proprietary mine of Aspirin. The early medicinal uses of salicylic acid derivatives in herbal remedies arc summarised as well as the biosynthesis of these derivatives. The history of the synthesis of salicylic acid and of acetyl salicylic acid (ASS) is described in detail as is the discovery of additional therapeutic applications and the basic pharmacology of ASS.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330406
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    Internet-Werkzeuge für die Zusammenarbeit zwischen Chemikern (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 234-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330409
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    Alchemie. Lexikon einer hermetischen Wissenschaft. Herausgegeben von Claus Priesner und Karin Figala. Verlag C. H. Beck, München 1998. 412 S., 40 Abb., Leinen, DM 68,-. ISBN 3-406-44104-8 (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 239-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330412
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  • 137
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    Dokumentation (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 246-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330417
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  • 138
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    Editorial (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 250-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330502
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  • 139
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    ChiuZ aktuell (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 308-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330508
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    Wer und was ist es? (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 312-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330511
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  • 141
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    Impressum (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 314-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330514
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  • 142
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    Literaturkarusell. Chemie (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. IX 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330518
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    Editorial (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 318-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330602
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  • 144
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    Chemische Biologie (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 354-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Chemical Biology is a rapidly growing field at the interface of organic chemistry and cell biology. Chemical strategies are used to address biological questions not amenable to traditional genetic and biochemical techniques alone. Thc enormous potential of Chemical Biology is illustrated by four recent examples.
    Notes: Chemische Biologie ist eine junge Forschungsrichtung im Grenzgebiet zwischen Organischer Cherme und Zellbiologie, welche aus einem Bedarf nach neuen Techniken zur Untersuchung zellbiologischer Mechanismen entstanden ist. Chemische Methoden werden mit biochemischen und molekularbiologischen Methoden kombiniert, um neuartige Möglichkeiten für die biologische Grundlagenforschung zu schaffen. So werden synthetische Oligosaccharide kovalent an die Oberfläche lebender Zellen gebunden, die Konzentration von Calciumionen im Zytosol künstlich reguliert und Rezeptoren künstlich aktiviert.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330606
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    Elektrosynthesen. Strom doppelt genutzt: Erste technische „Paired Electrosynthesis“ (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 373-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Eine neue Elektrosynthese erfüllt erstmals den Traum der Elektrochemiker, gleichzeitig Anoden- und Kathodenreaktion für organische Synthesen technisch zu nutzen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330610
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  • 146
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    Experimente für die Chemie (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 377-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330614
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  • 147
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    Persistenz und Reichweite von Umweltchemikalien. Von M. Scheringer. Wiley-VCh, Weinheim 1999.XIII + 208 Abb.,17Tab., gebunden, DM 158,-.ISBN 3-527-29752-9 (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 380-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330618
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  • 148
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    Vorbereitungen für die Jahrtausend-Party (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 382-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Around the world, BASF has been preparing for Y2K since 1996. The Information services and the Process Control Technology divisions, as well as embedded systems and logistics, not to mention the company's customers and suppliers have all been systenmatically tested for Y2K capability. In addition, special precautionary measures in particular, at large Verbund sites - will be in place during the switchover period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330621
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  • 149
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    Editorial (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 4-4 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330102
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  • 150
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    Andere iu Z-Zeitschriften (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 66-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330115
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  • 151
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    Gentechnik in der Schule (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 104-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Fonds of German Chemical Industry (FCI) has produced an instrumental kit named „Blue Genes“ which enables High School teachers to perform in their school environment basic experiments of gene analysis and cloning. In particular, the kit contains all necessary equipment and reagents to perform a restriction analysis, and cloning and expression of a bacterial gene.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330206
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  • 152
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    Chemie der Wunder (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 152-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: A few physical phenomena believed to be religious miracles are considered, and scientific explanations for them are proposed.
    Notes: Einige physikalische Phänomene, von denen man glaubte, sie seien religiöse Wunder, werden vorgestellt und wissenschaftliche Erklärungen hierfür vorgeschlagen.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330304
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  • 153
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    Wer und was ist es? (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 173-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330308
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  • 154
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    Lebensgeschichten. Sternstunden der frühen Chemie von Johann Rudolph Glauber bis Justus von Liebig. Von Ernst F. Schwenk. Beck'sche Reihe 1252, Verlag C. H. Beck, München 1998. 288 S., 42 s/w-Abb., Paper-back, DM 19,80. ISBN 3-406-42052-4 (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 176-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330311
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  • 155
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    Literaturkarusell. Interdisziplinäres (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. VIII 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330517
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  • 156
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    Literaturkarusell. Pharmazie (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. XIV 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330520
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  • 157
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    Kupfer  -  Die biochemische Bedeutung eines Metalls (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 334-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The essential trace element copper plays a key role in living systems. Its metalloproteins are involved in various reactions. The IT ononuclear blue copper type-1 proteins take, part in electron transfer processes. Type-2 proteins can either act as oxidases, oxygenases, dioxygenases, or superoxide dismutases, containing one copper core. Dinuclear copper centers of Type-3 proteins are the oxygen transport system hemocyanin, oxidases and oxygenases. Due to this variety of functions copper deficiency and also abundance can cause severe damage of any life form.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330604
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  • 158
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    Fritz Haber, Carl Bosch und Friedrich Bergius  -  Protagonisten der Hochdrucksynthese (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 359-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: It is tried to fix the limits between the notions high pressure synthesis and high temperature chemistry. The work of Fritz Haber to apply high pressure to synthetise ammonia and of Friedrich Bergius to liquify coal to synthetise petrol is described. Special attention is given to the merits of Carl Bosch and his coworkers at BASF for applying the high pressure synthesis into industrial scale. The consequences of thc work of Haber, Bergius und Bosch on chemistry, social and political life and their importance for the present are considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330607
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    Bakterien, Viren, Prionen (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 376-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330613
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  • 160
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    Dokumentation (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 390-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330622
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  • 161
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    Von Biomineralien zu biomimetischen Materialien: Der Weg ist das Ziel (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 6-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Diatoms are unicellular organisms which possess a unique silicified cell wall. Their intricate structures have inspired the imagination of naturalists and scientists throughout centuries. However, molecular biological details about silica metabolic pathways still are obscure. To find out how soft matter can selforganize and create finite solid shapes and complex patterns is certainly one of the most challenging scientific problems today. Especially chemists just have started to unravel the mysteries of chemical morphogenesis.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330103
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    ChiuZ aktuell (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 58-60 
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    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330108
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    Chemie im Selbststudium. Grundkurs Chemie I. Allgemeine und Anorganische Chemie. Von Arnold Arni. überarb. Aulf. 3., überarb. Aufl., WILEY-VCH, Weinheim 1998. XIV + 350 S., 66 Abb., 15 Tab., Broschur, DM 54,-. ISBN 3-527-29542-9. Grundkurs Chemie II. Organische Chemie. 2., überarb. Aufl. WILEY-VCH, Weinheim 1998. XIII + 198 S., 16 Abb., 5 Tab., Broschur, DM 48,-. ISBN 3-527-29562-3 (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 60-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330110
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  • 164
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    Impressum (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 66-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330116
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  • 165
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    Editorial (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 70-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330202
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    Wissenschaft aktuell (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 122-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330208
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  • 167
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    Dokumentation (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 134-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330212
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  • 168
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    Impressum (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 134-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330214
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  • 169
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    Literaturkarusell. Chemie (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. X 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330218
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  • 170
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    Editorial (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 138-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330302
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  • 171
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    ChiuZ aktuell (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 174-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330309
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    Chemie mit Licht. Photochemie. Von D. Wöhrle, M.W. Tausch und W.-D. Stohrer. WILEY-VCH, Weinheim 1998. XVI, 253, S., 169 Abb., 39 Tab., Broschur, DM 128,-.ISBN 3-527-29545-3 (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 175-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330310
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    Editorial (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 190-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330402
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  • 174
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    Sandwich-artige Cyclopentadienylkomplexe von Hauptgruppenelementen (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 342-353 
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    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Cyclopentadienyl (Cp) complexes of maingroup elements are classified and compared in terms of structural types, bonding features, and characteristic reactions. Halfsandwich, sandwich and multidecker sandwich arrangements of different type are observed including cluster species with weak or strong metal-metal bonds. The Cp-El bonding ranges from mainly covalent to purely ionic with important structure-determining intermolecular contacts in the latter. π-Complexation allows the stabilisation of compounds with low-valent elements such as AI(I), Ga(I), and Si(I1). Important reaction principles and applications are shortly described.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330605
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    Wissenschaft aktuell (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 367-372 
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    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330608
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    ChiuZ aktuell (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 375-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330612
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    Schreiben und publizieren in den naturwissenschaften. Vin H.F.Ebel u C. Bliefert. 4., völlig neu bearb. Aufl., WILEY-VCh, Weinheim 1988.XIV + 550 s., Broschur, Dm 68,-ISBN 3-527-29626-3 (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 378-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330615
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    Wer war es? (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 381-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330620
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  • 179
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    Andere iu Z-Zeitschriften (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 390-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330623
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    Wissenschaft aktuell (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 53-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330107
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    Koffeinschub für Chemie-Applets im WWW (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 62-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330112
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  • 182
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    Wer war es? (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 129-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330211
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  • 183
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    Andere iu Z-Zeitschriften (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 134-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330213
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  • 184
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    Literaturkarusell. Biologie (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. V 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330216
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  • 185
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    Literaturkarusell. Physik (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. VIII 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330217
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  • 186
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    Electronic Resource
    Impressum (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 186-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330315
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  • 187
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    Electronic Resource
    Methyltrioxorhenium (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 192-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330403
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  • 188
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    Molekulare Aspekte des Alterns (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 221-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In the last decade, major advances in the understanding of the biology of aging were made. Studies in worms, flies and yeast led to the identification of several life-extending genes. In mammals, two genes were found which, when mutated, shorten life span. Previous studies in rodents reporting life span prolongation by caloric restriction were confirmed and extended to lower organisms. The studies arc consistent with and supportive of the free radical theory of aging, which secs reactive oxygen species as the main contributor to aging. A refinement of this theory puts mitochondrial DNA into the center of the aging process. It appears that mitochondrial DNA may be both, a yardstick for the biological age and a signalling device to tell the organism when to die. A diet low in calories and high in antioxidants promises to lead to a better quality of life at old age and possibly to increased life span for humans.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330407
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  • 189
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    Electronic Resource
    ChiuZ aktuell (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 237-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330411
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  • 190
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    Radikale und Radikalionen in der Organischen Synthese. Von Torsten Linker und Michael Schmittel. WILEY-VCH, Weinheim 1998. 421 S., DM 88,-. ISBN 3-527-29492-9 (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 241-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330415
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  • 191
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    Electronic Resource
    Impressum (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 247-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330419
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  • 192
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    Electronic Resource
    Wiederaufladbare Batterien (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 252-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This first part of „Rechargeable Batteries“ is devoted to materials and reactions in batteries with aqueous electrolytes. Lead-acid, nickelcadmium, nickel-metal hydride, and various zinc systems, such as zinc-manganese oxide, zinc-air, and zinc-bromine cells are discussed. Special attention is paid to the limited electrochemical stability window of the aqueous electrolytes, which enables overcharge and overdischarge protection of the battery but limits cell voltages to less than 2 Volts. In the following part of this article we will focus on nonaqueous electrolyte-based rechargeable batteries. Due to thc wider electrochemical stability window of these electrolytes high specific charge and high cell voltage batteries can be realized, e.g., the „4 V“ lithium ion cell.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330503
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  • 193
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    Wissenschaft aktuell (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 304-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330507
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  • 194
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    Electronic Resource
    Dokumentation (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 314-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330512
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  • 195
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    Chemie erlebt - 50 jahre GDCH. Hrsg. von der Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker. Das Buch ist im Eigenverlag erschienen und kann bei der Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker, Abteilung Öffentlichkeitsarbeit, Postfach 900440,60444 Frankfurt/M bestellt werde,304 S., Dm 39,-ISBN 3-924763-79-8 (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 379-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330616
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  • 196
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    Impressum (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 390-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330624
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  • 197
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    Electronic Resource
    Feste Lösungen (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 33-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Solid solutions arc an area of inorganic chemistry that encompasses a wide variety of natural and synthetic compounds. This article is intended to be a selection of interesting examples which illustrate the importance of solid solutions in everyday life and industrial applications. A short discussion of the theoretical background is given, followed by the description of solid solutions of non-metals in metals such as steel. Furthermore, solid solutions with important optical (e.g. laser materials) and electrical properties (e.g. β-alumina) are discussed, referring to their chemical structure and technological relevance.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330105
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  • 198
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    ChiuZ aktuell (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 126-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330209
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  • 199
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    Electronic Resource
    Primärprozesse der Photosynthese und ihre Modellierung (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 72-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Photosynthesis is one of the most fascinating fields of current interdisciplinary research. It seems miraculous that Nature, in the process of evolution, has managed to bring about a 100% quantum yield in charge separation occurring in the primary processes within the photosynthetic reaction centers. In fact, wasteful deactivation of the photoexcited electronic states into the ground state should be favoured and thus prevent charge separation. Biomimetic model compounds have been synthesized, essentially from porphyrins and quinones, resembling the redoxactive cofactors, Nature has developed. The underlying philosophy of this approach is to design and prepare suitable organic molecules allowing the specific properties of the complex electron transfer reactions to be tuned appropriately. Special emphasis is given the through comparison of structures and functions of native and artificial systems. The prominent electron transfer characteristics are discussed in particular by using time-resolved picosecond fluorescence and time-resolved EPR techniques.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330203
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  • 200
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    Electronic Resource
    Literaturkarusell. Pharmazie (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. XI 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330219
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