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  • 2000-2004
  • 1980-1984  (11)
  • 1982  (11)
  • Children
  • English fiction., lcsh
  • English poetry., lcsh
  • apoptosis
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mesangial alterations in steroid-responsive minimal change nephrotic syndrome (1982)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 397 (1982), S. 193-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Minimal change nephrotic syndrome ; Children ; Morphometry ; Mesangial hypercellularity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Renal biopsies from 25 children with steroid-sensitive minimal change nephrotic syndrome were evaluated retrospectively to determine whether there is any relation between the morphological changes and the frequency of relapses. Biopsy material was examined by light-, immunofluorescence-, and electron microscopy, and by morphometric methods. The patients were divided in a group of 15 children with frequent relapses (FR) and another group of 10 children with an absence of, or only infrequent, relapses (NR/IR). Semiquantitative evaluation of biopsy specimens disclosed no significant differences between groups, but morphometric measurements performed on toluidine stained semithin sections showed a significant increase of mesangial nuclei in FR compared with NR/IR (P〈0.01). Furthermore, the mean area of mesangial nuclei was decreased and the relative frequency of smaller nuclear profiles was higher in patients with FR compared to NR/IR (p〈0.01). These findings suggest mesangial cell activation in FR which may be related to a longer course of the disease prior to renal biopsy (mean 4.0 years in FR vs. 1.4 years in NR/IR). In our opinion, morphometric assessment of discrete mesangial alterations is a promising method for exploring clinicopathological correlations in minimal change nephrotic syndrome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00442389
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuropsychological studies in children with elevated tooth-lead concentrations (1982)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 51 (1982), S. 169-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Tooth lead-concentrations ; Children ; Intelligence ; Perceptual-motor-integration ; Gross body-coordination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In contrast to blood-lead (PbB), tooth-lead concentrations (PbT) provide retrospective information about longterm, cumulative childhood lead-intake. From a basic sample of 458 school age children from the city of Duisburg (FRG), whose lead-concentrations in shed incisor teeth had been measured ( $$\bar x$$ =4.6 ppm; range: 1.4–12.7 ppm), two extreme-groups of 26 children each (mean age: 8.5 years) with low ( $$\bar x$$ =2.4 ppm) and elevated ( $$\bar x$$ =9.2 ppm) PbT were selected. After pair-matching both groups for age, sex, and father's occupational status, these children were tested under double-blind precautions for intellectual performance (German WISC), for perceptual-motor integration (Göttinger Formreproduktionstest = GFT, Diagnostikum für Cerebralschädigung = DCS, Benton-Test), and for gross motor-coordination (Körper-Koordinationstest für Kinder = KTK). Significant (P〈0.05) inferiority of the lead-children was found in two tests of perceptual-motor integration (increased GFT-errors; lower success rate for DCS). In addition a near significant (P〈0.1) reduction of 5–7 IQ-points was determined in these children. Although this pilot study has provided some evidence for an association between childhood lead-exposure and neuropsychological impairment, this association cannot yet be considered proven, because the observed effects were discrete and statistically confirmed only in part, and because there was a slight prevalence of perinatal risk factors in the lead group. Further research to clarify the issue is necessary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00378161
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development and plasticity of visual and vestibular generated eye movements (1982)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 47 (1982), S. 69-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Children ; Maturation and development ; Visual pursuit ; Vestibulo-ocular reflex ; Functional coupling ; Extra-retinal, retinal, and vestibular signals ; Ocular stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Slow phase horizontal eye movements, elicited by the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and/or visual pursuit (VP) systems, were examined in normal children (NC, 9–16 years) and normal adults (NA). At slow frequencies of sinusoidal stimulation of the body (with the head immobilized) and/or of a visual target, the NC (9–12 years) exhibited (a) immature VP and VOR Suppression and mature VOR Enhancement in the presence of a visual image; (b) immature VOR Suppression and mature VOR Enhancement in the presence of a non-visual image of the spatial location of a visual target, an extra-retinal signal; (c) inability to augment or depress the VOR gain with a non-visual image; (d) mature VOR Suppression ratios; and (e) adjustment of VOR gain to a high value. The maturational process was featured by (a) parallel development of VP and VOR Suppression; (b) modification of the VOR gain; and (c) an increasing ability to augment or depress the VOR with a non-visual image. The observations in NC (9–12) are ascribed to a maturational lag of an extra-retinal process interacting with mature retinal and vestibular processes and, hence, suggest that both the retinal and vestibular contributions to ocular stability predate the development of an extra-retinal signal. When mature, the central nervous system utilizes both extra-retinal and retinal signals to mediate adaptive regulation of VOR gain and to preserve stable visual pursuit motion and VOR Suppression. Our findings also suggest that during tasks requiring visual-vestibular interaction, VP and VOR mechanisms appear to be indirectly rather than directly coupled.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235888
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abnormalities of breathing control and airway maintenance in infants and children as a cause of cor pulmonale (1982)
    Springer
    Pediatric cardiology 3 (1982), S. 249-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1971
    Keywords: Respiratory control abnormality ; Airway maintenance ; Cor pulmonale ; Children
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Respiratory control abnormalities may result in cor pulmonale. This report summarizes the clinical history, diagnostic evaluation, treatment, and outcome of 16 infants and children presenting with cor pulmonale subsequently found to be due to sleep-dependent hypoventilation. Eleven patients had cardiomegaly and electrocardiographic evidence of right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) while 5 had only severe RVH or biventricular hypertrophy (BVH). Four infants with central hypoventilation syndrome (CHS)—absence of sleep-related ventilatory drive—had severe sleep-dependent asphyxia and resultant acute respiratory failure; all were ultimately treated with phrenic nerve pacing. One patient with alveolar hypoventilation syndrome (AHS)—a partial deficit in ventilatory drive during sleep—presented with severe pulmonary hypertension and ultimately died despite symptomatic relief with respiratory stimulants. Eleven patients presented with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and sleep-dependent asphyxia secondary to intermittent complete or to prolonged partial upper airway obstruction. Localized airway obstruction due to an anomalous innominate artery in 1 child was corrected by arteriopexy. Four children underwent adenotonsillectomy (T&A) with disappearance of symptoms in 1, clinical improvement in 2 and no clinical improvement in another. This unimproved patient and the 6 remaining OSA children improved dramatically after tracheostomy to bypass the sleep-dependent airway obstruction; none presently has evidence of cor pulmonale. In summary, early recognition and appropriate treatment of respiratory control disorders will improve sleep ventilation, eliminate asphyxia during sleep, and prevent the development of cor pulmonale.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02240461
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hemodynamic effects of dobutamine in children with cardiovascular failure (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 139 (1982), S. 4-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Children ; Dobutamine ; Hemodynamics ; Improvement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of dobutamine, a synthetic catecholamine, was studied in 12 patients aged one day to 14 years with low cardiac output syndromes. After initial stabilization of the patients dobutamine was administered by continuous infusion in a dosage of 7.5 or 10 μg/kg/min. Heart rate, cardiac output (using thermodilution technique and/or pulse contour method), mean systemic and mean pulmonary artery pressures were determined before and after the dobutamine infusion. Systemic and pulmonary vascular resistances, cardiac index and stroke volume index were calculated. Cardiac output and cardiac index increased significantly in every patient, whereas the heart rate changed only slightly, suggesting that the increase in cardiac output was mainly due to the alteration of stroke volume. The mean arterial pressure increased significantly, but the mean pulmonary artery pressure was unchanged. No side effects were observed during the dobutamine infusion. Dobutamine is a potent inotropic drug with limited chronotropic and peripheral vascular effects in newborns, infants and chidren.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00442069
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hair selenium content during infancy and childhood (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 139 (1982), S. 295-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Selenium ; Hair ; Infants ; Children
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Hair selenium content was estimated by instrumental neutron activation analysis in Libyan infants and children. There was no significant difference between the values of young infants from North and South Libya. The hair selenium content rapidly decreased from 1071 ±75 ng/g in newborns to 301±99 ng/g in 7–10 months old infants in North Libya and to 557±204 ng/g in South Libya. In North Libya the values of preschool children were 409±117 ng/g and those of school children 464±124 ng/g.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00442184
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiological study of two disseminated malignant non-Hodgkin lymphomas affecting only the bones in children (1982)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 9 (1982), S. 83-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Lymphosarcoma ; Bone ; Children
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Malignant non-Hodgkin lymphomas are a neoplastic proliferation of lymphoid cells whose clinical manifestations are extremely variable. All tissues can be affected. There may be localization in lymphoid organs (Waldeyer's ring, spleen, digestive tract), other localizations (lungs, pleura, liver, bone marrow, central nervous system), and unusual localizations. Although bone marrow is often affected, bone involvement is very rare in the early stages of the disease. This report concerns the radiological study of two disseminated malignant non-Hodgkin lymphomas affecting only the bone in children.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00360488
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The correction of primary knee deformities in children (1982)
    Springer
    International orthopaedics 5 (1982), S. 241-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5195
    Keywords: Primary knee deformities ; Children
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Cent-quatorze malades porteurs d'une déformation primitive du genou : genu varum, genu valgum ou association des deux, ont été traités par plâtres de correction successifs pendant six à neuf mois. L'âge des enfants était compris entre 2 et 13 ans, avec un maximum de fréquence à la troisième année. 47 de ces malades étaient atteints de rachitisme, soit en évolution, soit guéri, mais les autres ne présentaient aucune lésion de type rachitique. Le traitement par plâtres de correction a permis d'obtenir des résultats satisfaisants, notamment sur le plan esthétique, chez 69 malades; mais le résultat est d'autant moins bon que l'enfant est plus âgé. Dix-huit sujets n'ont pu être corrigés orthopédiquement et ont nécessité une ostéotomie fémorale ou tibiale; dans 4 cas plusieurs ostéotomies ont été nécessaires. On peut conclure que les plâtres successifs constituent dans la plupart des cas une méthode sûre et efficace de correction des déformations primitives du genou.
    Notes: Summary One hundred and fourteen patients with primary knee deformity either genu varum, genu valgum or combined varus and valgus deformities were treated with serial plaster cylinder casts and wedging for six to nine months. The children were aged between 2 to 13 years, the peak incidence being in the third year of life. Forty-seven of the patients were found to have active or healed rickets but the remaining patients showed no evidence of rachitic lesions. Results showed that serial corrective plaster casts gave a satisfactory cosmetic appearance in 69 patients but the older the patient the less favourable was the result. Eighteen patients were resistant and underwent surgical osteotomy of the femur or tibia; in four instances multiple osteotomy was required. The conclusion was that plaster of Paris casts were a safe and effective method of correcting primary deformity of the knee in the majority of the patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00271077
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differences between swimming and running as stimuli for exercise-induced asthma (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 48 (1982), S. 387-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Respiratory heat loss ; Exercise-induced asthma ; Children
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thirteen children each exercised for 6 min by running on a treadmill and by tethered swimming, breathing air at room temperature and either 8% or 99% relative humidity continuously. Ventilation, gas exchange and heart rate were closely matched in all four tests in each child, with a mean oxygen consumption of 32.3±1.7ml·min−1·kg−1. The post-exercise fall in FEV1 expressed as a percentage of the baseline FEV1 (δFEV1) was significantly greater after running compared with swimming breathing either humid or dry air. The δFEV1 was also related to respiratory heat loss (RHL) calculated from measurements of inspired and expired gas temperature and humidity. At a standardised RHL, the difference between running and swimming was highly significant [δFEV1 (%) ± SE=39±5 and 28±4 respectively, p〈0.01]. These experiments suggest that the type of exercise influences the severity of exercise-induced asthma even under conditions of the same metabolic stress and respiratory heat loss.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00430229
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The consistency of cardiac output measurement (CO2 rebreathe) in children during exercise (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 49 (1982), S. 37-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Cardiac output ; Children ; Intra-individual variability ; Arterial $$P_{aCO_2 } $$
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Exercise cardiac output ( $$\dot Q$$ ) was determined using the CO2 rebreathing equilibrium method. Five repeat tests in 12 boys and two tests over a 4 month interval in 47 boys were performed. Regression equations to predict $$\dot Q$$ from $$\dot V$$ O2 were in close agreement with dye dilution studies in boys (Eriksson and Koch 1973). Group mean data were reproducible from trial to trial. The day-to-day variability of $$\dot Q$$ , with a coefficient of variation of 7–8%, was found to be higher than when the CO2 method has been applied in adults. This greater variability was related, in part, to a larger biological variation in children as depicted in such relatively simple measures as submaximal exercise heart rate. The larger variability was also related to inaccuracies in the methods of $$P_{aCO_2 } $$ estimation in children. Estimation from end-tidal CO2 concentrations requires further research to establish a correction for the alveolar-arterial gradient during exercise in children. Estimation of the child's dead space in exercise, with subsequent derivation of $$P_{aCO_2 } $$ from the Bohr equation, also could be improved. Nevertheless, $$\dot Q$$ estimates in children exercising above $$\dot V$$ O2 1.01·min−1 showed a day-to-day and long term stability acceptable for use in research and clinical studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00428961
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ventilatory threshold during treadmill exercise in kindergarten children (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 50 (1982), S. 79-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Exercise ; Anaerobic threshold ; Children ; Physical working capacity ; Anaerobic metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The cardiorespiratory response to graded treadmill exercise was studied in a group of kindergarten children, aged 5 to 6 years. From the non-linear change of pulmonary ventilation with increasing exercise intensity a “ventilatory threshold” was determined which averaged 28.1±4.9 (SD) ml O2·min−1·kg−1. A significant correlation was established between this ventilatory threshold (ml O2·min−1) and the physical working capacity at a heart rate of 170 beats per min (PWC170, ml O2·min−1):r=0.93,p〈0.001. These data show that a ventilatory threshold can be obtained in young children which is an objective index of cardiorespiratory performance capacity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00952246
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