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  • 1960-1964  (1,236)
  • 1920-1924
  • 1820-1829
  • 1962  (1,236)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (1,190)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (46)
Material
Years
  • 1960-1964  (1,236)
  • 1920-1924
  • 1820-1829
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 6 (1962), S. S23 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 6 (1962), S. S24 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 6 (1962), S. 600-604 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The steady-state flow of viscose in a capillary tube viscometer was investigated to determine the rheological properties of this fluid as a function of cellulose concentration and molecular weight. It was found that the flow consistency index increased with increasing cellulose content at constant molecular weight. The flow behavior index was not affected under these conditions. At constant cellulose content, the flow behavior index was found to decrease as the molecular weight of the cellulose molecule was increased. Steady-state velocity profiles for viscose flowing in a round tube under laminar conditions are also presented as a function of the flow behavior index.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 6 (1962), S. S25 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 6 (1962), S. S27 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 6 (1962), S. S28 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 6 (1962), S. S29 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 6 (1962), S. 98-102 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An apparatus for polyvinyl chloride thermal degradation under isothermal conditions and in a controlled atmosphere is described with precision. Continuous measurement of loss of weight of the sample under degradation and, at the same time, continuous titration of hydrochloric acid evolved, can be carried out. The apparatus consists essentially of a magnetically equilibrated Ugine-Eyraud balance, in which runs a purified gas stream that picks up volatile products in an argentimetric titration cell, coupled to a titrimeter and recorder. Total precision of simultaneous measurements is 1%. An example of the experimental results is given.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 6 (1962), S. S1 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 6 (1962), S. 103-110 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: For a commercial polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polymerized in suspension, decomposition kinetics were studied in a nitrogen atmosphere and isothermal conditions, from 150 to 250°C., by measuring simultaneously loss of hydrochloric acid and loss of weight. Below 200°C., hydrochloric acid is the only volatile product freed; reaction is zero order and activation energy is 20 kcal./mole HCl. Active centers are mainly end chains of unsaturated structures. The reaction is terminated by mutual destruction of radicals, creating crosslinks. Above 200°C., when the degree of dehydrochlorination is high enough, a minor difference is observed between loss of weight and hydrochloric acid loss. The reaction is autoaccelerated and can be classified as a degenerated branching chain reaction. It is suggested that activation of irregular structures, initially present or created during the course of the reaction, and thus responsible for autocatalysis, provides active centers for chain dehydrochlorination. Some of these structures are active at temperatures lower than that of their formation. Each kind of structure is believed to be at the origin of a radical zero-order chain reaction; its activation energy depends on its type. The reaction chains are terminated by inactivate irregular structures.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 6 (1962), S. S2 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 6 (1962), S. S5 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 6 (1962), S. 121-121 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 6 (1962), S. 122-129 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This paper describes European use of glued construction for structural joints in aircraft. It discusses the important considerations in design and strength analysis of stiffened compression and shear panels and considers aspects of detail design in bonded structures.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 6 (1962), S. 130-135 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Essentially the entire surface of the U. S. Air Force B-58 supersonic bomber is aluminum-bonded panel construction. Primary as well as secondary structural bonded panels were designed and manufactured to operate under demanding service conditions which include high stress, subzero temperature, high temperature, and severe acoustical vibration. Smooth surfaces are an additional requirement at subsonic and supersonic speeds. These requirements demanded that bonded joints in the B-58 be carefully designed and thoroughly evaluated. Joints in the B-58 were designed by “empirical procedures,” established for a specific adhesive syetem. Large numbers of test panels were required to confirm panel integrity and establish allowables for design. The development and adoption of accurate theoretical technique for predicting joint streqgths has been pursued and can be expected to reduce both the cost and the amount of testing required to achieve reliable deign with adhesives.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 6 (1962), S. 136-144 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In this paper the subject of peel is divided into two parts: (1) A mathematical determination of peeling stresses in an adhesive bond due to the applied peeling loads which leads to a mathematical definition of “peel strength.” (2) A review of suitable peel test methods examined in the light of this definition. Employing the assumption that the adhesive bond behaves as an ideal homogeneous elastic material under load, the classical derivation of the deflection of a loaded beam on an elastic foundation is applied to the calculation of peel strength of a metal adhesive. This theory results in a mathematical definition of peel strength and offers a reasonable explanation of the effects of the important variables such as metal and adhesive thickness and strength properties and provides a basis for the comparison and evaluation of the few testing methods presently in use.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 6 (1962), S. 145-149 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Loading a lap joint in tension causes the adherends to increase their tensile stress over the nominal because of the bending produced by the offset of the joint. Knowing the configuration of the joint and the tensile stress, the stress distribution in the adherends outside the joint can be determined. The theory, with resulting equations, is based on the assumption that the adherends act like a plate bent to a cylindrical surface. If the bending of the adherends is eliminated by the use of a double overlap joint, the stress distribution in the adhesive can be determined. This analysis is based on existing mathematical findings of the load distribution in riveted joints. The resulting equations have been proven experimentally by the use of the photo stress technique, and can be applied to adhesively bonded, soldered, brazed, welded, and under certain conditions, riveted joints.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 6 (1962), S. 150-154 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: If an adhesive joint is to be strong and permanent its adherend surfaces must be treated at least to remove oil, dirt, and dust. In addition, control of surface roughness, oxide formations, and sometimes adsorbed water is required. Deposition of chromium atoms or TiO2 is indicated for electron donor metals surfaces, and treatments may be useful to protect the adhesive from the adherend or vice versa, or to make their structures more congenial.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 6 (1962), S. 155-160 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Structural adhesives are one of the more important developments in the adhesives field because they make possible bonded assemblies in lightweight structures which take full advantage of the strengths of the materials used. Structural adhesives can be divided into two classes. One class consists of hard brittle resins typified by unmodified epoxy adhesives which have high shear and tensile strengths but low peel strength. The second class consists of a combination of resins resulting in a more ductile type of adhesive which has high peel strength along with high shear and tensile strength. One application is described here in which an epoxy adhesive is used in a design which minimizes peel forces and which causes failure of the bonded assembly in the metal. The evaluation of this design showed it to be successful.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 6 (1962), S. 166-175 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This paper discusses the technology of adhesives employed in printed circuitry. The chemical types of adhesives are described and their general characteristics are given. Typical printed circuit processes are used to spotlight the demands placed on the adhesives. Test methods and requirements peculiar to printed circuitry are discussed in detail, and particular emphasis is placed on those properties which will not be too obvious to the adhesives technologist unfamiliar with circuitry. Secondary applications of adhesives in printed circuitry are touched on briefly, and mention is made of bonding methods in use or under development which do not employ adhesives. Numerous literature references are given.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 6 (1962), S. 161-165 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Although considerable research has been conducted to establish the performance of various adhesives under different conditions of service, much remains to be done. Of great importance are basic studies of the mechanisms of deterioration of adhesives in joints under known conditions so that reliable short-term performance tests may be devised to determine the expected performance of adhesives under various service conditions. Such research needs will undoubtedly be increased in importance by the continued introduction of new adhesives of different chemical types. In all probability, the nature of the adherend influences not only initial adhesion but also subsequent joint performance. Most experience reported here on permanence of joints has been gained with wood, but research on metal adhesives is also reviewed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 6 (1962), S. 176-183 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Special adhesives for bonding of unvulcanized and vulcanized elastomers are discussed. Major emphasis is placed on adhesives and conditions for bonding of vulcanized elastomers. The decline of brass plating is reviewed. Various methods of adhesion testing are discussed and illustrated. Available organic polymer based adhesives will produce high strength bonds to a wide variety of unvulcanized olefinic elastomers. A single coat adhesive has been developed which provides “maximum performance adhesive bonds” to a variety of unvulcanized elastomers. Factors affecting bonding and “bondability index” for the common elastomers are described. The bonding of vulcanized elastomers is a more difficult task. Present adhesives require mechanical or chemical modification of the surface of the elastomer. Brute force tactics used in conjunction with epoxy-polyamide, phenolic-polyvinyl formal, or nitrilephenolic systems have performed well in some applications. The quality of these bonds, however, does not equal those produced to unvulcanized elastomers. With cooperation of the users, the adhesive suppliers are developing newer, more effective products to meet the challenge of the advanced polymers and increasingly severe environments in which they are used.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 6 (1962), S. 184-192 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: (1) The prognosis for adhesives uieful up to an hour at 1000°F., in air, is good. (2) Organic adhesives based on phenolic and silicone-phenolic resins are more capable than expected of usefulness at 1000°F. (3) Preparation of semiinorganic adhesives by reaction of heat stable organic polymers with inorganic reagents is feasible. (4) The prospect appears excellent for the achievement of adhesives to be used for 1000 hr. at 500°F., in air, on steel. (5) Despite research on 2000°F. adhesives, effort is still urgently needed on materials for use at lower temperatures. (6) Perhaps the area with the most serious shortage of information and research is the development and testing of adhesives for use at 180-500°F. for periods of three to five years. Both military and civilian agencies are planning the construction of supersonic transports which need such structural adhesives.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 6 (1962), S. 193-197 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Methods by which synthetic adhesives can be cured at ambient temperatures are covered. The alkyl cyanoacrylates, epoxies, and MPL monomers can be cured, with little shrinkage, to obtain metal adhesive bonds which compare favorably to those obtained by high temperature modes of curing. An investigation by which novolac epoxies were rendered more flexible with accompanying increases in the temperature and salt spray resistance is described.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 6 (1962), S. 204-209 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The advantages to be derived from the use of structural adhesives are discussed. Specific developments are cited to illustrate the effectiveness of adhesives in ordnance materiel. Problems peculiar to ordnance applications are discussed. The strengths of adhesive bonds as determined by “static” and “dynamic” conditions are compared, and the importance of proper joint geometry is illustrated.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 26
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 6 (1962), S. 198-203 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Rapid technological advancements have contributed to the increasing application of adhesives. Because of these accomplishments, because of continuing materials research and process development activities, and because of their inherent advantages, adhesives have a great potential for the future. Requirements for the future impose a severe challenge on developmental capabilities. More severe structural requirements and environmental conditions may be expected. Because of increasing complexity and costs, there are requirements for significantly higher orders of reliability and lower fabrication costs. Improvements in bonding processes and development of comparatively new techniques are desirable. Test methods require further development and standardization - especially nondestructive methods. Continuing work in collecting and reporting pertinent information, especially on properties and design parameters for adhesive bonding is helping to advance the utilization of adhesives. Current trends indicate that adhesives are progressing from the realm of “art” to science, a factor which should substantially aid in advancing the future potential for adhesives.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 27
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 13 (1962), S. 699-701 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 28
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 13 (1962), S. 702-703 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 29
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 13 (1962), S. 707-709 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 30
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 13 (1962), S. 730-730 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 31
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 13 (1962), S. 730-730 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 32
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 33
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 34
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 35
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 13 (1962), S. 731-731 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 36
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 13 (1962) 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 37
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 13 (1962), S. 742-745 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 38
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 13 (1962), S. XXXI 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 39
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962) 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 40
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 153-160 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 41
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 161-170 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 42
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 43
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 241-245 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The rate of oxygen absorption by aqueous sodium sulphite solutions in tower-type fermentors up to 6 in. in diameter was related both to tower diameter and to the number of sintered Pyrex disks used for dispersing air entering the towers. Maximal rates of absorption were obtained in towers 2.5 in. in diameter. Under comparable conditions, rates of oxygen transfer in towers containing one aeration disk were approximately 30% higher than those in similar towers containing two or more disks. In towers greater than 6 in. in diameter, the absorption rate was independent of vessel diameter and number of aeration disks when more than one disk was used. Bubble coalescence was the main cause of the difference in the rate of oxygen absorption.
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  • 44
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 299-301 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An aseptic agitation system for submerged culture has been devised. It consists of a stirring rod which is isolated from the interior of the culture vessel by a sleeve of flexible plastic tubing.
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  • 45
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 197-209 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 46
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 231-240 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Studies were made of oxygen transfer and power in 20-1. novobiocin fermentations with five sizes (23-60% of the tank diameter) of geometrically similar flatblade turbine impellers. The influence of changes in apparent viscosity on oxygen transfer and power was found to be related to impeller diameter. At constant agitator speed the oxygen availability rate (OAR) decreased with increase in apparent viscosity, but the magnitude of the reduction was less with a small impeller than with a large one. At constant power input the small-diameter impeller (23% of tank diameter) gave an OAR about 8 times that of the large one (60% of tank diameter) when tested in viscous beer, whereas with sulfite or yeast all impeller diameters gave the same OAR. Impeller tip velocity correlated with OAR independently of diameter for the five turbine sizes examined. The power required for optimal novobiocin yields increased with increase in turbine diameter, but the yields were independent of diameter at equal OAR.
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  • 47
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962) 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 48
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The sandwich paper electrophoresis technique, such as that of Foster (1952b), was modified to permit routine examination of as many as 15 samples of materials such as bacterial cultures, simultaneously, and with greater rapidity than with paper chromatography techniques. By the use of borate buffer at pH 9.6 with aniline hydrogen oxalate for development, materials such as glucose, fructose, 2-ketogluconic acid, and 5-ketogluconic acid could be separated in three hours.
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  • 49
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 303-309 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A process has been developed whereby eburicoic acid, a triterpenoid acid, can be produced by growing Polyporus sulfureus in submerged form in either shake flasks or tank fermentors equipped with aeration and agitation systems.
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  • 50
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 331-340 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A laboratory bench set-up for the continuous chemical sterilization of microbiological media using β-propiolactone was developed. The apparatus permits the sterilization of up to 4 liters/hr. of liquid media. The parameters of hydrolyzing time and temperature necessary to reduce the β-propiolactone to nontoxic levels were determined using a E. coli-nutrient broth system. The sterilization technique was applied successfully to a variety of media, and its potential usefulness on an industrial scale is discussed.
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  • 51
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 52
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 247-254 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The adsorption of methylene blue from different aqueous solutions by dead yeast cells follows Freundlich's law when the percentage of dead cells varies from 0 to 100. When the Fink and Kühles methylene blue was used, there was observed a linear relation between the percentage of dead cells and the dye concentration at the equilibrium. The experimental errors were measured. A simpler and more precise colorimetric method for determining the percentage of dead yeast cells is deseribed.
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  • 53
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A strain of Torulopsis magnoliae, an osmophilic yeast isolated from flowers, produced an extracellular hydroxy fatty acid glycoside of sophorose which was easily recoverable as a heavier-than-water “oil”. The yield of this product was greatly increased and the nature of the hydroxy fatty acid portion of the molecule was modified, within limits, by the addition of fatty acid esters, hydrocarbons, or glycerides. Yields of hydroxy fatty acids of up to 90% of the substrate added were achieved. Commercially available substrates such as tall oil fatty acids, molasses, and corn steep liquor could be used. Good aeration was necessary, and control of the concentration of nitrogenous substrates and of temperature improved the yields.
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  • 54
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 311-322 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The linearity between weight and volume increases, which takes place when kernels of corn and sorghum are immersed in water, was established experimentally. The rate of volume increase was correlated according to an equation analogous to the diffusion equation. The coefficients of volume increase obeyed the Arrehenius equation. The results would be of practical value in designing steeping vessels, as well as of theoretical interest in elucidating the mechanism of water diffusion in cereal grains.
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  • 55
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962) 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 56
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 377-390 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An analysis of the distribution of light within some culture vessels developed at General Dynamics/Electric Boat is presented. The concept of a mean effective light intensity, Ē, is introduced and procedures are developed for computing Ē for any culture vessel geometry and incident light intensity distribution. A correlation is performed indicating the significance of Ēin assessing the growth rate of dense, continuous cultures of microalagae.
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  • 57
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 281-297 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Strains of the green algae Scenedesmus obliquus, Chlorella vulgaris, and C. pyrenoidosa 7-11-05, and of the blue-green algae Fremyella diplosiphon, Plectonema calothricoides, Phormidium luridum, and Synechococcus lividus have been mass cultured autotrophically in essentially pure D2O. Closed Lucite rocking-box units containing 5 liters of culture media can produce 1 to 2 g. (dry weight) per day of fully deuteriated algae or of fully deuteriated, fully 15N-substituted algae. Racks for six such culture units are readily constructed from commerically available parts. Operation has been routine and essentially trouble-free. The algae produced have proved to be an excellent source of completely isotopically substituted metabolites.
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  • 58
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 323-330 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Manufacturing of plastic (PVC) single-dose ampoules for liquid smallpox vaccine is described. The green stained vaccine is injected in polyvinyl chloride tubes which are then sealed by high frequency welding to make ampoules of 16 mm. length. The tendency for desiccation of the filled vaccine at elevated temperature is considered as an advantage, since it provides a visible indication of previous improper storage. The ampoule is opened by cutting with scissors and vaccine is squeezed out directly on the skin.
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  • 59
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 341-344 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper shows that the ionic concentration of a cell suspension submitted to nebulization has a marked influence on the stability of the produced aerosol.
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  • 60
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Fungi and bacteria taken from fuel systems were allowed to grow in jet fuel (or hydrocarbon)-salt solution mixtures and the layers were analyzed for surfactant properties. The fuels included both JP-4 and JP-5 types and an alkylate bottom fraction. Controlled surface activity was imparted to some samples by adding minute quantities of either petroleum sulfonates or petroleum naphthenates. Analyses after growth periods of 2 to 14 weeks failed to show any significant increases in the surface active properties of any fuel or hydrocarbon sample. In all cases, there was either little change or else the surfactant effect was reduced slightly. Opposed to these findings, examination of the aqueous bottoms revealed that microbial growths did effect increases in their surface active properties.
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  • 61
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 411-412 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 62
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 105-125 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The nature of anaerobic methane fermentation has been studied extensively over a period of about three years by means of 10-l. semicontinuous fermenters, with ethyl alcohol and calcium acetate as carbon and energy sources. The inoculum for the two systems was isolated by enrichment techniques from primary sewage sludge and used to initiate the processes. No subsequent seeding was necessary. The fermentation was started with a substrate carbon concentration of 50 mmole/l. which was gradually increased to 400 mmole/l.; this means that an increase of substrate level from 3000 ppm to 24,000 ppm of acetate and from 2300 to 18400 ppm of alcohol medium were effected during the study. Such high acetate tolerance of the methane organism does not appear to have been reported before; it was the results of adaptation by the organisms in a semicontinuous culture for a period of 30 months. Effect of supplementary available nitrogen on the rate of gas production at different carbon levels (acetate) was also studied. It was found from the gas analyses that CH4: CO2 ratios were always more than 2 to 3 times the theoretical values, when acetate was used as substrate carbon. At some stages of acetate breakdown the concentration of hydrogen in the gaseous products was found to be as high as 8-9%, a very significant feature of this fermentation. Although sulphate ions were carefully excluded from the constitutents of the media (Analytical reagent chemicals and double-distilled water used throughout) during the period of study (30 months), contaminants later identified as Desulphovibrio desulphuricans were found throughout the study. Morphological study of the organisms reveal that they are short rods appearing in individual or chain form, highly motile, gram-positive and nonflagellated, similar to Methanobacterium söhngenii Barker.
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  • 63
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 1-3 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 64
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Ferrocyanide-treated cane molasses was fermented in 2.5-l. Pyrex tower fermenters using pellets of Aspergillus niger, grown in beet molasses, as an inoculum. The success of the process depended on accurate control of the ferrocyanide concentration in the fermentation mash. Highest yields (up to 80% conversion of available sugar in 8 days) were obtained when the ferrocyanide concentration was 20 p.p.m. at the start of fermentation and then increased to 80-150 p.p.m. at the 24-hr. period. Addition of phosphate, nitrate, or methanol to fermentation mash did not increase rate of acid production or final yield.
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  • 65
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 5-16 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A multi-stage pilot fermentor was designed which consists of nine stainless steel cylindrical compartments 2 ft. in length and 8 in. in diameter, joined end to end, giving a tube with a total length of 18 ft. The whole apparatus was mounted with its axis in a horizontal plane. Each compartment was sealed off from its neighboring compartment by a separatory plate having a 1-in. overflow hole in the upper half. Shafts 9½ feet long extended from each end of the fermentor through the compartments to the center. Agitation was provided by a multitude of stainless steel blades mounted at right angles to the shafts and spaced at regular intervals along the shafts. Stationary, stainless steel comb-shaped baffle plates were installed vertically at the bottom of each compartment to increase mixing efficiency. Constant leaving and re-entering of the fermentation liquor by the blades upon rotation imparts a shattering of the liquid surface thus preventing the accumulation of mycelial aggregates on the walls above the fermentation liquor. The mechanical performance of the described fermentor has proved excellent and several trial fermentations (antibiotic formation and steroid bioconversion) are described.
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  • 66
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 57-63 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: 1-Dehydrogenation of steroids by Septomyxa affinis is brought about by an inducible enzyme. Only soluble substrate steroid is attacked. Individual steroids are dehydrogenated at different relative rates. The pH-activity curve is shallow.
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  • 67
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 53-56 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Counter flow electrophoresis was adapted for temperatures down to -5°C. by the use of ethylene glycol. A method is described for evaporation of water solutions containing ethylene glycol at temperatures between -5 and -10°iC. without ice formation. These measures were found not to affect the transforming activity (two markers) of Bacillus subtilis DNA.
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  • 68
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 79-86 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An apparatus is described for the aeration of a series of tissue cultures at rates which may be varied independently for each vessel. The composition of the aerating gas can be adjusted to any desired percentages of CO2 and O2. While designed particularly for study of the aeration requirements of submerged tissue growth, the equipment is equally adaptable for study of submerged growth of bacterial and other systems. The apparatus has been designed for future scale-up and is adaptable to both the overlay and bubble-through types of aeration. Flow rates necessary for producing mixtures of 5.0% CO2 and 95.0% air or 5.6% CO2, 14.0% O2, and 80.4% nitrogen are given. The described system has been operated satisfactorily and has proved to be an inexpensive and useful research tool.
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  • 69
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 99-103 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Aeration in shaken flasks appears to take place primarily by absorption of oxygen in the thin film of fluid deposited on the flask walls. Marked improvement in aeration efficiency can be had by breaking up these films with an independent baffling surface. This improvement can be combined with an improved closure to give uniform and efficient shaken flask aeration.
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 129-138 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 139-145 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 147-151 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 171-180 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 181-195 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 369-376 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: It would appear from these data that indeed asphalt degradation by bacteria does occur and can be rather rapid under laboratory conditions. The types of bacteria capable of degrading asphalt are diverse. The effects of temperature, pH, and oxygen tension on asphalt degradation are important but not always critical. The optimum conditions vary for different organisms. There are differences in the mechanisms of asphalt assimilation and degradation. There is a specificity of action by different bacteria which most likely involves the chemical components of the asphalts and the enzymatic action of the microorganism.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 76
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 403-410 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The distribution of various cell constituents of Bacillus megaterium has been studied in an aqueous two-phase system containing the two polymers dextran and polythylene glycol. The difference in behaviour between cell walls, lipid granules and soluble cell material are such that a considerable fractionation of a suspension of disrupted cells may be obtained after a few counter-current distributions. A mixture of whole cells and protoplasts can also be fractionated in this phase system. If sodium chloride is added to the phase system, vegetative cells and spores can be separated from each other.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 77
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 23-36 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The ability of a number of Ustilago species, especially Ustilago maydis (DC.) Cda., to produce lysine and threonine was investigated. The organisms were grown in shake flasks or in 10-l. fermentors. Lysine and threonine were found to be excreted into the medium both in the free and bound form. The bound amino acids could be released by acid hydrolysis or by enzymes from autolyzed cells. The optimal conditions for the release by autolysis were, in the case of Ustilago maydis (DC.) Cda., pH 4.3 and 45°C. An enzyme that could liberate lysine from the bound form(s) occurring in the broth was extracted from cells of Ustilago maydis (DC.) Cda. It exhibited an apparent pH optimum near 4.0. The effect of pH and temperature during the growth phase on the yield of lysine and threonine was studied in 10-l. fermentations.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 78
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The ability of Ustilago maydis (DC.) Cda. to grow and to produce lysine and threonine was investigated in shake flask cultures. Growth and production of lysine and threonine increased markedly when aeration was increased. The optimal ratio of glucose to diammonium phosphate in the medium seemed to be approximately 10:1. Ammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, urea, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and glycine were readily used as nitrogen sources. Growth and amino acid production was poor on ammonium carbonate, ammonium acetate, ammonium citrate, trimethylamine, and betaine.U. maydis (DC.) Cda. was found to grow on a number of different carbohydrates. Besides D-glucose the organism could utilize D-mannose, D-galactose, D-fructose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-ribose, sucrose, maltose, and the polyalcoholes D-sorbitol, D-mannitol, and i-inositol. Pectin, dextrin, and corn starch treated with α-amylase could also be used but not untreated corn starch or lactose, cellobiose, D-sedoheptulose, glycerol, or D-glucosamine. The formation of lysine and threonine was better with disaccharides and hexoses than with pentoses.No specific effects on the formation of lysine and threonine could be observed from changes in the concentration of calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, zinc, iron, copper, manganese, cobalt, or molybdenum. The requirement of metal ions for growth is discussed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 79
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 65-78 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Mathematical models for the kinetics of 1-dehydrogenation of steroids by Septomyxa affinis are considered. A model providing for product inhibition fits experimental data best. Product inhibition was also demonstrated directly.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 80
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 87-97 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In batch cultures of Azotobacter vinelandii exposed to air and ultraviolet-irradiated nitrogen, an increases in nitrogen fixation, compared to that of cultures exposed to air and non-irradiated nitrogen, has been noted. This supports the hypothesis that an ionized nitrogen molecule is important for the biological nitrogen fixation.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 81
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962) 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 82
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 127-128 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 83
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 345-356 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Dissolved oxygen levels in fermentation systems are affected by (a) gas flow rate, (b) degree of agitation, and (c) oxygen partial pressure in the gas. Since the first two variables cannot easily be separated, a method for dissolved oxygen control has been devised based on the variation of oxygen partial pressure in the gas. Oxygen and nitrogen are fed to a special mixing valve capable of varying the proportions of the two gases while keeping the total flow rate constant. A dissolved oxygen electrode and control system adjust the valve setting to automatically maintain a preset oxygen level. Oxygen analyzers, monitoring the inlet and outlet gas streams, provide additional information from which oxygen absorption and uptake rates may be determined. The system provides a means for the quantitative and independent study of aeration and agitation effects. In addition, it offers a basis for routine control of oxygen levels in plant fermentation equipment.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 84
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 391-402 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 85
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 13 (1962) 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 86
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 13 (1962), S. 14-20 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The behaviour of synthetic chemical fibres used for technical fabricsSynopsis of the range of synthetic chemical fibres. - Applications of the technical fabrics manufactured from them. - Description of the stresses to which the technical fabrics are exposed, the kinds of damage thereby encountered, and the means of preventing or reducing such damage.
    Notes: Übersicht über die synthetischen Chemiefasern - Einsatzgebiete der daraus hergestellten technischen Gewebe - Beschreibung der Beanspruchungen, denen die technischen Gewebe ausgesetzt sind, der Schädigungen, die hierbei auftreten und wie man sie verhindern bzw. reduzieren kann.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 87
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 13 (1962), S. 29-33 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 88
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Morphological structure and formation of cracks in crystallizing macromolecular materialsAfter a brief survey of present-day knowledge of morphological structures (laminations, fibrels and spherulites), the author discusses the tests carried out to obtain some knowledge about the internal crack system of macro-molecular materials with the aid of permeation and diffusion measurements on terylene films as a function of the degree of crystallisation and of temperature. It is found that, with careful thermal and mechanical treatment, it is quite possible to avoid the formation of major continuous cracks and a corresponding degree of corrosion proneness.Cracks may occur if the crystallisation process is continued for too long a time at too high temperatures. In this case, microscopic examinations or X-ray crystal density methods may be applied. The last section deals with tests carried out to explore the formation of cracks in coarse-crystalline iso-tactic polypropylene, caused by wetting agents. Cracks are found to occur partly already during crystallisation, and partly during the subsequent cooling; they occur in the direction of the spherulite radii as well as along the grain boundaries.
    Notes: Nach einem kurzen Überblick über die heutigen Kenntnisse der morphologischen Strukturen (Lamellen, Fibrillen und Sphärolithe) werden die Versuche besprochen, und mit Hilfe von Permeations- und Diffusionsmessungen an Terylenfilmen in Abhängigkeit vom Kristallisationsgrade und der Temperatur einen Einblick in das innere Rißsystem won makromolekularen Werkstoffen zu bekommen. Es zeigt sich, daß man bei schonender thermischer und mechanischer Behandlung eine gröbere durchgehende Rißbildung u. entsprechende Korrosionsanfälligkeit durchaus vermeiden werden kann.Kristallisiert man zu lange bei zu hohen Temperaturen so tritt Rißbildung auf. Hier kommen dann mikroskopische Untersuchungen sowie solche der kontinuierlichen Röntgenkleinwinkelstreuung in Frage. Im letzten Abschnitt werden Versuche über die durch Netzmittel induzierte Rißbildung in grobkristallinen isotaktischen Polypropylen besprochen. Risse entstehen teils schon während der Kristallisation, teils beim darauffolgenden Abkühlen sowohl in Richtung der Sphärolithradien wie entlang der Korngrenzen.
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  • 89
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 13 (1962), S. 41-45 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 90
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 13 (1962), S. 45-53 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 91
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 13 (1962), S. 53-53 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 92
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 13 (1962), S. 55-55 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 93
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 13 (1962), S. 55-55 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 94
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 13 (1962), S. 57-57 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 95
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 13 (1962), S. 59-63 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 96
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 13 (1962), S. 83-92 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The mechanical properties of metallic materials at low temperaturesKnowledge of the behaviour of metallic materials subjected to mechanical stresses at low temperatures is gaining in importance. Especially in refrigeration technology, e. g. in connection with the liquefaction, storage and transport of gases, one tries to use materials which, while being as inexpensive as possible, retain their strength properties even under unfavourable stress conditions at low temperatures. Under such conditions, both the deformation resistance and the variables characterizing the deformability depend on the crystal structure. It has been possible to achieve a great expansion in the use o f non-alloyed structural steels through the application a1 a special metallurgical treatment of the melts, e. g. through reduction of the quantity of gas dissolved. The range of application of these steels which, depending on the strain and on the possible consequences of fractures, reaches as far as -50° C, is followed by the range of heat-treated alloyed steels which goes down to -120° C. For even lower temperatures, austenitic steels can be used. Because fo their anisotropic behaviour, especially at low temperatures, cast iron/carbon alloys such as cast steel are more fracture-prone than hot-processed materials, unless the irregularities in the stress absorption capacity are largely overcome by suitable annealing treatments. Whilst, in particular, non-alloyed cast iron tends to show, at low temperatures, a reduction in strength when exposed to sudden stresses, both copper and aluminium alloys retain their high impact strength even at very low temperatures.
    Notes: Die Kenntnisse des Verhaltens metallischer Werkstoffe bei mechanischen Beanspruchungen bei tiefen Temperaturen gewinnt zunehmend an Bedeutung. Vor allem in der Kältetechnik, z. B. im Zusammenhang mit der Verflüssigung, Lagerung und Beförderurng von Gasen ist man bestrebt, mit möglichst billigen Werkstoffen, die auch unter ungünstigen Beanspruchungsbedingungen bis zu tiefen Temperaturen ihre Zähigkeitseigenschaften behalten, auszukommen. Bei tiefen Temperaturen sind sowohl die den Formänderungswiderstand sowie die die Formänderungsfähigkeit kennzeichnenden Größen von der Kristallstruktur abhängig. Die Verwendung unlegierter Baustähle konnte durch besondere metallurgische Behandlung der Schmelzen, z. B. durch Verminderung der gelösten Gasmengen sehr erweitert werden. An den Verwendungsbereich dieser Stäuhle, der je nach Anstrengung und Gefährlichkeit eventueller Bruchauswirkungen bis -50° C reicht, schließt sich der der vergüteten, legierten Stähle für Temperaturen bis -120° C; für noch tiefere Temperaturen schließt sich das Gebiet der Anwendung austenitischer Stähle an. Gegossene Eisen-Kohlenstoff-Legierungen sind, wie z. B. Stahlguß, wegen des anisotropen Verhaltens besonders bei tiefen Temperaturen bruchempfindlicher als warmverarbeitete Werkstoffe, wenn nicht durch entsprechende Glühbehandlungen die Ungleichmäßigeiten in der Beanspruchungsfähigkeit des Kleingefüges weitgehend behoben werden Während besonders unlegiertes Gußeisen bei tiefen Temperaturen Zähigkeitsverminderungen bei plötzlich wirkenden Beanspruchungen aufweist, sind sowohl Kupfer-, als auch Aluminium-Legierungen bis zu tiefsten Temperaturen sehr schlagzähe.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 13 (1962), S. 101-105 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 98
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 13 (1962), S. 95-100 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 99
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 13 (1962), S. 106-110 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 100
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 13 (1962), S. 116-122 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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