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  • 1985-1989
  • 1970-1974  (215)
  • 1925-1929
  • 1850-1859
  • 1972  (215)
  • Ultrastructure  (115)
  • Engineering  (100)
  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The structure of the organ of bellonci of the syncarid crustacean, Anaspides tasmaniae (Thomson) (1972)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 132 (1972), S. 431-450 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Organ of bellonci (Anaspides tasmaniae) ; Crustacea ; SPX organ ; Receptor ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The organ of Bellonci of Anaspides tasmaniae (Thomson) (Crustacea, Syncarida) is described light and electron microscopically, and a few histochemical tests are reported. Located ventrally in the eyestalk below the medulla interna, the organ is composed of a number of cavities. These are similar in structure in their contents and associated cellular components, which include two types of glia cells delimiting each cavity and the terminal parts of a few dendrites. Each dendrite usually bears two cilia, which project into the cavity where they split up into numerous branches. The organ is supplied by three nerve tracts: two from the medulla terminalis and one from the medulla interna. The sensory pore, which is innervated from the medulla interna, is not closely associated with the organ of Bellonci in Anaspides. No marked secretory activity is detectable by histochemical or ultrastructural observations. It is thought that the organ has a sensory function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306635
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The eyes of Creophilus erythrocephalus F. and Sartallus signatus sharp (Staphylinidae: Coleoptera) (1972)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 133 (1972), S. 59-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Compound eyes ; Coleoptera ; Ultrastructure ; Dark-light-adaptation ; Irregularities
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The structures of the eyes of two Staphylinid beetles, one large (Creophilus erythrocephalus—18 mm in length) and one small (Sartallus signatus—3 mm in length), were compared. 1. The gross structure of the two eyes is the same: a) biconvex corneal lens, b) crystalline cone of “acone type”, c) narrow crystalline thread and thickening of cone cell extensions just above the rhabdom, d) seven retinula cells plus one basal cell, and e) almost the same corneal refractive index and optical properties of the corneal cuticle. Considerable differences exist in size, shape and arrangement of rhabdom, retinula cells and their axons. The smaller size of the eye of Sartallus is caused by reduction of number of facets rather than cell size, and, in fact, retinula cells and rhabdom have been found to be larger in the smaller beetle. 2. Structural changes during dark-light-adaptation affect crystalline cone, position of screening pigment and size of intercellular spaces between the retinula cells. In the dark-adapted state the cone retracts a little and the crystalline tract becomes wider. A thickening of cone cell extensions occurs just above the rhabdom. Screening pigment migrates to a more distal position and intercellular spaces between the retinula cells considerably increase in size as compared with the light-adapted eye. 3. Both eyes are rich in irregularities. An attempt to classify anomalies of compound eyes has been made. The number of cone cells and principal pigment cells varied, in some cases, from 1–5 and 0–3 respectively. Basal retinula cells did not always contribute to the rhabdom. 4. Interferometrical observations reveal the extreme optical homogeneity of the entire corneal cuticle of the eyes of both species. No layers of different refractive index or optical separation of adjacent ommatidia can be found. The refractive index of the cornea of Creophilus is 1.469; that of Sartallus is 1.488. 5. Functional consequences of the changes which occur during dark-light-adaptation are discussed. Exposure to intense light appears to cause a rapid aging of retinula cells, which is indicated by an increase of onion- and multivesicular bodies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307068
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  • 103
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Ultrastruktur des Gabeschen Organs von Schizophyllum sabulosum L. (Diplopoda, Iuliformia) (1972)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 132 (1972), S. 273-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Diplopoda ; Organ of Gabe ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Das Gabesche Organ von Schizophyllum sabulosum ist paarig und liegt im seitlichen Clypeolabrum. Es wird von Axonen des Nervus labri medialis erreicht, der vorher Seitenzweige abgegeben hat. 2. Die Axone gehören neurosekretorischen Zellen des Protocerebrum an und enthalten Neurosekret. Die Elementargranula sind recht gleichmäßig ellipsoid, der große Durchmesser beträgt ca. 1200 Å. Die Axone enden im Organ und stellen dessen extrinsische Komponente dar. 3. Außerdem gibt es zwei intrinsische Zelltypen: 1) Drüsenparenchymzellen mit axonartigen Fortsätzen und 2) gliaartige Zellen. Die Parenchymzellen bilden Sekret in Form opaker Vakuolen, die deutlich größer als die Neurosekretgranula sind. Auffällig ist das überwiegend vesikuläre endoplasmatische Reticulum. Die Mitochondrien liegen in der Nähe von myelinähnlichen Körpern; ihre Außenmembran ist stellenweise vakuolig vorgewölbt. Die axonartigen Fortsätze enthalten viele längsorientierte Mikrotubuli. 4. Die langen Fortsätze der gliaartigen Zellen umhüllen die Parenchymzellen und die extrinsischen Axone meist in mehreren Schichten. Es gibt aber auch Bereiche, in denen vor allem die Fortsätze der Parenchymzellen und die extrinsischen Axone nackt sind. 5. Das Organ ist gegen das umgebende Hämocoel von einer dicken, lamellierten Stromahülle abgegrenzt. Auch Interzellularräume sind mit Stroma gefüllt. 6. Das Organ wird mit der Cerebraldrüse einiger Chilopoden und gewissen endokrinen Organen anderer Diplopoden und Insekten verglichen.
    Notes: Summary 1. The paired organ of Gabe of Schizophyllum sabulosum is situated in the lateral clypeolabrum. It is innervated by axons of the medial labral nerve, which divides in several branches before reaching the organ. 2. Axons extend from neurosecretory cells of the protocerebrum and contain neurosecretory droplets, which are almost ellipsoid and about 1,200 Å in diameter. The axons terminate in the organ and constitute its extrinsic elements. 3. In addition, there are two types of intrinsic cells: (1) parenchyma cells with axon-like processes and (2) glia-like cells. The parenchyma cells produce secretory material in the form of opaque vacuoles, which are clearly larger than the neurosecretory granules. The preponderantly vesicular endoplasmic reticulum is conspicuous. Also characteristic are the mitochondria, whose superficial membranes are expanded locally, and which lie in the near vicinity of myeline-like bodies. The axon-like processes contain many microtubuli oriented in longitudinal direction. 4. The slender processes of the glia-like cells envelop both parenchyma cells and extrinsic axons usually in several layers; but there are also regions in which the processes of the parenchyma cells and, above all, the extrinsic axons are naked. 5. The organ is delimited from the surrounding hemocoele by a thick laminated stroma. Intercellular spaces are also filled with stroma. 6. The organ is compared with the cerebral gland of some chilopods and with certain endocrine organs of other diplopods and insects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307017
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  • 104
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An ultrastructural study of the body wall muscles of the pentastomid Reighardia sternae dies. 1864 parasitic on the herring gull Larus argentatus pontopp (1972)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 130 (1972), S. 12-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Muscle tissue ; Pentastomid ; Body wall ; Parasite ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine structure of the body wall muscle of the pentastomid Reighardia sternae is described. The muscle fibres are separated from one another and form two layers, circular and longitudinal. They are cross-striated with approximately 11 actin filaments surrounding each myosin filament. The T-system consists of simple in-pushings of the sarcolemma. The SR is also simple and forms both dyadic and triadic contacts with the T-system tubules and dyadic contacts with the sarcolemma. Electron-dense inclusions occur, usually in the vicinity of the Z-lines, and it is suggested that these may be composed of unsaturated lipids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306991
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  • 105
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure de l'endomètre humain normal (1972)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 133 (1972), S. 47-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Endometrium ; Human ; Granular stroma cells ; Relaxin ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'ultrastructure générale des cellules K endométriales est semblable chez l'Homme, le Rat et le Singe. Mais les granulations des cellules K humaines sont plus variées que dans ces deux dernières espèces et ont certains aspects suggérant une fonction catabolique. Etant donné cet aspect catabolique et l'existence connue d'une activité phosphatasique acide de ces cellules contenant de la relaxine, les auteurs suggèrent que les cellules K pourraient être des cellules sécrétantes en involution et ques les cellules sécrétant activement la relaxine pourraient avoir un aspect morphologique quelque peu différent de celui des cellules K.
    Notes: Summary The general ultrastructure of endometrial granular stroma cells is similar in man, rat, and monkey. But the granulations of human granular stroma cells are more various than in these two last species and have some aspects suggesting a catabolic function. With respect to this catabolic aspect and the previously shown acid-phosphatase activity of these relaxin-containing cells the authors suggest that the granular stroma cells could be involutive secretory cells and that the active relaxin-secretory cells may have some different morphological aspect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307067
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  • 106
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Morphologie des Ovars von Viviparus contectus (Millet 1813), (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia) (1972)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 133 (1972), S. 103-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ovary ; Gastropoda ; Follicle cells ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Ovar von Viviparus contectus besteht, wie licht- und elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen ergeben, aus einem langen, terminal verzweigten dünnen Schlauch, dessen Wand von einem Epithel aus Oocyten in allen Entwicklungsstadien und Follikelzellen gebildet wird. Das Vorkommen von Oogonien in den Ovarien adulter Weibchen ist zweifelhaft. Die Follikelzellen sind als Begleitzellen der Oocyten im allgemeinen extrem langgestreckt. Mit ihrer Basis sitzen sie einer dünnen Basalmembran fibrillärer Struktur auf, wie sie bisher nur für Mollusken beschrieben wurde. Die Follikelzellen enthalten große Mengen von Vesikeln, einen bemerkenswert gut ausgebildeten Golgi-Apparat, spärliches rauhes endoplasmatisches Retikulum und zahlreiche heterogene cytosomale Einschlüsse. Charakteristisch für die Zellen sind außerdem in der Längsrichtung liegende cytoplasmatische Mikrotubuli und vereinzelte Kinetosomen. Obwohl keine direkten morphologischen Beziehungen zwischen Follikelzellen und Oocyten festgestellt werden konnten, wird vermutet, daß die Follikelzellen Material degenerierender Oocyten aus dem Lumen des Ovars resorbieren und speichern. Dieses kann den heranwachsenden Oocyten zugute kommen.
    Notes: Summary The ovary of Viviparus contectus was studied light and electron microscopically. It consists of an extended and terminally branched duct, its wall being formed by oocytes of all stages and by follicle cells. The existence of oogonia in the adult females cannot be established with certainty. According to their relationship to the growing oocytes the follicle cells are in general extremely elongated. At the basis they are attached to a thin basement lamina having a fibrillar structure hitherto only known in molluscs. The follicle cells contain many vesicles, a remarkably well-developed golgi apparatus, some rough endoplasmic reticulum, and many heterogeneous cytosomes. Characteristic for these cells are also cytoplasmic microtubules oriented longitudinally along the cell axis. Kinetosomes can rarely be seen. Although there are no apparent direct interrelationships between follicle cells and oocytes, it is suggested that they are engaged in resorbing material of degenerating oocytes from the lumen of the ovary and in storing materials which may be used by the growing oocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307070
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  • 107
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ultrastructure of neuromuscular systems in Notoplana acticola, a free-living polyclad flatworm (1972)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 133 (1972), S. 277-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Flatworm ; Muscle ; Neuromuscular junction ; Sarcoplasm ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neuromuscular junctions in the marine polyclad flatworm, Notoplana acticola were studied with the electron microscope. Synapses were found between nerve endings and specialized extensions of the muscle cells. Characteristically these processes contained clear cytoplasm with a basal mitochondrion and numerous microtubules aligned parallel to the long axis of the extension. Sarcoplasmic diverticuli which contained the nucleus had granular cytoplasm with an assortment of membranes and organelles. We have proposed the term sarconeural junction to describe synapses between long sarcoplasmic extensions and nerve cells in flatworms as well as other animals. Tight junctions between adjacent contractile portions of muscle cells were common. As groups of cells appeared to be connected by tight junctions or shared common nerve terminals we conjectured that these formed discrete functional motor-units.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307148
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  • 108
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastruktur und Jodaufnahme der Schilddrüse bei Larven des Krallenfrosches (Xenopus laevis Daud.) (1972)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 130 (1972), S. 553-574 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Thyroid gland ; Xenopus laevis ; Iodine uptake ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ziel dieser Untersuchung war eine physiologische Deutung der Ultrastruktur von Schilddrüsenepithelzellen bei Larven von Xenopus laevis. Dazu wurden elektronenmikroskopische Bilder mit morphometrischen Methoden quantitativ ausgewertet und die Ergebnisse mit Jodaufnahmedaten verglichen. So konnte die Aktivierung der Schilddrüse durch TSH bei kälteblockierten bzw. hypophysektomierten Tieren mit Veränderungen während der spontanen Metamorphose verglichen werden. Ihrer Ultrastruktur nach sind die Schilddrüsen blockierter Prometamorphoselarven in der Entwicklung auf ein früheres Stadium zurückversetzt. Auch zeigen hypophysektomierte Larven keine spontane Jodaufnahme. Eine einmalige TSH-Injektion läßt dann die Größe und Form der verschiedenen Organellen vorübergehend den Zustand der Kontrollen erreichen. Besonders rasch und stark sprechen einerseits die Kernstruktur, andererseits Mikrovilli und Kolloidtropfenvolumen, welche die Resorption von Thyreoglobulin charakterisieren, auf den TSH-Reiz an. Die Jodaufnahme verläuft langsamer. Auch reagieren die an der Synthese beteiligten Organellen später und schwächer. In der spontanen Metamorphose wachsen die Schilddrüsen, nach Totalvolumen, Cytoplasmavolumen einzelner Zellen und Epithelhöhe beurteilt, bis zum Ende der Metamorphose weiter und nehmen entsprechend mehr Jod auf. Ebenso wird während der ganzen Klimax die Kolloidresorption der einzelnen Zellen stärker. Aus den Ergebnissen wird geschlossen, daß die TSH-Sekretion schon in der Prometamorphose einsetzt und bis gegen Ende der Metamorphose zunimmt.
    Notes: Summary The epithelial cells of the thyroid gland in larvae of Xenopus laevis were investigated with the electron microscope. Morphometrical methods yielded quantitative data on the morphology. The uptake of radioactive iodine was studied in order to obtain information on the physiological activity. Thus changes in the thyroid gland following the injection of TSH in tadpoles which had been hypophysectomized or blocked at low temperature were compared with the development of glands during spontaneous metamorphosis. The thyroid glands of blocked prometamorphic larvae resemble those of younger developmental stages as judged by their ultrastructure. In addition no spontaneous accumulation of iodine is observed. Following an injection of TSH the morphology of the various organelles becomes temporarily identical to that of the controls. These changes are most prominent in the nucleus as well as in the microvilli and the colloid droplets, which characterize the resorption of thyroglobulin. Only a minor effect of the TSH stimulus is found on iodine uptake and on organelles concerned with protein synthesis. During normal metamorphosis an increase is observed in the following parameters: (1) volume of the thyroid gland, (2) volume of the cytoplasm and height of single epithelial cells, (3) resorption of colloid, (4) iodine uptake. This increase persists until the end of the climax. Based on the present results TSH secretion is assumed to start in early prometamorphosis and to rise up to the end of metamorphosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307007
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  • 109
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Morphologie und Funktion der Calcitoninzellen (C-Zellen) der Ratte (1972)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 134 (1972), S. 13-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Rat ; Thyroid C-cells ; Ultrastructure ; Tocopherol and Ubiquinone deficiency ; Substitution (d,1-α-Tocopherol, α-Tocopherolquinone)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An der Schilddrüse von Wistar-Ratten wurde der Einfluß der Kost (Laborstandardkost, halbsynthetische-tocopherolhaltige und halbsynthetische-tocopherol-freie Kost) und der subkutanen Injektion von Tocopherol und Tocopherolchinon auf die Ultrastruktur der C-Zellen untersucht. Während nach Standardfütterung die Aktivität der C-Zellen der Norm entspricht, werden Syntheseleistung und Sekretabgabe dieser Zellelemente durch die halbsynthetische-tocopherolhaltige Kost gesteigert und im alimentären Tocopherol-Ubichinonmangel wieder gedämpft. Der elektronenmikroskopisch erkennbare Gehalt der C-Zellen an Sekretgranula entspricht der in vitro ermittelten Calcitoninaktivität. Die Beziehungen zwischen den Funktionskreisen von Thyreozyten und Calcitoninzellen werden diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary The influence of different diets (standard laboratory diet, semisynthetic tocopherol-containing and semisynthetic tocopherol-free diet) and the influence of subcutaneous injections of tocopherol and tocopherolquinone upon the ultrastructure of the C-cells in the thyroid gland of Wistar rats were investigated. While the activity of the C-cells is quite normal after feeding a standard diet, the synthetic and secretory activities of these cells show an increase with a semisynthetic diet containing tocopherol, but a decrease during alimentary lack of tocopherol and tocopherolquinone. The amount of secretory granules in the C-cells as seen with the electron microscope corresponds with the in vitro-activity of extracted calcitonin. The relations between the functional system of the thyrocytes and that of the C-cells are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307233
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  • 110
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ultrastructure of the A1 sensilla on the posterior surface of the clypeo-labrum of Locusta migratoria migratorioides (R and F) (1972)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 134 (1972), S. 539-554 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Chemoreceptors ; Locusta ; Clypeo-labrum ; Light and electron microscopy ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The A1 sensilla are asymmetric in distribution. Each sensillum contains five bipolar neurons, the distal regions of which extend to the tip of a cuticular cone which has a terminal pore. This was shown with the scanning electron microscope, but was not seen in section. The receptor-lymph cavity of the tormogen cell and the basal cavity of the neurilemma cell contain an electron-dense material unlike other contact chemoreceptors of Locusta prepared for electron microscopy in the same manner. Isolated axons of unknown function occur below the basement membrane and also between epidermal cells surrounding the sensillum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307673
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  • 111
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the anuran pars intermedia following severance of hypothalamic connection (1972)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 131 (1972), S. 545-557 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pars intermedia ; Hypothalamus ; Anurans ; Hormone release ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the pars intermedia of Rana catesbeiana tadpoles was studied following isolation from the hypothalamus, in vivo after sectioning of the pituitary stalk, and in vitro after implantation of the pituitary into a piece of tail fin. Both experimental procedures were followed by rapid and sustained skin darkening. Pituitaries from normal light and dark adapted tadpoles served as controls. In 4-hour disinhibited glands, melanotrophs revealed hyperactive Golgi bodies, colloid vesicles (1–2 microns) in close proximity to axon terminals, and no apparent loss of secretory granules. At 24 hours extracellular colloid adjacent to axon terminals was found, and extensive arrays of RER appeared in the melanotrophs. Obvious granule loss from secretory cells occurred within a week, by which time the cytoplasm was occupied by large cisterns of SER and RER and abundant free ribosomes. Dense core vesicles (600–900 Å) in aminergic nerve terminals disappeared shortly after isolation of the pituitary from the hypothalamus, and only decreasing numbers of translucent vesicles (200–300 Å) were found. The functional significance of these changes is discussed, with particular emphasis on the mode of acute hormone release.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306970
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  • 112
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oligodendrocytes in the normal and chronically de-afferented lateral geniculate body of the monkey (1972)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 135 (1972), S. 115-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Oligodendroglia ; Monkey ; De-afferentation ; Ultrastructure ; Densebodies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electron microscopical examination of the norma and de-afferented ‘laterall geniculate body’ of the monkey following paraformaldehyde-glutaraldehyde vascular perfusion revealed distinctive morphological features of different types of oligodendrocyte. These cells were normally situated as perineuronal satellites or in relation to axons and capillaries. A wide range of nuclear and cytoplasmic densities were displayed by both satellite and interfascicular oligodendrocytes. The following distinctive features for the identification of ligodendrocytes were utilised: the presence of large quantities of free ribosomes and ribosomal rosettes, microtubular profiles, dense marginal aggregation of nuclear chromatin together with light patches and numerous nuclear pores; but the absence of broad cytoplasmic processes, glycogen and gliofibrils. Circumferential perinuclear organization of the cytoplasmic organelles was typical of oligodendrocytes. Particular attention was paid to perineuronal satellite cells in view of the known transneuronal atrophy in the de-afferented geniculate body. Some cells having a nuclear pattern of oligodendrocytes but showing hyalinisation of perikaryon were seen in de-afferented laminae. A notable feature was the presence of variegated “osmiophilic bodies” in the perikaryon of oligodendrocytes also situated in the de-afferented laminae. A cell type combining the features of oligodendrocytes and astrocytes was classified as ‘intermediate neuroglia’.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307092
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  • 113
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Les cellules corticotropes de l'hypophyse d'un Amphibien après interrénalectomie (1972)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 132 (1972), S. 333-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary gland ; Amphibians ; Corticotrophs ; Ultrastructure ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'identification des cellules responsables de l'élaboration de la corticotropine (ACTH) a été envisagée chezRana esculenta. Les effects causés par l'interrénalectomie au niveau de l'hypophyse ont été étudiés parallèlement par immunofluorescence et au microscope électronique. Au microscope à fluorescence, les cellules détectées chez les animaux témoins avec un antisérum anti-synachten1 bordent en grand nombre les capillaires des zones médiorostrale et ventrale du lobe antérieur. Deux jours après interrénalectomie, le nombre de cellules fluorescentes décroît, douze jours après l'intervention, il ne subsiste pas d'éléments fluorescents dans cette zone. Au microscope électronique, les cellules corticotropes présentent de fines granulations d'environ 200 mμ de diamètre. Après interrénalectomie bilatérale, ces cellules sont fortement stimulées, elles sont sujettes à d'importantes modifications morphologiques; l'aspect morphologique des autres catégories de cellules antéhypophysaires, par contre, n'est pratiquement pas modifié. Douze jours après l'opération, la plupart de ces cellules sont dégranulées, l'ergastoplasme et l'appareil de Golgi sont bien développés. Ces observations suggèrent que les cellules péricapillaires de la moitié rostrale de lapars distalis sécrètent l'hormone corticotrope.
    Notes: Summary Identification of the cell types responsible for the production of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) was performed inRana esculenta. The effects of interrenalectomy on the pituitary cells were studied as well by immunofluorescence, as by electron microscopy. In control animals, the ACTH cells studied by immunofluorescence are numerous around the blood vessels of the medio-rostral and medio-ventral part of the anterior lobe. Two days after interrenalectomy the number of fluorescent cells decreases. Twelve days after, the operation all the fluorescent cells disappeared. The fine structure of the corticotrophs is characterized by the presence of small secretory granules (200 mμ). After bilateral interrenalectomy this cell type is markedly stimulated; it displays striking morphological changes, while the morphology of the other pituitary cell types is not considerably modified. Twelve days after operation most of these cells are degranulated, the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus are well developed. These findings suggest that the pericapillary cells of the rostral half of thepars distalis produce the adrenocorticotrophic hormone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02450713
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  • 114
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastruktur des Pseudoculus vonEosentomon (Protura, Insecta) (1972)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 135 (1972), S. 539-551 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pseudoculus ; Eosentomon (Protura, Insecta) ; Sense organ ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In der Feinstruktur unterscheidet sich der Pseudoculus vonEosentomon nicht wesentlich von dem der Acerentomiden. Durch einen Endokutikulaporus treten die dendritischen Fortsätze zweier Sinneszellen, jeweils umgeben von einer Hüllzelle, in den Außenraum des Pseudoculus ein. Der Außenraum wird nach distal von einer äußeren Kutikulaschicht — vermutlich Epikutikula — abgeschlossen. Sie vermittelt durch regelmäßig angeordnete lange Spalten die Verbindung zur Außenwelt. Am Grunde der Spalten finden sich Porentubuli, die mit den Hüllzellen oder den distalen Fortsätzen der Dendriten Kontakt haben können. Aus der Feinstruktur kann geschlossen werden, daß der Pseudoculus als Chemo-, Hygro- und/oder Thermorezeptor fungiert.
    Notes: Summary Concerning its fine structure the pseudoculus of Eosentomon is quite similar to that of Acerentomide Protura. There are two sensory cells innervating the organ. From each of them one dendritic process derives, surrounded by one enveloping cell. The processes of these four cells enter the distal cavity of the pseudoculus through a pore in the endocuticular layer. The cuticular layer of the cap seems to consist of epicuticle only. It is furrowed by long clefts connecting the distal cavity of the organ with the outside. Poretubules insert at the base of the clefts and may have contact with the cell membranes of both enveloping cells and dendritic processes. According to its structure the pseudoculus may function as chemo-, hygro- and/or thermoreceptor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00583435
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    Nervous system of the snailHelix aspersa (1972)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 135 (1972), S. 473-482 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurosecretory nerves ; Glial and pigment cells ; Neural sheath ; Gastropods ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine structure of neurosecretory nerves and endings associated with the sheath of the infraesophageal ganglion ofHelix aspersa is described. The sheath is a neurohemal organ whose vascularized stroma receives both monoaminergic and peptidergic endings. The latter occur along the surface of the nerves or scattered within the stroma. They include a complex population of vesicular profiles. The granular vesicles (1300–3000 Å in diameter) exhibit structural modifications that may be related to the intra-axonal release of their neurohormones. The agranular vesicles (500–2000 Å in diameter) occur in large numbers and lie mostly adjacent to the axon surface. Synaptoid specializations seem to represent active sites for the extracellular discharge of neurosecretory material. The monoaminergic endings so far studied lack synaptoid specializations and contain small granular (800–1300 Å in diameter) and agranular (700 Å in diameter) vesicles. Two kinds of non-neural cells are associated with the nerves: glial cells and melanocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00583431
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    Masthead (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 4 (1972) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620040101
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    Editorial (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 4 (1972), S. 1-3 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620040102
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    Evaluation of orthogonal damping matrices (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 4 (1972), S. 5-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Two methods for the numerical evaluation of orthogonal damping matrices are developed. The first relates the modal damping ratios to the coefficients of the Caughey series. The second is a direct approach which expresses the damping matrix as a sum of a series of matrices each of which produces damping in a particular mode. It is found that the direct approach is more convenient to apply and is less numerically sensitive than the series approach.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620040103
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    A mixed finite element formulation for plate problems (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 4 (1972), S. 67-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A mixed triangular finite element model has been developed for plate bending problems in which effects of shear deformation are included. Linear distribution for all variables is assumed and the matrix equation is obtained through Reissner's variational principle. In this model, interelement compatibility is completely satisfied whereas the governing equations within the element are satisfied ‘in the mean’. A detailed error analysis is made and convergence of the scheme is proved. Numerical examples of thin and moderately thick plates are presented.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620040109
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    A sector element for thin plate flexure (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 4 (1972), S. 133-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper presents a sector shape of an element ideally suited for the analysis of sectorial and annular plates. A conforming function with twenty degrees of freedom is developed in polar co-ordinates to represent the deformation of the element in bending. The finite element method is applied to some plate bending problems to illustrate the power and efficiency of sector elements.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620040114
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    Discussion of paperJ. Robinson and M. Petyt, ‘Dynamic analysis of structures using the rank force method’, Int. J. num. Meth. Engng, 3, 103-117 (1971). By John Robinson and Maurice Petyt (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 4 (1972), S. 143-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620040115
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    Discussion of papaers By R. S. Barsoum, F. Sawko and P. A. Merriman (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 4 (1972), S. 144-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620040116
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    Letter to the editor (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 4 (1972), S. 148-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620040118
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    Discussion of paperY. Tada and G. C. Lee, ‘Finite element solution to an elastica problem of beams’, Int. num. Meth. Engng, 2, 229-241 (1970). By Yasuo Tada and George and George C. Lee (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 4 (1972), S. 145-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620040117
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    Announcements (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 4 (1972), S. 151-151 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620040119
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    Numerical methods for Orr-Sommerfeld problems (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 4 (1972), S. 195-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Five previously employed numerical methods for the solution of Orr-Sommerfeld problems have been compared to each other and to a new method, the differential method of near-orthonormalized integration. Brief summaries of each method are included. The comparison, based on seven factors, reflects the results of an implementation of a computer program for each method for the classic Orr-Sommerfeld problem of plane Poiseuille flow. This comparison shows that the new method and the algebraic finite difference method are currently the best available numerical solution methods for the problems in this class, with the new method being less problem dependent.
    Additional Material: 7 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620040206
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    Numerical solution of dynamical systems by direct application of Hamilton's principle (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 4 (1972), S. 207-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In this paper, a method is described which allows a direct derivation of a set of first-order finite difference equations to numerically compute the motion of any conservative or non-conservative dynamic system with a finite number of degrees of freedom. The derivation of the method is based on an application of Lagrangian multipliers to a functional form of Hamilton's equations, and reduces the work required to obtain the most desirable form for numerical integration from the standpoint of computational efficiency and accuracy. For systems with many degrees of freedom, the required matrix inversions produce first derivatives of the co-ordinates, instead of second derivatives, thus eliminating a potential source of error in numerical integration. Two examples are given to illustrate the method.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620040207
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    A lumped parameter element for the analysis of hyperbolic paraboloid shells (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 4 (1972), S. 235-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper presents the derivation of the stiffness matrix for a lumped parameter hyperbolic paraboloid shell element. This element is used to obtain solutions to hyperbolic paraboloid shells with various edge conditions. Numerical example for three types of support conditions (a simple support, a clamped edge and a shell supported by concentric edge beams) are presented. To illustrate the applicability of the method, the results obtained by the lumped parameter element are compared with those obtained by well-known methods of analysis such as the variational procedure, the finite difference and the finite element method.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620040209
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    Convergence of eigenvalue solution in conforming plate bending finite elements (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 4 (1972), S. 217-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The convergence proof of plate eigenvalue solution from conforming displacement finite elements is presented. The analysis is based on converting a thick plate free vibration problem in to a corresponding isoperimetric variational problem. A conforming thick, plate element is used to illustrate the mathematical development. On the basis of the derived asymptotic rate of convergence of the approximate eigenvalues, the authors propose a practical method of improving the numerical solutions. Extension of the mathematical proof to cover classical thin plate finite elements is briefly discussed.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620040208
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    Numerical solution of a separtated viscous flow problem by a non-uniform finite-difference net (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 4 (1972), S. 251-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Two-dimensional stagnation point flow of a viscous fluid is modified by the introduction of a thin plate placed symmetrically at the stagnation point. Separation of the boundary layer results in back flow near the plate even at small Reynolds numbers. The Navier-Stokes equations governing the flow are replaced by finite differences using unequal net spacing which is finer in the boundary layer. The choice of finite differences guarantees convergence of the iterative procedures used. Only those relaxation parameters, which are necessary to obtain convergence and also to make the method computationally efficient, have been used. Numerical results for Reynolds numbers 9, 100 and 400 are obtained.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620040210
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  • 131
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    Mixed finite element method for axisymmetric shells (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 4 (1972), S. 261-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A mixed variational formulation is used as basis for developing a mixed finite element method for axisymmetric shell. The independent unknowns of the method are the axial and radial displacement components, the rotation of the normal to the middle surface and the meridional bending stress couple. The basic element is a frustrum of curved meridian. General advantages of the mixed method are presented, one of which is the possibility of using piece-wise linear functions of the meridional arclength to represent the basic unknowns. Test results are presented for plate bending, transverse shear deformation, membrane behaviour, edge-zone bending, bending near the junction of two shells, convergence of the method and accuracy of middle surface curvature interpolation. Shell geometries considered are cylindrical, conical, spherical and ellipsoidal. Good results are obtained which should increase interest in the relatively less known and less tested mixed method as compared to the stiffness method.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620040211
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    Numerical approximation of one-dimensional consolidation (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 4 (1972), S. 279-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A generalized finite difference scheme is developed to represent the one-dimensional consolidation process. The difference equations are derived from integral balance equations which represent the soil as a mixture of two constituents. No restrictions are placed on the soil constitutive properties or stratigraphy. An approach to stability analysis for the scheme is outlined, and an example problem is presented.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620040212
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    Propagation of transient pules from a spherical cavity in a viscoelastic medium (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 4 (1972), S. 289-299 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The problem of an impulsively applied pressure acting on the surface of a spherical cavity in a linear viscoelastic medium is solved by an approximate inversion of the Fourier transform. The method can be applied to general models of viscoelasticity described by the Boltzmann superposition principle, with relaxation or creep functions given analytically or numerically in the time or the frequency domain.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620040213
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    A note on the estimation of critical damping in dynamic relaxation (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 4 (1972), S. 301-303 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A new way of estimating critical damping in dynamic relaxation is proposed using the concept of a mass-dependant load vector, a postulate concerning vibrations and Rayleigh's principle. The method should be particularly appealing in those not uncommon circumstances where the actual loads are approximately proportional to the masses for then the computer time required in evaluating the various constants would actually be a part of the problem-solving time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620040214
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    Dynamic probabilistic system, R. A. Howard, Wiley, New York. Vol. 1, No. of pages: 576. Price: £7·90. Vol. 2, No. of pages: 1108. Price: £8·75 (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 4 (1972), S. 303-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620040215
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    Masthead (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 4 (1972) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620040301
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    Linear algebra, vol. 2, handbook for automatic computation, J. H. Wilkinson and C. Reinsch (Editors), Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg and New York, 1971. No. of pages: 439. Price: $19.80 (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 4 (1972), S. 304-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620040216
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    An iterative approach to strucural optimizationResearch sponsored by the Air force Flight Dynamics Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, under Contract F33615-69-C-1826. (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 4 (1972), S. 331-336 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An iterative procedure of structural optimization is discussed that combines finite element analysis with the use of explicit optimality conditions. The procedure is illustrated by examples concerning sandwich beams with constraints on the deflection at a specified section, the maximum deflection or the sum of the maximum deflection in all spans of a continuous beam. The examples suggest that, starting from a uniform beam, by far the greatest saving in weight is obtained in the first two or three iterations.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620040303
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    The finite element method applied to ideal gaseous mixtures (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 4 (1972), S. 337-344 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The finite element technique is extended to an ideal gaseous mixture to study diffusion of several gaseous species in a carrier gas under various geometries and flow conditions. This is accomplished by obtaining the finite element analog of the balance of mass for each species, along with the corresponding equations for the balance of mass, momentum and energy for the mixture. Numerical results are obtained for a steady-state, incompressible, isothermal, viscous mixture of two gases for several boundary conditions. Favourable agreement is obtained between the finite element results and analytical solutions.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620040304
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    Errata (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 4 (1972), S. 452-452 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620040316
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    Optimization methods for engineering design, R. L. Fox, Addison-Wesley, Massachusetts, 1971. Price: £6·05 (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 4 (1972), S. 452-452 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620040315
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    Futher limitations on general hexahedron finite elements with derivative degrees of freedom (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 5 (1972), S. 137-139 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: It is shown that isoparametric finite elements with derivative degrees of freedom of second order or higher in the local curvilinear space demand an excessive number of degrees of freedom in the global space. To illustrate this limitation as it pertains to the continued development of higher order elements, discussion is centered around the general hexahedron element.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620050112
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    More on reduced integration and isoparametric elements (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 5 (1972), S. 141-142 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620050113
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    Elasto-plastic stress analysis. A generalization for various contitutive relations including strain softening (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 5 (1972), S. 113-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Several iterative processes for solving elasto-plastic problems are discussed in the context of a general formulation which includes: 1Associated and non-associated plasticity relations.2Strain hardening as well as strain softening behaviour.Advantages of the ‘initial stress’ process are emphasized for a wide category of problems and the isoparametric formulation is used throughout.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620050111
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  • 145
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    Vibration problems using isoparametric shell elements (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 5 (1972), S. 142-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620050114
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  • 146
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    Direct finite element analysis of elastic contact problems (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 5 (1972), S. 145-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620050115
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  • 147
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    Masthead (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 5 (1972) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620050201
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  • 148
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    Finite elements of non-linear continua, J. T. Oden, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1972. Price: $8.40 (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 5 (1972), S. 148-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620050117
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  • 149
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    Matrix differential equation and higher-order numerical methods for problems of non-linear creep, viscoelasticity and elasto-plasticityThis paper is largely based on the author's Report No. 68/2, Approximate Analysis of Linear and Nonlinear Creep Problems, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto, December, 1968, prepared under the sponsorship of Ford Science Foundation. Further refinement was obtained in connection with the preliminary research for the National Science Foundation project, Grant No. GK-26030. (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 4 (1972), S. 11-15 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The constitutive equation is assumed in a very general form which includes as special cases non-linear creep, incremental elasto-plasticity as well as viscoelasticity represented by a chain of n standard solid models. Subdividing the structure into N finite elements, the problem of structural analysis is formulated with a system of 6N(n + 1) ordinary non-linear first-order differential equations in terms of the components of stresses and strains in the elements. This formulation enables one to apply Runge-Kutta methods or the predictor-corrector methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620040104
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  • 150
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    On completeness of shape functions for finite element analysis (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 4 (1972), S. 17-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Some elements commonly used for analysis are examined for examined for completeness of polynomial interpolation and computational efficiency. Extensions to n-dimensional space are shown to be natural consequences of the interpolation, thus all elements considered here allow for finite element approximation in higher than three-dimensional spaces (e.g. space-time interpolations). From the study it is concluded that ‘serendipity’ class elements from the most efficient elements up to third-degree polynomial approximations. The method used here to develop the serendipity shape functions allows for different orders of interpolation along each edge. Thus, in zones where high accuracy is required meshes can now be easily changed from linear to quadratic or higher-order elements. Computations on some simple problems have demonstrated this to be a superior method than using large numbers of low ordered elements.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620040105
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  • 151
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    Finite element analysis of plates with curved edges (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 4 (1972), S. 49-65 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The application of the high precision triangular plate bending element to problems with curved boundaries is considered. Appropriate edge conditions for nodal points on these boundaries are derived. The error inherent in representing the shape of a curved boundary by a series of straight segments is found to be the limiting factor on accuracy, while the effect of approximations in the actual boundary conditions is minor. To overcome the first type of error, the high precision element is modified to include one curved edge. Substantial improvements in accuracy are obtained, as demonstrated in example calculations for circular and elliptical plates.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620040108
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    The application of dual minimum theorems to the finite element solution of potential problems with special reference to seepage (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 4 (1972), S. 85-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: By formulating the potential boundary value problems in terms of physical (in contrast to purely mathematical) variables, the existence of dual energy principles may be clearly distinguished. In direct analogy with elasticity, two possible energy methods present themselves giving rise to two possible finite element procedures. General upper and lower bounds on an energy quantity may be obtained, which in the case of seepage become the total seepage rate for a certain class of seepage problem. For this case of seepage the derivation of the finite element procedure and the computing of the bounds is described.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620040110
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    Viscoelastic stress analysis (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 4 (1972), S. 357-366 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper formulates the viscoelastic problem so as to allow the use of higher-order differential equation solution techniques. Viscoelastic models describing the functional relationships of stress and strain for the material are used. However, the procedure outline is valid for more general relationships. The advantages of using Runge-Kutta integration formulae are indicated and an example demonstrates the excellent results obtainable. The computational efficiency of the method is emphasized and error prediction is discussed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620040306
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  • 154
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    Tetrahedral polynomial finite elements for the Helmholtz equation (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 4 (1972), S. 405-413 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: It is shown that the Helmholtz equation in three dimension leads to finite element approximations on tetrahedral elements that closely resemble the corresponding two-dimensional treatment on triangle. For each polynomial order, there exist two numeric universal matrices independent to tetrahedron size and shape; the element matrices are always given as linear combinations of row and column permutations of these. Numeric matrices are given up to third-order, and the permutation schemes are shown in detail. Experimental computer programs using these elements have shown fast matrix assembly times; convergence rates are essentially similar to those obtained with the corresponding triangular elements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620040309
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    A conforming finite element with internal equilibrium for two-dimensional problemsCrown Copyright, reproduced by permission of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office. This is the first publication of this article, but since the author is a British Civil Servant his work is covered by Crown Copyright. (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 4 (1972), S. 367-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A method is presented for the derivation of displacement fields which satisfy compatibility of normal slopes at inter-element boundaries and the condition of internal equilibrium. The displacement field is obtained by integrating the governing partial differential equation over the element, using the initial value approach. The method is applied to calculate the stiffness matrix of a triangular bending element with nine degrees of freedom. Comparison with published solutions based on various element models shows a high degree of accuracy and convergence of the method. The advantage of internal equilibrium is illustrated by an example involving slab-column interaction. The solution correlates satisfactorily with existing experimental results.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620040307
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    Solution of eigenvalue problems by sturm sequence methodThis paper presents the results of one phase of research carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under Contract No. NAS 7-100, sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 4 (1972), S. 379-404 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A generalized eigenvalue algorithm is presented herein along with the complete listing of the associated computer program, which may be conveniently utilized for the efficient solution of certain broad classes of eigenvalue problems. Extensive applications of the procedure are envisaged in the analysis of many important engineering problems, such as stability and natural frequency analysis of practical discrete structural systems, idealized by the finite element technique. The procedure based on the Sturm sequence method is accurate and fast, possessing several significant advantages over other known methods of such analysis. Numerical results are also presented for two representative structural engineering problems.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620040308
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  • 157
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    Finite displacement plate flexure by the use of matrix incremental approach (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 4 (1972), S. 415-432 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A finite element incremental stiffness formulation for determining finite displacement flexure behaviour of thin elastic plates is presented. The solution of the finite displacement problems is based on a piecewise linear incremental approach. The procedural aspects of the incremental approach, the control of incremental sizes and the accuracy of the incremental approximation are investigated. The details concerning how to obtain in-plane stresses and how to treat edge conditions are discussed. Results include rectangular plates under lateral pressure with various edge conditions and aspect ratios. The laterally loaded plate with edges movable in the plane of the plate is also treated.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620040310
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    On the principle of repeatability and its application in analysis of turbine and pump impellers (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 4 (1972), S. 445-448 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620040312
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    Effect of shear deformation on the elastica with axial strain (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 4 (1972), S. 433-444 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The problem of the elastica is generalized to include the effect if shear as well as axial strain. This leads to a non-linear two-point boundary-value problem composed of five first-order differential equations. At first the problem is linearized to study the way in which the bucking loads are modified by the combination of effects. For a simple column, the eigenvalues are found to be zeros of a third-order polynomial, and these are evaluated by a straightforward Newton-Raphson technique using a digital computer. The postbucking behaviour is then studied by using the computer and a ‘shooting’ method to solve the non-linear problem. For the special case of the prismatic column, graphs plotted by the computer are displayed to show the variation of load with both lateral and axial deflection for various combinations of axial compressibility and shear deformability. For one particular case, the deflected center line at various load levels is shown.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620040311
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    Applied mathematics of science and engineering, Charles Dixon, Wiley, London, 1971. No. of pages: 504. Price: £8·00 (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 4 (1972), S. 451-452 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620040314
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    Discussion of papers By O. C. Zienkiewicz, R. L. Taylor and J. M. TooO. C. Zienkiewicz, R. L. Taylor and J. M. Too, ‘Reduced integration technique in general analysis of plates and shells’, Int. J. num. Meth. Engng, 3, 275-290 (1971). and S. F. Pawsey and R. W. CloughS. F. Pawsey and R. W. Clough, ‘Improved numerical integration of thick shell finite elements’, Int. J. num. Meth. Engng, 3, 575-586 (1971). (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 4 (1972), S. 449-451 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620040313
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    Masthead (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 4 (1972) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620040401
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    Optimum design of hypertatic structures (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 4 (1972), S. 561-578 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The task of optimum design of structures is one that involves non-linear Programming. This is particularly the case when deflection as well as stress limitation are imposed as design criteria. In this paper a Fundamental approach is presented for the minimum weight design of statically indeterminate elastic structure subject to non-linear deflection and stress constrains.The matrix force method is adopted to formulate the problem. The constraints thus derived prove to have separable variables and therefore can be linearized in a piecewise manner. The computation aspects concerning the restricted entry in to the simplex tableau are briefly discussed and illustrative examples are given to verify the validity of the proposed method.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620040410
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    A numerical method for coupled differential equations (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 4 (1972), S. 587-596 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper describes a numerical method for solving first-order coupled matrix differential equations. Recursive equations are used to find ‘reflection’, ‘transmission’ and ‘source’ coefficients; these coefficients are then used to construct the vector solution to the differential equations. The method can be used to solve linear and non-linear differential equations with specified initial or two-point boundary values. Numerical results for several initial value problems are given in the paper.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620040413
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  • 165
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    On the rigid displacement condition (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 4 (1972), S. 583-586 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper shows the importance of the rigid displacement condition when the finite element method is used for structures having little rigidity. The theoretical analysis is confirmed by numerical results obtained with a curved beam.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620040412
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    Note on the ‘Alpha’-constant stiffness method for the analysis of non-linear problems (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 4 (1972), S. 579-582 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A procedure for the acceleration of convergence in non-linear analysis using the modified Newton-Raphson problem is described. The process has been found useful in plasticity and large deformation studies and its application elsewhere can be envisaged.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620040411
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    Effective quadrature rules for quadratic solid isopatametric finite elements (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 4 (1972), S. 597-599 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620040414
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    Applied numerical methods, B. Carnahan, H. A. Lither and J. O. Wilkes, Wiley, New York, 1969. No. of Pages: 604. Price: £6·60 (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 4 (1972), S. 599-600 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620040415
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    Simulation modeling, Forest Paul Wyman, Wiley (Series in Management and Administration), London, 1970. No. of pages: 264. Price: £3·75 (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 4 (1972), S. 600-600 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620040416
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    Sparse matrices and their applications, Edited by Donald J. Rose and Ralph A. Willoughby, Plenum Press, New York, 1972. No. of pages: 215. Price: £17·50 (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 4 (1972), S. 600-600 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620040417
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    Masthead (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 5 (1972) 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620050101
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    The vibration of engine crankshafts - a fast numerical solution (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 5 (1972), S. 17-24 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper describes a very fast numerical method for solving the full dynamical equations governing the motion of the crankshaft and, as an example, the method is used to calculate the effect of clearance tolerance on the performance of a typical bearing. It was found that the minimum film thickness is not greatly affected by the clearance tolerance, suggesting that a fair degree of variation of clearance can be allowed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620050103
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  • 173
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    A finite element analogue of the modified Rayleigh-Ritz method for vibration problems (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 5 (1972), S. 163-169 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In this paper finite element method for natural vibration problems, based on a modified Rayleigh-Ritz method is presented. Numerical results of a few simple examples indicate that the method is promising.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620050203
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    Application of a pseudo-viscous method to the calculation of the steady supersonic flow past a waisted body (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 5 (1972), S. 151-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A finite difference method for solving mixed initial and boundary value problems governed by hyperbolic partial differential equations is described. The method has been developed specifically to calculate the flow field associated with any arbitrary two-dimensional or axi-symmetric body placed in a uniform supersonic stream. In order to preserve accuracy in the neighborhood of the body surface, the equations governing the motion are formulated so that 1Streamlines form one system of co-ordinate curves.2Two of the equations of motion correspond to characteristic relations.The boundary condition at the body is applied by omitting the equation associated with the characteristic curve reaching the body surface from inside. The method presented is a pseudo-viscous method and flow fields which include shock waves can be treated with ease. The method has been used to calculate the flow past a particular axi-symmetric waisted body. The shape of this body is such that a secondary internal shock wave is generated by coalescence of Mach lines behind the bow shock wave. The results obtained are compared with theoretical and experimental results obtained by other workers. The investigation has been carried out as part of a programme of work needed to validate the pseudo-viscous method used.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620050202
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    Masthead (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 4 (1972) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620040201
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    On a direct-iterative eigensolution technique (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 4 (1972), S. 155-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Two variations of an iterative scheme are presented for the solution to algebraic eigensystems. These algorithms are used in conjunction with the method of reduced generalized co-ordinates so that n number of frequencies and mode shapes are obtained simultaneously. The bases of the scheme are the well-known results of Stodola-Vianello and Gram-Schmidt. Advantages of the present schemes are realized both in computational effort and in computer storage. Examples are presented to illustrate the convergence characteristics.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620040202
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    A note on data checking for large framework analysis (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 4 (1972), S. 175-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Sources of data errors in the analysis of large frameworks are listed. Outputs of various forms for error detection are discussed; emphasis is given to the advantages of graphical output. For further error detection, a few procedures that can be included in computer programs are listed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620040204
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    Vibration of circular and annular plates using finite elements (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 4 (1972), S. 181-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The finite element method is applied to the free transverse vibration of circular and annular plates of varying thickness. An annular element is derived which incorporates the number of diametral modes in the deflection function. This results in an element having only four degrees of freedom, these being the deflection and slopes at the inner and outer radii of the element at an anti-node of the particular vibration mode. Thickness variation in the radial direction is readily introduced, and stiffness and inertia matrices are presented for elements with linear and parabolic variations in thickness.The method is checked with several numerical examples. Calculations of free vibration of circular and annular plates of constant, linear and parabolic thickness variation are compared with available exact solutions.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620040205
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    Dynamic response analysis of geometrically non-liner structures subjected to high impactThis paper presents the results of one phase of research carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under Contract No. NAS7-100, sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. A grant from the National Research Council supported this work. (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 4 (1972), S. 163-174 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An efficient digital computer method is presented for the determination of propagation of elastic stresses and deformations in certain geometrically non-linear structures subjected to high impact loading. The finite element matrix displacement approach utilizing curved quadrilateral shell elements in conjunction with a nodewise predictor-corrector method employing Runge-Kutta extrapolation techniques has been adopted for the present solution.The related computer program written in FORTRAN V for the UNIVAC 1108 computer has proved to be effective for the solution of a range of practical problems including rectangular and cylindrical panels. Numerical results are presented for a relevant structure, the cell container and the negative electrode of an impact-resistant battery subjected to high impact, simulating its free landing on a planetary surface.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620040203
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    Anisotropic tapered elements using displacment models (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 4 (1972), S. 475-489 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Two FORTRAN IV subroutines that generate the stiffness, mass and geometric matrices for plate bending and plane stress elements using displacement models are described. The elements can be of either rectangular or triangular shape with anisotropic properties together with a linear variation in thickness. Although such a formulation is straightforward theoretically, emphasis has been placed on the programming technique where the amount of algebra involved in the matrix manipulations is avoided. Exact integration is automatically performed since a closed-form solution con be obtained.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620040403
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    A survey of optimal structural design under dynamic constraints (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 4 (1972), S. 491-499 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Recent published research on structural optimization subject to dynamic constraints is reviewed, and suggestions for further work are offered. Both methods for handling constraints on natural frequencies and methods for treating the more difficult constraints on quantities directly related to the dynamic response are discussed. Computational aspects are emphasized throughout.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620040404
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    A finite element approach to optimal design of plastic structures in plane stress (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 4 (1972), S. 455-473 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Plane stress structures of any shape and boundary conditions are simulated by finite element models with homogeneous stress and strain fields in each element. Besides the given live loads, dead loads (such as self-weight) depending on the unknown thickness distribution are allowed for. Possible practical requirements on geometry (minimum thickness, areas of equal thickness, areas of thickness variation in a prescribed way) are taken into account. Yield surfaces of the materials are piecewise linearized. On this basis the minimum weight design problem is formulated in terms of a linear program. This program is dualized and the pair of dual programming problems is discussed. The mechanical interpretation leads to the generalization of some known limit design theory results.Some numerical examples are given at the end.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620040402
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    Finite element analysis of the linearized BGK Boltzmann equation (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 4 (1972), S. 501-507 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The weighted residual and finite element methods are combined to yield a numerical solution scheme for the linerized BGK Boltzmann equation which describes the dynamic behaviour of gases in all flow régimes ranging from the free molecular to the continuum régime.The potential of the proposed method is illustrated by application to the problem of cylindrical Couette flow. Numerical results are compared with alternate numerical solutions and experimental data.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620040405
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    A finite element model for shells based on the discrete Kirchhoff hypothesis (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 5 (1972), S. 1-16 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A ring type finite element model based on the discrete Kirchhoff hypothesis is developed and its feasibility for use in shell analysis is illustrated by determining the linear axisymmetric deformation behaviour of a conical shell loaded by lateral pressure. The displacement field is represented by a linear function of the meridional co-ordinate. The effects of coupling between bending and extension are included and in this respect the analysis is an extension of earlier work by other investigators using this same model, where bending deformations only were considered. The results of the investigation indicate that the proposed model is capable of accurately described coupled bending and extension effects with a relatively small number of elements. In addition to the numerical results obtained several distinct advantages and disadvantages of this element are brought out. In particular, the element stiffness coefficients can be easily derived because of the simplicity of the assumed vector field. However, it appears that the price paid for such a simple vector field approximation is an undue amount of machine storage, even for a relatively small number of elements. Several suggestions are made for minimizing some of these difficulties.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620050102
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    The optimum design of fluid distribution networks with particular reference to low pressure gas distribution networks (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 5 (1972), S. 253-270 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper is concerned with the development of a computational algorithm to find the optimal solution to the fluid network distribution design problem. The problem is formulated as a non-linear mathematical optimization problem and is solved using a sequential unconstrained minimization technique. Illustrative examples are included and the design solutions obtained compared with the solutions obtained using a parametric method.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620050211
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    Convergence of consistently derived Timoshenko beam finite elements (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 5 (1972), S. 243-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The accuracy and convergence properties of two new Timoshenko beam finite elements are compared to those now widely used. Both of the new elements are consistently derived from a variational principle written in terms of the transverse beam deflection and normal rotation. The deflection is expanded as a cubic and the rotation as a quadratic in the axial co-ordinate of the beam, giving rise to a seven degrees of freedom element. The first element, called TIM7, includes all the degrees of freedom while the second, called TIM4, reduces this number to four through a constraint introduced by Egle. Both elements display monotonic covergence for beam natural frequencies as a function of the number of degrees of freedom and both will give the analyst some measure of confidence in response calculations for beams excited at high frequencies.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620050210
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  • 187
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    On the finite deflection of thin viscoelastic beams (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 5 (1972), S. 271-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A direct numerical method is presented for the solution of a class of non-linear integro-differential equations which arise in the finite deflection of thin viscoelastic beams. The method is not iterative and thus avoids the convergence problems often associated with iterative methods. The analysis and results are given for the deflection of a uniformly loaded cantilever.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620050212
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    Two hybrid elements for analysis of thick, thin and sandwich plates (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 5 (1972), S. 277-288 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Two general quadrilateral elements for plate bending are developed. Each has 12 degrees of freedom and accounts for transverse shear deformation effects. Each is built from four triangular elements whose properties are derived by the assumed-stress hybrid approach. Matrices needed to generate the stiffness properties of the triangular elements are explicitly stated so as to facilitate their use. Numerical test cases, in which shear deformation effects range from negligible to very important, are used to illustrate the behaviour of the elements. It is concluded that the simpler of the two quadrilaterals is one of the best plate elements currently available.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620050213
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  • 189
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    An improved finite difference method for plate vibration (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 5 (1972), S. 289-296 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An improved finite difference method is presented. This is exemplified by computing the natural frequency of vibrating plates. A new formulation of the problem showing computational advantages is derived. A procedure for efficient implementation of the improved method is given. Numerical examples are calculated showing results comparable to other methods but employing far fewer unknowns.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620050214
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    On the density of finite element matrices (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 5 (1972), S. 297-300 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Explicit formulae for the density of a class of finite element matrices are presented. The formulae are functions of the characteristics of the mesh and the element (piecewise polynomial) employed. Results are given for two-dimensional triangular and quadrilateral elements and three-dimensional tetrahedral and cuboid elements. These results are useful in the management of storage in finite element computer programmes.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620050215
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    Non-dimensional surge tank analysis (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 4 (1972), S. 23-37 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A computer program for surge tank analysis, which gives a complete history of the water level in the tank and the fluid velocity in the pressure conduit from the time of initiation of value closure, is described and presented. The governing equations are solved by third-order Runge-Kutta procedure and losses in head in the pressure conduit and surge tank constriction. A major aspect in the paper is the non-dimensional from of the governing parameters, facilitating the use of the program in preliminary design situations.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620040106
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    A numerical method for the thermodynamic properties of monatomic ionized gases (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 4 (1972), S. 39-47 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A numerical method for the direct computation of the particle densities, mass density, enthalpy and specific heat at constant pressure of a monatomic ionized gas in thermodynamic equilibrium is presented. This method permits calculation of the thermodynamic properties without iteration or numerical differentiation of any of the formulae.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620040107
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    The numerical calculation of turbulent boundary layer development (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 4 (1972), S. 109-122 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A mathematical model of the two-dimensional, incompressible turbulent boundary layer in arbitrary pressure gradient described and solved in earlier work1 is solved by an implicit finite difference method. Comparisons of skin friction coefficient and momentum thickness values for the two methods for four test cases of different character indicate that the present method is a useful alternative to the method of characteristics which was used in previous work.One feature of the present method is that allowance is made for the logarithmic character of the velocity profile when constructing one of the finite difference expressions.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620040112
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    Finite element analysis of perturbed compressible flow (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 4 (1972), S. 123-132 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The finite element representation of the linearized equations governing the steady compressible flow of an isentropic perfect gas is considered. The fully non-linear system of equations is linearized on the basis of small perturbation theory. The finite element matrix equations for an arbitrary polygonal element are generated by the method of weighted residuals: Galerkin's criterion is used. As an example, a triangular element in two-dimensional flow is treated in detail and numerical result for a sample problem are given.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620040113
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    On the stability of explicit methods for the numerical integration of the equations of motion in finite element methods (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 4 (1972), S. 95-107 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper deals with the stability of the numerical solutions of a dynamic finite element analysis. The solutions are obtained through a stepwise integration of the equations of motion. Upper bounds on the steplength of the integration are obtained from a stability analysis of using a simple finite difference approximation for the equations of motion, and are shown to depend strongly on the particular element is use and on how the mass of the element is distributed at its nodes.As an example, the two-dimensional wave propagation in a semi-infinite plate subjected to a suddenly applied moment along its edge is studies. Through the example, we show that the bound on the steplength, obtained from the simple analysis, can provide a useful guide on choosing the steplength in other higher order integration methods. In particular, we show that, for stability considerations, the upper bound on the steplength should also hold for a fourth order explicit method. In order to achieve an acceptable accuracy of the solution, we show that the steplength should be approximately one half of the bound for the higher order explicit method as well as a higher order implicit method.Solution of the example has been compared with that of the Timoshenko theory.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620040111
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    Stochastic plastic analysis of a shell (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 4 (1972), S. 345-355 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A method is proposed for the inclusion of stochastic parameters, using a Monte Carlo simulation technique, in the lower bound plastic analysis of a structural continuum by non-linear mathematical programming. The particular example chosen is a circular, cylindrical concrete silo subject to loading by its contents.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620040305
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    Mathematical programming methods for the inelastic analysis of reinforced concrete frames allowing for limited rotation capacity (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 4 (1972), S. 307-329 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The inelastic flexural behaviour of reinforced concrete beams is described, as usual, by a trilinear (or, in general, multilinear) moment-rotation relationship. The analysis of beams and frames subject to given external actions is formulated as a ‘linear complementary problem’ and, in two dual ways, as a ‘quadratic programming problem’. These problems are solved by means of classical and recent algorithms in use in operations research. By the procedures pointed out it is also possible to calculate the distribution of plastic deformations along the beams. Two methods are proposed for the evaluation of the safety factor against local failure due to limited rotation capacity: the solution technique of the direct one essentially consists of an application of the simplex method for linear programming. Finally, a procedure is established for determining, allowing for the irreversibility of plastic rotations, the structural response to non-proportional loading histories which consist of individually proportional stages. Illustrative examples are given.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620040302
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    Integral equation method for soulution of boundary value problems of structural mechanics, Part I. Ordinary differential equations (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 4 (1972), S. 509-522 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper presents a method of numerical solution of boundary value problems governed by a set of ordinary differential equations. The highest derivative is chosen as the unknown function. Governing equations are transformed into a set of integral equations. The kernels of integral equations turn out to be influence functions for deflection and/or bending moments of a corresponding beam, and can, therefore, be computed using well-known methods of structural analysis. Finally, the unknown function (highest derivative) is approximated in a defined manner and the solution is obtained through numerical integration.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620040406
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    Convergence and accuracy of three finite difference schemes for a two-dimensional conduction and convection problem (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 4 (1972), S. 541-550 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The convergence and accuracy characteristics of two commonly used finite difference schemes, namely the central and the upwind difference, are compared with a scheme recently proposed by Spalding. For a simple two-dimensional problem with conduction and convection, it is shown that the scheme proposed by Spalding is preferable choice both from the point of view of accuracy and that of the convergence. The extension of the conclusion to a general case must await further substantiation.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620040408
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    Integral equation method for solution of boundary value problems of structural mechanics, Part II. Elliptic partial diffeerential equations (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 4 (1972), S. 523-539 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The method presented in Part I of this paper1 is extended to problems governed by a system of partial differential equations. The basic clarity and simplicity of the method is preserved.The domain of integration is covered by a net of orthogonal (not necessarily equidistant) straight lines. Choosing again highest derivatives with respect to each of the co-ordinates as unknowns, it is possible to reduce the problem to a system of integral equations along the lines of the adopted net.The subsequent procedure is basically the same as in Part I. The results prove to be of remarkable accuracy even for very coarse nets.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620040407
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