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  • 1970-1974  (766)
  • 1970  (766)
  • Industrial Chemistry  (356)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (346)
  • Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics  (64)
  • Nuclear reactions
Material
Years
  • 1970-1974  (766)
Year
Keywords
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 4 (1970), S. 97-107 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 4 (1970), S. 431-450 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A one-centre CI wave function for HeH+ reported by Stuart and Matsen for 0.1 ≤ R ≤ 5.0 has been analysed in detail from the viewpoint of molecular formation. Further, by means of a natural orbital analysis, it was possible to obtain some measure of the electron correlation contained within such wave functions for various R values. These effects were illustrated by means of a series of difference maps for the electron density. One- and two-particle expectation values were obtained as a function of R. Thus, it was possible to study several aspects of the influence of the proton on the electron charge cloud as we pass from He through to the united atom Li+. The occupation numbers within the natural expansions were compared with those which arise from a similar analysis of a two-centre wave function for HeH+. The “character” of such wave functions for HeH+, and also for He and Li+, were analysed and compared.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 4 (1970), S. 465-486 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The quadrupolar and octupolar distortion of the ions in the He-sequence caused by an external electro-magnetic field has been studied by a variation-perturbation method in the Hartree-Fock scheme. For certain frequencies singularities appear in the response of the system to the perturbation. Approximate representations for the excited d and f states have been obtained from a study of these resonances. Such a perturbation calculation has the advantage that representations of the different excited states are obtained independently. The orthogonality to all the lower lying levels of the same symmetry is not required. The only source of inaccuracy implicit in the procedure lies in the improper consideration of the inter-electronic interaction. This is corrected for by an independent calculation, which is again formulated in terms of a perturbation treatment. The resulting wave functions for the excited states are accurate in the Hartree-Fock model. Expectation values of several operators have been calculated with these corrected wave functions.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 4 (1970), S. 365-387 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The utility of the separated electron pair (SEP) model (strongly orthogonal geminals) is examined quantitatively, for pyramidal and planar nuclear configurations of the NH3 molecule. The best SEP wave function computed for each species is capable of recovering about half of the correlation energy obtained by a fairly accurate configuration interaction (CI) calculation, (corresponding to roughly 25% of the total molecular correlation energy). It is illustrated that the model can be systematically extended with only a modest effort to yield more accurate results (about 40% of the total correlation energy). The fact that the corrections to the SEP model have a simple physical interpretation suggests that this model may be a useful starting point for “brute force” CI calculations on larger chemical systems.
    Additional Material: 23 Tab.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 4 (1970) 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 4 (1970), S. 451-452 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 4 (1970), S. 503-518 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ab initio calculations using a small Gaussian basis set, including 3d orbitals on the sulphur atom, have been performed on the fluorosulphate radical and the related ions SO3F+ and SO3F-. A new SCF procedure is described and applied to the open shell cases discussed here. The results are compared with recent CNDO calculations and with the experimental transition energies of the radical.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 4 (1970), S. 519-527 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polikanov's perturbation method for the solution of the radial Schrödinger equation is shown to be equivalent to the usual Rayleigh-Schrödinger method but with full normalization instead of intermediate noralization. The energy corrections are shown to be the same to all orders. The computational advantages of Polikanov's method are discussed. The method is illustrated by considering the two-electron ions in the Hartree-Fock approximation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 4 (1970), S. 533-539 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A mathematical model of a molecule is proposed. The electronic structure is described using a molecular orbital wave function constructed from a small number of spherical Gaussians with optimized parameters. The models exhibit the desirable properties of numerical stability, objectivity and transferability. Results are given for CH4, C2H6, cyclo-propane, H2O, CH2O and C2H4. They can be given a chemical interpretation in terms of chemical bonds, lone pairs and atomic cusps.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 4 (1970), S. 1-3 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A perturbation variation treatment of two-electron atoms using exp (-αr〈 - βr〉) as the zeroth order wave function is presented. The parameters α and β are variationally determined and the results are compared with the “physical” choice α = Z, β = Z - 1, and with Z-1 theory. The energy is given through fifth order in the perturbation.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 4 (1970), S. 529-532 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The systems C2H4F+ and C2H4CH3+ have been investigated by the SCF-MO-P (LCGO) method. It will be shown that the results agree with the empirical rule of Markownikoff. An explanation of the rule of Markownikoff is given by means of the computed results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 4 (1970) 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 4 (1970), S. 579-586 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A detailed study of the performance of the Morse, the Hulburt--Hirschfelder and the Lippincott potential energy functions has been carried out by comparing them with the Rydberg-Klein-Rees potential energy curves for a number of electronic states of various diatomic molecules. Further, by employing the above potential energy functions, the radial Schrödinger equation has been solved for the vibrational energy levels, G(v), and the vibrational wave functions, ψv. The latter have been employed to determine the rotational constants, Bv, for the individual vibrational energy levels. Then the molecular constants, we, wexe, weye, Be, αe and γe for the various electronic states, have been computed by using the values of G(v) and Bv. A comparison of the molecular constants derived in this manner with the experimental ones reveals better agreement, in most cases, than that reported by previous workers.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 4 (1970) 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The method of the MC-LCAO-MO approach, described in the preceding paper, is further applied to the benzene cation. Through the iteration process the π-electron energies and the molecular shapes are computed for the ground and two lowest excited states of the cation in both D6h and D2h geometries. A remarkable fact obtained is that a comparatively small variation of the geometrical structure (c. 0.010 - 0.013 Å bond length difference) brings about a considerable change of the energy value (c. 0.85 - 1.25 eV).The π-electronic excitation energies obtained from the iteration process are compared with the transition energies calculated from the usual method in which the structures of the excited states are assumed to be the same as the corresponding ground state structures. The difference in the excitation energy between the cation and the anion, and the CI effect on the excited states, are discussed. It is found that the doubly excited configurations play an important role in CI, which is somewhat different from that of the singly excited configurations. The stabilization energy due to the Jahn-Teller distortion is estimated for the ground state of the cation.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 4 (1970), S. 149-172 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: It is the aim of the present paper to give a mathematically oriented foundation of BW-perturbation theory, which is along the lines of Kato's previous work for RS-perturbation theory. For this purpose we firstly derive the expressions of BW-perturbation theory by the use of the contour integral method (Kap. I). In Kap. II sufficient criteria for the convergence of BW-perturbation theory are derived and applied to the 1/Z-expansion of the isoelectronic series of the He atom. The characteristic differences of the derivation and convergence properties of the two different kinds of perturbation theory are discussed in detail.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 4 (1970), S. 219-221 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 18
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method for solving the Hartree-Fock problem in a finite basis set is derived, which permits each orbital to be expanded in a different basis. If the basis set for each orbital φi contains the basis functions for the preceding orbitals, φi-1, φi-2,… φ1, then the φi form an orthonormal set. One advantage over the standard Hartree-Fock method is that a different long range behavior for each orbital, as for example is required in the Hartree-Fock-Slater method, can be forced. A calculation on the ground state of beryllium is performed using the nested procedure. Very little energy is lost because of nesting, and the node in the 1s orbital disappears.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 4 (1970), S. 389-395 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A group-theoretical method is presented whereby the number and identity of the non-zero components of a property tensor in a (molecular or crystalline) environment of low symmetry may be determined.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 4 (1970), S. 427-429 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The analytical conditions are obtained and discussed under which the vibronic equations for dimers can be decoupled.
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  • 21
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An upper bound for E0, which has been derived from the conjugate eigenvalue problem by Hall, is discussed. It is emphasized that the bound is only guaranteed when V is negative-definite. An alternative bound is presented which is free from this restriction, and the underlying iterative procedure is given. Hall's result is generalized to admit internuclear distances, and the theory is illustrated by a one-dimensional system with delta-function potentials. Some disadvantages of the approach are mentioned.
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 4 (1970), S. 625-630 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Extended Gaussian orbital basis set calculations have been carried out on an assumed staggered and eclipsed classical geometrical configuration of C2H5+. The best total energies obtained for these geometries were -78.170692 a.u. and -78.170674 a.u. respectively, corresponding to a barrier to internal rotation of 1.8 × 10-5 a.u. or 11 kcal/mole. An analysis of the charge density matrix indicates that charge is distributed in these molecules in a manner consistent with the concept of hyperconjugation.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 4 (1970), S. 631-631 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 4 (1970), S. 57-72 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The polarization of closed shells in an alternant radical due to the field of its unpaired electron is discussed. It is shown that the Hartree-Fock solution is unstable relative to a small perturbation caused by polarization of closed shells in a long polyene radical. Its ground state is found to be antiferromagnetic with a forbidden zone in the spectra of one-particle excitations.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 4 (1970), S. 73-87 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The electronic structure of the benzyl radical in its ground state has been computed using a model Hamiltonian due to Pariser-Parr with full configuration interaction as well as with different truncated configurational sets built on SCF open-shell orbitals. The correlation energy corresponding to this model was found to be equal to -0.929722 eV. With the singly excited configurations only 18% of this energy is taken into account. By extending the basis to include the doubly excited configurations one can account for 94% of the correlation energy. An analysis of the accuracy of the proton hyperfine splitting calculation caused by inaccurate computation of the wave function is given. If only singly and even doubly excited configurations are taken into account one cannot hope to obtain splittings with an accuracy of more than 0.5 g. Inclusion of triply excited configurations lowers this error by one order. In addition, the use of the simple McConnell relation may lead to an error in splitting calculations of no less than 1.5 g.
    Additional Material: 9 Tab.
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  • 26
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 4 (1970), S. 89-95 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Self-consistent perturbation theory is introduced to facilitate making small, simultaneous variations in orbital exponents. This is accomplished by interpreting these variations as perturbations on the quantum mechanical system. The minimum-energy condition yields a set of linear equations for the desired exponential corrections.
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 4 (1970), S. 121-121 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 4 (1970), S. 173-189 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Further energies for types of N2O4 valence structures (or valence formulae) are reported. The results indicate that two sets of formulae might give satisfactory distributions of the mobile σ-electrons. These are (i)Resonance between covalent and ionic formulae ((B) and (D) of Part II[8]);(ii)A non-paired spatial orbital formula ((F) of Part II [8]).One estimate of the σ-bond order for the NN bond is 0.4-0.5. For this, (i) is to be preferred, because it involves a much lower energy than (ii). But should the order be about 0.7, the energies of (i) and (ii) are similar, and both descriptions are satisfactory.The ionic formula of (i) involves non-localized bonding for the NO2+ moiety. It may be replaced by a formula with localized bonds, and an almost identical energy.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 29
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 4 (1970), S. 257-270 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The problem of upper and lower bounds to the first few eigenvalues of a very large or infinite tridiagonal matrix H is studied. Those eigenvalues of a comparison-matrix Mn which are lower than a characteristic limit, together with the corresponding eigenvalues of the variational matrix Hn are shown to bracket exact eigenvalues of H. Mn differs from Hn only in the last off-diagonal element and is easily obtained from H. Sufficient conditions for lower bounds are based on a low estimate of the characteristic limit. For increasing dimensions n, the lower bounds approach the exact eigenvalues from below. As a numerical illustration, brackets to the known eigenvalues of the harmonic oscillator with a linear perturbation are calculated.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 30
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 4 (1970), S. 271-287 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Using the criterion for maximizing the projection of localized bond orbitals onto the space spanned by the occupied MO's, a method for constructing hybrid orbitals of a molecule is described. For illustration purposes the method is applied to single-determinant closed shell wave functions, calculated by means of ab initio and semiempirical procedures, for the molecules of methane, acetylene, ethylene, ethane, propylene, butadiene, ammonia and hydrogen cyanide. The predictions of hybridization are briefly discussed.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
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  • 31
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 4 (1970), S. 347-353 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The charge on each atom of some ethers and chloro-substituted ethers, their dipole moments and the quadrupole coupling constants of the chloroethers have been calculated with the method suggested by Del Re. There appears to be an intimate connection between the charge density on the oxygen atoms and the capacity of forming hydrogen bond.
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  • 32
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 4 (1970), S. 5-20 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In this paper the minimum principle proposed for atomic systems by Hall, Hyslop and Rees [1] is generalized to molecules. It is shown that this generalization retains the advantage of admitting the use of a larger class of trial wave functions, for example those with discontinuities, than is possible in the usual minimum energy principle. The further advantage that the upper bounds obtained by this treatment are always at least as good as those of the Rayleigh-Ritz method is also preserved.The theory is applied to the H2+ ion, potential energy curves are obtained for various “cut-off” wave functions, and the equilibrium internuclear distance is calculated. The optimization of the “cut-off” region so that the upper bound is minimized is also discussed.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 33
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 4 (1970), S. 413-425 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Fifth-rank molecular polarization tensors are discussed in terms of their tensor group which includes both the spatial symmetry and the permutation symmetry of the suffixes. This latter may be described by certain four-dimensional point groups, which in the nontotally symmetric cases may be projected into three-dimensional space. The study leads to a determination of the number of independent components of these tensors and a discussion of the types of phenomena which they may be expected to produce.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 34
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 4 (1970), S. 541-543 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 35
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Z-expansion of two-electron systems is analyzed with the Padé technique with emphasis on establishing analytical properties of the function E(Z) formally associated with the power series expansion. The concept of critical point in this connection is stressed. For this sequence it occurs at Zc = 0.911246 with E(Zc) = -0.415184. The structure of E(Z) for Z 〈 Zc is investigated.The use of Padé approximants to extrapolate values of electron affinities is emphasized.
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  • 36
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 4 (1970), S. 613-623 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Schrödinger equation for helium is written as a generalized eigenvalue equation and this is solved perturbatively for the ground state. The zero order equation is taken to be that of a “six-dimensional hydrogen atom” since, in generalized eigenvalue form, this has a discrete spectrum. Although the zero-order wave function is very poor and gives only 86% of the energy the perturbation procedure is able to improve this to 99% through third-order.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 37
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 38
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 4 (1970), S. 289-295 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Hartree-Fock equations are derived in the MO-LCAO approximation for the case when the integrals (except overlap integrals) over the atomic orbitals are charge-dependent. It is shown that inclusion of the overlap matrix in the iterative procedure gives equations which are too complicated for the simple model under consideration. The approach is applied to the VESCF method in the PPP scheme.
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  • 39
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 4 (1970), S. 337-339 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 40
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 4 (1970) 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 41
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A multi-configuration LCAO-MO approach using a π-bond order-bond length linear relation is introduced to predict the geometrical structures for the electronic ground and excited states of unsaturated hydrocarbons. The procedure is designed to include configuration interaction in each iterative computation where the π-electron approximation is employed under the Pariser-Parr type semi-empirical treatment.The π-bond order-bond length relation is determined as rpq = 1.523 - 0.193Ppq, when the bond lengths of ethylene, benzene and naphthalene are used and the groundstate functions including the singly and doubly excited configurations are taken into account to obtain the bond orders Ppq.The iterative calculation is applied to the ground state and the two lowest excited states of the benzene anion in both D6h and D2h molecular geometries. The geometrical structures and the π-electron energies are computed for the ground and excited states of the anion; for the latter, two types of configuration species are used. It is found that the first lowest excited state is not subjected to the Jahn-Teller effect and the calculated excited state energies do not agree with the observed values (c. 1.0 ∼ 2.5 eV higher than the observed values). The latter point is discussed in detail. It is also found that the resultant ground state energy depression due to configuration mixing is not very large and the two types of configuration species used give different CI effects on the energy levels of the two lowest excited states of the anion.Finally, the stabilization energy due to the Jahn-Teller distortion is estimated for the ground state of the anion.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 42
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 4 (1970), S. 333-335 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The extended method of calculation has been applied to calculate the inter-level differences of the shell of 3d-electrons in the iron group atomic system. The hydrogen-like radial orbitals have been used. The results are compared with those obtained by ordinary methods of calculation as well as with experimental data.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 43
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 4 (1970), S. 355-363 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method for the approximate calculation of matrix elements with respect to projected Hartree-Fock wave functions is proposed. The method is tested on some calculations in the many-parameter AMO method. It is found that the approximation reduces the amount of work, involved in the evaluation of the energy, by a factor of five and that it reproduces the exact values to within a few per cent.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 44
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 4 (1970), S. 397-411 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We describe the correlation diagram of a linear crystal, in the traditional framework of the vibronic coupling. All lattice normal modes, except the symmetrical mode, are coupled to the excitation transfer. We therefore propose an iterative method, where every mode “sees” an effective coupling arising from the interaction of the other modes with the electronic excitation. This method is applied to a simple case (the pentamer) and the results are compared with the exact solution. In the weak coupling case this procedure gives the vibronic band structure and in the strong coupling case, the electronic band accompanied by vibrational excitations. These results show that the method employed represents an interpolation approach.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 45
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 4 (1970), S. 487-501 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Wave functions expressed as antisymmetrized products of strongly orthogonal geminals have been evaluated for H2O, NH3 and CH4. The geminals have been expressed as linear combinations of 2 × 2 detors constructed with localized SCF-MO's. Several ground state observables have been computed together with the electric polarizabilities and magnetic susceptibilities. In addition, a configuration interaction calculation limited to all possible double group excitations has been carried out.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 46
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 4 (1970), S. 545-559 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Successive partitioning technique, when based on a modified bordering method for solving a system of linear equations and a relation for the inverse of a partitioned matrix leads to Feenberg's perturbation theory. This sheds light on the properties of the expansion, its bracketing properties and the nature of the “counting operators” used sometimes in this connection.
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  • 47
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 4 (1970), S. 603-612 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Li2 molecule is treated both with the method of moments and with the method of energy variation for the following distances of the nuclei R = 2aH, 4aH, 6aH, 8aH and 10aH. The calculations have been performed with the Hartree-Fock method (HF) and with the method of pseudo-potentials (PSP). The results show that the HF method and PSP method lead practically to the same result. This may be important in the treatment of more complicated molecules.
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  • 48
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 4 (1970), S. 123-124 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 49
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 4 (1970) 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 50
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 4 (1970), S. 139-147 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In an earlier paper (Bibliography [1]) it has been shown that approximate representations of excited states of atoms can be obtained from the study of the singularities in the dynamic polarizability. Starting with these wave functions a more accurate calculation of the excited states in the Hartree-Fock scheme can be made by a perturbation treatment. The resulting wave functions yield significantly improved energy values. The 21P, 31P and 41P states of the He sequence up to C4+ are studied. The expectation values of a number of operators are calculated. The results obtained by the present method compare favourably with other elaborate calculations.
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  • 51
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 52
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 4 (1970), S. 203-215 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ab initio molecular orbital calculations of the electronic structure of the sulphate ion have been performed in which three Gaussian-type functions are used to simulate each member of a minimal basis of Slater-type orbitals. Comparative calculations on H2S show that such a basis excellently reproduces the properties of the valence electrons given by calculations in a Slater basis. The expansion of the basis by the addition of sulphur 3d orbitals results in a large decrease in the molecular energy (1 a.u.) and has a pronounced effect on the ordering and energy of the molecular orbitals. The results of a number of semiempirical schemes are discussed in the light of these results.
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  • 53
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 4 (1970), S. 297-313 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A practical method for finding multi-configurational SCF wave functions is proposed. The basic equation is equivalent to the Brillouin theorem; comparison with the usual SCF equations obtained through effective hamiltonians gives an interpretation of the offdiagonal Lagrange multipliers. Numerical applications to Formaldehyde in a minimum Slater-type orbital basis with four different variational wave functions are reported. The molecular orbitals found in these calculations are localized on the chemical bonds. The largest contributions to the energy are obtained from π-π and dispersion-type σ-π correlation.
    Additional Material: 7 Tab.
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  • 54
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 4 (1970), S. 341-341 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 55
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 4 (1970), S. 341-342 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 56
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 4 (1970), S. 223-243 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A large configuration-interaction calculation has been performed to determine the wave function, energy, and molecular properties of CO. The most important configurations were used to obtain the natural geminals and their occupation numbers. A pair-energy approach to the correlation energy was attempted with results which differ significantly from the configuration-interaction results.
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  • 57
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 4 (1970), S. 561-570 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: It is pointed out that if a many-electron antisymmetric wave function is expanded as a sum of spin-product functions, each multiplied by a function of coordinates, the resulting functions of coordinates have many of the same useful features found with the symmetric and antisymmetric functions representing singlet and triplet states in a two-electron system. For finding the energy, or any function of coordinates only, in the approximation in which spin-orbit interaction is neglected, one such function of coordinates can be used, the spins being disregarded. Simple procedures allow one to find matrix components of such operators as S2 and L . S from the functions of coordinates. These procedures are much easier to visualize than the use of projection operators, the permutation group, or other methods in current use. The general procedures are illustrated by application to the three-electron problem of the lithium atom, as treated by Lunell, Kaldor, and Harris, and their application to the contact hyperfine structure is pointed out.
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  • 58
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 4 (1970), S. 587-602 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Propagator or Green's function methods are used to analyze the time-dependent Hartree-Fock model. The non-hermitian matrix problem for the time-dependent Hartree-Fock solution is reduced to a problem related only to hermitian matrices. Particular attention is given to the calculation of oscillator strength in different approximations. The connection between the stability of the Hartree-Fock solution and the solution of the time-dependent Hartree-Fock problem is demonstrated. The results of numerical calculations are given for aniline, azulene and pyridine.
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  • 59
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A group-theoretical method for determining the permitted states of polyatomic molecules, proceeding from given atomic states in which the spin-orbit interaction has been taken into account, is proposed.
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  • 60
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 4 (1970), S. 127-138 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Self-consistent pseudo-eigenvalue equations are explicitly derived for the iterative extended Hückel method with use of the minimum-energy criterion. It is shown that inclusion of the overlap matrix in the iterative procedure gives equations that are too complicated for the simple model under consideration. An expression for the total energy is derived, and it is shown that if the eigenvalues of the pseudo-eigenvalue equations are interpreted as ionization potentials and electron affinities, then the empirical parameters of the Hamiltonian matrix must be reinterpreted. The connection with the Hartree-Fock equations is mentioned. It is proposed that minimizing the energy in the VESCF method should be done in a manner similar to the one used in the iterative Hückel methods. Numerical applications to benzene and pyridine have been made.
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  • 61
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 4 (1970), S. 191-202 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: SCGF calculations are reported for the ground state of ethylene, formaldehyde, acetylene and hydrogen cyanide. A minimum basis of contracted Gaussians was used and optimum hybridization was determined for each of the molecules by systematic variation of the hybridization parameters until the total electronic energy was a minimum. Properties of CH bonds as well as CC, CO and CN σ and π bonds are discussed in some detail. The results show that the assumption of transferable framework integrals β, basic to all semiempirical methods of calculating molecular wave functions, is strictly justified within the SCGF method.
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  • 62
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 4 (1970) 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 63
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 4 (1970), S. 315-332 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The energy bands of sodium have been calculated by the augmented-plane wave method and carried to self-consistency for both a non-spin-dependent and spin-dependent potential. The results are compared with those of previous calculations and with experimental data. It was found that the energy gaps introduced by the spin-dependent potential remained when the calculations were carried to self-consistency. Analysis of the present results involved comparison of the spin-dependent method with Löwdin's Alternant Molecular Orbital method and with Overhauser's Spin-Density-Wave model, and an analogy is drawn between the spin-dependent calculation and spin-polarized atomic calculations. By calculating the total energies as a functional of the self-consistent charge desity, it was determined that the spin-polarized crystal state had a lower energy than the state obtained from the non-spin-dependent potential. The approximations used in the calculations are discussed.
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  • 64
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 4 (1970), S. 342-345 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 65
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 42 (1970), S. 51-51 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 66
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 42 (1970), S. 59-63 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Am Beispiel der Isomerisierung von Dikaliumphthalat zu Dikaliumterephthalat wird die Entwicklung eines diskontinuierlich arbeitenden Reaktors und am Beispiel der Disproportionierung von Kaliumbenzoat zu Dikaliumterephthalat und Benzol die eines kontinuierlich betriebenen Reaktors beschrieben. Trotz der Phasenumwandlungen während der Umsetzungen ermöglichen beide Reaktortypen durch geeignete Einbauten und Auslegungen einen wirtschaftlichen Chargenbetrieb bzw. eine kontinuierliche Arbeitsweise, wobei das Endprodukt als freifließendes Pulver anfällt und das Reaktorinnere frei von agglomerierten und angebackenen Feststoffteilchen bleibt.
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  • 67
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 42 (1970) 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 68
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Bei der Berechnung des isothermen Trocknungsverlaufs hygroskopischer, nicht poröser Kunststoffe muß berücksichtigt werden, daß der Diffusionskoeffizient von der Feuchte abhängt. Da eine numerische Lösung keinen Überblick über den Einfluß der verschiedenen Größen auf den Trocknungsverlauf gibt, wurde nach einer allgemeinen Darstellung des Trocknungsverlaufs hygroskopischer Kunststoffkörper gesucht. Es zeigt sich, daß der isotherme Trocknungsverlauf solcher Körper von nur zwei Kennzahlen abhängt, wenn der Einfluß der Feuchte auf den Diffusionskoeffizienten in Abhängigkeit von der angestrebten Restfeuchte dargestellt wird und wenn weiterhin für die analytische Wiedergabe dieser Abhängigkeit nur zwei Konstanten gebraucht werden. Die allgemeinen Lösungen für die unendlich ausgedehnte planparallele Platte, die Kugel und den unendlich langen Zylinder werden angegeben, wobei zugrunde gelegt wird, daß der Diffusionskoeffizient sich mit der Feuchte linear ändert.
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  • 69
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 42 (1970), S. 52-52 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 70
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 42 (1970) 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 71
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Die bekannten Verfahrensprinzipien zur Herstellung von Acetylen aus leichten Kohlenwasserstoffen wurden auf die Synthese von Cyanwasserstoff aus leichten Kohlenwasserstoffen und Ammoniak übertragen. Die Cyanwasserstoff-Bildung erfordert reaktive Zwischenprodukte, die nur bei der partiellen Oxidation von Kohlenwasserstoff/Ammoniak-Gemischen in ausreichender Konzentration entstehen. Ein Zweistufenprozeß (Pyrolyse) scheidet daher aus. Der Einstufeprozeß (partielle Oxidation) kann dadurch günstig beeinflußt werden, daß man das Reaktionsgemisch als Strahlflammen in einer Umgebung von Hilfsgasen abbrennen läßt. Hilfsgase können die Reaktionskomponente Ammoniak sowie an der Synthesereaktion nicht unmittelbar beteiligte Gase wie Wasserstoff und Kohlenmonoxid sein.
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  • 72
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 42 (1970), S. 87-95 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 73
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 42 (1970), S. 99-101 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 74
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 42 (1970) 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 75
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 42 (1970), S. 105-108 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Die Bedingungen, unter denen eine Stabilisierung von Flammen stattfindet, sind bisher nicht ausreichend definiert. Konzentrationsverteilung, Flammengeschwindigkeit und Strömungsgeschwindigkeit müssen in bestimmter Weise zusammenwirken, damit stabiles Brennen von Flammen möglich wird. Die Unterschiede zwischen dem Stabilisierungsvorgang von Diffusionsflammen und dem von Vormischflammen werden anhand der Geometrie und Wärmebilanz der Stabilisierungszone dargestellt und die Einflüsse der Turbulenz auf die Stabilisierung von Diffusionsflammen beschrieben.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 76
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Um verschiedene Verfahren zur Berechnung des Druckverlustes einem zahlenmäßigen Vergleich unterziehen zu können, wurden für jeweils drei Glocken- und Ventilböden unterschiedlicher Größbe und Belastung die Teildruckverluste sowie der Gesamtdruckverlust ermittelt. Bei den Glocken- und Ventilböden liefern die einzelnen Verfahren Ergebnisse mit teilweise beträchtlichen Abweichungen. Eine zuverlässige Vorherbestimmung des Druckverlustes ist somit nicht ohne weiteres möglich.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 77
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 42 (1970), S. 135-149 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 78
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 42 (1970), S. 108-123 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Zur Erfassung der Grenzflächenreaktionen wurde die bei rd. 750 Torr und 25 °C stattfindende Absorption von CO2, O2 und N2 in sehr dünne Wasserfilme gemessen, die an einer rotierenden Walze kontinuierlich neu gebildet werden. Die in Abhängigkeit von der Phasenkontaktzeit zwischen 10-1 und 2 · 10-4 s bestimmten Absorptionen wurden nach den Gesetzen der instationären Diffusion ausgewertet. Dabei ergab sich, daß die experimentell ermittelten Absorptionsraten bei der Übertragung von O2 und N2 deutlich kleiner sind als bei der streng durch Diffusion begrenzten Absorption. Aus diesen Abweichungen werden die Grenzflächenwiderstände und daraus die Akkommodationskoeffizienten α berechnet. Für den O2- und N2-Übergang in die Flüssigphase ergibt sich für α rd. 10-6, bei dem rückläfigen Übertritt in die Gasphase erhält man für α rd. 10-4.
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
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  • 79
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 42 (1970), S. 123-128 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Radionuklid-Batterien gewinnen wegen ihrer hohen Beständigkeit, ihrer völligen Wartungsfreiheit und ihres geringen Platzbedarfs in zunehmendem Maße vor allem im Nachrichtenwesen und in der Medizin an Bedeutung. In diesem Beitrag wird ein kurzer Überblick über die gebräuchlichen Verfahren zur Umwandlung von Strahlungsenergie in elektrische Energie sowie über die Gewinnung und die Eigenschaften einiger wichtiger Nuklide gegeben. Dabei werden die Grenzen, die allgemein der Verwendung solcher Energiequellen gezogen sind, und die Schwierigkeiten, die vor allem in der BRD dem kommerziellen Bau dieser Geräte noch entgegenstehen, diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 80
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 42 (1970), S. 150-152 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 81
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 42 (1970), S. 132-134 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Es wird der Einfluß der Spaltweite auf die Messung der Viskosität von Emulsionen und Suspensionen in Couette-Viskosimetern mit sehr geringer Spaltweite nachgewiesen. Der Effekt beruht auf einer Verdrängung der Teilchen aus den wandnahen Schichten. Zahlenwerte für die Dicken der entmischten Schichten werden mitgeteilt.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 82
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 42 (1970) 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 83
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Organische Anionen, Natriumazid und Grignard-Verbindungen lassen sich an Platin-Anoden oxidativ an Olefine addieren. Das Primäraddukt dimerisiert zu additiven Dimeren, ergibt durch gemischte Kupplung bzw. Ein-Elektronenoxidation zu Carbonium-Ionen 1,2-disubstituierte Olefine oder reagiert unter Wasserstoff-Abspaltung zu Alkyl- und Alkenyl-Derivaten. Arylolefine, Butadien und Enoläther werden an Graphit-Elektroden zu Radikal-Kationen oxidiert, die unter gleichzeitiger Knüpfung einer C-C-Bindung und Einführung eines Nukleophils oder einer Doppelbindung Schwanz/Schwanz-Dimere bilden. Dadurch werden Butan-Derivate, Diene und 1,4-Dicarbonyl-Verbindungen einstufig zugänglich.
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  • 84
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 42 (1970), S. 153-164 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Bei der Elektrosynthese organischer Verbindungen ist es von Vorteil, daß die Selektivität und damit die Ausbeute hoch ist, daß man stöchiometrische Parallelprodukte vermeidet und den Prozeß leicht automatisieren kann und daß man schließlich Normaldruck und Raumtemperatur als Verfahrensparameter hat, wodurch die breite Anwendung von Kunststoffen und Ionenaustauscher-Membranen möglich ist. Viele spezifische Probleme bezüglich der Elektroden, des Elektrolyten, des Lösungsmittels, der optimalen Zellenkonstruktion und nicht zuletzt der Kosten für die Elektroenergie konnten in der letzten Zeit gelöst werden. Dies wird an einigen Beispielen, wie der Elektrosynthese von Adipinsäuredinitril, von Bleialkylen, von Sebacinsäureester und von Salicylaldehyd, aufgezeigt. Die Elektrosynthese von Adipinsäuredinitril demonstriert auch, welche Umstände die Einführung eines elektrochemischen Verfahrens zwingend erscheinen lassen und gegen welche Konkurrenzverfahren dieses sich im Laufe der Zeit behaupten muß.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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  • 85
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 42 (1970), S. 180-184 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Äthylen- und Propylenchlorhydrin können durch Elektrolyse von Chlorid-Lösungen, in die gleichzeitig das Olefin eingeleitet wird, mit guter Stromausbeute erhalten werden. Die Einflüsse verschiedener Variablen, z. B. der Chlorid-Konzentration, der Zellengröße und der Konzentration des gebildeten Chlorhydrins, auf die Ausbeute wurden untersucht und die Ergebnisse, von denen das auffallendste die Abhängigkeit der Ausbeute von der Zellengröße ist, gedeutet. In der Technik ist das Chlorhydrin vor allem als Zwischenprodukt bei der Herstellung des Olefinoxids von Bedeutung. Es wird eine kurze Übersicht über neuere, in der Patentliteratur veröffentlichte Versuche gegeben, bei denen die Bildung des Chlorhydrins im Anodenraum mit dessen Verseifung im Kathodßnraum gekoppelt wird.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 86
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 42 (1970), S. 170-175 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Zur Synthese bifunktioneller organischer Verbindungen bietet die Kolbe-Elektrolyse viele Möglichkeiten, die jedoch bisher technisch kaum genutzt wurden. In dieser Arbeit wird die Elektrolyse von Di-, Amino- und Oxycarbonsäuren näher untersucht. Die hierfür entwickelte Vibratorzelle erlaubt es, trotz der starken Gasentwicklung während der Reaktion, mit einem geringen Elektrodenabstand und folglich mit einer niedrigen Zellspannung zu arbeiten. Die Abhängigkeit der Ausbeuten vom Substrat und den Elektrolysebedingungen, wie Neutralisationsgrad, Stromdichte und Lösungsmittel, wird an einigen Beispielen aufgezeigt.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 87
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Die Oxidation von Carbonsäuren, Alkoholen, Aldehyden u. ä. organischen Verbindungen ist auf elektrochemischem Wege meist nur an katalytisch aktiven Elektroden mit metallischem Leitungscharakter möglich. An belichteten Halbleitern mit großer Bandlücke hat sich durch die Erzeugung energiereicher Defektelektronen eine andere Möglichkeit für solche Oxidationen ergeben. Ein besonderer Reaktionsablauf führt zu einer Erhöhung der Quantenausbeute für den Strom durch zusätzliche Injektion von Leitungselektronen, wie mit verschiedenen organischen Substanzen beobachtet werden kann. Die in Frage kommenden Mechanismen werden diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 88
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 42 (1970), S. 189-189 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 89
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In zahlreichen aprotischen, organische Kationen enthaltenden Lösungsmitteln läßt sich molekularer Sauerstoff elektrochemisch zum O2--Ion reduzieren. Die Kinetik der Reaktion hängt entscheidend vom Elektrodenmaterial ab. Lösungen mit O2--Ionen bzw. Ionen, die eine O2--Gruppe enthalten, haben basische, nukleophile und Redox-Eigenschaften. Die Autoxidation aromatischer Kohlenwasserstoffe wird durch O2--Ionen katalytisch beschleunigt; eine Oxidation ist auch in Abwesenheit von molekularem Sauerstoff möglich. Die nukleophile Substitution von Halogen-Atomen oder ähnlichen Gruppen führt in guter Ausbeute über Hydroperoxid-Radikale zu organischen Peroxiden. Einige weitere nukleophile und Redox-Reaktionen des O2--Ions werden kurz erläutert.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 90
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 42 (1970), S. 190-195 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Die Kombination von Elektronenspinresonanz und elektrochemischen Methoden wird in den letzten Jahren in zunehmendem Maße zur Klärung von Reaktionsmechanismen in der organischen Elektrochemie angewendet. Nach einer kurzen Einführung in das Prinzip der Elektronenspinresonanz und in die experimentelle Methodik bei elektrochemischer Radikalerzeugung werden summarisch die Möglichkeiten veranschaulicht, durch Anwendung der Elektronenspinresonanz Beiträge zu elektrochemischen Fragestellungen zu leisten. Neben dem bloßen Nachweis von Radikalen, ihrer Konzentrationsbestimmung (z. B. für kinetische Untersuchungen) sowie Informationen von theoretischem Interesse (Molekülorbital-Energien, Kinetik von Elektronen-Austauschprozessen, Wechselwirkung mit dem Medium, Konformation) sind es vor allem definitive Aussagen über die Molekülstruktur der Radikale, die elektrochemische Mechanismen aufzuklären vermögen; dies wird an einigen Beispielen erläutert.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 91
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 42 (1970), S. 196-199 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Durch eine galvanostatische Impulsmethode mit Stromumkehr wird die Ladungsausbeute an Magnesium-Elektroden in Lösungen von Grignard-Reagens in Diäthyläther gemessen. Die charakteristischen Wirkungen von Sauerstoff, Aceton und einigen Halogenkohlenwasserstoffen - durch alle drei Zusätze wird z. B. die Ladungsausbeute verringert - werden beschrieben und diskutiert. Abschließend werden einige Anwendungsmöglichkeiten der Methode auf andere Probleme vorgeschlagen.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 92
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 42 (1970), S. 199-202 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Elektrochemisch reduzierbare organische Substanzen, besonders aromatische Nitro-Verbindungen, werden wegen ihrer hohen theoretischen Energiedichte als Elektrodenmaterial in energiereichen galvanischen Primärzellen verwendet. Der heutige Stand der Entwicklung solcher Organo-Primärzellen wird dargestellt. Im Laboratorium hergestellte Zellen mit m-Dinitrobenzol als positiver und Magnesium als negativer Elektrode erreichen heute Energiedichten von 100 bis 160 Wh/kg. Eine industrielle Fertigung solcher Zellen ist bisher nicht bekannt geworden.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 93
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Für Batterien großer Energiedichte werden elektrochemische Systeme mit sehr elektronegativen Metallen in protonen-freien organischen Lösungsmitteln erwogen. Theoretische Überlegungen zeigen, daß aus physikalisch-chemischen und technischen Gründen neben einer Lithium-Anode für die Kathode nur eine sehr begrenzte Auswahl von Elektroden-Materialien in Frage kommt, was experimentell bestätigt werden konnte. Dreieckspannungsmessungen in Propylencarbonat ergaben, daß als Anode Lithium am besten geeignet ist, während für die Kathoden nur die Chloride des Silbers und Kupfers sowie für geringe Stromdichten noch die Fluoride dieser Metalle brauchbar sind. Die technischen Möglichkeiten derartiger Hochenergiebatterien sowie ihre Vor- und Nachteile gegenüber herkömmlichen Systemen werden diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 94
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Verschiedene aromatische Nitro-Verbindungen sind aufgrund ihrer hohen theoretischen Coulomb-Kapazität als Depolarisator für Primärbatterien interessant. Zur Herstellung von Elektroden muß die organische Substanz mit elektronenleitenden Stoffen verarbeitet werden, welche bezüglich der Reduktionsreaktion eine ausreichende elektrochemische Aktivität aufweisen. Am besten geeignet sind hierfür bestimmte Aktivkohle-Pulver. Die richtige Auswahl der verwendeten Kohle sowie die Herstellungsmethode sind von entscheidendem Einfluß auf die Elektrodeneigenschaften. Durch ein spezielles Verfahren ist es gelungen, Elektroden zu entwickeln, die mit Stromdichten bis zu 1 A/g aktiver Masse im Dauerbetrieb belastet werden können. Herstellung und Eigenschaften dieser Elektroden werden beschrieben.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 95
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 42 (1970), S. 213-218 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Bei der Erzeugung von elementarem Phosphor hält der Trend zur weiteren Produktionssteigerung auf der ganzen Welt an. Für den Anfang der siebziger Jahre rechnet man mit einer jährlichen Gesamterzeugung von rd. 1 Mio t. In diesem Beitrag wird ein kurzer Überblick über den gegenwärtigen Stand der Technologie auf diesem Gebiet gegeben. Außerdem werden wirtschaftliche Tendenzen für die Herstellung von Phosphorsäure nach dem thermischen und dem nassen Aufschlußverfahren sowie die Möglichkeiten zu leistungsstärkeren Einheiten diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 96
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Die Untersuchung elektrochemischer Zellen mit nichtwäßrigem Elektrolyten hat zur Konstruktion einer praktisch verwendbaren Li/CuS-Primärbatterie mit einer spezifischen Energie bis zu 300 Wh/kg geführt. Darüber hinaus wurden wiederaufladbare Systeme mit Li/CuCl2-Elektrodenpaaren und halogenhaltigen Lösungsmitteln entwickelt. Ihre Energiedichten liegen vier- bis sechsmal höher als die konventioneller Systeme.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 97
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 42 (1970), S. 226-230 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 98
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 42 (1970), S. 230-232 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 99
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Wesentlich für den optimalen Ablauf elektrothermischer Verfahren mit Anfall von Schlacke ist der Widerstand, den der elektrische Strom im Ofen findet. Es ist für die einzelnen Produkte von Bedeutung, welche Temperatur im Reaktionsraum erreicht wird, weiterhin auch die Lage des Reaktionsraumes im Ofen. Nach ausführlicher Besprechung der Möglichkeiten zur Beeinflussung des elektrischen Widerstandes wird der Einfluß der Schlacken-Zusammensetzung auf die Herstellung von Ferrochrom-Legierungen behandelt. Bei den Schlacken der Ferromangan-Legierungen führen nur bauliche Maßnahmen, d. h. große Elektrodenabstände, zu günstigen Reduktionsergebnissen.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 100
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Für die Chloralkali-Elektrolyse wurden Anoden mit einem Gerüst aus Titan entwickelt, das mit einem Gemisch von Oxiden bedeckt ist. Die neuen Anoden zeichnen sich durch gute chemische und mechanische Beständigkeit aus. Das entstehende Gas kann aus dem Elektrodenzwischenraum gut entweichen. Die Elektrodenoberfläche ist über lange Zeit elektrokatalytisch wirksam und verhältnismäßig unempfindlich gegen eine Berührung mit Quecksilber und Amalgam. Zellen mit den neuen Anoden arbeiten wirtschaftlicher als Zellen mit Graphit-Anoden.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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