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  • 1985-1989  (1,446)
  • 1988  (820)
  • 1986  (626)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (1,199)
  • Life Sciences  (247)
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Material
Years
  • 1985-1989  (1,446)
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Keywords
  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fermentation of hemicellulosic sugars and sugar mixtures by Candida shehatae (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 31 (1988), S. 502-506 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260310516
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photo-osmosis through liquid membrane bilayers generated by bacteriorhodopsin (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 31 (1988), S. 511-515 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Liquid membrane bilayers, generated by bacteriorhodopsin on a supporting membrane, exhibit photo osmosis. The phenomenon has been shown to be a consequence of light-induced electrical potential differences which develop across the liquid membrane bilayer due to the light-driven proton pumping action of bacteriorhodopsin. The variations of photo osmotic velocity with wavelength, intensity of light, and proton acceptor concentrations has been studied.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260310602
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  • 103
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of bilirubin oxidase and modeling of an immobilized bilirubin oxidase reactor for bilirubin detoxification (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 31 (1988), S. 536-546 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The unbound bilirubin concentration and the enzymatic rate of bilirubin degradation by bilirubin oxidase in bilirubin-serum albumin solutions have been investigated experimentally and theoretically. A stoichiometric bilirubin-serum albumin binding analysis shows that the unbound bilirubin concentration depends only on the molar ratio of the total bilirubin concentration to the total serum albumin concentration. From the theoretical analysis and the measured unbound bilirubin concentrations, serum albumin may be modelled as a molecule having two binding sites, primary and secondary, with stoichiometric equilibrium constants of K1 = 6 × 107M-1 and K2 = 4.5 × 106M-1, respectively. The rate of total bilirubin degradation in bilirubin-serum albumin mixtures is zero order. An immobilized bilirubin oxidase reactor model, which shows good agreement with experimental bilirubin conversions, is presented. At a flow rate of 1 mL/min with a 8-mL reactor volume, a 50% bilirubin conversion per pass was observed with an inlet bilirubin concentration of 350μM and a serum albumin concentration of 500μM.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260310605
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  • 104
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental simulation of oxygen profiles and their influence on baker's yeast production: I. One-fermentor system (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 31 (1988), S. 567-578 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In production-scale bioreactors microorganisms are exposed to a continually changing environment. This may cause loss of viability, reduction of the yield of biomass or desired metabolites, and an increase in the formation of by-products. In fed-batch production of baker's yeast, profiles may occur in substrate and oxygen concentrations and in pH. This article deals with the influence of a periodically changing oxygen concentration on the growth of baker's yeast in a continuous culture. Also, influences on the production of ethanol, glycerol, acetic acid, and on the composition of the cells were investigated. It was found that relatively fast fluctuations between oxygen-unlimited and oxygen-limited conditions with a frequency of 1 or 2 min had a distinct influence on the biomass and metabolite production. However, RNA, protein, and carbohydrate contents measured in cells exposed to fluctuations differed little from those in cells from an oxygen-unlimited or an oxygen-limited culture. The respiration and fermentation capacities of cells exposed to fluctuations can be larger than the capacities of cells grown under oxygen-unlimited conditions.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260310609
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  • 105
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anaerobic acidogenesis of a complex wastewater: I. The influence of operational parameters on reactor performance (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 31 (1988), S. 958-968 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The influence of operational, parameters, such as hydraulic retention time, organic loading rate, influent substrate concentration, pH, and temperature, on the performance of the first phase of anaerobic digestion has been investigated. A complex substrate based on beef extract was used, and six series of experimental runs were conducted, each one showing the effect of one operational variable. The predominant fermentation products were always acetic and propionic acid, independent of the values of the operational parameters. For initial COD concentrations and hydraulic retention times above the critical values identified as 3 g/L and 6 h, respectively, the degree of acidification achieved was between 30 and 60%. The degree of acidification was found to increase with the hydraulic retention time and decrease with the influent substrate concentration and organic loading rate, while the opposite held true for the rate of product formation. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that acidification is primarily determined by the hydraulic retention time and the rate of product formation by the influent substrate concentration. The concentration of the acetic acid produced was found to depend on the operational parameters. However, the concentration of propionic acid produced depended only on the substrate availability with a consistent proportion of 8% initial COD converted to it. The optimum pH and temperature were 7 and 40°C, respectively. The percentage of acetic acid as a proportion of the total volatile fatty acids produced was found to increase with increasing pH and temperature, while the percentage of propionic acid seemed to decrease accordingly. Finally the effect of the temperature on the rate of acidification followed an Arrhenius type equation with an activation energy equal to 4739 cal/mol.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260310908
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  • 106
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320101
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  • 107
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of carbon dioxide on Penicillium chrysogenum: An autoradiographic study (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 1-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Previous research has shown that dissolved carbon dioxide causes significant changes in submerged penicillin fermentations, such as stunted, swollen hyphae, increased branching, lower growth rates, and lower penicillin productivity. Influent carbon dioxide levels of 5 and 10% were shown through the use of autoradiography to cause an increase in chitin synthesis in submerged cultures of Penicillium chrysogenum. At an influent 5% carbon dioxide level, chitin synthesis is ca. 100% greater in the subapical region of P. chrysogenum hyphae than that of the control, in which there was no influent carbon dioxide. Influent carbon dioxide of 10% caused an increase of 200% in chitin synthesis, it is believed that the cell wall must be plasticized before branching can occur and that high amounts of dissolved carbon dioxide cause the cell to lose control of the plasticizing effect, thus the severe morphological changes occur.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320103
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  • 108
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cybernetic modeling of bacterial cultures at low growth rates: Mixed-substrate systems (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 46-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A cybernetic model to predict the low-growth-rate behavior of bacteria in mixed-substrate environment is presented. Using only growth and maintenance parameters from single-substrate experiments, the model accurately predicts the simultaneous substrate utilization and maintenance energy effects in constant fed-batch cultures of Klebsiella oxytoca. The robustness of the model was examined more rigorously by perturbing glucose-limited fed-batch cultures with additions of arabinose, xylose, and fructose. In all cases, reasonable agreement of the model prediction with the experimental data was observed.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320108
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  • 109
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Removal of nucleic acid contaminants using nuclease enzymes during protein isolation (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 100-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320114
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  • 110
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Automated high sensitivity gas metering system for biological processes (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 105-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320115
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  • 111
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improvements in ethanol tolerance of Kluyveromyces fragilis in jerusalem artichoke juice (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 31 (1988), S. 705-710 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Alcoholic fermentation of Jerusalem artichoke juice, a natural complex medium, allowed the production of 13% (v/v) ethanol utilizing an inulin-fermenting strain of Kluyveromyces fragilis, strongly sensitive to ethanol. However, the fermentation of a simple medium with a similar concentration of fermentable sugars (235 g/L) as saccharose stopped prematurely when only 7% (v/v) ethanol had been produced. Differences in the two fermentation profiles were attributed to the significantly lower ethanol tolerance of K. fragilis IGC 2671 in the simple medium with 2% saccharose as compared with diluted J.a. juice with a similar sugar concentration, in fact, (1) in diluted J. a. juice, growth was possible up to 8% (v/v) added ethanol compared with 6% (v/v) in simple medium and (2) ethanol-induced inhibition of the specific growth and fermentation rate as well as ethanol-induced stimulation of the specific death rate were much more drastic in simple medium. Present results show that (1) the complex composition of the medium used for alcoholic fermentation plays a marked role in the ability of the yeast to tolerate and produce ethanol; (2) J. a. juice proved a very appropriate medium for a productive alcoholic fermentation, namely, in processes based on strains with a low ethanol resistance; and (3) to characterize and compare the ethanol tolerance of fermenting yeasts, the standardization of the medium composition must be taken in consideration.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260310711
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  • 112
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of growth substrate on production of cellulase enzymes by Trichoderma harzianum E58 (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 31 (1988), S. 725-729 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Cellulase production by Trichoderma harzianum E58 grown on lactose and various cellulosic substrates such as Solka Floe, Avicel, and steamed aspenwood was investigated. The culture filtrates of T. harzianum E58 obtained after growth on these substrates were assayed for their cellulase activities and overall hydrolytic activities. The severity of the steaming conditions used for the aspenwood had a pronounced effect on the cellulolytic activity of the produced culture filtrates. Those substrates that were more readily hydrolyzed by the cellulase complex were the poorest substrates for inducing an active cellulase complex. Substrates such as acid-impregnated aspenwood and lactose induced a less hydrolytic efficient cellulase complex than more recalcitrant substrates such as microcrystalline cellulose.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260310715
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  • 113
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alcoholic fermentation: Model accounting for initial nitrogen influence (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 31 (1988), S. 747-749 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260310719
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  • 114
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glucoamylase immobilized on acid-hydrolyzed starch graft polyacrylonitrile (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 31 (1988), S. 759-769 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A continuous stirred reactor fed maltose as substrate was used to show that acid hydrolyzed starch-g-polyacry-lonitrile and other polysaccharide graft copolymers can bind and retain significant quantities of active glucoamy-lase. Glucose productivities up to 2.7 g/g carrier/h were observed with the immobilized glucoamylase, and half-lives up to 1800 h were indicative of activity longevity. Factors influencing the immobilized enzyme activity and first-order decay rate included temperature, pH, and carrier composition. In all cases, maltose was converted quantitatively to glucose with no evidence of reversion product formation.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260310802
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  • 115
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship between growth, fermentation, and respiration rates in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: A study based on the analysis of the yield Ypx (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 240-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320215
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  • 116
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An immobilized hydrogenase from Alcaligenes eutrophus H-16 (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 295-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Alcaligenes Eutrophus H-16 was grown in continuous culture under conditions which induced hydrogenase production. The hydrogenase enzyme was extracted, partially purified and immobilized on porous glass. This enzyme was then studied both in solution and in immobilized form as a possible candidate for a number of industrial applications. It proved to have a stability (storage and operational) which was highly temperature dependent. Temperatures near freezing caused the enzyme to retain its activity for long periods of time. Although its kinetics were more favorable at elevated temperatures of up to 40°C, the loss of stability outweighed this gain substantially. The effects of buffer type and pH on enzyme activity were also studied. This enzyme has only a modest sensitivity to destruction by oxygen during storage, in contrast to hydrogenases produced by several other microorganisms.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320306
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  • 117
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comments on validity of measuring oxygen diffusion coefficients with polarographic oxygen electrodes (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 31 (1988), S. 1010-1011 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260310914
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  • 118
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In memoriam: Bland Symington Montenecount (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. iii 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320102
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  • 119
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The barley protein degradation: Mechanism of protein solubilization during barley mashing with neutral proteinase (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 18-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Kinetics of protein solubilization during barley mashing with neutral proteinase were studied. By plotting the kinetics data in Foster-Niemann coordinates for barley concentration range of 10-30% linear relationships with high correlation coefficients (r ≥ 0. 999) were obtained. The slopes of straight lines were very close to corresponding reciprocal initial insoluble nitrogen concentrations. Barley proteolytic inhibitors affected the ordinate intercept; by their addition the values of ordinate intercept decreased. The data suggest that the modified Foster-Niemann equation can be proposed to interpret kinetics of insoluble barley protein degradation. The proteolytic activity decay was studied as well. The enzyme decay was faster in buffer solution than during barley mashing, but in both cases first-order kinetics can be applied. A mathematical model describing protein solubilization and enzyme decay kinetics were developed. The results of computer simulation were in good agreement with experimental data.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320105
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  • 120
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monitoring electron transfer by photoacoustic spectroscopy in native and immobilized thylakoid membranes (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 64-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Photoacoustic spectroscopy was used to monitor photo synthetic electron transfer in native and immobilized thylakoid membranes. The photoacoustic parameter φr′ (the percentage of absorbed energy that is stored in photo chemical intermediates) and i50 (the half-saturation modulated light intensity) were directly correlated to electron transfer rates. As previously shown, thylakoids immobilized in an albumin-glutaraldehyde matrix were more resistant to aging. The inhibitory effects of the immobilization procedure and of aging at 4°C were detected as a decrease in i50 values. In analogy with enzyme kinetic analysis, the effect could be characterized as a competitive type of inhibition. Photoacoustic measurements are performed in conditions similar to a working bioreactor cell with regards to the sample preparation.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320110
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  • 121
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biochemical limits to microbial growth yields: An analysis of mixed substrate utilization (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 86-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A theoretical analysis has been made of carbon conversion efficiency during heterotrophic microbial growth. The expectation was that the maximal growth yield occurs when all the substrate is assimilated and the net flow of carbon through dissimilation is zero. This, however, is not identical to a 100% carbon conversion, since assimilatory pathways lead to a net production of CO2. It can be shown that the amount of CO2 produced by way of assimilatory processes is dependent upon the nature of the carbon source, but independent of its degree of reduction and varies between 12 and 29% of the substrate carbon. An analysis of published yield data reveals that nearly complete assimilation can occur during growth on substrates with a high energy content. This holds for substrates with a heat of combustion of ca. 550 kJ/mol C, or a degree of reduction higher than 5 (e.g. ethane, ethanol, and methanol). Complete assimilation can also be achieved on substrates with a lower energy content, provided that an auxiliary energy source is present that cannot be used as a carbon source. This is evident from the cell yields reported for Candida utilis grown on glucose plus formate and for Thiobacillus versutus grown on acetate plus thiosulfate. This evaluation of the carbon conversion efficiency during assimilation also made it possible to compare the energy content of the auxiliary energy substrate added with the quantity of the carbon source it had replaced. It will be shown that utilization of the auxiliary energy source may lead to extreme changes in the efficiency of dissimilatory processes.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320112
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  • 122
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production and application of methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 31 (1988), S. 44-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Pichia pastoris is a methylotrophic yeast that makes use bf the enzyme alcohol oxidase to catalyze the first step of the dissimilatory pathway that enables it to grow on methanol. Because of its stability and low substrate specificity, alcohol oxidase is of considerable interest for a range of biotechnological processes. Various feeding regimes were evaluated in an effort to increase the biomass concentration and productivity that could be achieved from fermentations using this organism. Through continuous or semicontinuous feeding, biomass concentrations were increased 10-fold over those achieved in batch fermentations. In subsequent trials, nongrowing whole cells were applied successfully to convert ethanol to acetaldehyde. Quantitative conversions of 20-g/L solutions of ethanol have been achieved in 2 h, and acetaldehyde concentrations of up to 35 g/L have been achieved using extended reaction times of 5 h. The conversion reaction was limited by end product inhibition and by acetaldehyde holdup within the yeast cells.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260310108
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  • 123
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Limitation of growth rate by two complementary nutrients: Some elementary but neglected considerations (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 31 (1988), S. 75-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Experimental data in the literature show that the yield of biomass from a particular nutrient when that nutrient limits growth rate is often significantly different than the yield from the nutrient when some complementary nutrient limits growth rate. This article explores some possible consequences for bioreactor dynamics of dependence of yield coefficients on the identity of the nutrient that limits growth rate.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260310112
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  • 124
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 31 (1988) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260310201
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  • 125
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Concentration step determination of diffusion and partition coefficients of ferrocyanide for membrane-coated rotating-disk electrode (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 31 (1988), S. 179-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260310212
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    Dynamics of continuous stirred-tank biochemical reactor utilizing inhibitory substrate (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 31 (1988), S. 198-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The model of a continuous-stirred tank biochemical reactor was developed in which the instant uptake rate of substrate was used. The solutions of the model found for the oxidation of phenol by Pseudomonas putida fitted the experimental data better than the results obtained from the models cited in the literature. The model enables control of the culture parameters so that the unwanted washout of the biomass from the bioreactor can be avoided. A review of the models cited in the literature is also presented.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260310303
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  • 127
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    Coaggregate of trypsin and chymotrypsin (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 31 (1988), S. 220-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The method of chemical aggregation of enzymes has the advantage of yielding an immobilized enzyme preparation wherein reactor volume can be significantly reduced because of the absence of an inert carrier. A coaggregate of trypsin and chymotrypsin formed by extensive cross-linking with glutaraldehyde is described. A significant property of this aggregate is the reduced autolysis of the trypsin component of the coaggregate.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260310307
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  • 128
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    Modeling and analysis of elution stage of biospecific adsorption in finite bath (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 31 (1988), S. 240-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A model is developed and used to predict the dynamic behavior of the elution stage of biospecific adsorption (affinity chromatography) in a finite bath. Both nonselective and selective elution of monovalent adsorbates is considered. The model expressions account for film and pore diffusion resistances for the adsorbate(s) and the eluent, and various rate expressions for the desorption of the adsorbate from the adsorbate-ligand complex are constructed and studied. The results indicate that the duration of the elution stage depends significantly on the Sherwood number of the adsorbate and the rate of the interaction step between the ligand and the adsorbate relative to the diffusion of the adsorbate in the pore during elution. In nonselective elution, when the value of the effective pore diffusivity of the eluent is significantly larger than that of the adsorbate, the results suggest that it would be advantageous to use an initial eluent concentration in the finite bath that is only slightly higher than the critical eluent concentration in order to minimize the risk of product and ligand damage. In selective elution the amount of adsorbate recovered in the elution stage is greatly influenced by the initial concentration of the eluent and the equilibrium dissociation constants of the adsorbate-ligand and adsorbate-eluent complexes.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260310310
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  • 129
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    Masthead (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 31 (1988) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260310401
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  • 130
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    A segregated model of recombinant multicopy plasmid propagation (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 31 (1988), S. 304-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A segregated model of multicopy plasmid propagation has been formulated which incorporates plasmid replication and partition functions, as well as the effect of plasmid presence on host growth rate. Growth of plasmid-free cells in selective medium is explicitly analyzed. The model parameters can be determined from experimentally measurable quantities. Propagation of a recombinant multicopy plasmid in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is analyzed using this model.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260310405
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  • 131
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    Kinetics and mathematical modeling of homoacetic fermentation of lactate by Clostridium formicoaceticum (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 797-802 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Fermentation kinetics of Clostridium formicoaceticum grown on lactate at pH 7.0 and 35°C was studied. Acetate was the only fermentation product and its production was growth associated. The growth of this bacterium was insensitive to the lactate concentrations studied, but was inhibited by acetic acid. A Monod-type expression with product inhibition similar to the noncompetitive inhibition of enzyme kinetics was used to model the batch fermentation. An integrated equation was developed and used to help estimating the kinetic parameters in the model. This mathematical model can be used to simulate the homoacetic fermentation of lactate by C. formicoaceticum at pH 7.0 and 35°C.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320611
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  • 132
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    Substrate and energy costs of the production of exocellular enzymes by Bacillus licheniformis (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 803-812 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Substrate and energy costs of the production of exocellular enzymes from glucose and citrate by B. Iicheniformis S1684 as well as molar growth yields corrected for these costs of product formation were calculated using data from chemostat experiments. The calculations showed that 1.46-1.73 mol glucose and 2.31-2.77 mol citrate are needed for formation and excretion of 1 mol protein. Consequently, the values of the maximal product yield from substrate (Ypsm' g/mol) are 80 〈 Ypsm 〈 95 when product is formed from glucose and 50 〈 Ypsm 〈 60 when product is formed from citrate. The higher substrate costs for product formation from citrate are due to a higher level of CO2 production during protein formation and a higher substrate requirement for the energy supply of product formation and excretion than when product is formed from glucose. The theoretical ATP requirement for protein synthesis could be determined reasonably well, but the energy costs of protein excretion could not be determined exactly. The energy costs of protein formation are higher than those of biomass formation or protein excretion. Molar growth yields corrected for the substrate costs of product formation were high, indicating a high efficiency of growth.Growth and production parameters were determined as well from experimental data of recycling fermentor experiments using a parameter optimization procedure based on a mathematical model describing biomass growth as a linear function of the substrate consumption rate and the rate of product formation as a linear function of biomass growth rate. The fitting procedure yielded two growth and production domains during glucose limitation. In the first domain the values for the maximal growth yield and maintenance coefficient were in agreement with those found in chemostat experiments at corresponding values of Yspm. Domain 2 could be described best with linear growth and product formation. In domain 2 the rate of product formation decreased and more substrate became available for biomass formation. As a consequence the specific growth rate increased in the shift from domain 1 to 2. Domain 2 behavior most probably is caused by the rel-status of B. Iicheniformis S1684.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320612
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  • 133
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    Adsorption of Trichoderma reesei cellulase on cellulose: Experimental data and their analysis by different equations (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 853-865 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The adsorption of cellulase from Trichoderma reesei MCG 77 on Avicel was measured at varying cellulase (2-8 g/L) and Avicel (10-200 g/L) concentrations at pH 4.8 and 50°C. Different mathematical equations were derived for the evaluation of the experimental data. The fraction of cellulase protein that can maximally be adsorbed is 0.96, and 1 g Avicel can bind maximally 0.092 g cellulase protein. The Michaelis constant for the adsorption equilibrium [cellulase] + [Avicel] ⇌ [cellulase Avicel] complex is between 2.0 and 2.3 · 10-5 mol/L. This value is based on the assumption that cellulase has an average molecular weight of 48.000. The apparent molecular weight of Avicel, i.e., that amount in grams that can bind 1 mol cellulase, is 520,000. Under maximum binding the enzyme covers on Avicel a surface of 42 m2/g, and the occupied volume is 0.186 cm3/g Avicel.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320703
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  • 134
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    Microalgae production: Technical and economic evaluations (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 873-885 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A review of the various literature data for large-scale algae production costs is described. Costs were updated and recomputed in order to compare the different schemes. Total production costs of a nonprocessed biomass range from US$0.15 to US$4.0 kg-1, according to various authors. Process performance hypotheses and proposed technologies are analyzed to explain these variations. A cost analysis for a tubular bioreactor system is then presented that shows that, assuming a productivity of 60 tons/ha yr, production costs would range from FF24 to FF29 kg-1 for such a system. Operating costs as well as fixed charges account for approximately 50% of the cost. Parametric sensitivity of these costs is then analyzed: If productivity would be 30, 45, or 90 tons/ha yr, total cost would be around FF48, FF33 and FF19 kg-1. Advantages and disadvantages of the proposed tubular technology are finally discussed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320705
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  • 135
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    Acyl group transfer by proteases forming acyl-enzyme intermediate: Kinetic model analysis (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 866-872 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A kinetic model of peptide synthesis via transfer of the acyl moiety from activated derivatives of amino acids (S) to nucleophiles (N) catalyzed by proteases forming an acyl-enzyme intermediate has been analyzed. The kinetic model takes into account the subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis of synthesized peptide (P), and so the kinetic curve for this compound shows a maximum (denoted as pmax). Particular stress is placed on analyzing the effects of initial concentrations and of kinetic constants on the value of pmax.The analysis has demonstrated that at a given ratio of initial S and N concentrations, pmax is affected only by (i) the ratio of the second-order rate constants for enzymatic hydrolysis of S and P(α) and (ii) the ratio of rate constants for an attack of the acyl-enzyme intermediate by the nucleophile and water (β). These conclusions apply regardless of the existence of linear inhibition by the components of the reaction mixture. Thus, the kinetically controlled maximum yield of peptide (pmax) can be calculated a priori from values of α and β that can be estimated experimentally or from reference data. Simple analytical expressions were obtained, allowing a fairly accurate prediction of pmax for a broad spectrum of S and N initial concentrations.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320704
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  • 136
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    Influence of the water activity of a solid substrate on the growth rate and sporogenesis of filamentous fungi (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 31 (1988), S. 457-463 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The water activity (aw) of substrates has been related to the mycelial growth and the sporogenesis of two molds. In the absence of other limiting factors, optimal aw values were determined for growth and sporogenesis as 0.99 and 0.98, respectively, for Trichoderma viride TS and 0.97 and 0.96 for Penicillium roqueforti. In all cases, the accuracy of the optimal value would justify the regulation of this parameter. A model was proposed which establishes a relationship between the mycelial growth and the water activity value of the substrate.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260310510
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  • 137
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    Aerobic degradation of cellulose and adsorption properties of cellulases in cellulomonas Uda JC3: Effects of crystallinity of substrate (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 31 (1988), S. 495-501 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260310515
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  • 138
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    Production of microbial biomass protein from autotrophic fermentation of hydrogen sulfide (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 408-409 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320324
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  • 139
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    Limited modifications of soya proteins by immobilized subtilisin: Comparison of products from different reactor types (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 475-481 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A comparison of different immobilized enzyme reactors has been made for the limited modification of soya storage proteins and the products compared with those from action of the soluble enzyme. Clarified total water extracts of soya protein were subjected to the action of subtilisin in a soluble and immobilized form. The sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) electrophoresis patterns of soya proteins modified by enzyme in the two forms differed for unbuffered soya protein at the same pH of 8.0. However, identical patterns could be obtained by a downward adjustment of the pH of soya protein treated with immobilized enzyme. The same SDS electrophoresis pattern could be obtained for a packed column of immobilized enzyme and a well-mixed vessel by buffering. Operation of the column reactor at higher superficial linear velocities (above 1.47 cm/min), higher protein concentrations (8.8% w/v), and prolonged periods (24 h) led to a bed compression attributed to the protein coating of the support.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320410
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  • 140
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    Dearomatization of lignin derivatives by fungal protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase immobilized on porosity glass (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 507-511 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase (see protocatechuate: oxygen 3,4-oxidoreductase, EC 1.13.11.3) was isolated from the mycelium of Pleurotus ostreatus (induced with p-hydroxybenzoic acid) and immobilized on controlled porosity glass beads. Four fractions of Na-lignosulfonates (varying in Mr, after chromatography on Sephadex G-50) were treated with the immobilized enzyme. The products after incubation showed the same Mr as the untreated fractions, but their light absorption at 280 nm considerably decreased. These studies indicate that dioxygenase causes partial dearomatization of lignin macromolecule.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320413
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  • 141
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    Serum-free media in hybridoma culture and monoclonal antibody production (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 1015-1028 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The replacement of serum in hybridoma cultures is considered. The focus is on the effects of serum-free media on hybridoma growth and monoclonal antibody secretion. Comparative literature data with serum supplemented cultures are discussed with an analysis of serum-free formulations and selection rules for the serum-free ingredients. In general, serum-free media which are “lipid rich” can sustain cell growth rates approaching that of serum supplemented cultures. Specific antibody secretion rate, however, is usually higher in serum-free media, irrespective of the lipid content.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320809
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  • 142
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    Improved performance in viscous mycelial fermentations by agitator retrofitting (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 31 (1988), S. 737-742 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: For viscous mycelial fermentations it was demonstrated at the pilot-plant scale that the replacement of standard radial flow Rushton turbines with larger diameter axial-flow Prochem hydrofoil impellers significantly improved oxygen transfer efficiency. It was also determined that the Streptomyces broth under evaluation is highly shear thinning. Separate experiments using a Norcardia broth with similar Theological properties demonstrated that the oxygen transfer coefficient, KLa, can be greatly increased by use of water additions to reduce broth viscosity. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that the improvement in oxygen transfer by changing agitator types is primarily due to an improvement in bulk mixing. A model is presented, based on the concepts of Bajpai and Reuss, which explains this improvement in performance in terms of enlargement of the well mixed micromixer region for viscous mycelial broths.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260310717
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  • 143
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    Protein enrichment of sweet potato residue with amylolytic yeasts by solid-state fermentation (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 886-890 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Starchy agricultural wastes were inoculated with amylolytic yeasts for protein enrichment by solid-state fermentation. The moisture content of substrate was 65-69%, and water activity was equivalent to 0.98-0.99. The optimum conditions for protein enrichment were initial moisture content 65%, initial pH 4.5, a 1:1 mixture of ammonium sulfate and urea was incrementally added to the ferment with 1% added at zero time, 1% added at 24 h, and 0.5% added at 48 h, and incubation with amylolytic yeasts (1.0 × 1010/100 g substrate) at 30°C for 2-3 days. The final product contained 16.11-20.82% protein.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320706
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  • 144
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    Immobilization of oxydoreductases on inorganic supports based on alumina: The role of mutual correspondence of enzyme-support hydrophobic-hydrophilic characters (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 916-919 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320711
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  • 145
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    Performance of membrane fixed biocatalyst reactors. I: Membrane reactor systems and modelling (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 31 (1988), S. 913-921 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Enzymatic membrane reactors are discussed according to the state of biocatalyst and driving force of reaction. Particular attention is given to the Capillary Membrane Fixed Enzyme Reactor (CAMFER) for its favorable characteristics. It is shown that, for a practical range of operation conditions, both kinetic and mass transfer effects must be considered simultaneously. Three modes of operation were investigated in detail using enzymatic lactose hydrolysis as a model reaction: Diffusional reactor, Recycle reactor, and Backflush reactor. In the comparison, superior performance of the CAMFER in diffusional mode was clearly demonstrated.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260310904
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  • 146
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    Adaptive optimization of a continuous culture with the use of a bilevel forgetting factor (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 31 (1988), S. 944-957 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An adaptive optimization algorithm using a dynamic identification scheme with a bilevel forgetting factor (BFF) has been developed. The simulation results show superiority of this method to other methods when applied to maximize the cellular productivity of a continuous culture of baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerievisiae. Within the limited ranges of tuning parameters tested the BFF algorithm is found to be superior in terms of initial optimization speed and accuracy and reoptimization speed and accuracy when there is an external change and long term stability (removal of “blowing up” phenomena). Algorithms tested include those based on a constant forgetting factor, an adaptive variable forgetting factor (VFF) and moving window (MW) identification.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260310907
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  • 147
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    Protein precipitate recovery using microporous membranes (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 31 (1988), S. 984-994 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The use of microporous membranes has been examined for the recovery of precipitated protein suspensions and related soluble protein. Membrane flux rates and soluble protein transmissions are reported for unstirred batch-cell studies and cross-flow experiments. The unstirred batch-cell gave soluble protein transmissions in the range 80-100% for feeds containing either soluble protein or a mix of soluble and isoelectrically precipitated protein. In all cases a sharp decline in flux was observed which was, for example, considerably greater for soluble protein at its isoelectric point, pH 4.6, than at pH 8.8. The presence of precipitated protein led to a further decrease in flux rate. In cross-flow studies, flux decline was eventually accompanied by a significant decline in soluble protein transmission. The flux protein-transmission characteristics of microporous membranes are discussed in terms of the interaction of the soluble and precipitated protein with the membrane.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260310911
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  • 148
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    Simultaneous measurements of oxygen diffusion coefficients and solubilities in fermentation media with polarographic oxygen electrodes (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 31 (1988), S. 995-1005 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A membrane-covered oxygen electrode was used to measure oxygen diffusion coefficients and solubilities in aqueous glucose solutions and various fermentation media following a newly developed methodology. The fermentation media studied were tryptic soy broth and those for fermentations of Penicillium chrysogenum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Micrococcus glutamicus. The experimental results of oxygen diffusion coefficients and solubilities in glucose solutions were in good accord with the literature data. As for the fermentation media, both oxygen diffusion coefficients and solubilities were found to decrease with an increased fractional composition of these media, and log-additive behaviors of the oxygen diffusion coefficients and solubilities in fermentation media were observed.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260310912
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  • 149
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    Defined bacterial culture development for methane generation from lactose (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 28-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The defined microbial cultures for methane generation from lactose were investigated. A mixed culture consisting of homolactic (Streptococcus lactis), homoacetic (Clostridium formicoaceticum), and acetate-utilizing methanogenic (Methanococcus mazei) bacteria was used to convert lactose and whey permeate to methane at mesophilic temperatures (35-37°C) and a pH around 7.0. Lactose was first converted to lactic acid by S. lactis, then to acetic acid by C. formicoaceticum, and finally to methane and CO2 by M. mazei. About 5.3 mol methane were obtained from each mole of lactose consumed, and the conversion of acetate to methane was the rate-limiting step for this mixed-culture fermentation.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320106
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  • 150
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    A model of enzyme adsorption and hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose with slow deactivation of the adsorbed enzyme (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 38-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Reduction in the activity and the concentration of the adsorbed enzyme are noted in the experimental data. Two alternative mechanisms, inactivation of the adsorbed enzyme and mass transfer of the enzyme from the bulk solution to the solution within the cellulose fibril where the cellulase is assumed to be inactive, are used to represent the decline in activity. The decline in concentration of the adsorbed enzyme is represented by a modest product inhibition and, more importantly, the assumption that the concentration of the adsorption sites is proportional to the square of the remaining substrate concentration. Measurements of both adsorbed enzyme and product concentration over time are used in determining parameter values. The model is applied to a series of experiments having a 10-fold range of substrate concentration and to an experiment in which the product is removed continuously. For both deactivation mechanisms, a very good representation of product concentration (standard deviation 3.6%) is obtained over the full period (168 h) of hydrolysis; the representation of adsorbed enzyme is, however, less accurate (standard deviation 6.7-6.8%).
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320107
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  • 151
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    Correlation of cell volume fractions with cell concentrations in fermentation media (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 95-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Cell volume fractions and cell concentrations were measured in submerged cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Escherichia coli, and Penicillium chrysogenum. Correlations for cell volume fractions with cell concentrations in fermentation media of the microorganisms were established accordingly. Other key properties of microorganisms, such as cell water content, wet cell density, and dry cell density, can also be obtained with the use of the current method. The results are in good agreement with data available in the literature.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320113
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  • 152
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    Enzymatic production of ethanol from cellulose using soluble cellulose acetate as an intermediate (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 117-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320117
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  • 153
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    Fermentation of single and mixed substrates by the parent and an acid-tolerant, mutant strain of Clostridium Thermoaceticum (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 444-450 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Growth of the parent and acid-tolerant mutant strains of Clostridiurn thermoaceticum was examined on a variety of substrates and mixtures of substrates. Nondiauxic growth was noted for both strains on combinations of carbohydrates, organic acids, or a carbohydrate and an organic acid. The mutant strain was able to grow on DL-lactate as sole energy source. The parent strain would not grow on lactate as sole energy source but consumed lactate when presented with a second fermentable substrate. Neither strain would grow on formate as sole energy source, but both consumed formate when presented with a second fermentable substrate.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320406
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  • 154
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    Mathematical descriptions of hybridoma culture kinetics: I. Initial metabolic rates (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 491-506 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The lack of quantitative descriptions of mammalian culture kinetics limits the ability to optimally design and control cell culture bioreactors. This limitation is ad dressed by developing mathematical equations relating the initial growth rate and the antibody productivity of the hybridoma cell line, CRL-1606, to its environmental state. This initial rate approach, in contrast with steady state analysis of chemostat cultures, approximates steady state behavior, since the rates were measured over brief time intervals and at low cell concentrations (〈 50,000 cells/mL). The advantage of this approach is that it is much faster than the chemostat approach.An equation for the growth rate was developed that superimpoed Monod equations in serum and glutamine with “noncompetitive” -type inhibition constants were inversely proportional to the lactate and ammonium concentrations. The Monod constant is critical for relating initial, low cell level culture states to other states.Lactate was found to be the only environmental parameter that significantly inhibited antifibronectin monoclonal antibody production by the CRL-1606 hybridimas. Volumetric productivity was strictly related to culture viability, which was observed to decline at growth rates below 0.02h-1. Lactate was also found to significantly inhibit ammonium production.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320412
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  • 155
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    Production of penicillin in a fluidized-bed bioreactor: Control of cell growth and penicillin production by phosphate limitation (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 569-573 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320421
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  • 156
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    Molecular regulation of methanol oxidase activity in continuous cultures of Hansenula polymorpha (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 577-583 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The regulation of methanol oxidase (MOX) in Hansenula polymorpha has been studied in continuous cultures using a mixture of glucose and methanol (4:1 w/w) as carbon source. The study focused on the identification of stages in the biosynthesis affecting the formation of active MOX in glucose-methanol-grown cells. The levels of MOX mRNA, MOX protein in monomeric and octameric from, the ratio FAD/MOX, and the actual MOX activity have been quantified as functions of the dilution rate D. Hybridization studies with MOX mRNA probes showed an induction of MOX mRNA formation up to D = 0.29 h-1. The induction of MOX protein synthesis (up to 37% of the cellular protein) is determined at low D values on the transcriptional level. The MOX activity at high D values is tuned by FAD incorporation and (post-) translation. Despite the high levels of MOX mRNA, decreasing levels of MOX activity and MOX protein were found at D values ranging from 0.14 t 0.29 h-1. The maximal ratio FAD/MOX(6) was determined at D = 0.1 h-1, which correlated with the maximal specific activity of MOX. In glucose-methanol media both protein level and MOX activity are repressed by increasing levels of residual glucose at high D values.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320502
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  • 157
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    Biospecific adsorption in fixed and periodic countercurrent beds (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 616-627 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A mathematical model that describes the adsorption and wash stages of biospecific adsorption (affinity chromatography) in a packed column is presented. The model expressions account for film and pre diffusion mass transfer as well as for different mechanisms of interaction between the adsorbate(s) and the ligand. The model equations may be applicable to single and multi-component biospecific adsorption systems involving both monovalent and multivalent adsorbates.The results obtained from model simulations show that the breakthrough time of the adsorbate is significantly influenced by the rate of the interaction step between the adsorbate and the ligand. The results indicate that when short beds are employed, then the choice of ligand with respect to its rate of interaction with the adsorbate may be of paramount importance. In certain systems involving bivalent adsorbates, the adsorbate may be displaced from the one-site complex, reenter the flowing fluid stream, and increase the effluent adsorbate concentration above its inlet value. It is also shown that when a single column is divided into two beds operating in a periodic counter current mode, the ligand utilization can be almost four times higher than that obtained in a column of the same length operating in the fixed bed mode.The studies on the wash stage indicate that the reduction of the concentration of the contaminant to a specified low level may be accomplished for certain systems in a shorter time, if the direction of flow in the wash stage is opposite to that used in the adsorption stage. However, a larger amount of product will be lost, in general, when the direction of flow of the washing medium is opposite to that employed during the adsorption stage.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320506
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  • 158
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    Batch kinetics of microbial polysaccharide biosynthesis (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 639-646 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A modified form of logistic equation has been proposed to quantity the batch kinetics of microbial growth during the biosynthesis of extra- and intracellular polymers. Based on the experimental data developed in this study, the proposed model appeared to provide adequate growth and fermentation kinetics of Aureobasidium pullulans. The model was also applicable for representing the reported data on pullulan, xanthan, and poly-β-hydroxybutyricacid. In comparison to the logistic and Monod kinetics, this model fitted the data better and more accurately described the overall fermentation, both concentrations and fermentation time.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320508
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  • 159
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    Properties of invertase immobilized on the poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) hollow fiber membrane (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 664-668 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Invertase was ionically immobilized on the poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) hollow fiber inside surface, which was aminoacetalized with 2-dimethylaminoacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal. Immobilization and enzyme reaction were carried out by letting the respective solutions pass or circulate through the inside of the hollow fiber, and the activity of invertase was determined by the amount of glucose produced enzymatically from sucrose. Immobilization conditions were examined with respect to the enzyme concentration and to the time, and consequently the preferable conditions at room temperature were found to be 5 μg/mL of enzyme concentration and 4 h of immobilization time. Under those conditions the immobilization yield and the ratio of the activity of the immobilized invertase to that of the native one were 89 and 80%, respectively. For both repeating and continuous usages, the activity fell to ca. 60% of the initial activity in the early stage and after that almost kept that value. The apparent Michaelis constant Km′ for the immobilized invertase decreased with increasing the flow rate of the substrate solution, to be close to the value for the native one. Furthermore, the possibility of the separation of the enzymatically formed glucose from the reaction mixture through the hollow fiber membrane was preliminarily examined.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320511
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  • 160
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    Effect of pore size in substrate and diffusion of enzyme on hydrolysis of cellulosic materials with cellulases (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 698-706 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effect of cellulase size on hydrolysis was studied by comparing the behavior of crosslinked cellulase (CC) with normal cellulase (FC). The average molecular weight of the CC was at least three times the molecular weight of the FC. The amounts of each enzyme were adjusted so that the degree of solubilization after 2 h was the same. The degree of solubilization of Avicel with CC was higher than that with FC in the late stage of reaction. The degree of solubilization of pretreated lignocelluloses was much greater than that of Avicel, but the degree of solubilization with CC was lower than that with FC at all times during the reaction. The degree of solubilization of artificial lignified Avicel was higher with FC than with CC, but the degree of solubilization of de-lignified the artificial lignified Avicel was lower with FC than with CC. The degree of solubilization of amorphous celloulose with FC was the same as that with CC at all times during the reaction. These behaviors are examined by the hypothesis that when small pores dominate, the smaller enzyme components diffuse into the pores and become inactive since synergism with the larger components is no longer possible, whereas, when larger pores dominate, the entire enzyme can diffuse in and therefore the available surface area is increased. This hypothesis is supported by direct measurement of the pore size in two of the substrates and by diffusion inside Avicel of only smaller molecular cellulase component.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320515
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  • 161
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    Application of metabolic pathway stoichiometry to statistical analysis of bioreactor measurement data (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 713-715 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320517
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  • 162
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    Masthead (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320601
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  • 163
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    Anaerobic digestion of cellulose fraction of domestic refuse by means of rumen microorganisms (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 749-755 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The anaerobic digestion of a cellulose-enriched fraction of domestic refuse by means of rumen microorganisms in an “artificial rumen” digester was studied. Various combinations of solid and liquid retention times and loading rates were applied to establish optimum conditions for the acidogenic phase digestion of the refuse fraction. An optimal substrate conversion of about 72% was obtained at a loading rate of 23.4 g volatile solids (VS)/L d and a solids retention time of 90 h. Variation of dilution rate between 1.04 and 3.14 fermentor volume turnovers per day had no effect on degradation efficiency. At a loading rate of 23.4 g VS/L d a differential removal rate of solids and liquids appeared to be necessary to obtain an effective degradation of the refuse fraction.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320604
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  • 164
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    Lipase-catalyzed oil hydrolysis in the absence of added emulsifier (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 31 (1988), S. 628-633 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260310618
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  • 165
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    Enzyme hydrolysis of plasma proteins in a CSTR ultrafiltration reactor: Performances and modeling (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 31 (1988), S. 650-658 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: By investigating the effects of four operating variables - volume (V), Ultrafiltration flux (J), enzyme concentration (E), and substrate concentration (S) - on capacity (K) and conversion rate (ε) of a hollow fiber CSTR, the performances of the CSTR and the kinetic constants of the reaction were determined. A model which takes into account the course of fractional conversion (X) according to the modified space-time parameter, τ (integrated form of V, J, S, and E), was devised by employing the relationship to integrate the equation for the reaction rate of the CSTR and the expression of the modified space time. Correlation of this model and the experimentally obtained results demonstrates that the characteristics for an ultrafiltration membrane reactor for enzymatic hydrolysis by alcalase of plasma proteins are close to those of an ideal CSTR. Optimal scaling up, however, remains dependent on the compromise which may be obtained between capacity and the conversion rate.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260310704
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  • 166
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    Activated sludge systems with biomass particle support structures (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 31 (1988), S. 682-695 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A mathematical model was developed to simulate the operation of an activated sludge system with biomass support particles. Based on the results of this simulation study, it would appear that a system with biomass particle supports offers several advantages not offered by conventional systems. These include the ability to resist failure from large hydraulic surges; stable nitrification under transient inhibitory conditions resulting from temperature changes, hydraulic surges, and/or toxic chemicals; and the ability to establish stable operating conditions with respect to both carbon oxidation and nitrification at short hydraulic retention times and low sludge ages.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260310709
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  • 167
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    On the optimal control of fed-batch reactors with substrate-inhibited kinetics (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 31 (1988), S. 670-674 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The optimal feed rate profiles, for fed-batch fermentation that maximizes the biomass production and accounts for time, are analyzed. The solution can be found only if the final arc of the optimal control is a batch arc, since in this case the final concentrations of substrate and biomass can be determined by ulterior conditions on the mass balance and on the final growth rate of biomass and thus it is possible to solve the resulting time optimal problem by using Green's theorem. This evidences the “turnpike property” of the solution, which tries to spend the maximum time on or at least near the singular arc along which the substrate concentration is maintained constant. The optimality of the final batch arc is related to the time operational cost in the performance index. The sequence of the control depends on the initial conditions for which six different regions, with the respective patterns, have been identified, in case the performance index allows the control sequence to have a final batch.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260310707
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  • 168
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    Determination of intrinsic parameters for immobilization reactions of catalase and amyloglucosidase in porous glass supports (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 31 (1988), S. 730-736 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Experiments have been carried out for immobilizing enzyme-catalase and amyloglucosidase in controlled-pore glass particles of two different pore sizes. The experimental results have been analyzed, initial-stage analysis for the rate parameters of immobilization reactions and long-time analysis for determining the evolution of the immobilization process. These investigations suggest that the overall process of immobilization is controlled by the restricted diffusion of enzymes into the pores of the support. As a result, immobilized enzyme (IME) can penetrate only up to a certain distance into the support. The penetration depth of IME for the support-enzyme system mentioned have been evaluated from the experimental bulk enzyme concentration data in a batch recirculation reactor.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260310716
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  • 169
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    Effect of hyperbaric oxygen and carbon dioxide on heterotrophic growth of the extreme thermophile Sulfolobus acidocaldarius (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 31 (1988), S. 750-754 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260310720
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  • 170
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    Comparison of free and immobilized Pichia pastoris cells for conversion of ethanol to acetaldehydeIssued as NRC No. 27470. (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 31 (1988), S. 790-795 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Free and immobilized cells of Pichia pastoris were used to convert ethanol to acetaldehyde in small-scale batch reactors. Immobilized cells were less active than free cells (Vmax free = 7.81 g/L h, Vmax immobilized = 3.17 g/L h) due to a number of factors including end product inhibition and diffusional limitations. Immobilized cells were more resistant to heat denaturation both in the presence and absence of ethanol. Immobilized cells retained more of their activity during repeated batch cycles than did free cells.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260310805
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  • 171
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    Immobilization of E. coli β-galactosidase and its derivatives by polyacrylamide gel (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 31 (1988), S. 829-833 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: We have recently prepared some crosslinked derivatives of Escherichia coli β-galactosidase by treating the enzyme with bisimidoesters. In this article, we report the results obtained when the native and these crosslinked derivatives are entrapped in polyacrylamide gel lattice. It was found that use of combination of three protective agents, viz., bovine serum albumin, cysteine, and lactose, during immobilization gave an increased yield of 190% in the case of DMA crosslinked preparation. In the case of native enzyme, the Km, pH optimum, and temperature optimum were found to remain unchanged on immobilization. The DMA crosslinked preparation entrapped in polyacrylamide in the presence of BSA, lactose, and cysteine was found to be a significantly better catalyst and hydrolyzed 47% milk lactose as compared to 31% hydrolysis by entrapped native enzyme in 6 h.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260310810
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  • 172
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    A thermodynamic model for two-phase aqueous polymer systems (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 1158-1164 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320909
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  • 173
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    Production of catalytic cells for formaldehyde production and alcohol oxidase by a catabolite repression-insensitive mutant of a methanol yeast Candida boidinii A5A catabolite repression-insensitive mutant of candida boidinii A5, strain ADU-15, was investigated as to alcohol. (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 1165-1169 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A catabolite repression-insensitive mutant of Candida boidinii A5, strain ADU-15, was investigated as to alcohol oxidase production and the production of cells exhibiting the maximum catalytic activity for formaldehyde production. The mutant strain ADU-15 showed higher cell productivity and higher alcohol oxidase activity when grown on mixed substrates (glucose-methanol), especially with a high concentration of glucose in the medium. Thus, even under substrate (glucose-methanol)-limited chemostat conditions, where the glucose concentration was low, partial derepression of alcohol oxidase by glucose in mutant strain ADU-15 was detected. The chemostat culture conditions with the glucose-methanol medium were optimized for alcohol oxidase production and the production of cells exhibiting the maximum catalytic activity for formaldehyde production, respectively. By means of chemostat culturing on mixed substrates, we improved the alcohol oxidase productivity 5.0-fold and the productivity of cells exhibiting the maximum catalytic activity for formaldehyde production 3.8-fold, in comparison with the parent strain chemostat cultured with methanol as the single substrate.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320910
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  • 174
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    Fluorescence sensing of fermentation parameters using fiber optics (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 55-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A method has been developed for measuring fermentation parameters such as dissolved oxygen, pH, and cell density that differs from traditional techniques that require electrodes and off-line samples. Fluorescent indicators, each sensitive to a single variable, are dissolved directly into a fermentation broth. A fiber-optic probe fluorimeter measures the fluorescence intensities that can then be correlated with parameter values. In addition, an integrated scatter scanning technique can be used to monitor cell density in situ. Results have been obtained using simulated baker's yeast broth and during actual baker's yeast fermentations.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320109
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  • 175
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    The effective diffusive permeability of a nonreacting solute in microbial cell aggregates (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 68-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Aggregates of Escherichia coli confined within hollowfiber reactors were either formed in place by culturing cells within the reactors, or were prepared by injecting a cell suspension that had been concentrated by centrifugation. The effective diffusive permeability of an uncharged nonreacting tracer, nitrous oxide, within the cell aggregates was calculated from measurements of the tracer flux through the aggregates. Estimates of the hydraulic permeability were also obtained for the aggregates that were grown in place. The effective diffusive permeability was found to decrease with increasing cell volume fraction to a value, for aggregates comprising 95% cells, of ca. 30% that obtained for cell-free buffer solution. The dependence on the cell volume fraction was described adequately by the well-known HashinShtrikman bounds for a two-phase medium. The transport properties of aggregates cultivated in place were not significantly different from those of aggregates prepared by centrifugation. Furthermore, the effective diffusive permeabilities of the tracer in aggregates prepared from cells treated with detergent or disrupted by dehydration and grinding differed only slightly from the values obtained for aggregates formed from untreated cells. The results suggest that the method of formation of the cell aggregate and the details of the structure of the cells have little influence on the effective diffusive permeability. These findings should be applicable to the transport of other small uncharged solutes, such as oxygen, that can diffuse through cells. The hydraulic permeability estimates for the aggregates cultured in place were several orders of magnitude larger than the values predicted by a theory formulated with the assumption that the cells are impervious to flow and homogeneously distributed within the aggregates. Two possible reasons for this discrepancy are, first, that there is some flow through the cells themselves, and second, that the cells may form discrete clusters separated by relatively open regions.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320111
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  • 176
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    Masthead (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320201
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  • 177
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    Optimization of microalgal production in a shallow outdoor flume (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 140-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The marine diatom Cyclotella cryptica was grown over a period of 13 months in a 48-m2 shallow outdoor flume. The use of foil arrays at intervals of 1.2 m to effect systematic vertical mixing in the flume was found to significantly enhance microalgal production (p = 0.006). Average photosynthetic efficiencies (based on visible irradiance) with and without the foil arrays in place were 9.6 ± 0.8 and 7.5 ± 0.5% (±95% confidence intervals), respectively. A cost-benefit analysis indicated that the foil arrays were cost-effective if the value of the algae exceeded about $2.28 kg1 of ash-free dry weight (AFDW). Parallel experiments performed in four 9.2-m2 flumes showed that production was maximized when the cells were grown on a 2-day batch cycle between harvests rather than on a 1- or 3-day batch cycle. The optimum initial concentration (immediately after harvesting) of the algae was negatively correlated with the time interval between harvests and ranged from approximately 39 g AFDW/m3 on a 3-day cycle to 213 g AFDW/m3 on a 1-day cycle. The increase in production resulting from growth on a 2-day rather than a 1-day batch cycle was about 19% and was statistically significant at p = 0.0003. Growth of C. cryptica over a total period of 122 days during the 13-month study in the 48-m2 flume under near-optimal conditions (2-day batch cycle, initial concentration 155 g AFDW/m3) resulted in an average production rate (±95% confidence interval) of 29.7 ± 2.7 g AFDW/m2 d.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320204
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  • 178
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    Design and mathematical description of differential contactors used in extractive fermentations (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 192-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The performance of differential contactors for use in extractive fermentation is complicated by the effects of product formation in the contactor. When product formation is significant, approximate analytical solutions are presented for the performance of the contactor for two limiting cases: high and low substrate concentrations. When products are formed at a constant rate, there is a minimum raffinate solute concentration that can be obtained, in contrast to the behavior of a column in the absence of product formation. General equations describing the behavior of the system for product formation with backmixing in both phases are presented. The case of a stripping factor not equal to unity is considered.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320209
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  • 179
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    Immobilization and kinetics of lactate dehydrogenase at a rotating nylon disk (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 213-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was covalently attached to an impervious nylon surface by an improved technique. The procedure allowed the kinetics of the rotating enzyme disk reactor to be successfully explored. This enzyme-disk configuration has potential applications in assays for lactic acid or pyruvic acid in fluids of biological importance (e.g., urine). In order to evaluate and understand the physics and chemistry underlying the kinetics of the heterogeneous biocatalyst, a mathematical model based on the von Karman-Levich theories of rotating electrodes, was developed. It applied well to LDH attached to a disk, under variable NADH concentrations and fixed pyruvic acid. The new theory, leads to the conclusion that the apparent Michaelis constant Km(app), varies linearly with f-1/2, where f is the speed of rotation of the disk. Extrapolation of f-1/2 to zero gives the Michaelis-Menten constant, Km, corresponding to the diffusion-free behavior. With immobilized LDH, the diffusion-free Km for NADH obtained at 25°C, in phosphate buffer (pH 7.5) using the extrapolation method was 84 μM. This value was in good agreement with the previously published value of 87 μM, obtained with LDH attached to the inner surface of a nylon tubing. However, when compared to the Km for a free enzyme system, the 84 μM was about nine times larger, indicating an inherent reduction in the activity of the bound LDH. Since, at extrapolated infinite rotation speeds, diffusion effects were assumed eliminated, the drop in the activity was thought to be due to sterric hinderances imposed on the substrate NADH as a result of having LDH bound to another polymer.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320211
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  • 180
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    Production of protein by thermophilic fungi from sugar-beet pulp in solid-state fermentation (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 255-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320218
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  • 181
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    Preparation of polyelectrolyte-coated pH-sensitive poly(styrene) microcapsules and their application to initiation-cessation control of an enzyme reaction (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 289-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Poly(styrene) microcapsules, prepared by depositing the polymer around emulsified aqueous droplets, were coated with a synthesized polyelectrolyte; i.e., copolymer of maleic acid (MA) with methyl vinyl ether (MVE), co-poly(MA, MVE), or with styrene (St), copoly(Ma, St). The permeability of the capsule membrane was investigated under various pHs of the outer medium using n-propyl alcohol as a permeant. It became apparent that either copoly(MA, St)- or copoly(MA, MVE)-coated microcapsules function as a pH-sensitive capsule. In particular, the former showed a dramatic change of the permeability in response to small differences in pH (5-6). By reference to the viscometric and electrophoretic studies of both copolymers, these were interpreted as being due to a pH-induced alteration of the configuration of the copolymer coating on the surface of the capsule membrane. When sucrose was hydrolyzed in an aqueous suspension of the copoly(MA, St)-coated capsules into which invertase was loaded, the hydrolytic reaction was initiated at pH 5. 5 and stopped at pH 4. 5. Such initiation-cessation control was repeated reversibly without damaging the capsules.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320305
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  • 182
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    Scaleup of monoclonal antibody purification using radial streaming ion exchange chromatography (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 326-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A scaleup study of the radial streaming chromatography (ZetaPrep technique) using hybridoma culture supernatant as model protein solution is described in this article. Lab and pilot cartridges were tested. Scaleup factors were calculated from the lab experiments and compared to the data obtained at pilot level. The procedure consists of three different steps: microfiltration, diafiltration, and the ZetaPrep technique using QAE cartridges. Diafiltration was used to condition the clarified culture supernatant. Calculating the elution volumes for the pilot level (ZetaPrep 800) from the smallest lab cartridge (ZetaPrep 15), a difference between calculated and experimental values of 230% was obtained. The difference between calculated and experimental values using results from ZetaPrep 100, a preparative cartridge, was 120%. At pilot level it is possible to purify 10 L culture supernatant within 3 h including regeneration and reequilibration of the cartridge. This procedure is useful for monoclonal antibodies (mAb) with a low isoelectric point (pl). The pl's of the mAb which was used in this work are in the range 5.4-6.1.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320309
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  • 183
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    Stratified mixed-culture biofilm model for anaerobic digestion (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 348-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Development of a novel two-layer anaerobic biofilm model is based on substrate utilization kinetics and mass transport. The model is applied to steady-state conditions for a fixed-film anaerobic reactor. The microbial film is considered to consist of two distinct biofilm layers, one adjacent to the second, with an acidogenic bacteria biofilm forming the outer layer and a methanogenic film the inner one. The model assumes that sugars are only metabolized by the first layer and converted into volatile fatty acids (VFA), while fatty acids are taken up only by the inner layer. The model is able to predict both substrate flux net uptake and methane production for steady-state conditions. The results of modeling agree with methane production experimental data published elsewhere. Further, the model shows why layered fixed-film reactors can withstand high and inhibitory concentrations of volatile fatty acids as well as severe overloading without failure.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320313
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  • 184
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    Effect of structure of polymer support on the growth of Sporotrichum cellulophilum immobilized by polymerization induced by gamma rays (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 386-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320319
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  • 185
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    Improved pseudoanalytical solution for steady-state biofilm kinetics (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 379-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Simple algebraic expressions for the flux of substrate into a steady-state biofilm are developed. This pseudoanalytical solution, which eliminates the need for repetitiously solving numerically a set of nonlinear differential equations, is based on an analysis of the numerical results from the numerical solution of the differential equations. The critical advantage of this new pseudoanalytical solution is that it is highly accurate for the entire range of substrate concentrations and kinetic parameters. The article also illustrates that previous pseudoanalytical solutions for steady-state biofilm kinetics are seriously inaccurate for certain ranges of substrate concentration and kinetic parameters.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320318
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  • 186
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    Covalent coupling of gramicidin S synthetase 2 to water-soluble copolymers (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 400-403 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320322
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  • 187
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    Oscillations in continuous cultures of budding yeast: A segregated parameter analysis (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 411-417 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Sustained oscillations have been observed in continuous cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. These oscillations appear spontaneously under aerobic conditions and may constitute a severe limitation for process control. We have found that oscillations arise only in a well defined range of dilution rates and dissolved oxygen values. The period of the oscillations is related, but not equal, to the mass doubling time, and shows a relation ship with both the parent cells and daughter cells generation times. At high dilution rates two oscillatory regimens, with different periods, are observed. The analysis of the budding index shows a marked degree of synchronization of the culture, however significant differences, both in phase and in amplitude, are ob served if the budding index of parent cells and of daughter cells are considered separately. The complex changes of the cell population are clearly demonstrated by the continuous and periodic modification of both cell volume distributions and protein distributions. Ethanol is always accumulated before the drop of dissolved oxygen concentration and one of the peaks of budding index. We propose a model that explains the insurgence of these oscillation as a consequence of changes in cell cycle parameters due to alternate growth in glucose and in ethanol.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320402
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  • 188
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    Effect of hydrogen and carbon dioxide partial pressures on growth and sulfide production of the extremely thermophilic archaebacterium Pyrodictium brockii (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 438-443 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effect of hydrogen and carbon dioxide partial pressure on the growth of the extremely thermophilic archaebacterium Pyrodictium brockii at 98°C was investigated. Previous work with this bacterium has been done using an 80:20 hydrogen-carbon dioxide gas phase with a total pressure of 4 atm; no attempt has been made to determine if this mixture is optimal. It was found in this study that reduced hydrogen partial pressures affected cell yield, growth rate, and sulfide production. The effect of hydrogen partial pressure on cell yield and growth rate was less dramatic when compared to the effect on sulfide production, which was not found to be growth-associated. Carbon dioxide was also found to affect growth but only at very low partial pressures. The relationship between growth rate and substrate concentration could be correlated with a Monod-type expression for either carbon dioxide or hydrogen as the limiting substrate. The results from this study indicate that a balance must be struck between cell yields and sulfide production in choosing an optimal hydrogen partial pressure for the growth of P. brockii.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320405
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  • 189
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    Effects of charged groups in haptens on adsorption equilibrium of hapten antibody (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 467-474 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Antisera against charged (p-azobenzoate and p-azoben zenesulfonate) and uncharged (dinitrophenyl) haptenic groups were produced in rabbits, and the equilibrium characteristics of hapten-antibody were measured by use of immunoadsorbents. The antibody to the uncharged hapten formed a stable binding with the hapten to the changes in ionic strength and pH. On the other hand, the antibodies to the charged haptens showed affinities sensitive to the changes in pH and ionic strength. Therefore, the effect of the pKa of ionizable haptens on the pH dependence of the hapten-antibody binding was studied by comparing the interactions between a series of para-substituted benzoic acids and the anti-p-azobenzoate antibody. The pH dependence of the interactions was strongly affected by the pKa of ionizable groups in haptens. Furthermore, the equilibrium characteristics of anti-p-aminobenzoyl dipeptides were compared. The characteristics of interactions were affected by the features of amino acid residues.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320409
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  • 190
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    Correlation for volumetric mass transfer coefficient in mechanically agitated aerated vessel for oxygen absorption in aqueous electrolyte solutions (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 482-490 
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    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Empirical equations used so for for computing kla in mechanically agitated aerated vessels agree well with the measured dependence of Kla on the power input of the stirrer and the superficial velocity of the gas. However, they do not fit the dependence of Kla on the physical properties of the liquid batch. From the data published so far it can be deduced that the equations suitable for the description of the dependence of kmola on the liquid physical properties must include some independent variable, which characterizes the rate of coalescence of the bubbles. About 400 experimental values of Kla were compared with those calculated from different relations. This comparison shows that the rate of coalescence for the aqueous electrolyte solutions is well described on the basis of the Gibbs theory of adsorption of the solute in the surface layer of the solution.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320411
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  • 191
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    Biomass photochemistry: XII. Chemical and photochemical pretreatment of rice hull and its fungal degradation (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 564-568 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320420
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  • 192
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    Separation and concentration of amino acids using liquid emulsion membranes (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 604-615 
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    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The separation and concentration of amino acids using liquid emulsion membranes (LEMs) are discussed. Using L- phenylalanines as a model solute, it is experimentally shown using a facilitated transport system that separation and concentration can be simultaneously achieved. The rate of separation, final product concentration, and membrane swell are shown to increase with increasing chloride driving forces in the membrane, These effects are shown to be insensitive to the particular salt used as the driving force. Changes in the carrier concentration are shown to result in higher initial fluxes and higher swell rates. Hydrodynamically induced membrane breakage is minimal for the system under consideration. Experiments indicate that osmotically induced water transport (“swelling”) in the LEM system is mediated by both the carrier and the emulsion-stabilizing surfactant. The data suggest that this swell is a diffusion-limited process. The specificity of the carrier is examined and is found to be directly related to the hydrophobicity of the solute. Strategies for optimizing LEM formulations are discussed. Emphasis is placed on the hydration characteristics of the surfactant and the specificity of the carrier.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320505
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  • 193
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    Membrane reactor coupled with electrophoresis for enzymatic production of aspartic acid (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 647-654 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Aspartic acid production by aspartase reaction on ammonium fumarate was carried out in a membrane reactor coupled with electrophoresis. A pressurized, stirred vessel attached with an ultrafiltration membrane was used as a membrane reactor. An electric field was applied across the membrane to preferentially remove the product aspartate from the reactor into the permeate stream. The charged molecule, aspartate, is much smaller than the molecular-weight cutoff of the membrane (104) so that the ions would move freely through pores of the membrane. The concentration of aspartate in the permeate stream is determined by the electromigration velocity of the ions and the permeation rate of solvent (water) through the membrane. The permeation rate of solvent could be controlled by the applied pressure, and the migration velocity of the ions could be controlled by the electric field strength applied. The equilibrium conversion of ammonium fumarate to the aspartate was 70%. In the presence of electric field, the aspartase activity was not disturbed. Also, it is shown that the aspartate concentration in the permeate stream was 20% higher than that in the reaction solution with the permeate flow rate of 0.7 mL/min. The steady-state conversion was 60%. Instead of aspartate, aspartic acid can be recovered directly from the permeate stream by controlling the circulation of buffer electrolyte in the anode compartment.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320509
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  • 194
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    Operation of a three-phase biofilm fluidized sand bed reactor for aerobic wastewater treatment (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 677-688 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A biofilm fluidized sand bed column reactor (14 L) has been operated in the three-phase mode on a soluble glucose-yeast hydrolysate substrate in which the biofilm-sand phase (1-2.5 L) was suspended by direct aeration of the bed. Within two weeks a tight biofilm was formed whose activity resulted in a 90% reduction, with loads of 10.7 kg TC/m3day. The residence time was 1 h. The biofilm remained intact during operation with high residence times (up to 23 h) over three weeks. Oxygen transfer coefficients varied with aeration rate and sand quantity between 0.02 and 0.04 s-1 during non growth conditions; they decreased with increasing amounts of clean sand and were higher and relatively independent of the sand fraction with biofilm-covered sand. Aeration rates used in the 14 L reactor were 23-40 L/min (2.4-4.1 cm/s) and were sufficient to suspend 78-92% f the biofilm-covered sand. Clean sand was 50-75% suspended. Oxygen uptake rates varied between 15.4 and 23.1 mol/m3 h.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320513
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  • 195
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    Electronic Resource
    A parametric study of cloned fusion protein expression in Escherichia coli (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 725-730 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320520
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  • 196
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    Use of polyelectrolyte complex-stabilized calcium alginate gel for entrapment of β-amylase (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 756-759 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Calcium alginate gel stabilized with a polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) consisting of potassium poly(vinyl alcohol) sulfate (KPVS) and trimethylammonium glycol chitosan iodide (TGCI) was used for the immobilization of β-amylase. The immobilization was made by gelling aqueous droplets of enzyme solution including both sodium alginate and KPVS in a CaCl2 solution containing TGCI. The activity of the enzyme entrapped into the stabilized gel beads was evaluated by studying the batch reaction kinetics of enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of maltotetraose. Repeated kinetic measurements, totaling 18, were carried out at fixed time intervals. After each measurement the beads were stirred for 1 day in a freshly prepared 10 mM NaCl solution at 3°C. It was found that the immobilized system remained stable without leading to a serious loss of the activity or to a large leakage of the enzyme from the support. This was explained as being due to a PEC-crosslinked contracted network structure of the stabilized gel matrix.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320605
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  • 197
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    Polyelectrolyte precipitation of proteins: I. The effect of reactor conditionsPresented in part at the Annual Meeting of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, Miami Beach, Florida, November 1986 (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 777-785 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Lysozyme was recovered from egg white by continuous precipitation with polyacrylic acid (molecular weight of 4 × 106). Precipitator residence time and shear rate had significant effects on the size distribution of the precipitate, but no clear effects on the compositions. Precipitate mean size increased with higher shear, indicating growth phenomena predominating over breakage. Also, an enhancement of growth rate at small sizes was noted. The Camp number successfully characterized the interaction of shear rate and residence time on the particle size.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320609
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  • 198
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    Electronic Resource
    Effects of temperature on xylanase secretion by Trichoderma reesei (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 821-825 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320614
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  • 199
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    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320701
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  • 200
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    Solventogenesis in Clostridium acetobutylicum fermentations related to carboxylic acid and proton concentrations (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 843-852 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The mechanism primarily implicated in the solventogenesis process in batch fermentations of Clostridium acetobutylicum is examined in considerable detail. A variety of fermentations with or without pH control in the pH range of 3.7-6 have been carried out in order to examine which of a host of suspect parameters correlate with the initiation of solventogenesis. The parameters that did not correlate are the external (pH0) and intracellular (pHi) pH, and ΔpH, and the external or intracellular butyrate and acetate concentrations. Undissociated butyric acid (UBA) correlated well with the initiation of solventogenesis. A linear relationship between UBA and butanol concentrations was found at the onset of solventogenesis in all fermentations examined. The intercept of this linear relationship was 6-13mM UBA for the pH0 range of 3.7-5 and approximately zero for pH0 at or above 6. The required minimal UBA was interpreted as a dependency of the solventogenesis process on both H+ and butyrate concentrations. Undissociated acetic acid was found not to correlate with the initiation of solventogenesis. Addition of acetoacetate (AA) and propionate enhanced the effect of UBA on the solventogenesis process. The action of a nonmetabolizable (FCCP) and a metabolizable (AA) uncoupler on the ΔpH, pH0, pHi, and solventogenesis were also studied in order to gain further understanding of the solventogenesis mechanism.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320702
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