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  • 1980-1984  (7,220)
  • 1984  (7,220)
  • Chemistry  (6,748)
  • Inorganic Chemistry  (637)
  • Engineering  (362)
  • seaweed  (110)
  • Nuclear reactions
Material
Years
  • 1980-1984  (7,220)
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 116-117 (1984), S. 563-567 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: seaweed ; Carrageenan ; Eucheuma ; structure ; enzymatic analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
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    Hydrobiologia 116-117 (1984), S. 557-562 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: seaweed ; water-soluble alginate ; hot-water extract ; brown algae ; Kjellmaniella crassifolia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Water-soluble alginate was obtained from an aqueous extract of Kjellmaniella crassifolia by precipitation with HCl, calcium acetate or 20% ethanol in the presence of 0.05 M MgCl2 Of these precipitation procedures, MgCl2-ethanol gave the purest alginate preparation as judged by electrophoresis. The thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatography of its acid hydrolysate, and the IR spectra analysis of the whole alginate, suggested that the water-soluble alginate is similar to ordinary water-insoluble and alkali-soluble alginate such as Kelco alginate. However, the alginate obtained in the present work contained a great excess of mannuronic acid residues, giving an M:G ratio of about 13. Its molecular weight distribution was rather broad as with Kelco alginate, but the molecular weight of its major component was estimated to be 500 000 amu, whereas that Kelco alginate measured on the same column under the same condition was 1 700 000 amu. This suggests that water-soluble alginate was far smaller in average molecular size than Kelco alginate.
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  • 3
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    Hydrobiologia 116-117 (1984), S. 135-140 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: seaweed ; green algae ; antibiotics ; cytotoxic compounds ; bioactive terpenoids ; Udoteaceae ; Chlorophyta
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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  • 4
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    Hydrobiologia 116-117 (1984), S. 152-154 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: seaweed ; economic marine algae ; herbal medicine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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  • 5
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    Hydrobiologia 116-117 (1984), S. 155-158 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: seaweed ; GABA-mimetic molecules ; red algae ; Porphyra ; metamorphic inducers ; molluscan larvae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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  • 6
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    Hydrobiologia 116-117 (1984), S. 158-168 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: seaweed ; algae ; antibiotics ; biologically active compounds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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  • 7
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    Hydrobiologia 116-117 (1984), S. 168-171 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: seaweed ; bromophenol ; diterpenes ; Dictyota indica ; dictyotriol A ; dictyotriol B
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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  • 8
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    Hydrobiologia 116-117 (1984), S. 171-174 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: seaweed ; agar ; agarose ; Gracilaria ; porphyran
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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  • 9
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    Hydrobiologia 116-117 (1984), S. 175-178 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: seaweed ; carrageenans ; life history phase ; antibodies ; 13C-NMR spectroscopy ; IR spectroscopy ; Gigartinaceae ; Phyllophoraceae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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  • 10
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    Hydrobiologia 116-117 (1984), S. 178-186 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: seaweed ; carrageenan ; optical rotation ; viscosity ; light scattering ; chain conformation ; polysaccharide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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  • 11
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: seaweed ; Acetabularia ; Boergesenia ; Laurencia ; Cystoseira ; radioecology ; tritium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: seaweed ; cell wall thickenings ; Chondria ; Husseyella ; algal taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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  • 13
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    Hydrobiologia 116-117 (1984), S. 229-232 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: seaweed ; Ulva ; taxonomy ; phenology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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  • 14
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    Hydrobiologia 116-117 (1984), S. 233-236 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: seaweed ; Gloeophycus koreanum ; Rhodophyta ; life history ; culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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  • 15
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    Hydrobiologia 116-117 (1984), S. 243-245 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: seaweed ; Eucheuma ; coral reefs ; commercial cultivation ; China
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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  • 16
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    Hydrobiologia 116-117 (1984), S. 246-2481 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: seaweed ; Gracilaria ; phycocolloid ; agar
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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  • 17
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    Hydrobiologia 116-117 (1984), S. 237-242 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: seaweed ; Eucheuma ; agar ; distribution ; annual production
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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  • 18
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    Hydrobiologia 116-117 (1984), S. 249-251 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: seaweed ; Gracilaria ; G. debilis ; G. domingensis ; seamoss ; cultivation ; Caribbean
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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  • 19
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    Hydrobiologia 116-117 (1984), S. 252-254 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: seaweed ; marine algae ; cultivation ; seasonal growth ; depth ; planting density ; Gracilaria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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  • 20
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    Hydrobiologia 116-117 (1984), S. 255-258 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: seaweed ; Porphyra ; cultivation ; monospores ; light intensity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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  • 21
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    Hydrobiologia 116-117 (1984), S. 29-40 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: seaweed ; algae ; pharmaceutical activity ; chemical constituents ; drugs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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  • 22
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: seaweed ; microtubule assembly ; antitumor activity ; tubulin ; colchicine ; vinblastine ; Phaeophyceae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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  • 23
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    Hydrobiologia 116-117 (1984), S. 288-291 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: seaweed ; Hypneaa ; Chondruss ; cultivation ; nitrogen assimilation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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  • 24
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: seaweed ; antifouling ; crustose coralline algae ; grazing activity ; Rhodophyceae ; scanning electron microscopy ; sea urchin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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  • 25
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    Hydrobiologia 116-117 (1984), S. 363-370 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: seaweed ; nitrogen uptake ; phosphorus uptake ; macroalgae ; seasonal fluxes ; Baltic Sea ; functional groups
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The budget calculations showed that: - the high uptake rates by the annual macroalgae, which have comparatively low biomasses, make this group play the greatest role in the total macroalgal uptake. The much higher biomasses of the perennials do not compensate for their lower uptake rates. - in spite of the decreased nutrient concentrations in late spring and summer, the total macroalgal uptakes are still high mostly thanks to the then increased biomasses of the annuals. - for all macroalgae, NH 4 + contributes about half of the N taken up during late spring to midautumn. - the perennials have their main period of nutrient uptake during late autumn and winter.
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  • 26
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    Hydrobiologia 116-117 (1984), S. 521-5241 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: seaweed ; Dictyotales ; Phaeophyceae ; antifungal ; antibacterial
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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  • 27
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    Hydrobiologia 116-117 (1984), S. 19-28 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: seaweed ; alginate ; carrageenan ; gel ; ion binding ; osmometry ; viscometry ; light scattering ; multinuclear NMR ; macromolecular conformations ; polysaccharides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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  • 28
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: seaweed ; cultivation ; Chondruss crispus ; carrageenan ; environmental simulation ; growth prediction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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  • 29
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    Hydrobiologia 116-117 (1984), S. 295-298 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: seaweed ; aeration ; carbon dioxide ; Gracilaria ; mariculture ; nutrients ; water exchange
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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  • 30
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    Hydrobiologia 116-117 (1984), S. 299-302 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: seaweed ; farm ; film ; deserts ; economics ; boundary layer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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  • 31
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    Hydrobiologia 116-117 (1984), S. 308-313 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: seaweed ; Porphyra ; cell-separation ; propagation ; aquaculture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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  • 32
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    Hydrobiologia 116-117 (1984), S. 314-316 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: seaweed ; somatic cells ; clone ; callus ; totipotency ; dedifferentiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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  • 33
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    Hydrobiologia 116-117 (1984), S. 317-318 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: seaweed ; parthenogenesis ; apogamy ; haploid clones ; Laminaria ; Undariaa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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  • 34
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    Hydrobiologia 116-117 (1984), S. 319-320 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: seaweed ; enzyme ; protoplasts ; decomposition ; preparation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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  • 35
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    Hydrobiologia 116-117 (1984), S. 321-324 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: seaweed ; Macrocystis pyrifera ; giant kelp ; yield ; productivity ; growth ; biomass
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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  • 36
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    Hydrobiologia 116-117 (1984), S. 351-354 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: seaweed ; phycoculture ; marketing ; agar ; alginate ; carrageenan
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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  • 37
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: seaweed ; optimal harvesting ; ecological interactions ; global potential ; FAO training initiatives
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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  • 38
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    Hydrobiologia 116-117 (1984), S. 371-373 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: seaweed ; Icelandic vegetation ; algal associations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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  • 39
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: seaweed ; rocky-intertidal ; disturbance ; functional-form groups
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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  • 40
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    Hydrobiologia 116-117 (1984), S. 383-388 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: seaweed ; benthic algae ; diesel oil ; growth ; recolonization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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  • 41
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    Hydrobiologia 116-117 (1984), S. 429-432 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: seaweed ; Ecklonia ; macroalga ; production ; age ; mortality ; population
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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  • 42
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: seaweed ; Ulva pertusa ; spores ; phototaxis ; inhibition ; aqueous extract ; mineral oil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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  • 43
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: seaweed ; substrate ; colonization ; marine algae ; Cryptonemia hibernica
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The study showed not only that Cryptonemia hibernica colonized all thirteen substrate classes, but also that in each substrate class its colonization success rate was higher than that of any of the other macroalgae present. C. hibernica not only grew on all classes of rock, boulders and shells and as an algal epiphyte but also was found on live barnacles, scallops and razor shells. C. hibernica appears to be capable of growing in a variety of environmental conditions as illustrated by the five sites studied and can exploit a very wide range of substrates. These would appear to be important factors in the successful spread of C. hibernica. Its distribution in Cork Harbour and Kinsale Harbour is possibly curtailed only by depth and/or the occurrence of sand or mud substrate.
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  • 44
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    Hydrobiologia 116-117 (1984), S. 447-448 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: seaweed ; crustose coralline algae ; age ; reproduction ; attachment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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  • 45
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: seaweed ; 4-iodophenoxyacetic acid ; gametophytes ; young sporophytes ; summer sporelings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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  • 46
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: seaweed ; ion compartmentation ; osmotic adaptation ; Porphyra umbilicalis ; protoplasmic volume ; vacuolar volume ; X-ray microanalysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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  • 47
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: seaweed ; intertidal ; resistance ; osmotic ; carbohydrates ; colorimetry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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  • 48
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: seaweed ; Chondrus ; carrageenan ; incorporation ; biosynthesis ; sulfur ; amino acids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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  • 49
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    Hydrobiologia 116-117 (1984), S. 510-512 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: data analysis ; element ; oceanic residence time ; seaweed
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  • 50
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    Hydrobiologia 116-117 (1984), S. 572-575 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: seaweed ; porphyran ; agarases ; 13C-NMR
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  • 51
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: seaweed ; Eucheuma gelatinae ; carrageenan ; viscosity ; electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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  • 52
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    Hydrobiologia 116-117 (1984), S. 576-579 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: seaweed ; agarases ; Pseudomonas atlantica
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  • 53
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    Hydrobiologia 116-117 (1984), S. 580-583 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: seaweed ; Ulva ; urease ; inhibition ; hydroxyurea ; hydroxamic acid
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  • 54
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    Hydrobiologia 116-117 (1984), S. 584-587 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: seaweed ; algae ; Porphyra ; glutamate dehydrogenase ; NADP-dependent ; enzyme properties
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  • 55
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    Hydrobiologia 116-117 (1984), S. 603-605 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: seaweed ; chloroplast DNA ; kelp ; restriction endonucleases ; gel electrophoresis ; autoradiography
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  • 56
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    Hydrobiologia 116-117 (1984), S. 493-497 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: seaweed ; Macrocystis ; kelp ; iron ; reduction ; experimental ; photoreduction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 1. Juvenile kelp mediated the reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II), by separation from the chelate external to the blade. 2. Kelp reduction of Fe(III) was enhanced by light. 3. Photoreduction contributed to reduction rates. 4. The rate of Fe(III) reduction per unit surface area for juvenile Macrocystis pyrifera was 9.14 \sx 10\t-11 moles Fe(III) cm\t-2 d\t-1.
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  • 57
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    Hydrobiologia 116-117 (1984), S. 498-504 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: seaweed ; brown algae ; phenol content ; heavy metal accumulation ; salinity ; age classes
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  • 58
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    Hydrobiologia 116-117 (1984), S. 505-509 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: seaweed ; kelp ; Macrocystis integrifolia ; inorganic elements
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  • 59
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    Hydrobiologia 116-117 (1984), S. 525-528 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: seaweed ; marine algae ; antimicrobial activity ; Macrocystis pyrifera ; marine pharmacology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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  • 60
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    Hydrobiologia 116-117 (1984), S. 517-520 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: seaweed ; marine algae ; antimicrobial activities
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  • 61
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    Hydrobiologia 116-117 (1984), S. 529-533 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: seaweed ; marine algae ; experimental antitumor pharmacology ; P-388 lymphocytic leukemia ; Ehrlich ascites ; Macrocystis pyrifera ; Argentina
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  • 62
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 49-58 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Fundamentals of Material Selection in the Conditions of Erosive WearProblems of proper selection of materials for parts subjected to wear by a stream of abrasive particles are discussed. Considering the main laws governing such kind of wear, the author concludes that target material selection in the case of erosion, like in any other case of abrasive wear, will depend on the ratio of abrasive grain hardness to material hardness. Special attention should be given to hard components in the abrasive. It has been established that a 10-15% content of quartz particles in the abrasive is enough to cause an abrupt fall in the wear resistance of chilled steels, white iron and hard surfacing alloys, thus making their use questionable. Finegrained WC-Co-type sintered carbides have shown the highest wear resistance in such conditions.The conclusions drawn in this paper are borne cut by a considerable body of experimental data.
    Notes: In dem Artikel werden Probleme der zweckmäßigen Werkstoffauswahl bei der Strahlverschleißbekämpfung behandelt, die allgemeinen Gesetzmäßigkeiten deser Verschleißart dargelegt und gezeigt, daß analog zu anderen Abrasivverschleißarten auch in diesem Fall die Materialauswahl durch einen Vergleich von Werkstoff- und Schleifkornhärte erleichtert wird. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit gilt dem Einfluß von Zusätzen harter Körner in Strahlmittel. Schon ein etwa 10-15prozentiger Anteil von Quarzteilchen ruft eine jähe Senkung des relativen Verschleißwiderstandes bei gehärteten Stählen, Hartguß und Auftragsschweißwiderstandes bei gehärteten Stählen, Hartguß und Auftragsschweißungen hervor und macht deren Anwendung problematisch. Den größten Verschleißwiderstand unter solchen Bedingungen haben feinkörniger WC-Co-Sinterhartmetalle.Die Schlußfolgerungen werden durch umfangreiche Versuchsergebnisse belegt.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 63
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 95-96 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: A Study on Alloy Element Loss in MIG Welding of Stainless SteelsAAS-analysis of welding fume yields information about alloy element loss in MIG welding of stainless steels. Welding under shielding gases short of oxygen, the heavy metal loss can be correlated with the element's partial pressures in the welding wire alloy.
    Notes: Durch Analyse des Schweißrauches läßt sich Aufschluß über das Abbrandverhalten von Drahtelektroden gewinnen. Beim MAG-Schweißen unter sauerstoffarmen Schutzgasen wird der Schwermetall-Abbrand durch die Partialdrucke der Legierungskomponenten kontrolliert.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 64
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 102-107 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 65
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 66
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 109-117 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Influence of Specimen Size on the Fracture Mechanical Behaviour of Sintered SteelFracture mechanics testing was carried out with small and big specimens using high-temperature sintered Fe-2%Cu-2.5%Ni-alloys in the densities of ρ = 7.1 and 7.4 g/cm3. These steels are often used in the manufacturing of PM-parts. Due to the different dismensions the crack propagation is for the bigger sizes faster than for the smaller sizes. Also the conditional fracture toughness of the big specimens is superiour to the toughness of the small specimens. But under consideration of a plain strain state for the big specimens and of a plain stress state for the small specimens valid fracture toughness values being independent from the specimen size can be calculated applying linear-elastic fracture mechanics.These results were obtained for both densities investigated. The increase of the density delivers principally better fracture mechanical data. Hereby the relation of strength data with the microstructure is also discussed.
    Notes: Am Beispiel von in der Formteilherstellung häufig verwendeten hochtemperaturgesinterten Fe-2%Cu-2,5%Ni-Legierungen in den Dichten ρ = 7,1 und 7,4 g/cm3 wurden bruchmechanische Untersuchungen an Klein- und Großproben vorgenommen. Aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Abmessungen ergibt sich bei Großproben eine größere Rißfortschrittsgeschwindigkeit und eine größere vorläufige Bruchzähigkeit als bei den Kleinproben. Durch Zuordnung des ebenen Dehnungszustandes zu den Großproben und des ebenen Spannungszustandes zu den Kleinproben läßt sich jedoch unter Berücksichtigung der jeweiligen plastischen Zonen ein von der Probenform unabhängiger gültiger Bruchzähigkeitswert auf der Basis der linear-elastischen Bruchmechanik berechnen.Diese Ergebnisse gelten für beide Dichtevarianten, wobei die Erhöhung der Dichte die bruchmechanischen Kennwerte grundsätzlich verbessert. Hierbei wird auch auf den Zusammenhang zwischen den Festigkeitskennwerten und dem Gefüge eingegangen.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 67
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. A35 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 68
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 140-148 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Remote Testing of Polymers with Photothermal Analysis of Thermal WavesAfter an introduction to thermal waves a comparison is made of photoacoustic detection methods (gas cell, piezoceramic) and photothermal detection arrangements (front surface and rear surface methods). Previously only photoacoustic methods have been applied to polymer related problems, while the advantages of photothermal measurements - remote and nondestructive evaluation - have been demonstrated on metals. The experimental part of this paper presents first steps to apply photothermal analysis of thermal waves to some problems of polymers: thickness measurement of thin layers; on-surface and subsurface defects; delamination of bonding and coating curing reactions; glass fibre content; orientation of fibres and molecules; aging processes.The present results indicate that the method can be used for nondestructive remote quality assurance of thin layers and foils. Further development is required to apply the method to nondestructive testing of thick walled components.
    Notes: Nach einer Einführung in die Grundlagen von Wärmewellen werden die photoakustischen Meßmethoden (Gaszelle, Piezokeramik) den photothermischen Meßmöglichkeiten (Frontseiten- und Rückseitenmethode) erläuternd gegenübergestellt. Kunststoffbezogene Problemstellungen wurden bisher nahezu ausschließlich mit photoakustischen Methoden bearbeitet. Die Vorteile der photothermischen Messungen - berührungslose und zerstörungsfreie Prüfung - konnten bisher an Metallen verdeutlicht werden. Der experimentelle Teil dieser Arbeit zeigt in ersten Schritten auf, daß auch bei Kunststoffen folgende Problemstellungen mit der Methode der photothermischen Wärmewellenanalyse bearbeitet werden können.Dickenmessung dünner Schichten; äußere und innere Fehlstellen; Haftungsfehler bei Verklebungen oder Beschichtungen; Vernetzungsreaktionen; Glasfaseranteil; Glasfaser- und Molekülorientierungen; Alterungsvorgänge.Die bisherigen Ergebnisse lassen sich in die zerstörungsfreie Qualitätssicherung dünner Schichten und Folien übertragen. Die zerstörungsfreie Prüfung von dickwandigen Bauteilen bedarf einer methodischen Weiterentwicklung.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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  • 69
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. A101 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 70
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 411-415 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Steel of the type 13%Cr6%Ni modified with 0.56%Mo allows to achieve favourable mechanical metallurgy properties, including decrease of the susceptibility to temper embrittlement. Application of two-stage tempering (first at 625°C, second at 575-600 °C) leads to counterbalanced mechanical properties and to the improvement of corrosion resistance in dependence on the modification of structure.The physical metallurgy characteristics were completed by potentiodynamic measurements. It was found that this evaluation indicates very sensitively the formation of austenite in the structure after applying tempering at intercritical temperatures. A model of austenite stabilization using the single and two-stage tempering method is presented.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 71
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 436-436 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 72
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. A2 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 73
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 74
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Finsh and Solid Rolling of Automotive Running Gear and Drive ComponentsAutomotive parts, in particular running gear and drive components, are subject to high dynamic loads in regards to strength.When designing new parts, this is taken into account through dimensioning, material selection and constructional conception. Normally the mentioned measures will not be applied to old designs if, for example, they are subjected later to higher loads because of an increase in engine power output. Only the selection of different materials as well as strength increasing measures and methods remain for these parts.An important method is solid rolling. The examples of completed designs demonstrate the possible strength improvements, influence of rolling force on component strength as well as desired and undesired accompaniments.A comparison is made between solid rolling and other strength improving measures, such as inductive hardening.The results show the solid rolling method to be cost-favorable, very effective and safe in handling. The method has its limits in geometry (open rotation-symmetrical cross sections are required), size (component too large, cross section too filigreed) and application range (temperature) of components.
    Notes: Kraftfahrzeug-Bauteile, insbesondere Fahrwerkskomponenten und Antriebsbauelemente sind festigkeitsmäßig dynamisch hoch beansprucht.Bei der Neukonstruktion wird dem durch Dimension, Werkstoffauswahl und Konstruktionsprinzip Rechnung getragen. An bestehenden Konstruktionen, wenn diese beispielsweise durch spätere Leistungssteigerung höher belastet werden, scheiden in der Regel die genannten Maßnahmen aus. Hier bleiben dann neben anderer Werkstoffwahl nur festigkeitssteigernde Maßnahmen und Verfahren.Als ein bedeutendes Verfahren steht hier das Festwalzen. Die Beispiele ausgeführter Konstruktionen zeigen die möglichen Festigkeitssteigerungen, den Einfluß der Walzkräfte auf die Bauteilfestigkeit sowie erwünschte und unerwünschte Begleiterscheinungen.Es wird verglichen zwischen Festwalzen und anderen Maßnahmen zur Festigkeitssteigerung wie Induktivhärten.Das Ergebnis zeigt das Festwalzverfahren als kostengünstig, sehr wirksam und sicher in der Handhabung. Grenzen liegen verfahrensbedingt in der Geometrie (offene rotationssymmetrische Querschnitte notwendig), Dimension (Bauteil zu groß, Querschnitt zu filigran) und im Einsatzbereich (Temperatur) der Bauteile.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 75
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 65-72 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Activation Enthalpies and Mechanisms of Subcritical Crack Propagation in Aluminium Oxide CeramicsProgressive crack propagation has been investigated in the temperature range between 25 and 1000°C for two commercial varieties of Al2O3 ceramic, using double torsion specimens. 3 different temperature regions have been found, each of them with a different dependence of the effective activation enthalpie on the stress intensity factor. While at low temperatures the crack propagation rate is mainly controlled by the reaction of the grain boundary phase with the water vapor partial pressure of the environment, the softening of this phase is the predominent factor at high temperatures.
    Notes: An zwei Qualitäten kommerzieller Al2O3-Keramik unterschiedlichen SiO2-Gehalts wurde an Doppeltorsionsproben die langsame Rißausbreitung im Temperatubereich von 25 bis 1000°C untersucht. Es wurden drei Bereiche gefunden, die eine unterschiedliche Abhängigkeit der effektiven Aktivierungsenthalpien vom Spannungsintensitätsfaktor aufweisen. Bei niedrigen Temperaturen steuert im wesentlichen die Reaktion des Wasserdampfes der umgebenden Luft mit der Korngrenzenphase die Rißausbreitung, bei hohen Temperaturen spielt die Erweichung dieser Korngrenzenphase die entscheidende Rolle.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 76
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Ductility of Metallic Diffusion Type Coatings on Nickel-Based Alloys and its DeterminationA test method is being presented by which ductility properties of metallic diffusion coatings, which are used against hot corrosion e.g. on turbine blades, can be measured. The ductility measurements are based upon the acoustic emission during crack initiation within coated specimens under mechanical load. By plotting the acoustic emission and the stress vs. elongation simultaneously, the crack initiation stress vs. elongation simultaneously, the crack initiation stress of the coating and the 0,2%-proof stress of the substrate can be determined by the same experiment. Correlations between these two stress levels led to ductility characteristics and within the scope of these investigations to dependences on temperature, coating thickness, strain rate and thermal history of the coating/substrate system. The investigations were carried out on three different diffusion coatings combined with two nickel-base superalloys. Ductility measurements up to 850°C led to ductile-brittle-transition-temperatures as well as to temperature dependant stress and strain levels, below which the coatings on certain substrate behave in a ductile manner.
    Notes: Diffusionsschutzschichten gegen Heißgaskorrosion sind vielfach bei niedrigen Temperaturen spröde und werden erst bei höheren Temperaturen zäh. Für das Betriebsverhalten beschichteter Turbinenschaufeln z. B. ist die Kenntnis der Übergangstemperatur vom spröden zum zähen Verhalten von Bedeutung, wobei die Eigenschaften der Schutzschicht vom jeweiligen Trägerwerkstoff beeinflußt werden. - Es wird nun ein Prüfverfahren vorgestellt, mit dem an beschichteten Proben unter mechanischer Beanspruchung das Auftreten erster Anrisse in der Schutzschicht durch Schallemissionsmessungen nachgewiesen und gleichzeitig durch die Aufnahme eines Spannung-Dehnung-Schaubildes die relative Lage der Anrißspannung der Schutzschicht und der 0,2 Grenze des Trägerwerkstoffes erfaßt werden. Aus den durchgeführten Versuchen ließen sich Angaben über die Zähigkeit in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur und anderen Einflußgrößen wie Schichtdicke, Dehngeschwindigkeit und thermischer Vorgeschichte ableiten. Auf diese Weise konnten für drei verschiedene Schutzschichten, dei mit zwei hochwarmfesten Nickellegierungen kombiniert waren, Spröde Zäh-Übergangstemperaturen bestimmt werden. Weiterhin ergaben sich bis zur höchsten Prüftemperatur von 850°C Spannungs- und Dehnungsgrenzen, unterhalb derer die untersuchten Schutzschichten auf den Trägerwerkstoffen rißfrei bleiben.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 108-108 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 78
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 79
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 117-123 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Ergebnisse von Untersuchungen mit einem instrumentierten Kerbschlaghammer an einer Molybdänbasislegierung, Nickelbasislegierungen und Incoloy 800Mit einem instrumentierten Pendelschlagwerk wurden Experimente an der Molybdänbasislegierung TZM, den Nickelbasislegierungen Nimocast 713 LC, Inconel 625, Nimonic 86, Hastelloy S und der Eisenbasislegierung Incoloy 800 durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse werden unter den Gesichtspunkten der verbrauchten Schlagenergien und der dynamischen Bruchzähigkeit diskutiert.In allen Fällen war die Übereinstimmung zwischen den Energien, die am Schleppzeiger des Hammers abgelesen wurden und den Energien, die durch die Integration des Kraft-Weg Diagrammes ermittelt wurden, ausgezeichnet.Ein Verfahren für die Bestimmung der dynamischen Bruchzähigkeit für eine Last vs. Lastpunktverschiebungskurve mit hohen Oszillationen unter Verwendung einer gemittelten Kurve wurde vorgeschlagen. Verwendet man dieses Verfahren, findet man keinen deutlichen Einfluß der Experimente mit Hammer und Stössel (5,0 m/s und 0,1 m/s) auf die dynamische Bruchzähigkeit. Halbiert man die Fallhöhe, d.h. halbiert man die totale Schlagenergie, so werden die dynamischen Bruchzähigkeitswerte für die Legierungstypen erniedrigt.Niedrige absorbierte Schlagenergien sind oft verknüpft mit hohen Bruchzähigkeitswerten. Hier fehlt die Reserve in der Verformung und/oder im stabilen Rißwachstum.
    Notes: Experiments were performed on the molybdenum base alloy TZM, the nickel base alloys Nimocast 713 LC, Inconel 625, Nimonic 86, Hastelloy S, and the iron base alloy Incoloy 800 with an instrumented impact machine. The results are discussed in terms of absorbed impact energies and dynamic fracture toughness.In all cases the agreement between the energy determined by the dial reading and the energy determined by the integration of the load vs. load point displacement diagram was excellent.A procedure for the determination of the dynamic fracture toughness for load vs. load point displacement diagrams exhibiting high oscillations using an averaged curve is proposed. Using this procedure a pronounced influence of the experiments with tup and chisel (5.0 m/s and 0.1 m/s respectively) on the dynamic fracture toughness is not detectable. Using half the drop height, i.e. halving the total energy, lowers the dynamic fracture toughness values for these types of alloys. Low absorbed impact energies are often combined with high fracture toughness values. In these cases there is no or only a small reserve in deformation and/or stable crack growth.
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  • 80
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 149-153 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Welding in Tank and Plant ConstructionSince a relatively limited number of plastics types are used, the welding tasks involved in chemical apparatus engineering can be accomplished with just a few welding techniques are well-known and welding can be carried out efficiently, reliably and economically by this means. In this respect, however, a number of important principles have to be observed. The DVS guidelines provide vital information on questions relating to calculation, design, personnel, equipment, material and testing. Extrusion welding enjoys prime importance as regards quality and economic aspects.
    Notes: Die Schweißaufgaben im chemischen Apparatebau werden an einer relative geringen Anzahl von Kunststofftypen mit wenigen Schweißverfahren bewältigt. Diese Verfahren sind in ihren Grenzen erfaßt und erlauben sichere und wirtschaftliche Schweißungen. Es sind hierbei allerdings eine Reihe wichtiger Grundsätze zu beachten. Die entsprechenden DVS-Richtlinien geben zu Berechnungs-, Gestaltungs, Personal-, Geräte-, Material- und Prüffragen wesentliche Hinweise. Vorrangige Bedeutung im Hinblick auf Qualität und Wirtschaftlichkeit im Behälter- und Apparatebau hat das Extrusionsschweißen.
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  • 81
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 153-157 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Long Term Testing of Welded Joints from HDPE under Complex LoadingTest methods to determine the long term weld-factors for heated tool butt weldings, extrusion weldings and hot gas weldings are presented. Instead of tensile bars welded pipers are tested under internal pressure to abbreviate the test times. The results of long term creep tests with welded and unwelded PE-HD pipes under the influence of several fluids are also discussed.
    Notes: Für die im Apparate- und Behälterbau am meisten angewandten Schweißverfahren: Heizelementstumpf-, Extrusions- und Warmgas-schweißen werden Prüfmethoden zur Bestimmung der Langzeit-schweißfaktoren vorgestellt. Als Prüfkörper werden hierbei geschweißte Rohre verwendet, um einen mehrdimensionalen Span-nungszustand zu realisieren und die Prüfzeiten zu verkürzen. Desweiteren wird der Einfluß einiger Medien auf geschweißte Rohre im Vergleich mit ungeschweißten Rohren untersucht.
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  • 82
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 183-185 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Experiences in Welding Highly Pure, Gas-Sensitive MaterialsHighly pure steels and non-ferrous react during processing, particularly welding, with atmospheric gases and change their service properties. Hence special measures are often necessary in forming and inert gas welding. Taking the specific example of a high pure chromium steel (superferritic), welding properties, processing data and selection of suitable inert gas torches are described. The possibility of applying this information to other materials such as titanium is discussed.
    Notes: Hochreine Stähle und Nichteisenmetalle reagieren bei der Verarbeitung, insbesondere beim Schweißen mit den Gasen der Luft und verändern ihre Gebrauchseigenschaften. Daher sind vielfach Sondermaßnahmen beim Formieren und Schutzgasschweißen notwendig. Speziell am Beispiel eines Chromstahles hoher Reinheit (Superferrit) werden die Schweißeigenschaften, Daten der Verarbeitung sowie die Auswahl geeigneter Schutzgasbrenner beschrieben. Vergleichende Hinweise und Anwendungsbeispiele für andere Werkstoffe wie z. B. Titan sind möglich.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 190-190 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 84
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 199-206 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Untersuchungen zum Einfluß der Hammergeschwindigkeit und der Auslagerung auf die dynamische Bruchzähigkeit für Inconel 625Mit einem instrumentierten Pendelschlagwerk wurden Experimente an der Nickelbasislegierung Inconel 625 im Anlieferungszustand und nach Auslagerung über 3,6 Ms (1000 h) bei 923 K (650°C) unter Anwendung unterschiedlicher Fallhöhen durchgeführt. Die verbrauchte Schlagenergie kann sowohl über den Schleppzeiger, über die Integration des Kraft-Lastpunktverschiebungs-Diagrammes als auch aus der Integration des Kraft-Zeit-Diagrammes bei gleichzeitiger Kenntnis der Schlaggeschwindigkeit v0 unmittelbar vor Auftreffen des Hammers auf die Probe ermittelt werden. In allen Fällen ist die Übereinstimmung gut.Es wird gezeigt. -daß die dynamische Bruchzähigkeit abhängig ist von der Hammergeschwindigkeit v0 und damit von der totalen Energie des Hammers bei unterschiedlichen Fallhöhen.-daß die Versprödung infolge Wärmebehandlung nicht mit einer Absenkung der Bruchzähigkeit verbunden ist, obwohl eine starke Abnahme der verbrauchten Schlagenergie beobachtet wird. Definiert man eine dynamische Spannung σ aus der Geschwindigkeitsabhängigkeit der Bruchzähigkeit, so ist σ größer für das versprödete Material im Vergleich zum Anlieferungszustand. Diese Tendenz ist von Zugversuchen her bekannt.-daß die dynamische Bruchzähigkeit mit der absorbierten Schlagenergie bis zum Lastmaximum für das wärmebehandelte Material korreliert werden kann, während für den Anlieferungszustand keine Abhängigkeit gefunden wird.Die Änderung der Hammergeschwindigkeit im Verlauf des Stoßprozesses ist nur klein für diesen Werkstofftyp.
    Notes: Experiments were performed with an instrumented impact machine using different drop heights, on the nickel base alloy Inconel 625 in the as-received state and after heat treatment for about 3.6 Ms (1000 h) at 923 K (650°C).The absorbed impact energy can be obtained either by the direct dial reading, by the integration of the load versus load point displacement diagram or by the integration of the load versus time diagram, knowing the initial impact velocity v0 of the tup. In all cases the agreement was excellent.It is shown that. -the dynamic fracture toughness is dependent on the tup velocity v0 and, as a consequence, on the total energy of the hammer at the different drop heights.-defining a dynamic stress σ from the velocity dependence of the fracture toughness, the stress σ is higher for the embrittled material - a tendency verified by tensile tests.-the dynamic fracture toughness can be correlated with the absorbed impact energy up to the load maximum for the heat treated material while the as-received material exhibits no such dependence.The change in the tup velocity during the impact process is only small for this type of material.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 86
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 87
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 246-250 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Schallemissionsprüfung von Wärmetauschern des Reaktors SaphirDie Schallemissionsanalyse ist eine zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethode, die zur Untersuchung und Überwachung von Strukturen und druckführenden Komponenten verwendet wird. Das Ziel der Messung am 5 MW Forschungsreaktor Saphir war die Untersuchung und Auswertung der hohen Betriebsgeräusche in den Wärmetauschern des Kühl-systems.Die Ergebnisse zeigten, daß von den 9 Wärmetauschern, die in 3 Gruppen angeordnet sind, 5 Wärmetauscher ein hohes Betriebsgeräusch aufweisen. Die Ursache ist auf die Schwingung der Rohrbündel in Wärmetauschern beim Durchfluß des Pool-Wassers zurückzuführen. Die axiale Ortung bestätigte, daß die Geräusche von mehreren Quellen verursacht werden.
    Notes: The acoustic emission technique is a non-destructive testing method used for inspection and surveillance of structures and pressurized components. In particular, the purpose of the measurement on the 5 MW research reactor SAPHIR was to investigate and evaluate the abnormally high noise levels during operation of the heat exchangers of the cooling system.The results showed that 5 heat exchangers out of the total of 9 (assembled in 3 groups) were responsible for the higher noise level. This is probably due to some abnormal vibration of the tube bundles therein, caused by the through-flow of the pool water. Indeed, attempts of localizing the source showed that there must be several, distributed sources.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 88
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 250-256 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Ultrasonic Testing of Metal DepositsThe adhesive strength of Ni-deposits has been determined with the well known ring shear test and by a test procedure which usually is used to analyze the resistance of a material against cavitation. In this case the specimen is fastened at the top of an ultrasonic vibrator and oscillates in an aqueous fluid. The deposit/substrate interface is strengthened by high accelerative forces and by mechanical attack of imploding bubbles in the fluid. It was shown that this method is able to distinguish the effect of different pretreatment of the substrate surface. The test result is given as the duration of attack without any exfoliation of the deposit.
    Notes: Die Prüfung der Haftfestigkeit metallischer Überzüge auf z. B. metallischen Grundwerkstoffen spielt eine wichtige Rolle im Hinblick auf die Funktionalität der beschichteten Bauteile im Betrieb. Ihre Bestimmung ist nicht in einfacher Weise möglich, wenn es gilt, Zahlenwerte zu erhalten. Nachfolgend werden zwei Verfahren vorgestellt, von denen das eine, nämlich der ring-shear-test, schon seit längerer Zeit bekannt ist, das andere jedoch, die Untersuchung mit dem Ultraschallkoppelschwinger, neu entwickelt wurde. Die Heranziehung des ring-shear-testes dient in der vorliegenden Arbeit dem Vergleich, wobei hier bekanntlich Zahlenwerte mit der Dimension einer Spannung erhalten werden, während der Versuch mit dem Ultraschallkoppelschwinger Beständigkeitszeiten als Entscheidungskriterium liefert.Gleichzeitig ließ sich mit beiden Methoden der Einfluß der Vorbehandlung auf die Haftfestigkeit eindeutig nachweisen.
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  • 89
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 257-264 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Statistical Size Effect at Random LoadingResults of random tests are used to show the applicability of the theory of statistical size effect. The specimens of all the tests of this report were made from the aluminium alloy 7075 T 7351. The specimens were machined from plates (2000 × 1000 × 40 mm). The main dimension of the specimens corresponds with the rolling direction. A standard random load sequence of Gaussian type which is recommended for general application in fatigue testing was used as loading program [19].In a first test series notched round bar specimens (Fig. 2) were used to investigate the sequence effect. 30 specimens were tested with the standard load sequence, 30 specimens with the variable load sequence. All the other test conditions were kept constant. Fig. 4 shows that the scatter of lifetime (cycles to fracture) is not influenced by the load sequence.In a second test series flat specimens with central holes were tested (Fig. 5) in order to show the existence of a pure statistical size effect at random loading. If the specimen has 1, 3 or 7 holes and all the other test conditions are kept constant, only the size of the area where cracks can initiate is enlarged. The results which are plotted in Fig. 6 show a very clear size effect. The results of the 1-hole specimen (A = A0) were used to determine the constants of Eq. (5). By inserting A = 3 A0 resp. A = 7 A0 the other test results can be predicted. In a third test series round bar specimens with a circumferential notch with different notch root radius (ρ = 1 mm resp. ρ = 6 mm) were tested (Fig. 2, Table 1). The specimens were loaded in such a way that the maximum stress in the notch root and its time-dependence was equal. In this very common case, the stress integral must be determined by applying Eq. (3). Additional tests to determine k and numerical calculations were necessary to evaluate Eq. (3). The final results are plotted in Fig. 8. By inserting A = A0 resp. A = 5 A0 into Eq. (7) the results can be described.The basis of the applicability of the theory of statistical size effect is the weakest link concept. The examination of the fracture surface and X-ray analyses showed that there was a higher content of iron (Fig. 11) in those regions where the fatigue cracks initiated. It is supposed that inclusions of intermetallic Al-Fe particles are those weakest links in the structure, where fatigue cracks nucleate.
    Notes: Es wurde der Einfluß der Bauteilgröße auf das Anrißlebensdauerverhalten bei zufallsartiger Schwingbeanspruchung an gekerbten Prüfkörpern aus der Al-Legierung AlZnMgCu 1,5 (7075T7351) untersucht. Durch geeignete Prüfkörperwahl gelang eine Trennung des statistischen (Fehlstellenmodell) und des spannungsmechanischen (Stützwirkungsmodell) Effekts und damit der Nachweis des rein statistischen Einflusses der Baugröße. Darüber hinaus wurde gezeigt, daß das auf dem Fehlstellenmodell beruhende Rechenverfahren auch bei Änderung der Stützwirkung im Bauteil seine Gültigkeit bewahrt. Der Begriff der Fehlstelle konnte durch eine konkrete mikrostrukturelle Werkstoffinhomogenität ersetzt werden. Diese zufällig im Material verteilten Fehler werden als Ursache für die Lebensdauerstreuung angesehen. In diesem Zusammenhang konnte für eine auf einem stationären Gaußprozeß beruhende Lastfolge geklärt werden, daß die Lebensdauerstreuung nicht von der Lastspielreihenfolge abhängt, wenn das Beanspruchungskollektiv und der zeitliche Charakter des Lastablaufs erhalten bleiben.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. A65 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 91
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 309-314 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Oszillationen des Korrosionspotentials bei rostfreien StählenDie Korrosionspotentiale von rostfreien Stählen in chloridhaltigen Lösungen sind in Umgebungen, in denen weder Lochfraß noch Spaltkorrosion auftreten, konstant. In diesen Fall sind die Korrosionspotentiale weitgehend unabhängig von der Temperatur und der Chloridionkonzentration. Bei Stählen mit abnehmendem Korrosions widerstand oder mit zunehmender Temperatur und zunehmender Chloridionkonzentration tritt eine Situation ein, bei der das Korrosionspotential zu oszillieren beginnt - und zwar zwischen zwei Werten, die ungefähr dem Lochfraßpotential Ep und dem Repassivierungspotential Epp entsprechen. Diese Potentialoszillationen sind häufig von Lochfraß und Spaltkorrosion begleitet; andererseits gibt es Fälle, bei denen sogar nach langer Zeit kein Korrosionsanriß sichtbar ist. Die Oszillationen werden einem instabilen Passivitätsverhalten zugeschrieben.
    Notes: The corrosion potentials of stainless steels in chloride solutions for conditions significantly removed from those leading to pitting and crevice corrosion are constant and to a first approximation largely independent of temperature and chloride ion concentration. With increasing temperature and/or chloride ion concentration or with decreasing corrosion resistance there comes a situation when the corrosion potential begins to oscillate, between two and values roughly corresponding to Ep and Epp. These potential oscillations are often associated with pitting and crevice corrosion, although there are clear cases when no corrosion attack was visible even after prolonged exposure. The oscillations are attributed to unstable passivity.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 323-330 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: On the Interaction between Work-Material and Forming-Process and its Investigation by ExperimentsExperiments are described and discussed for determining material properties before metal forming as well as process parameters during the metal forming operation and workpiece properties after metal forming.Before metal forming “pure” properties of matter have to be determined which in many cases is achieved by standardized testing methods. During and after the forming operation, however, the testing methods of interest are not yet standardized to the same extent. In particular it is necessary after metal forming, to take into account the effect of geometry on the workpiece properties which results into modified conditions for testing material and workpiece properties.
    Notes: Es werden Versuche beschrieben und diskutiert, in denen Werkstoffeigenschaften vor dem Umformvorgang, Verfahrensparameter während der Umformung sowie Werkstoff- und Werkstückeigenschaften nach der Umformung erfaßt werden können.Zur Bestimmung von Werkstoffeigenschaften vor der Umformung stehen zahlreiche genormte oder sonstwie vereinheitlichte Prüfverfahren zur Verfügung. Dies ist bei Versuchen während und nach der Umformung nicht in gleichem Maße der Fall. Insbesondere muß nach der Umformung der Einfluß der Geometrie auf die Werkstückeigenschaften berücksichtigt werden, wodurch sich veränderte Bedingun-gen für Versuche zur Erfassung von Werkstoff- und Werkstückeigenschaften ergeben.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 359-362 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. A83 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 95
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 371-377 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Bruchenergiemessungen an keramischen WärmedämmschichtenDie Bruchenergie von plasmagespritzten Wärmedämmschichten aus ZrO2 · MgO, ZrO2 · Y2O3, ZrO3 · CaO · Al2O3 und Al2O3 · TiO2 auf Metallsubstraten wurde sowohl für einen Adhäsionsbruch als auch für einen Kohäsionsbruch der Deckschichten mit Hilfe gekerbter Schichtverbundbiegeproben ermittelt. Die verallgemeinerte Energiefreisetzungsrate wurde als Maß für die Bruchenergie benutzt. Sie berücksichtigt die in der Kraft-Durchbiegungskurve der Proben auftretende Nichtlinearität. Das Versagen der Proben innerhalb der Deckschicht oder in der Grenzfläche wird von der Bildung und Vereinigung von sekundären Rissen in der Deckschicht begleitet. Diese Vorgänge verursachen das nichtlineare Verformungsverhalten und eine von der Rißgeschwindigkeit abhängige Bruchmorphologie.
    Notes: The fracture energy of plasma-sprayed thermal barrier coatings of ZrO2 · MgO, ZrO2 · Y2O3, ZrO2 · CaO · Al2O3, and Al2O3 · TiO2 on metal substrates is obtained for both adhesive and cohesive failure modes of the coatings using notched layer-bonded bend test specimens. The generalized energy release rate was employed as a measure of the fracture energy. It takes account of the nonlinearity found in the load-deflection curves of the specimens. The failure of the specimens within the coating or at the interface is accompanied by the formation and linking of secondary cracks in the coating. This causes the non-linearity in the deformation behaviour and a rate-dependent failure morphology.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 402-402 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. A93 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 416-420 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Improvement of Fatigue Properties by Roll PeeningWith sophisticated calculations a better understanding of the roll peening process is possible. Calculations together with experimental determination of the fatigue properties allow for a reduced test program to determine the fatigue limit of specimens with similar geometrical shape.
    Notes: Mit Hilfe verbesserter Berechungsverfahren lassen sich vertiefte Erkenntnisse über die Vorgänge beim Festwalzen gewinnen. Darüber hinaus bietet die rechnerische Analyse der Vorgänge zusammen mit der experimentellen Ermittlung der Schwingfestigkeit die Möglichkeit einer Übertragbarkeit auf andere Werkstoffzustände und Proben - bzw. Kerbformen. Hierdurch lassen sich Einsparungen durch verminderten Versuchsaufwand erreichen.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 436-436 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 1 (1984), S. 7-13 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In the application and the development of on-line methods for particle size analysis one has to distinguish three principally different problem areas:aallocation and preparation of a representative sample,banalysis of the sample,cevaluation of the results.Methods and problems connected with these areas will be discussed in this paper. Some of the methods available for rapid response analysis of particle size distributions mark the beginning of a new era of particle size analysis. One has to recognize however that a uniform solution of the problems of on-line particle size analysis is extremely difficult if not impossible to find. The boundary conditions vary to such an extent that similar methods or combinations of methods can rarely be used in different cases. Since instrument manufacturers will in most cases not be able to adopt their instruments to different industrial applications, specialists will have to solve the problem. One has to recognize, however, that not all of the steps described in this paper have been investigated to an extent which renders possible appropriate solutions. There is still room for improvement.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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