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  • 1995-1999
  • 1985-1989  (2,047)
  • 1975-1979
  • 1985  (2,047)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (1,389)
  • Chemical Engineering  (658)
Source
Material
Years
  • 1995-1999
  • 1985-1989  (2,047)
  • 1975-1979
Year
Keywords
  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ionic control of locomotion and shape of epithelial cells: I. Role of calcium influx (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 5 (1985), S. 123-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: locomotion and shape control ; epithelial cells ; calcium ; reflection-interference contrast-microscopy ; cinematography ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The role of calcium in the induction of locomotion, control of direction of locomotion, and modulation of shape of epithelial cells derived from Xenopus laevis tadpole epidermis is investigated. Local influx of calcium is achieved by electrophoretic release of small amounts of calcium from a micropipette (tip diameter 0.1-0.5 μUm) closely apposed to the cell body or lamella. The cells are made permeable for calcium by calcium ionophore A23187, and they are kept in Ca++-free, Mg++-rich EGTA Ringer. Another method used to induce Ca++ influx is local application of A23187 while cells move in normal culture medium.Influx of Ca++ into the lamella induces a localised increase in thickness and enlargement of the lamella. Stationary cells become active and show movement in the direction of the Ca++ gradient. Fried-egg-shaped cells tend to acquire a semicircular shape and start moving. Moving cells change the direction of their locomotion, following the direction of Ca++ release. Influx of Ca++ in the cell body region induces its contraction concomitant with an increase in lamellar area.These observations suggest the presence of two different Ca++-sensitive components: an actomyosin meshwork in the cell body and an actin gel in the lamella. Influx of Ca++ induces contraction of actomyosin and solation of actin gel. Interaction of these two systems would explain modulation of shape and generation of locomotion in epithelial cells.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970050205
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-speed cinematographic analysis of the movement of Chlamydomonas (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 5 (1985), S. 251-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Chlamydomonas ; movement ; flagellar beat ; stigma ; high-speed microcinematography ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Using high-speed microcinematography (100-500 f/s) the movement of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mutant 622 E has been studied with frame-by-frame analysis. The stigma lies in the cell equator, displaced out of the flagellar plane anticlockwise by an angle of about 45°. During forward movement the cells rotate anticlockwise about their long axis with a frequency of 1.4-2 Hz (maximum 2.5 Hz). The rotation is caused by a lateral component of 3-dimensional beating of the flagella during the effective strokes. The helical swimming path is a result of an unequal flagellar beating. This is normally synchronous, but synchrony is interrupted from time to time by an additional beat of the outward directed flagellum, in our study one after about every twenty beats on average. These results are discussed and compared with the results published by other groups.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970050307
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  • 103
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 5 (1985) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970050501
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  • 104
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anouncement (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 5 (1985), S. 351-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970050407
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  • 105
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromosome movement during meiotic prophase in crane-fly spermatocytes: III. Microtubules and the effects of Colcemid, nocodazole, and vinblastine (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 5 (1985), S. 393-413 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: chromosome movement ; Colcemid ; nocodazole ; meiotic prophase ; microtubules ; vinblastine ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The effects of Colcemid, nocodazole, and vinblastine on microtubules and on the movement of chromosomes during late diakinesis were investigated in spermatocytes of the crane fly Nephrotoma suturalis. The kinds of movements observed in untreated cells - sex bivalent rotations, sex bivalent excursions, and rotations and positional changes of autosomal bivalents - also were observed in drug-treated cells. These results were obtained in living cells in which the disruption and inhibition of microtubule assembly had been confirmed with polarized light microscopy. Effects of Colcemid and nocodazole also were assessed in fixed cells using electron microscopy. The results are in agreement with a hypothesis that microtubules are not a force-generating component of the molecular machinery that brings about prophase movements.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970050504
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  • 106
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Orthokinetic and klinokinetic responses of human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 5 (1985), S. 447-461 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: chemokinesis ; orthokinesis ; klinokinesis ; polymorphonuclear leucocytes ; locomotion ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Evidence is presented to show that klinokinesis, which was previously demonstrated in bacteria and amoeba only, may also occur in metazoan cells. The chemotactic peptide formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP) elicited orthokinetic and klinokinetic responses of human blood-borne polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs) under the test conditions used. Increased speed (orthokinesis) was due to an increase in the proportion of migrating cells as well as in the speed of the locomoting subset. The klinokinetic effect was manifested by a decrease in the klinolocomotion index, the mean angle of changes in direction ≥ 90°, and the frequency of turns ≥ 90°. The klinolocomotion index was inversely related to speed. This explains the synergistic effect of klinokinesis and orthokinesis in this system. Colchicine alone had and orthokinetic effect which was exclusively due to alterations in the proportion of migrating cells and it altered the turning behaviour without exerting a klinokinetic effect. However, colchicine had marginal orthokinetic and klinokinetic effects on fMLP-stimulated cells resulting in reduced translocation. The relationship between klinokinesis and mean angle or frequency of turns has been analysed. Klinokinesis was a substantial though not the major element of the chemokinetic response to fMLP under the conditions used. No other metazoan cells have been shown to possess such a complete pattern of responses, including orthokinesis, klinokinesis, and chemotaxis, which regulate locomotion.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970050603
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  • 107
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Ca2+ insensitive actin-crosslinking protein from Dicytostelium discoideum (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 5 (1985), S. 529-543 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: actin ; regulatory protein ; cytoskeleton ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We have isolated a 30,000-dalton protein from Dictyostelium which cosedimented with and affected the low shear viscosity of actin. At low concentrations, this protein increased the low shear viscosity to greater than that of the actin control, whereas higher concentrations decreased viscosity. The viscosity decrease correlated with the formation of actin filament bundles, as seen electron microscopically. This protein resembled a previously reported actin-binding protein from Dictyostelium [Fechheimer and Taylor, 84, J Biol Chem 259:4514] in electrophoretic mobility, Stokes radius, and ability to crosslink filaments, but was shown to be different by peptide mapping, lack of immunologic crossreactivity, and lack of sensitivity to calcium.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970050608
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  • 108
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Method for quantifying F-Actin in chemotactic peptide activated neutrophils: Study of the effect of tBOC peptide (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 5 (1985), S. 545-557 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: neutrophils ; cytoskeleton ; actin polymerization ; NBDphallacidin ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The studies presented here characterize a simple, quantitative NBDphallacidin extraction assay for determining the F-actin content of fMLP-activated neutrophils. The NBDphallacidin extraction assay is based upon the specificity of NBDphallacidin binding to F-actin and the solubility of NBDphallacidin in methanol. Cells are fixed, permeabilized, and stained with NBDphallacidin; the cells are then pelleted, the bound NBDphallacidin is extracted into methanol, and the RFI (excite 465; emit 535) of the solution is determined. Binding of NBDphallacidin to neutrophils is saturable and 90% of bound NBDphallacidin is displaced by nonfluorescent phalloidin. The extraction of bound NBDphallacidin into methanol is complete and the excitation/emission characteristics of NBDphallacidin are not altered by extraction. The assay is relatively inexpensive, applicable to the study of cells in suspension or on substratum, allows kinetic studies with 5-10s time resolution, and is not affected by the shape of the cell or the distribution of the probe. We used the NBDphallacidin extraction assay to study the kinetics of fMLP-induced change in the F-actin content of neutrophils and the effect of tBOC peptide, an inhibitor of fMLP binding, on these changes. The extraction assay reveals a rapid, sequential fMLP-induced increase followed by a decrease in F-actin content. The tBOC peptide inhibits fMLP-induced actin polymerization. Addition of tBOC during fMLP-induced polymerization or at times when F-actin content is maximal enhances F-actin depolymerization. The rate of F-actin depolymerization is ≥ fourfold faster in the presence than in the absence of tBOC. The results show that (1) The NBDphallacidin extraction assay is useful for studying the kinetics of change in F-actin content of nonmuscle cells; (2) fMLP receptor occupancy is required for fMLP-dependent polymerization but not depolymerization; and (3) both the actin polymerizing and depolymerizing processes are active in the cell within 5 s after fMLP stimulation. Implications of these observations for understanding the observed increase and, then, decrease in F-actin content of fMLP-activated cells are discussed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970050609
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  • 109
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Non-actin filaments and cell contraction in Kofoidinum and other Dinoflagellates (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 5 (1985), S. 1-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: contractile non-actin filaments ; dinoflagellates ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The motility and fine structure of the marine planktonic dinoflagellate Kofoidinium and members of other related genera have been investigated. Several types of shape change were found to occur: slow morphogenetic changes (which also occurred as restitution movements in response to injury), movements associated with the ingestion of food and the evacuation of wastes, and more rapid movements concerned with the capture of prey. All these movements seemed to be brought about by the contraction of refractile tracts within the cytoplasm, which were found to contain 2.3-nm filaments, some with a complex striated appearance. This and other evidence suggests that these filaments, which have counterparts in many other protists, are not actin filaments.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970050102
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  • 110
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 5 (1985) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970050201
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  • 111
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Video microscopy of fast axonal transport in extruded axoplasm: A new model for study of molecular mechanisms (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 5 (1985), S. 81-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: fast axonal transport ; isolated axoplasm ; video microscopy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The development of AVEC-DIC microscopy and the application of this method to the study of fast axonal transport in isolated axoplasm extruded from the giant axon of the squid Loligo pealei provides a new paradigm for analyzing the intracellular transport of membranous organelles. The size of the axon, the number of transported particles, and the absence of permeability barriers like the plasma membrane in this preparation permit many experiments that are difficult or impossible to perform using other model systems. The use and features of this preparation are described in detail and a number of properties are evaluated for the first time. The process of extrusion is characterized. Particle movement is evaluated both in the interior of extruded axoplasm and along individual fibrils that extend from the periphery of perfused axoplasm. The role of divalent cations, particularly Ca2+, and the effects of elevated Ca2+ on axoplasmic organization and transport are analyzed. A series of pharmacological agents and polypeptides that alter cytoskeletal organization are used to examine the role of microfilaments and microtubules in fast transport. Finally, the effects of depleting ATP and of adding ATP analogues are discussed. The extruded axoplasm preparation is shown to be an invaluable model system for biochemical and pharmacological analyses of the molecular mechanisms of intracellular transport.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970050203
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  • 112
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The antagonistic effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine and methylxanthine on the gill cilia of mytilus edulis (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 5 (1985), S. 293-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Mytilus edulis ; 5-hydroxytryptamine ; lateral cilia ; laterofrontal cirri ; beat frequency ; methylxanthine ; filter-feeding ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The laterofrontal (LF) cirri on isolated gill filaments of Mytilus edulis, prepared in natural seawater, are active and initially beat with an average frequency of about 8 Hz (with a range of 6-14 Hz). However, the lateral (L) cilia on these filaments are arrested in a position at the end of their recovery stroke. Perfusion of the filament with artificial seawater (ASW), with or without 1% ethanol, has little or no biological effect on the activity of the LF cirri, although a transitory decrease in frequency often accompanies the perfusion process. The L cilia remain arrested during perfusion with ASW. The exposure of the gill to low levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) (10-8 〈 5HT 〈 10-7 M) has no effect on the activity of the LF cirri but stimulates the L cilia to beat. Exposure to higher concentrations of 5HT (〉 10-7 M) elevates the beat frequency of the L cilia and simultaneously inhibits the activity of the LF cirri, leading to their arrest in a position at the end of the effective stroke. This arrest of the LF cirri occurs as the L cilia attain a 5HT-induced beat frequency between 12 to 14 Hz. The influence of 5HT on the L cilia and the LF cirri can be reversibly mimicked or enhanced by the phosphodiesterase inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX). A concentration of 0.5 mM IBMX mimics low 5HT concentrations (about 10-7 M) by stimulating the L cilia to beat without affecting the beat frequency of the LF cirri. A combimation of 10-7 M 5HT and 0.5 mM IBMX in ASW mimics high (〉 10-6 M) 5HT concentrations by arresting the LF cirri and increasing the beat frequency of the L cilia. Under these conditions, the threshold of the LF cirri arrest response is again found to occur as the L cilia attain a beat frequency of 12 - 14Hz. These results suggest that the mechanisms of LF cirri arrest and L cilia activation are mediated by 5HT -induced changes in intracellular cyclic AMP levels.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970050403
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  • 113
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Char attrition during the batch fluidized bed combustion of a coal (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 812-820 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Batchwise fluidized bed combustion of a coal has been carried out to investigate the generation of elutriable carbon fines by attrition of the burning char, Differences between the purely mechanical attrition and the combustion-assisted attrition of the char have been outlined. The time required to “activate” the char surface as regards attrition explains certain features of carbon elutriation curves. Attrition rate constants determined from these curves are compared with those previously found by continuous fluidized combustion of the same coal.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310517
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  • 114
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activity coefficients for binary and multicomponent liquid mixtures from unary property model for Wilson parameters (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 821-825 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A model has been developed for prediction of Wilson parameters from single component properties. Activity coefficients and VLE data for miscible binary or multicomponent systems can be calculated from the standard form of the Wilson equation using these properties. The major advantage of this model is that experimental determinations of binary data are not required. Relevant properties for a fairly large number of chemical species have been provided. This method has been compared with UNIFAC, which is generally used for prediction of activity coefficients and has been found to give comparable results with considerably less computational effort.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310518
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  • 115
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal resistance models of packed-bed effective heat transfer parameters (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 826-834 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Simple thermal resistance models of packed-bed heat transfer can be used to derive predictive formulas for the effective axial and radial thermal conductivities and apparent wall heat transfer coefficient. In particular, the behavior of the heat transfer parameters over the entire range of Reynolds number can be explained by considering the two asymptotic cases of low Re (solid phase dominant) and high Re (fluid phase dominant).
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310519
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  • 116
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solids mixing in an expanded top fluid bed (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 835-841 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This study investigated solids mixing of a group A fine powder in a 0.15 m ID expanded top fluid bed with a ferromagnetic tracer. The superficial gas velocity was raised from 0.075 to 1.1 m/s, causing the bed to go through bubbling, slugging, and turbulent fluidization regimes. A countercurrent flow model described the data well at low gas velocities. The bed assumed a more homogeneous appearance at higher gas velocities; a one-dimensional axial dispersion model was used to correlate the data. Axial dispersion coefficients increased with gas velocity. The data agree well with literature data for low gas velocities.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310520
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  • 117
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isothermal steady spinning of an oldroyd fluid B (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 857-859 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310523
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  • 118
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heat and mass transfer in water-laden sandstone: Microwave heating (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 842-848 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Our previous theoretical model was extended to predict the heat and mass transfer phenomena in microwave-heated porous materials. A water-filled sandstone was heated in microwaves and its drying rates and temperature profiles were measured. Predictions agree well with observations. Besides moisture loss rates and temperature profiles, the model also predicts local moisture content, gas densities, and pressure. These latter quantities were not measured in our work, but are of interest since they reveal the basic mechanisms of heat and mass transfer in internally heated porous media.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310521
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  • 119
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The oxidation of carbonaceous residue dispersed in porous retorted oil shale (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 860-862 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310524
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  • 120
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Density of an equimolar mixture of ethane and methyl chloride (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 849-856 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: We have measured the density of an equimolar gas mixture of C2H6-CH3Cl between 323.15 and 473.15 K at pressures to 14.0 MPa. Interaction second virial coefficients and dew-point pressures are extracted from the measurements. Intermolecular force constants for the Lennard-Jones and Stockmayer models are determined optimally for like and unlike pair interactions. Recent methods of prediction for second virial coefficients, both pure and interaction, are tested against experiment.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310522
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  • 121
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computational fluid mechanics and heat transfer. By Dale A. Anderson, John C. Tannehill, and Richard H. Pletcher, McGraw-Hill, 1984, 599 + ix pp., $39.95 (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 878-878 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310531
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  • 122
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310601
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  • 123
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamic modeling of emulsion polymerization reactors (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 881-889 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper is a survey of recent published works on the dynamic and steady state modeling of emulsion homo- and copolymerization in batch, semicontinuous, and continuous latex reactors. Contributions to our understanding of diffusion-controlled termination and propagation reactions, molecular weight, long chain branching and crosslinking development, polymer particle nucleation, and of the dynamics of continuous emulsion polymerization are critically reviewed.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310602
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    Interfacial drag and film height for vertical annular flow (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 895-902 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: New measurements are presented for film height and pressure drop for vertical gas-liquid annular flows. Improved methods for predicting the film height and interfacial friction factor are developed for situations in which the liquid film flow rate is known.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310604
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  • 125
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    The diffusivity of potassium chloride and sodium chloride in concentrated, saturated, and supersaturated aqueous solutions (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 890-894 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The diffusion coefficients of potassium chloride and sodium chloride were measured in concentrated, saturated, and supersaturated solutions at 25°C employing Gouy interferometry. The results indicate a maximum in the diffusivity vs. concentration curve near saturation followed by a rapid decline in diffusivity toward zero with increasing concentration in the supersaturated region. This behavior supports the idea that the diffusion coefficient approaches zero at the spinodal concentration. The data were successfully correlated by modifying an empirical activity coefficient equation (Robinson and Stokes, 1955) to account for molecular cluster effects and employing the calculated activity coefficients along with a predictive equation for diffusivity in electrolytes (Robinson and Stokes, 1955).
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310603
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  • 126
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    Foam stability: The effect of surface rheological properties on the lamella rupture (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1041-1043 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310623
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  • 127
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    Discrete cell model of fixed-bed adsorbers with rectangular adsorption isotherms (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1329-1337 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Adsorption of organics inot activated carbon particles within a fixed-bed adsorber is modeled using the concept of mixing cells. The adsorption isotherm of these organics is taken to be rectangular because of the commonly observed strong affinity of organics into activated carbons. The model equations are solved by a singular perturbation method, and this results in a graphical procedure similar to that of McCabe and Thiele used in distillation column design. Such a graphical procedure provides a quick means to determine the adsorbate profiles along the adsorber for a given time and also the breakthrough curve, which reflects the performance of the adsorber.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310812
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  • 128
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    Heat and mass transfer in water-laden sandstone: Convective heating (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1338-1348 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A theoretical model was developed to predict the heat and mass transfer phenomena in porous materials. A water-filled sandstone was heated in a convective oven and its water loss rates and temperature profiles were compared with theoretical results. In addition to local temperatures, moisture content, gas densities and pressure, this model also predicts the fluid flow pattern in the heated sample.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310813
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  • 129
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    Liquid holdup and heat transfer coefficient in liquid-solid and three-phase fluidized beds (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1504-1509 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Liquid holdups and wall-to-bed heat transfer coefficients in three-phase fluidized beds with glass beads and cylindrical γ-alumina particles were determined experimentally. It was found that the product of heat transfer coefficient and liquid holdup in three-phase fludized beds is equal to that in corresponding liquid-solid fluidized beds. A generalized correlation equation for heat transfer coefficients in both liquid-solid and three-phase fluidized beds was proposed based on the above relationship.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310913
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  • 130
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    Tracer diffusion of aromatic hydrocarbons in liquid cyclohexane up to its critical temperature (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1510-1515 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Tracer diffusion coefficients in liquid cyclohexane of benzene, toluene, p-xylene, mesitylene, naphthalene, and phenanthrene have been determined from 298.2 to 523.2 K (TR = 0.54 ∼ 0.95) using the Taylor dispersion method. Positive deviations from the Arrhenius relationship are observed as the critical temperature is approached, but a rough-hard-sphere theory is found to be adequate for describing the data across the entire temperature range. On the basis of the computer simulation results for hard-sphere fluids, correlations involving solute and solvent critical volumes and their molecular weights have also been developed for practical applications. Tracer diffusivities in supercritical carbon dioxide are also adequately represented by the proposed correlation, as the fluid density is not far removed from that of liquid carbon dioxide.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310914
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  • 131
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    Deterministic variability analysis for intermediate storage in noncontinuous processes. Part I: Allowability conditions (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1516-1527 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Noncontinuous processes involving batch and semicontinuous processing operations are typically subject to significant levels of process parameter variations. Intermediate storage is commonly used to mitigate the effects of these variations. A taxonomy and analysis is presented of the various types of parameter variations: elementary and composite, single and multiple, homogeneous and mixed, overlapping and nonoverlapping. Sufficient conditions are developed which insure that continuity of periodic operation can be maintained in the presence of these various types of process variations. These conditions serve as the basis of storage sizing procedures developed in the companion paper.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310915
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  • 132
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    The relative contribution of pore volume diffusion and surface diffusion to mass transfer in capillaries and porous media (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 863-864 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310525
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  • 133
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    Contact nucleation from aqueous potash alum solutions (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 865-867 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310526
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  • 134
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    Theoretical prediction of heterogeneous one-dimensional heat transfer coefficients for fixed-bed reactors (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 868-870 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310527
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  • 135
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    Efficient modeling of time-dependent, maldistributed flow in packed beds (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 871-873 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310528
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  • 136
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    Rapid hydropyrolysis of softening coal particles - A modeling study. Part II: Model predictions and comparison with experimental results (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 912-917 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The mathematical model described in Part I is applied to predict CH4 and tar yields in rapid hydropyrolysis of softening coal particles. Predicted effects of pressure and particle size agree with trends previously measured in a screen heater apparatus.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310606
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  • 137
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    Catalysis and synergism in the reduction smelting of lead sulfide with carbon and lime (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 918-926 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The catalyzed direct reduction of lead sulfide with carbon and lime was investigated at several temperatures and under two different inert gas atmospheres. The catalyzed reduction kinetics were determined both with a nitrogen atmosphere and a helium-rich helium-nitrogen atmosphere. The reduction kinetics under the latter were decidedly superior to those under the former. The differences were interpreted in terms of faster diffusion rates in a helium medium and synergistic effects. The catalyst used was a ternay eutectic mixture (K, Li, Na)2CO3, which amounted to 2.5 wt. % of the PbS:4CaO:4C reaction mixture.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310607
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  • 138
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    The role of zeolite pore structure during deactivation by coking (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 927-934 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Residues accumulating within the cavities of a small-pore zeolite, isolated by extraction, are composed of a series of aromatics up to a distinct cutoff at pyrene. Similar analysis of partiall-regenerated catalyst reveal pathways by which residue oxidation can occur and pathways by which these residues can participate during methanol decomposition.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310608
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  • 139
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    Multiplicity in continuous MSMPR crystallizers. Part I: Concentration multiplicity in an isothermal crystallizer (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1121-1127 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A theory for the identification of criteria within which a continuous isothermal mixed-suspension, mixed-product removal (MSMPR) crystallizer can exhibit concentration multiplicity (i.e., multiple steady states) is developed. Power law growth and power law magma-dependent nucleation kinetic models are used to describe the crystallization kinetics. Applications to specific cases together with figures delineating regions of multiplicity are presented. The stability of these steady states is analyzed by using small perturbations around the steady state. Growth ratedispersion is shown to be unimportant in establishing this concentration multiplicity.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310710
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  • 140
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    The role of porosity in filtration. Part X: Deposition of compressible cakes on external radial surfaces (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1241-1248 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The theory of deposition of compressible, particulate beds on cyclindrical surfaces is developed for both constant-pressure and constant-rate filtration. Radial flow is encountered in tubular filters and in both filtering and sedimenting centrifuges. It differs mathematically from filtration on planar surfaces in the manner in which the frictional drag balance on the particle structure is coupled with Darcy's equation.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310803
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  • 141
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    Representation of deviation from ideality in concentrated aqueous solutions of electrolytes using a mean spherical approximation molecular model (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1233-1240 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A semiempirical expression for the Helmholtz energy of mixed electrolyte solutions in solvents mixtures is obtained from the solution of the mean spherical approximation given by Planche and Renon (1981) for a nonprimitive model of interactions. A consistent set of analytical equations for the related thermodynamic properties was further derived and used to represent osmotic coefficient data of strong aqueous electrolytes at 25°C. Data correlation was performed on more than 80 systems up to a 6 M molality using generally one adjustable parameter for each single electrolyte; from these parameters the properties of mixtures can be calculated in a predictive manner without additional parameters.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310802
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  • 142
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    Relation of oil yield to the structure of the thermal wave in the combustion processing of oil shale (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1263-1274 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The combustion retorting of oil shale is analyzed. By using coordinate systems moving at the same velocity as reaction zones, a model is obtained for the fully developed thermal wave which would exist after the wave has progressed a sufficient distance into the bed. Of particular interest is the interpretation of oil yield in terms of the structure of the wave and of operating variables.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310805
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  • 143
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    Hydrodynamic simulation of periodic cycled plate columns (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1275-1287 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A mathematical model of the hydrodynamic processes occurring in a periodic cycled plate column is developed and experimentally confirmed. The model is applied to the prediction of the holdup distribution and the investigation of hydrodynamic problems. An effective manifold arrangement is proposed to minimize the uneven liquid draining encountered in previous experimental studies.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310806
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  • 144
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    Chemical kinetics of the reaction of carbon dioxide with ethanolamines in nonaqueous solvents (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1297-1303 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The kinetics of the reaction of carbon dioxide with mono- and diethanolamine in such nonaqueous solvents as methanol, ethanol, and 2-propanol and in water were studied using a stirred tank absorber with a plane gas-liquid interface at 303 K. The reaction was found to be of first order with respect to carbon dioxide for every solvent. The order of reaction with respect to ethanolamine was found to be unity only for an aqueous solution of monoethanolamine and for the other solutions, ranged from 1.4 to 2, depending on the solvent species. The reaction order was increased in the order of water, methanol, ethanol, and 2-propanol. The variation of the reaction order with the solvent species could be explained in terms of a reaction scheme via a zwitterion. Almost linear dependence of the logarithm of the reaction rate constant on the solubility parameter of the solvent was derived.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310808
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  • 145
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    Non-fickian diffusion through polymer films (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 874-876 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310529
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  • 146
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    Equilibrium properties of fluids and fluid mixtures. By Aleksander Kreglewski, Texas A&M University Press, 1984, 253 + xxi pp (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 878-878 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310530
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  • 147
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    Rapid hydropyrolysis of softening coal particles - A modeling study. Part I: Model formulation and parameter values (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 903-911 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A mathematical model is developed for rapid hydropyrolysis of softening coal particles. It is aimed to represent previously measured effects of pressure and particle size on product yields. The model includes a global chemical reaction scheme combined with diffusional transport of hydrogen dependent on the transient physical properties of the coal. Model predictions are compared with experimental data in a companion paper.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310605
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  • 148
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    Mathematical modeling of catalytic converter lightoff. Part II: Model verification by engine-dynamometer experiments (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 935-942 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A transient mathematical model has been developed which describes the behavior of packed-bed catalytic converters during warmup. Model predictions agree very well with the results of engine-dynamometer experiments for three Pt-alumina catalysts of widely different properties, thus demonstrating the validity of the model.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310609
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  • 149
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    Porosity effects on catalytic char oxidation. Part I: A catalyst deposition model (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 957-964 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Six char samples generated from two coals were impregnated by solutions with different concentrations of Na2CO3 and /or K2CO3. The catalyst solution penetration was studied, the catalyst uptake was measured, and the effects of impregnation on the char pore structure were determined experimentally. The results indicate that the impregnated catalysts reside only on particle exteriors without significant penetration. The overall rate of reaction is therfore the combination of catalytic reaction on particle exteriors and noncatalytic reaction on the pore surfaces inside the particle. A kinetic model is presented that takes these findings into account.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310612
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  • 150
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    Effects of surface viscosities on the stability of a draining plane parallel liquid film as a small bubble approaches a liquid-gas interface (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 950-956 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: When a small bubble is driven through a liquid phase to a liquid-gas interface, a thin liquid film forms between them and drains until an instability forms and coalescence occurs. Following Lin and Slattery (1982b), Chen et al. (1984) and Hahn et al. (1985) analyzed this process, neglecting the effects of electrostatic forces and of the surface viscosities. Here we extend their theory to include the effects of the surface viscosities. We employ a modification of the development by Barber and Hartland (1976; Flumerfelt et al., 1982) for a draining film bounded by parallel planes.For a large intermediate range of the surface viscosities, the coalescence time is a strong function of these parameters. Inclusion of the surface viscosities acts to moderate or even reverse trends previously established for the dependence of the coalescence time on the bubble radius, the viscosity of the film liquid, the interfacial tension, the strength of the London-van der Waals forces, and the density difference between the two phases.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310611
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  • 151
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    Porosity effects on catalytic char oxidation. Part II: Experimental results (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 965-972 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Oxidation rates of Na2CO3- and K2CO3-impregnated char samples were measured in an isothermal kinetic control regime. The results were analyzed by a previously developed model to extract the intrinsic catalytic reactivities, freed from superimposed noncatalytic and structural effects. Although the overall catalyzed rates are only several times greater than their uncatalyzed counterparts, the intrinsic catalytic rates were found to be four orders of magnitude greater. The results further indicate that the function of the catalyst is to increase the number of active sites without affecting the activation energy. The overall reaction kinetics are demonstrated to contain the combined contributions of both catalytic and noncatalytic reactions, and in this context the effects of multiple catalysts as well as of the pore structure development during reaction can be understood and interpreted.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310613
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    Effect of pore structure on char oxidation kinetics (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 973-981 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Prior studies have demonstrated that char gasification rates vary with conversion, showing a maximum at an intermediate level. In this work experimentally determined char-air reaction rates and corresponding pore structures are compared to assess the applicability of a previously proposed random pore model and to extract pertinent chemical and physical parameters. Results on six different chars are presented and analyzed to obtain structure parameters, intrinsic kinetics, and activation energies. Agreement between two independent evaluations of the structure parameters demonstrates the degree of applicability of the random pore model and supports the view that rate variations with conversion are controlled by pore structural changes, even though overall rates also include contributions of intrinsic reactivity.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310614
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  • 153
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    Stochastic modeling of a fluidized-bed reactor (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 992-998 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In this work dispersive mixing and chemical reactions are treated simultaneously by resorting to the theory of stochastic processes. A fluidized-bed reactor is modeled by discretizing it into ideally stirred tanks of various sizes corresponding to bubble, cloud, and emulsion phases. All parameters in the model are correlated with known or experimentally obtainable quantities. Examples using a complex chemical reaction are given to demonstrate the applicability of the approach.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310616
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  • 154
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    Adsorption of gaseous hydrocarbons on activated carbon: Characteristic kinetic curve (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 982-991 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The internal diffusion coefficients, Di, of pure methane, ethane and ethylene as well as some of their binary and ternary mixtures, have been calculated at 20°C for solid particles of a commercial activated carbon. It has been observed that the contribution of the surface migration mechanism to the global mass transfer process inside the adsorbent particles can be as much as 70-80%. Values for the surface migration coefficient Ds have also been calculated from the relation Di = Dg + KDs, where K is a dimensionless mean slope factor. Values found for both coefficients are of the same order of magnitude as those reported in the literature for similar systems.All the values for the internal diffusion coefficients of these pure components and their mixtures fit into a single correlation curve, the characteristic kinetic curve of the adsorbent.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310615
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  • 155
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    A model for pressure drop in two-phase gas-liquid downflow through packed columns (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1010-1018 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The nature of the interaction between the flowing phases in a cocurrent gas-liquid downflow through packed beds depends on the type of the flow regime. The interaction is poor and geometric in nature in gas-continuous flow and becomes high and dynamic in pulse flow due to gas dispersion, acceleration, and mixing of the liquid in the pulses. Models to calculate pressure drop in each of the flow regimes are presented, taking into account the respective interactions. Experimental data on pressure drops and liquid holdups were measured in gas-continuous flow for 3 mm glass spheres and 6 mm Raschig rings. An air-water system is used. The literature data on pressure drops and the experimental data, covering liquid velocities from 0.001 m/s to 0.029 m/s and gas velocities from 0.097 m/s to 2 m/s, were compared with the calculated values. It was found that the pressure drop due to dynamic interaction can be as low as 10% and as much as 80% of the total pressure drop for the data examined in this work. An empirical correlation for holdup in gas-continuous flow is given for Rashig rings.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310618
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  • 156
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    Incipient fluidization condition for a centrifugal fluidized bed (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 999-1009 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A model has been proposed for the condition of incipient fluidization in a centrifugal fluidized bed. The model is based on the balance between the overall forces, including the centrifugal and fluid frictional forces, exerted on the fluidized particles and the overall effective weight of the particles. Equations have been derived from the model for predicting the critical fluidizing velocity and the maximum pressure differential (or pressure drop) through the centrifugal bed. A series of experiments was carried out with different solid particles, bed rotational speeds, and bed heights. The resultant data for the critical fluidizing velocity and the maximum pressure drop of the bed indicate that the proposed model is valid and the derived equations are of practical use.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310617
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  • 157
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    On dense phase voidage and bubble size in high pressure fluidized beds of fine powders (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1019-1028 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Dense phase voidage, εD, dense phase superficial gas velocity, uDo, and absolute bubble rise velocity, uB, were measured at pressures up to 8300 kPa in a pilot-scale, fluidized bed of Group A and boundary Group A/B powders. The mean equivalent bubble diameter, db, near the top of the bed was inferred from uB, and known bed operating conditions. Increased pressure at fixed superficial gas velocity, uo, increased εD and uDo and decreased db for Group A powders. The marked decrease in inferred maximum bubble size, dbmax' with increased pressure could not be explained by a decrease in gas contributing to bubble flow, uBo, but rather appeared to be the result of a bubble instability phenomenon limiting bubble growth.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310619
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  • 158
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    An integral approximation formula for kinetic analysis of nonisothermal TGA data (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1036-1038 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310621
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  • 159
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    Shortcut evaluation of ΔT and QΔT for the synthesis of heat integrated distillation sequences (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1039-1040 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310622
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  • 160
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    Downstream boundary conditions for vertical jets (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1044-1046 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310624
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  • 161
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    Devolatilization and tar production in a bituminous lump coal (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1047-1050 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310625
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  • 162
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    Computational analysis of polymer processing. Edited by JRA Pearson and S.M. Richardson, Elsevier Science Publishing Co., 1983, 343 pp., $66.75 (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1051-1051 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310626
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  • 163
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    Modeling and identification of dynamic systems. By N.K. Sinha and B. Kuszta, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1983, 334 pp., $32.50 (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1051-1052 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310628
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  • 164
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    Letters to the editor (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1053-1054 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310629
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  • 165
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    The role of a broadly-based journal (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1057-1057 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310702
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  • 166
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    Solid-liquid mass transfer in packed beds with cocurrent gas-liquid downflow (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1059-1068 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Local instantaneous solid-liquid mass transfer coefficients were measured in two-phase gas-liquid downflow through packed columns for 3 × 3 mm and 6 × 6 mm cylinders. An electrochemical technique was used. Liquid flow rates from 3.0 to 26.6 kg/m2·s and gas flow rates from 0.07 to 1.16 kg/m2·s covered the gas-continuous, ripple, and pulse flow regimes. Time-averaged mass transfer coefficients in trickle flow and in pulse flow for the pulse proper and the base (outside the pulse) were found to increase with increasing gas and liquid rates. Correlations are presented in terms of liquid phase Reynolds numbers and in terms of Kolmogoroff numbers. The mass transfer coefficients in the pulse were found to correspond closely to the coefficients that would be attained in the dispersed bubble flow regime.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310703
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  • 167
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    Adsorption equilibrium constants and intraparticle diffusivities in molecular sieves by tracer-pulse chromatography (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1077-1085 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A perturbation chromatography technique using radiotracer gases has been developed to determine the adsorption equilibrium constants and diffusivities in molecular sieves. The ethane and ethylene 13X molecular sieve systems were studied in regions of high concentration. The data obtained by this technique are shown to be in agreement with equilibrium data obtained by static methods and with kinetic data obtained by adsorption uptake and chromatographic methods, but not with kinetic data obtained using NMR techniques. The tracer-pulse chromatographic technique is much more efficient for obtaining gas adsorption equilibria and intraparticle diffusivities and is considerably easier to adapt to wide pressure and temperature ranges than the conventional methods.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310705
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  • 168
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    Surface phenomena and mass transfer interactions in liquid-liquid systems (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1069-1076 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The surface dynamics of pendant aqueous droplets forming at a submerged nozzle in an immiscible organic solvent have been studied using a novel laser-activated photochromic tracer technique. This enabled a small element of surface to be labeled so that its subsequent history could be recorded photographically.Results for aqueous droplets forming in toluene in the absence of any mass transfer indicated only a slow interfacial circulation from the front to the rear, and there was no indication of any surface renewal as a result of hydrodynamic flow even at nozzle Reynolds numbers as high as 300. By contrast, the introduction of any one of a number of organic solutes into the toluene phase led to sporadic Marangoni-type interfacial disturbances, which in turn resulted in rapid replacement of elements of the droplet surface. It is proposed that renewal of the droplet surface is dependent on solute diffusion in the present instance and that the processes of surface renewal and mass transfer are likely to be interactive.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310704
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  • 169
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    A generalized methodology for estimating minimum fluidization velocity at elevated pressure and temperature (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1086-1092 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A generalized methodology for estimating minimum fluidization velocity at elevated pressure and temperature was developed on the basis of a general correlation for pressure drop through fixed beds of spherical particles proposed by Barnea and Mizrahi (1973) and extended by Barnea and Mednick (1975). Comparison with experimental results shows good agreement.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310706
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  • 170
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    A study of inertial effects in granular bed filtration (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1093-1104 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The filtration efficiency of a granular bed filter was investigated in the domain where inertial effects are dominant. A filtration model predicting single sphere and total bed efficiencies based on trajectory calculations of dust particles in the voids of the granular bed was developed. The model uses the flow field in a bed of spheres arranged in a body-centered cubic array for which the filtration efficiency was found to be a function of a modified Stokes number defined by St′ = St × F where the function F depends only on the Reynolds number. The value of the function F can be found experimentally or predicted from the Ergun correlation to be F = 1 + 0.0157 Re. The filtration efficiency calculated using the model agrees well with experimental results obtained in beds of dense cubic packing of spheres especially at relatively low Reynolds numbers (Re 〈 200) and relatively high Stokes numbers (St′ 〉 0.01). The prediction of the theoretical model also agrees well with experimental data for randomly packed beds at low porosities and low Reynolds numbes.
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310707
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  • 171
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    Cold flow mixing rates in confined, recirculating coaxial jets with angular secondary injection (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1105-1112 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The mixing of gases and particles in confined, coaxial jets with angular secondary steam injection into suddenly expanded mixing chambers was studied. The effects of secondary stream injection angle, mixing chamber diameter and length, primary jet solids loadings, particle size, and secondary stream velocity on particle and gas mixing rates were determined. Gas mixing was much faster than particle mixing. Angular secondary injection significantly increased the initial gas and particle mixing rates but had little effect on the overall length of duct needed for complete mixing. The effects on initial gas mixing rate of combined angular secondary injection and increased secondary velocity were additive.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310708
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  • 172
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    Turbulent flow in stirred tanks. Part I: Turbulent flow in the turbine impeller region (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1113-1120 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The concept of the trailing vortex introduced by van't Riet and Smith (1975) is used for evaluation of the mean velocity and intensity of periodic velocity fluctuations in the turbine impeller discharge flow. From the analysis of forces acting on the trailing vortex, it follows that geometric similarity in the impeller discharge flow can be expected for the Reynolds number range Re ε 〈1.5 × 104; 9.0 × 104〉 and for the radial distance up to one-tenth of the impeller diameter. The calculated profiles of mean velocity and intensity of periodic velocity fluctuations agree with published data and permit the declaration of boundary conditions for the impeller discharge flow for numerical modeling of turbulent fluid flow in turbine impeller agitated tanks.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310709
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  • 173
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    Multiplicity in continuous MSMPR crystallizers. Part II: Temperature multiplicity in a cooling crystallizer (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1128-1135 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper demonstrates the application of the theory of temperature multiplicity to the continuous mixed-suspension, mixed-product removal (MSMPR) cooling crystallizer as described by the coupled solute and energy balances along with the associated population balance transformed into moment equations. Exact uniqueness and multiplicity criteria are developed. Applications to specific cases together with diagrams depicting the effects of the important variables on the regions of multiplicity and uniqueness are presented.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310711
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  • 174
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    Continuous thermodynamics of multicomponent systems (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1136-1148 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Based on a continuous distribution function instead of the mole fractions of individual components, a consistent building of continuous thermodynamics is presented. It may be favorably used in all cases where there are a large number of very similar chemical species such as in polymers, in heavy petroleum fractions, or in coal-derived liquids.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310712
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  • 175
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    The effects of surfactants on the motion and transport mechanisms of a condensing droplet in a high reynolds number flow (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1149-1156 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The motion and transport mechanisms of a condensing droplet initially contaminated with insoluble monolayer surfactant material are examined through a theoretical approach. The surface tension gradient force induced by the surfactant and the shear stress from the relative motion between droplet and its ambient vapor are evaluated on the droplet surface as major forces affecting the internal motion of the droplet. The strength of the internal motion ranges from one order of magnitude smaller than the free stream velocity for slight surfactant contamination to almost a complete stop in motion for high surfactant concentration.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310713
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  • 176
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    The influence of a grid-generated turbulence on the development of chemical reactions (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1157-1166 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The evolution of slow, irreversible, isothermal, second-order chemical reactions between two nonpremixed species is experimentally studied in a field of quasiisotropic grid turbulence developing in a water tunnel. The experiments provide some basic data on the interaction between the turbulent mixing and the reaction, which tends to remove the mixed species.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310714
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  • 177
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    Modeling of permeators with two different types of polymer membranes (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1167-1177 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Mathematical models have been developed for the separation of binary gas mixtures in permeator modules housing two different types of membranes simultaneously. The membranes are selected so as to exhibit reverse selectivities toward the components of a mixture, i.e., so that one membrane is more permeable to one of the components while the second membrane is more permeable to the other component. The mathematical models describe the membrane separation process for three kinds of flow patterns of the permeated (low pressure) and unpermeated (high pressure) gas streams in the permeator, namely, “perfect mixing,” counter-current flow, and cocurrent flow. Numerical solutions of the models indicate that the extent of separation achievable in a two-membrane permeator can be much higher than in a conventional single-membrane permeator. Also, for given product compositions, the membrane area requirements of the former permeator can be lower than those of the latter. Countercurrent flow is generally the most efficient flow pattern in a two-membrane permeator, and “perfect mixing” is the least efficient one, but the opposite is true under special operating conditions.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310715
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  • 178
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    Molecular theory of transport in fluid microstructures: Diffusion in interfaces and thin films (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1178-1186 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Gradient theory of equilibrium fluid microstructures is extended to nonequilibrium isothermal processes. The theory is applied to steady diffusion across liquid-liquid interfaces. It is shown that local equilibrium across a fluid-fluid interface is maintained even in the presence of very high diffusion fluxes and that the concept of an interface acting as an applied potential energy for a diffusing species is of limited utility. The theory is suited for practical, semiempirical calculations of structure, stress, and isothermal transport in systems containing interfaces.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310716
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  • 179
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    Real-time estimation of dynamic particle-size distributions in a fluidized bed: Theoretical foundation (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1202-1212 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Significant noise (random error) is common in an on-line signal when measuring the particle size distribution in a fluidized bed. The application of optimal estimation theory to obtain a filtering algorithm that can rectify such measurements is detailed. Off-line simulation studies demonstrate that the filtering algorithm yields a measure of particle size distribution that is well-behaved, accurate, and able to track in real time as conditions change in the bed.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310718
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  • 180
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    Performance studies of the measurement test for detection of gross errors in process data (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1187-1201 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The measurement test proposed by Mah and Tamhane (1982) allows the gross error associated with a measurement to be directly identified without a separate procedure. In this paper a comprehensive evaluation of this test was carried out based on two different definitions of its power. The influence of constraints, network configuration, position of measurement, magnitudes of gross error and standard deviations, number of measurements, and other factors were summarized as rules and guidelines for the application of this test. The simulation procedure developed in this investigation may be used to design a gross error detection scheme for any specific application.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310717
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  • 181
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    Role of surface effects in the dewatering of alumina trihydrate (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1213-1216 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310719
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  • 182
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    Heat and mass transfer coefficients for porous horizontal cylinders (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1217-1219 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310720
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  • 183
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    Pseudosteady state approximation for fluid-solid reaction and for extraction in cylindrical geometry (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1220-1222 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310721
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  • 184
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    The behavior of nitrogen oxides in the N2H4-NO-O2 reaction (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1223-1225 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310722
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  • 185
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    Diffusional influences on deactivation rates of bidispersed catalysts (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1393-1396 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310819
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  • 186
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    Behavior of liquid surface impinged by turbulent jets (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1397-1400 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310820
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  • 187
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    Thermodynamically consistent quasi-Newton formulae (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1381-1388 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Newton and quasi-Newton methods have been used in chemical process design and optimization calculations for quite some time. They continue to be used today, both in the traditional sense and as part of the more recent hybrid method. While Newton-based fixed-point methods have been used to solve many different kinds of chemical process design and optimization problems, perhaps the point of single largest application has been that of multicomponent separation problems, especially equilibrium stage distillation.Quite aside from this, classical thermodynamics provides us with certain fundamental mathematical and physical relationships governing the behavior of nonideal solutions, those being the homogeneity of partial molar excess properties and their derivatives and the Gibbs-Duhem equation.In this work, we draw a connection between the class of Newton-based fixed-point methods and classical nonideal thermodynamics. That is, it is shown that, with the exception of Newton's method, none of the conventional Newton-like methods gives matrix approximations that are thermodynamically consistent. In other words, all existing nonsymmetric and symmetric quasi-Newton formulae generate matrix approximations that do not satisfy, for either the zerodegree homogeneity or Gibbs-Duhem equations.In light of this, a new class of quasi-Newton formulae is presented for use in chemical process problems whose models include chemical and/or phase equilibrium. In particular, several new quasi-Newton formulae are presented that give Jacobian or Hessian approximations that satisfy the zero-degree homogeneity and/or Gibbs-Duhem equations, in addition to the usual secant and perhaps symmetry and sparsity condition. This new class of formulae is called thermodynamically consistent quasi-Newton formulae. Some numerical results are presented that show that these thermodynamically consistent quasi-Newton formulae can provide improvements in reliability and computational efficiency when compared to existing Newton-like methods.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310817
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  • 188
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    Critical deposit velocity in slurry flow (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1401-1404 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310821
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  • 189
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    Electronic Resource
    Bimetallic catalysts: Discoveries, concepts, and applications. By John H. Sinfelt, John Wiley & Sons, 1983. XI + 164 pp (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1405-1405 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310823
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  • 190
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    Kinetics of CO oxidation over Co3O4/γ-Al2O3. Part II: Reactor dynamics (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1427-1434 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The transient responses of a fixed-bed reactor to step increases and decreases in CO, O2, and/or CO2 feed concentrations were measured and interpreted. It is shown that dynamic methods yield vastly more phenomenological and mechanistic information than steady state measurements, with significantly less experimental effort.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310904
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  • 191
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    Kinetics of CO oxidation over Co3O4/γ-Al2O3. Part III: Mechanism (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1435-1440 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Interpretations of a variety of transient experiments are combined with information from the literature to reveal the roles played by the Co3O4 catalyst surface and adsorbed species. The reaction path depends on the oxidation state of the catalyst. A rather coherent picture of oxidation-reduction catalysis by a metal oxide is obtained.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310905
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  • 192
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    Electronic Resource
    Short-lived sites in nucleate boiling (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1441-1445 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An hypothesis is proposed to explain the origin of short-lived sites observed in nucleate pool boiling. Conditions are postulated under which microbubbles might circulate into the superheated liquid region and serve as the source of these nucleation sites. Consequences of this possible mechanism are examined for explanations of hysteresis effects and scatter of results in boiling research.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310906
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  • 193
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    Electronic Resource
    Wave formation on a vertical falling liquid film (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1446-1460 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The method of integral relations is used to derive a nonlinear two-wave equation for long waves on the surface of vertical falling liquid films. This equation is valid within a range of moderate Reynolds numbers and and be reduced in some cases to other well-known equations.The theoretical results for the fastest growing waves are compared with the experimental results concerning velocities, wave numbers, and growth rates of the waves in the inception region. The validity of the theoretical assumptions is also confirmed by direct measurements of instantaneous velocity profiles in a wave liquid film.The results of the experimental investigation concerning nonlinear stationary waves and the evolution of initial solitary disturbances are presented.
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310907
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  • 194
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    An MILP formulation for heat-integrated distillation sequence synthesis (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1461-1474 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In this paper the problem of distillation sequence synthesis with heat integration is formulated and solved as a mixed integer linear superstructure optimization problem. Allowing both conventional and multieffect distillation, two alternatives for generating a superstructure are shown, then a formulation is presented which approximates the synthesis problem as a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) problem. Examples illustrate the method. Reported computer times suggest that earlier algorithmic methods for discovering the better sequences among those allowed by the problem formulation, and without the option of multieffecting, are an order of magnitude slower than this approach.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310908
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  • 195
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    Utility bounds for nonconstant QΔT for heat-integrated distillation sequence synthesis (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1475-1479 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In earlier work the authors presented a simple method to synthesize heat-integrated distillation sequences through the use of simple sketches on a diagram displaying temperature vs. enthalpy. Embedded in that work is the useful but in-correct assumption that the reboiler/condenser heat loads and the temperature-difference across the column are independent of the temperature (pressure) level at which the column is operated. This assumption of constancy is removed here, and it is shown how to calculate the minimum utility target using a small linear programming formulation. It is also shown how to use the results of this calculation to synthesize distillation sequences that approach the bound discovered. For the example problems solved, the minimum utility target calculated increases about 25 to 60% over that calculated assuming constant QΔT. The sequences synthesized based on this improved target are virtually the same as the constant QΔT method produces, suggesting that the earlier method is indeed a useful approach.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310909
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  • 196
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    Finite amplitude waves in stratified two-phase flow: Transition to slug flow (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1480-1487 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In horizontal two-phase flow, transition from stratified to slug flow occurs due to the nonlinear instability of finite amplitude interfacial waves. The nonlinear equations describing interfacial waves in stratified two-phase flow are solved by a multiple scales perturbation method. Instability criteria and amplification factors are determined. The phase velocities that are calculated to lead to amplification of finite amplitude interfacial waves are well below those based on linear stability criteria. This is in agreement with existing experimental data on transition from stratified to slug flow in horizontal channels.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310910
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  • 197
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    The application of drop size distribution and discrete drop mass transfer models to assess the performance of a rotating disc contactor (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1488-1497 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A method has been developed to calculate the overall mass transfer coefficient in an agitated liquid extraction column containing a wide range of drop sizes. The method applied the drop size distribution diagram to estimate the volume percentage of stagnant, circulating, and oscillating drops in the drop population. Individual mass transfer coefficients were then evaluated for the corresponding drop state, using the different single-drop mass transfer models, after which the overall coefficient Kcal was calculated as the fractional sum of the individual coefficients and their proportion in the drop population. These estimated mass transfer coefficients have been compared with results obtained from a large rotating disc extractor 0.45 m in diameter and 6.75 m high, extracting acetone between water and Clairsol (a parafinic hydrocarbon, principally decane). Good agreement was obtained in the majority of the experiments when the Rose-Kintner correlation was applied to evaluate the dispersed phase mass transfer coefficient of the oscillating drops. In all experiments agreement between the calculated and experimental overall mass transfer coefficients was improved by evaluating the concentration driving force by applying Simpson's rule, thereby introducing corrections for the variation in flowrate along the column and for possible backmixing.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310911
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  • 198
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    A theory for the most stable variable viscosity profile in graded mobility displacement processes (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1498-1503 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The stability of the displacement of a viscous fluid in a porous medium by a less viscous fluid containing an additive is considered. For the case in which the total amount of injected additive is fixed, a theory has been formulated to find the graded mobility profile which minimizes the instability due to an adverse mobility ratio. The result is a constrained nonlinear eigenvalue problem in which the mobility ratio of the fluids, α, and the total dimensionless amount of additive, N, appear as parameters. Estimates show N is typically large for practical situations. An asymptotic solution for large N is developed which shows that the optimal mobility profile is always an exponential curve at leading order. It is shown that although the optimal mobility profile is nearly exponential, the optimal concentration profile is not necesarily so, contrary to previous suggestions in the literature. Furthermore, it is shown that, unlike the case of a mobility jump, a graded mobility process under optimal conditions has amplifications independent of displacement velocity. We also discuss a possibile stabilization mechanism due to the very long wavelength disturbances which occur under optimal conditions.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310912
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  • 199
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    Mathematical modeling of catalytic converter lightoff. Part III: Prediction of vehicle exhaust emissions and parametric analysis (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 943-949 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The converter warmup model developed previously (Oh and Cavendish, 1985) has been used to simulate the performance of a packed-bed converter during the cold-start portion of vehicle emissions tests. Despite the highly transient converter inlet conditions, the model successfully predicts tailpipe mass emissions as a function of time.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310610
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  • 200
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    Mobility control in the displacement of residual oil by an unstable foam (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1029-1035 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A qualitative analysis is developed for the displacement of an unstable foam in a porous structure. The effects of the magnitude of the London-van der Waals forces, of the surface tension, of the surface viscosities, of the quality (volume fraction of the gas), of the bubble size, and of the viscosity of the foaming agent solution are investigated. A number of qualitative conclusions are drawn regarding three aspects of mobility control: distribution of bypassed oil, speed of displacement, and displacement efficiency.Ideally, any change in formulation should increase both the speed of displacement and the displacement efficiency. This is possible only by decreasing the surface viscosities. With all of the other variables, whenever either the speed of displacement or the displacement efficiency is increased, the other is decreased. Whether both the speed of displacement and the displacement efficiency actually increase on reducing the surface viscosities depends on whether the effects of the surface viscosities are dominant.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310620
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