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  • 1985-1989  (190)
  • 1930-1934
  • 1987  (190)
  • Genetics  (99)
  • Physical Chemistry
  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laser pyrolysis studies of OH reaction rates with several butenes at 1200 K (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 19 (1987), S. 269-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Using a laser pyrolysis/laser fluorescence method, we have measured the rate constants for OH reacting with 1-butene, t-2-butene, isobutene, and 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene near 1200 K. The butene rate constants are large, ranging from 2.0-3.7 × 10-11 cm-3 s-1, and increase with the number of allylic hydrogens. Transition-state theory considerations indicate these allylic hydrogens are easily abstracted, in contrast to prior observations on propene.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550190402
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics, mechanism, and stereochemistry of Diels-Alder reactions of CN-substituted ethenes with cyclohexa-1, 3-diene in the gas phase (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 19 (1987), S. 363-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The kinetics of the Diels-Alder additions of CH2 = CHCN, CH2 = C(CH3) CN, and cis- and trans-CH3CH = CHCN to cyclohexa-1, 3-diene have been studied in the gas phase. The stereochemistry of these reactions is discussed. In terms of a biradical mechanism, a minimum value of 4.1 ± 0.8 kcal mol-1 for the stabilizing effect of a CN group vis-à-vis a methyl group is shown to fit the experimental activation energies.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550190407
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  • 103
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Artificial-intelligence-based interpretation of feature sensitivities of the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 19 (1987), S. 435-455 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new approach is presented for analyzing kinetic models of relaxation-type oscillatory systems on the basis of numerical data. Feature sensitivities of the length of the two kinetic states of the Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction with respect to the rate constants of the model are explained by means of a logic-based inference system. The main kinetic roles of the individual reaction steps on the relaxing components are revealed, and a consistent interpretation of the kinetic states is given by this process. Both the high and the low set of rate constants were studied. According to our analysis, the bromous acid-hypobromous acid reaction is an important Br- producing step of the model, and in the case of the low set, the bromate-bromous acid reaction is not the rate-determining step of the bromous acid autocatalysis.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550190505
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  • 104
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential energy distributions in nonthermal systems: Model calculations and applications to 18F-for-F nuclear recoil substitutions in CH3CF3 (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 19 (1987), S. 583-608 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A general method has been developed for the determination of the differential energy distribution in nonthermally activated reacting systems. A series of known distributions and kinetic models has been used to test this method and to determine its efficacy. Application was then made to the kinetic data of energetic CH3CF2 18F formed by the substitution of F by 18F produced by nuclear recoil. The distribution obtained for this activated CH3CF2 18F is seen to be highly energetic with a median energy of 137.6 kcal mol-1 and with 33.1% of the molecules possessing energy in excess of 171 kcal mol-1. The shape of the calculated distribution suggests that there are two mechanisms for the formation of CH3CF2 18F from CH3CF3 and 18F, as well as that 62 kcal mol-1 is a lower limit to the kinetic energy needed by the 18F atom for this substitution to take place.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550190702
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  • 105
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 19 (1987) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550190801
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  • 106
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of flow dynamics in a new, very low pressure reactor. Application to the reaction: Cl + CH4⇌ HCl + CH3 (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 19 (1987), S. 691-708 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new, improved variant of the very low pressure reactor (VLPR) system with interchangeable discharge orifices was used for studying the compatibility of the chemical and physical processes occurring simultaneously. It is shown that the ratio of calculated and effective escape rate constants is a complex function of the reactor cell geometry for reactions of non-spherical symmetry.The test reaction of atomic chlorine with methane proved to be a pure chemical process free of side reactions and was used to calibrate the system. The measured rate constant is k1 = (0.993 ± 0.013) × 10-13 cm3/molec-s at 25°C. A new procedure is outlined for measuring the equilibrium constant by changing the concentrations of all three components resulting in a remarkable accuracy of K1 = 1.406 ± 0.034 for the test reaction at 25°C.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550190803
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  • 107
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of the gas phase reaction of hydroxyl radicals with ethane, benzene, and a series of halogenated benzenes over the temperature range 234-438 K (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 19 (1987), S. 725-739 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Absolute rate constants for the gas phase reactions of OH radicals with ethane (k1), benzene (k2), fluorobenzene (k3), chlorobenzene (k4), bromobenzene (k5), iodobenzene (k6), and hexafluorobenzene (k7) have been measured over the temperature range 234-438 K using the flash photolysis resonance fluorescence technique. The rate constants measured at room temperature (296 K), at total pressures of argon diluent between 25 and 50 Torr, were (in units of 10-13 cm3 molecule-1 s-1): k1 = (2.30 ± 0.26), k2 = (12.9 ± 1.4), k3 = (6.31 ± 0.81), k4 = (7.41 ± 0.94), k5 = (9.15 ± 0.97), k6 = (13.2 ± 1.6), and k7 = (1.61 ± 0.24), respectively. The indicated errors are our estimate of 95% confidence limits and include two standard deviations from the least-squares analysis together with an allowance for any possible systematic errors in the measurements. At elevated temperatures and under pseudo-first-order reaction conditions, non-exponential hydroxyl radical decays were observed for benzene and the monosubstituted halo-aromatics. For ethane and hexafluorobenzene, exponential decays were observed over the complete temperature range and the data were fit by the Arrhenius expressions: k1 = (8.4 ± 3.1) × 10-12 exp[(-1050 ± 100)/T] and k7 = (1.3 ± 0.3) × 10-12 exp[(-610 ± 80)/T], respectively. The results are compared with previous literature data and the mechanistic implications are discussed.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550190806
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  • 108
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics and mechanism of transesterification of phenyl salicylate (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 19 (1987), S. 757-776 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The first-order rate constants, k1, obtained for methanolysis and ethanolysis of phenyl salicylate (PSH) in aqueous mixed solvents, fit to a relationship: k1 = A1 · [ROH]T/(1 + A2[ROH]T) where A1 and A2 are the unknown parameters and [ROH]T is the total concentration of alkanol. It is proposed that the alkanolysis of PSH involves the preequilibrium formation of monomeric ROH from polymeric (ROH)n, followed by an intramolecular general base-catalysed nucleophilic attack by monomeric ROH on the carbonyl carbon of the ester. In the mixed solvents containing alkanol and MeCN, the k1 - [ROH]T profiles obtained in the presence of K+ ions are different from those obtained in the presence of Na+ ions which could be attributed to the cation-induced changes in the alkanol structure. Negative KCl salt effect has been observed on methanolysis of PSH, while it is essentially unaffected by the presence of tetraalkylammonium iodide salts (R4NI). The rates of ethanolysis of PSH have been found to increase with increase in [R4NI] and this increase becomes more pronounced with increasing hydrophobic surface area of R4NI. The rate constants for methanolysis of PSH in aqueous mixed solvents containing 80% MeOH (v/v) are independent of [ŌH] within the [ŌH] range of 0.01 to 0.15 M. The rate of methanolysis could not be detected within ca. 47 h in mixed solvents containing 96% HeOH (3.8% MeCN and 0.2% H2O), 80% MeOH (19.8% MeCN and 0.2% H2O), and 0.022 M HCl. It is concluded that for efficient transesterification, PSH should exist in ionized form. The reaction of PSH with MeOH is ca. 400 times faster than that with t-BuOH which could be ascribed to the most likely steric effect. The values of ΔH* and ΔS* obtained for methanolysis and ethanolysis are essentially independent of [ROH] within the ROH content of 20% to 96% for MeOH and 50% to 96% for EtOH. The effect of organic co-solvent on rate of hydrolysis of PSH could be explained in terms of organic co-solvent-induced water polarization.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550190808
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  • 109
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The mechanisms of the homogeneus, unimolecular elimination kinetics of ethyl 4-chlorobutyrate and 4-chlorobutyric acid in the gas phase (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 19 (1987), S. 789-797 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ethyl 4-chlorobutyrate, which is reexamined, pyrolyzes at 350-410°C to ethylene, butyrolactone, and HCl. Under the reaction conditions, the primary product 4-chlorobutyric acid is responsible for the formation of γ-butyrolactone and HCl. In seasoned vessels, and in the presence of a free-radical inhibitor, the ester elimination is homogeneous, unimolecular, and follows a first-order rate law. For initial pressures from 69-147 Torr, the rate is given by the following Arrhenius expression: log k1(s-1) = (12.21 ± 0.26) - (197.6 ± 3.3) kJ mol-1 (2.303RT)-1. The rates and product formation differ from the previous work on the chloroester pyrolysis.4-Chlorobutyric acid, an intermediate product of the above substrate, was also pyrolyzed at 279-330°C with initial pressure within the range of 78-187 Torr. This reaction, which yields γ-butyrolactone and HCl, is also homogeneous, unimolecular, and obeys a first-order rate law. The rate coefficient, is given by the following Arrhenius equation: log k1(s-1) = (12.28 ± 0.41) - (172.0 ± 4.6) kJ mol-1 (2.303RT)-1. The pyrolysis of ethyl chlorobutyrate proceeds by the normal mechanism of ester elimination. However, the intermediate 4-chlorobutyric acid was found to yield butyrolactone through anchimeric assistance of the COOH group and by an intimate ion pair-type of mechanism. Additional evidence of cyclic product and neighboring group participation is described and presented.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550190902
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  • 110
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Systematic characterization of transition states for radical decompositions (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 19 (1987), S. 869-879 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A one-parameter analytical potential energy function for β-bonds in free radicals is described, which accounts quantitatively for their observed stretching frequencies and the position and size of the activation barriers for their fission. It is shown that such a function can be used to characterize a priori the corresponding transition states by assuming that the structural and spectroscopic changes taking place along the minimum energy path track the development of pi bonding rather than following a simple exponential dependence on the reaction coordinate. This procedure, tested by comparing predicted A-factors and isotope effects with experimental data for alkyl radicals and ab-initio calculations on C2H5, fully encodes the basic features of radical decomposition reactions and provides a simple, realistic, and self-consistent technique for the estimation of their kinetic parameters.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550190907
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  • 111
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics and mechanism of the thermal reactions of endo- and exo-5-cyanobicyclo[2.2.2]oct-2-ene and methyl-substituted derivatives in the gas phase (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 19 (1987), S. 885-894 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The thermal reactions of endo- and exo-5-cyanobicyclo-[2.2.2]oct-2-ene and their trans- and cis-6-methyl-substituted derivatives have been investigated in the gas phase between 518 and 630 K. Each product decomposes by two parallel first-order retro-Diels-Alder reactions, a main one with formation of cyclohexa-1,3-diene and a minor one with elimination of ethene. Slight isomerizations are also observed. The kinetic results can be explained in terms of a biradical mechanism. The rate-determining step is shown to depend on the amount of resonance energy in the biradical. Heats of formation and entropies of the bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-2-enes studied are estimated.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550191002
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  • 112
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Large inefficiencies of unweighted least-squares treatment of logarithmically transformed A exp(-kt) data (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 19 (1987), S. 923-927 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The standard deviations (σ) of the parameters of a single exponential function can vary strongly with the range of the data, the character of the underlying error structure and also with the inclusion or omission of the appropriate relative weights. These effects are studied quantitatively, for least squares analysis of uniformly spaced, ln-linearized simulated data. The parameters, k and A, extracted are less precise when weighting is omitted, increasingly so as the range of the data increases, particularly for the case of equal amplitude errors for each A exp(-kti) datum. The results, expressed as efficiencies (σ2[using weights]/σ2[omitting weights]), show 〈 1% efficiency in some cases. This is tantamount to ignoring 〉 99% of the data and treating the remainder with proper relative weighting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550191004
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  • 113
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rate constants for hydrogen abstraction by resonance stabilized radicals in high temperature liquids (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 19 (1987), S. 943-957 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Benzylic H-atom abstraction rates by diphenylmethyl radicals from a series of donors were determined in nonpolar liquids at elevated temperatures. Relative rates were converted to absolute rates via available equilibrium constant data for the dimerization of diphenylmethyl radicals. Abstraction by diphenylmethyl from 1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydronaphthalene (tetralin) was studied over the temperature range 489-573 K. Its Arrhenius expression is 109.9±0.3 exp{-(10183 ± 373)/T} M-1 s-1. Abstraction from other donors was studied at 548 K. Rate constant values ranged from a low of 3.6 M-1 s-1 for toluene to a high of 3000 M-1 s-1 for 9, 10-dihydroanthracene. Similar reactions with the fluorenyl radical were also studied. In this case, relative rates were converted to absolute rates with an equilibrium constant for fluorenyl dimerization determined from the observed homolysis rate of the dimer and an assumed recombination rate. In addition, forward and reverse rate measurements yielded the equilibrium constant for hydrogen transfer between fluorenyl and diphenylmethyl. At 548 K, fluorenyl is favored by a factor of 13 over diphenylmethyl.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550191006
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  • 114
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Editorial (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 19 (1987), S. 961-961 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550191102
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  • 115
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 3 (1987) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320030101
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  • 116
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of weak acids and external pH on the intracellular pH of Zygosaccharomyces bailii, and its implications in weak-acid resistance (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 3 (1987), S. 23-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Zygosaccharomyces ; weak-acid resistance ; intracellular pH ; yeast ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Weak acids and hydrogen ions in different concentration combinations affect the intracellular pH value (pHi) of Zygosaccharomyces bailii. The lowest pHi value measured was not at the most extreme, but at intermediate conditions of inhibition. Proton and organic-acid ejection, on a cell volume basis, is greater in cells grown under inhibitory conditions and is stimulated by weak acids, whilst in cells not grown under inhibitory conditions acid efflux is lower and is depressed by weak acids; this may be important in the maintenance of tolerable pHi values in the presence of weak acids. The concentration of benzoic acid measured internally is identical to the value expected from its pK, external pH and pHi. Addition of fructose to starved cells causes both a decreased pHi and a concomitant efflux of previously loaded benzoic acid, quantitatively in accord with the shift in equilibrium of the freely permeable undissociated acid. There is no evidence that weak acids are actively extruded. Protoplast volume also varies with hydrogen-ion and weak-acid concentration and this too may play a role in intracellular pH maintenace.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320030105
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  • 117
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Announcements (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 3 (1987), S. 62-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320030110
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  • 118
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular cloning of chromosome I DNA from Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Isolation of the MAK16 gene and analysis of an adjacent gene essential for growth at low temperatures (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 3 (1987), S. 51-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Genome organization ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; chromosome I ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: MAK16 is an essential gene on chromosome I defined by the thermosensitive lethal mak16-1 mutation. MAK16 is also necessary for M double-stranded RNA replication at the permissive temperature for cell growth. As part of an effort to clone all the DNA from chromosome I, plasmids that complemented both the temperature-sensitive growth defect, and the M1 replication defects of mak16-1 strains were isolated from a plasmid YCp50: Saccharomyces cerevisiae recombinant DNA library. The two plasmids analysed contained overlapping inserts that hybridized proportionally to strains carrying different dosages of chromosome I. Furthermore, integration of a fragment of one of these clones occurred at a site linked to ade1, confirming that this clone was derived from the appropriate region of chromosome I. An open reading frame adjacent to MAK16 potentially coding for a 468 amino acid protein was defined by sequence analysis. 185 amino acids of this open reading frame were replaced with a 1·2 kb fragment carrying the S. cerevisiae URA3 gene by a one-step gene disruption. The resulting strains grew at a rate indistinguishable from the wild type at 20°C, 30°C, or 37°C, but could not grow at 8°C. The deleted region is thus essential only at 8°C, and we name this gene LTE1 (low temperature essential).
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320030108
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  • 119
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of DNA double strand breakage and repair using orthogonal field alternation gel electrophoresis (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 3 (1987), S. 71-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: OFAGE ; X-ray damage ; DNA repair ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Orthogonal field alternation gel electrophoresis (OFAGE) allows separation of DNA molecules in the size range of 200 kb to 3000 kb. These sizes encompass the chromosome sizes of the genome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Using this technique, we have found that yeast cells exposed to X-rays generate a smear of DNA fragments corresponding to the products of random, independent double strand breaks, and that the bands corresponding to unbroken chromosomes decrease in intensity in direct proportion to chromosome size. If exposed wild type cells are permitted time to repair (5 h at 30°C on YEPD), the fragments partially disappear and the chromosome bands reappear, although at less than normal intensity. In certain radiation-sensitive mutants (rad51, rad52 and rad54), the fragment smear appears following X-ray exposure but no repair of broken chromosomes occurs. In fact, loss of the fragments occurs; this could appear as partial repair using other procedures.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320030203
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  • 120
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proliferation of microbodies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 3 (1987), S. 77-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Microbodies ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; oleic acid ; β-oxidation ; catalase ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The development of microbodies in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was studied in response to different conditions of growth. Various strains of S. cerevisiae were investigated, using cells from the exponential growth phase on glucose as an inocullum in all transfer experiments. Electron microscopy, including serial sectioning, revealed that these cells generally contained one to four small microbodies which were localized in the vicinity of the cell wall and characterized by the presence of catalase. Transfer of these glucose-grown cells into media supplemented with various compounds known to induce microbody proliferation in other yeasts - i.e. uric acid, alkylated amines, amino acids, C2-compounds such as ethanol or acetate, in the presence or absence of compounds that induce oxygen radical formation - did not result in a significant change in the number of microbody profiles observed. Marked microbody proliferation was, however, observed after a shift of cells into media containing oleic acid and was associated with the induction of activities of β-oxidation enzymes. In addition, catalase and isocitrate lyase were present in enhanced levels. Kinetic experiments suggested that these microbodies developed from those originally present in the inoculum cells. In thin sections up to 14 microbody profiles were occasionally observed, often present in small clusters. Their ultimate volume fraction amounted to 8-10% of the cytoplasmic volume.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320030204
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  • 121
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    Electronic Resource
    Cyclic AMP controls the switch between division cycle and resting state programs in response to ammonium availability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 3 (1987), S. 85-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Cyclic AMP ; nitrogen limitation ; resting state ; cell cycle ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We have identified a mutation called rcal (for rescue by cAMP) which allows adenylate cyclase-deficient mutants to divide in the presence of cAMP. We took advantage of this rcal mutation to study the effect of externally added cAMP on the onset of the resting state when cells are starved for ammonium. We measured the resistance of the cells to zymolyase treatment as a parameter of the resting state. We observed that the onset of the resting state is reversibly blocked by cAMP. This inhibitory effect of cAMP is discussed together with the cAMP control of the start. This leads us to propose a model in which the cAMP level, controlled by the availability of nutrients, should trigger the choice between the entry of the cell into the resting state and the initiation of a new division cycle.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320030205
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    Tryptophan accumulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae under the influence of an artificial yeast TRP gene cluster (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 3 (1987), S. 95-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; tryptophan accumulation ; genetic engineering ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Plasmid pME559, carrying all five yeast TRP genes, was constructed. This plasmid is a yeast/Escherichia coli shuttle vector based on pBR322 and 2 μm-DNA sequences derived from plasmid pJDB207. We studied in yeast (i) the stability of the plasmid under selective and non-selective conditions, (ii) expression of all five TRP genes and (iii) tryptophan accumulation in yeast transformants. These studies were conducted in comparison with an earlier construction, pME554, which differs from plasmid pME559 in the expression of the TRP1 gene and which carries the TRP2 wild type instead of the TRP2fbr mutant allele. For stable maintenance of the plasmids in yeast a selection was necessary. Plasmid pME559 displayed normal expression of all TRP genes, and enzyme levels on average 23-fold higher than in the wild type strain were found. In comparison, the maximal tryptophan flux observed in such a plasmid-carrying strain was about ten-fold higher than the maximal flux capacity in the wild type strain.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320030206
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    Analysis of DNA sequences homologous with the ARS core consensus in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 3 (1987), S. 107-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: DNA replication ; ARS elements ; histone genes ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We have previously identified an autonomously replicating segment (ARS) near the 3′ end of the histone H4 gene at the copy-I H3-H4 locus. We have now searched for additional autonomously replicating segments and sequences homologous with the ARS core consensus sequence near the copy-II histone H4 gene and both of the histone H3 genes. No new ARS elements were identified by functional cloning assays. However, several matches to the ARS core consensus element were found within the DNA sequencs of the copy-I and copy-II genes. An exact match to the ARS core consensus was identified in the region downstream from the copy-I histone H3 gene and a set of sequences with weak homology was also locatd within the copy-II region. However, restriction fragments including these sequences did not demonstrate ARS activity on a plasmid in transformed cells.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320030207
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    Yeast flocculation: Kinetics and collision theory (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 3 (1987), S. 201-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Flocculation ; yeast ; shaking ; activation-energy ; surface-charge ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Flocculent yeast cells have an absolute requirement for mechanical energy input in order for flocculation to occur. Flocculation is arrested by cessation of energy input. The initial rate of flocculation increases as the square of the cell concentration. There is a minimum shaking speed to initiate flocculation and thereafter the initial rate of flocculation increases exponentially with the shaking speed. The minimum shaking speed for flocculation to occur increases with pH value. Activation energy for flocculation, derived from Arrhenius-like plots, varies with pH value. We propose that activation energy is required to overcome mutual repulsion between charged yeast cells and allow flocculent bonds to be formed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320030307
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    Ovarian teratocarcinomas in LT/Sv mice carrying t-mutations (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 8 (1987), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: T/t-complex ; LT mice ; parthenogenesis ; recombination ; gene-mapping ; primitive streak ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Ovarian teratomas that result from parthenogenetic activation of oocytes provide a double tool for developmental geneties. First, they provide a way of measuring recombination between a gene and its centromere. Second, in the absence of crossing over there is the potential of producing tumors that are homozygous for genes that would be lethal in the course of in utero embryonic development. We have applied both aspects to several t- haplotypes containing different early acting t-lethal genes. In a study of 26 tumors, genotyped by Southern blot analysis of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), we measured the distance between the centromere and the start of the t-complex as 5.6 ± 2.3 cM. We found a marked deficiency of t-homozygous genotypes among the tumors we studied, although T/T genotypes formed teratomas at levels comparable to controls. None of the lethal t-haplotypes we studied permit homozygous embryos to develop to the primitive streak stage, while T/T embryos do develop essentially normally through that stage. Thus, although the total number of tumors observed from t-bearing mice was small, the great difference in the incidence of t/t tumors versus the incidence of T/T tumors suggests strongly that the parthenogeretic embryos that convert to teratocarcinomas must first pass through some of the stages of normal early development, including the formation of three germ layers and the primitive streak.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020080102
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    Influence of mouse trisomy 16 on expression of specific genes (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 8 (1987), S. 35-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: development ; isozymes ; murine trisomy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We examined developmental changes in the relative activities of three different isozyme systems: aldolase, enolase and phosphoglycerate mutase, in tissues of fetal mice with trisomy 16 and of fetal euploid littermates. We wanted to determine whether morphological abnormalities such as reduced weight and size, which are generally observed in murine trisomy, are reflected at the molecular level. Following electrophoretic separation and subsequent measurement of relative activities of enolase isozymes in brain and phospho-glycerate mutase isozymes in heart, we found no significant differences between trisomy 16 fetuses and their euploid littermates. Synthesis of liver-specific aldolase was, however, delayed in trisomy 16 fetuses.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020080106
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    Induction of gastrulation in the chick embryo (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 8 (1987), S. 83-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: chick blastula ; hypoblast-epiblast interaction ; transcriptional control ; α-amanitin ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Interaction between the epiblast and the primary hypoblast in chick blastula results in induction of the primitive streak (PS) in the epiblast. Alpha-amanitin, a specific inhibitor of poly A-containing RNA synthesis, inhibits formation of the definitive PS. This inhibition is associated with qualitative changes in the pattern of protein synthesis in the hypoblast but not in the epiblast. The protein pattern of the component areas of the epiblast shows increase in some polypeptides after treatment with α-amanitin. By contrast, α-amanitin resulted in a decrease in synthesis of several polypeptides, which are either undetectable or weakly present in the hypoblast. The α-amanitin-sensitive translational products of the embryonic genome that are observed in the hypoblast may have specific functions in the control of PS induction and stabilization.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020080204
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    Testes of XX ↔ XY chimeric mice develop from fetal ovotestes (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 8 (1987), S. 207-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: chimeras ; ovotestes ; sex differentiation ; sex mosaics ; hermaphrodites ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The majority of XX ↔ XY chimeric mice develop into fertile males. The sexual differentiation of the gonads in these animals has been examined on days 12-14 postcoitum to determine if their development parallels that of normal testes. It was found that 50% of chimeric fetuses, the proportion predicted to be XX ↔ XY, had neither normal testes nor ovaries. Instead, ovotestes were present, with varying proportions of presumptive ovarian and testicular tissue. On day 12 the ovotestes were organized with testicular tissue in the central region and ovarian tissue at the craniad and/or caudad poles. In the more advanced fetuses there was evidence of regression of the ovarian portion, which would account for the testes found in adults. These results are discussed in light of current theories of sex determination and differentiation and what was previously known about gonads of sex mosaics.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020080405
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    Developmental consequences of autosomal aneuploidy in mammals (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 8 (1987), S. 249-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: trisomy ; trisomy 16 mouse ; trisomy 19 mouse ; Down syndrome ; gene dosage effects ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Autosomal aneuploidy in mammals adversely affects developmental processes. In human beings, for example, trisomy 21 is the most frequent aneuploidy detected among newborns and the most common known genetic cause of mental retardation. In this review, several hypotheses are discussed that have been proposed to explain the mechanisms by which aneuploidy (especially trisomy) disrupts development. These mechanisms included specific gene dosage effects, generalized disruption of genetic homeostasis, and the influence of the parental origin of the duplicated chromosome. The availability of specific chromosomal rearrangements in mice, coupled with selective breeding schemes, permits generation of aneuploidy of specific chromosomes or chromosomal segments on controlled genetic backgrounds, thus enabling the systematic study of the causes and consequences of defined aneuploidy. Phenotypic characteristics associated with a number of specific aneuploidies in the mouse are discussed. Emphasis is placed on the effects of trisomy 16. Genetic homology between mouse chromosome 16 and human chromosome 21 has led investigators to suggest that analogous mechanisms will be responsible for the developmental abnormalities produced in these respective aneuploidies. Analysis of trisomy 16 mice from the organismal to the subcellular level has revealed a number of phenotypic characteristics (particularly neurobiologic ones) shared with human trisomy 21. The dosage effects of shared genes (or their products) may contribute to the development of these features.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020080408
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    Masthead (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 8 (1987) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020080501
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    Structure of the chloroplast psbA gene encoding the QB protein from Oryza sativa L. (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 8 (1987), S. 339-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: psbA gene ; DNA sequencing ; sequence homologies ; promoter ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The light-regulated chloroplast psbA gene encoding the QB protein has been cloned from rice (Oryza sativa L.), and the nucleotide sequence has been determined. Comparison of nucleotide sequences and derived amino acid sequences between species indicates a high degree of conservation of the primary structure. Comparison of promoter regions from the light-inducible chloroplast psbA, rbcL, and psaA genes indicates conservation of the prokaryotic-like promoter elements in all three genes and of a  - 21 box common only to psbA and rbcL promoter regions. No other putative regulatory signals were found based on nucleotide sequences.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020080505
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    Constitutive transcription of a soybean heat-shock gene by a cauliflower mosaic virus promoter in transgenic tobacco plants (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 8 (1987), S. 365-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: soybean ; heat-shock gene ; CaMV promoter ; plant transformation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Transcription of heat-shock protein genes in soybean can be induced by high temperature stress leading to a transient expression of heat-shock proteins. We have tested whether the replacement of a native heat-shock promoter by a viral promoter results in constitutive transcript levels of the respective gene in transgenic plants. The 35S-transcript promoter of the cauliflower mosaic virus was linked to the protein-coding region of the genomic heat-shock gene hs6831, encoding a 17.6-kD heat-shock protein of soybean. After transformation of tobacco plants with this chimeric construction using a disarmed Agrobacterium binary vector, abundant mRNA levels were detected in transgenic plants. The steady-state level of this mRNA at 25°C was equal to that generated by the native heat-shock promoter at 40°C; however, it was markedly reduced by heat shock applied to the transgenic plants. These findings suggest a sufficiently high stability of heat-shock mRNA produced at the normal growth temperature to direct constitutive expression of heat-shock proteins. The application of constitutive gene expression for the investigation of thermotolerance is discussed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020080507
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    Histone genes in higher plants: Organization and expression (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 8 (1987), S. 461-473 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: H3 and H4 genes ; plants ; structure ; cloning ; S1 mapping ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The general structure of the plant histone genes has been deduced from the comparison of the nucleotide sequences of ten H3 and H4 genes of maize (3 H3 and 3 H4) and Arabidopsis thaliana (2 H3 and 2 H4). The five H3 and five H4 genes encode the same proteins, respectively. The 5′-flanking regions contain the classical histone gene-specific consensus sequences. In addition, a conserved octanucleotide CGCGGATC was found in all plant histone genes at 200-250 nucleotides before the initiation codon.All six maize H3 and H4 genes are transcribed during early germination as shown by nuclease S1 mapping and reverse transcriptase primer extension experiments. The mRNA 5′-ends are located within the consensus sequence CCAA/CT/C. The 3′-ends lack the classical T-hyphenated dGC-rich palindromic structure and possess long nontranslated sequences.In both plants the multiple copies of the H3 and H4 genes are organized into multigenic families. The genes of each family show a similar proximal environment, suggesting that they originate from the duplication of a common ancestor.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020080512
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    Expression of selected nuclear genes during leaf development in barley (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 8 (1987), S. 495-511 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: barley leaf development ; nuclear genes ; developmental control of transcription ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Groups of cDNA clones encoding abundant leaf proteins or derived from genes (gene families) with other features of interest have been selected from a barley leaf cDNA library. The characteriaztion of nine of the groups is summarized and includes information on the tissue specificity and light dependence of expression of their corresponding genes. Different types of control of gene expression are represented in the collection: leaf-specific expression, both stimulated and inhibited by light, constitutive expression, and expression that is maximal in one case in coleoptiles and in two cases in meristematic tissue. For the light-stimulated genes (gene families) encoding chloroplast proteins (Cab, RbcS, and plastocyanin), relative and absolute levels of messengers were determined as a function of cell age in sections of 7-day-old barley leaves grown under diurnal conditions. Key parameters of cell growth (protein, RNA, and DNA accumulation) were determined in the same leaf sections. The main conclusions of the expression studies are as follows: (1) Light is in no case a requirement for gene expression although it has significant stimulatory effect on some genes; (2) weak expression of some genes coding for chloroplast proteins was detected in the leaf-like, white coleoptiles, whereas expression in roots could not be detected; (3) The cab, rbcS, and plastocyanin genes are expressed very early during leaf cell differentiation, when the plastids morphologically are still in their amyloplast-amoeboid stages; (4) The expression of the cab, rbcS, and plastocyanin genes is not coordinated during leaf cell development.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020080514
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    Plasmids: A practical approach. Edited by K.G. Hardy. Oxford-Washington, DC: IRL Press, 1987.180 pp. (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 8 (1987), S. 121-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020080207
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    Allelic variation at the frizzled locus of Drosophila (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 8 (1987), S. 99-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Drosophila ; tissue polarity ; frizzled ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The epidermis of Drosophila has a tissue polarity that is manifested by a parallel array of polarized structures (primarily hairs and bristles). The production of normal tissue polarity requires the function of the frizzled (fz) locus. We have isolated a large number of alleles at this locus and have phenotypically characterized more than 25 of them. We have found extensive allelic variation that a previous study failed to detect. Most of the alleles fall into a hypomorphic to amorphic series. Two alleles, however, have unusual properties. These alleles, which in general are moderately strong alleles, fail to produce a rough eye phenotype that is characteristic of all the other moderate or strong fz alleles. Thus, these two alleles are tissue specific in effect. Furthermore, these two alleles also have a neomorphic or antimorphic effect on hair polarity in one region of the wing.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020080206
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    Expression of the differentiation antigen F7D6 in tumorous tissues of Drosophila (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 8 (1987), S. 165-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: embryonic antigen ; tumor mutants ; oncodevelopmental molecule ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The 63-kDa antigen recognized by the monoclonal antibody F7D6 is present in all Drosophila embryonic cells and disappears from most tissues as each one reaches its final, differentiated state. Larval tissues lose the antigen around the time of hatching, imaginal tissues lose it during metamorphosis, and germ cells lose it during gametogenesis (Bedian et al: Devel Biol 115:105-118, 1986). The nervous system and spontaneously contracting musculature of the gut and gonads are exceptions and remain antigen positive at all stages. The F7D6 antigen appears to be associated with dividing, undifferentiated cells and electrogenic cells. This prompted us to test tumors for antigen presence. We tested four different recessive mutants that give rise to four different types of tumorous transformation: the embryonic tumor Notch, several larval melanotic tumors, the imaginal disc tumor 1(2)gl, and three alleles of the ovarian tumor otu. In all cases, tumorous tissues in homozygotes contained the F7D6 antigen. The electrophoretic mobility of the antigen appeared to be unaltered in tumorous tissues compared to normal cells, but the antigen is expressed at higher levels. The antigen is found on the cytoplasmic surface of plasma membranes and appears to be a marker of undifferentiated normal and tumorous cells. Similarities and differences between the F7D6 antigen and Drosophila c-src protein are discussed.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020080305
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    Masthead (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 8 (1987) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020080101
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    β-Glucuronidase activity is present in the microscopic epididymis of the Tfm/Y mouse (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 8 (1987), S. 11-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: testicular feminization ; androgen induction ; meiosis inducing substance ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The sex-linked recessive gene Tfm in the mouse produces a condition of testicular feminization (androgen insensitivity syndrome, AIS) in hemizygotes, comparable to the condition of the same name in humans. The murine mutant was originally believed to have no derivatives of the mesonephric duct system (MDS), and this absence was ascribed to dependence of these derivatives on androgens for survival. However, microscopical epi-didymides, retia testes, and vasa deferentia were identified in these animals in our laboratory. These micro-organs may play a role in meiosis induction in Tfm/Y animals. The present study was designed to determine whether survival of these organs is due to retention of an ability to respond to androgens, or whether they are unique amongst MDS derivatives in being independent of androgens.Previous studies in our laboratory demonstrated that the enzyme β-glucuronidase (βG) is androgen sensitive in the epididymis of the normal mouse. In the present investigation we used this enzyme as a marker to study androgen sensitivity in the microscopical epididymides of Tfm/Y hemizygotes and in the epididymides of control +/Y litter-mate brothers. Both mutant and control animals were studied with and without exogenous androgen stimulation.Tfm/Y hemizygotes demonstrated low levels of diffuse, cytoplasmic βG activity that appears to be unresponsive to exogenous androgen stimulation. In light of our previous studies, this distribution of βG reaction products suggests some degree of androgen sensitivity. The survival of these micro-organs and their partial androgen sensitivity may be related to the role of the MDS in inducing meiosis.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020080103
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    The cellular basis of wing size modification in Drosophila: The effects of the miniature gene, crowding, and temperature (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 8 (1987), S. 91-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: wing size ; miniature ; cell size ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: To elucidate the mechanisms whereby genes and environment influence wing size, we investigated the effects of various rearing temperatures and larval crowding conditions on the wings of the mutant miniature and wild-type fruit flies. In adults we monitored wing size, cell number, wing thickness, cell density; in larval imaginal discs we looked for cell death. Cell density was inversely proportional to wing size. Of particular interest was the finding that smaller wings tend to be thicker. Electron microscope studies showed that the miniature wing layers are grossly abnormal. We hypothesize that these abnormalities are due to abnormal cell flattening of the wing epithelial cells, and we conclude that gene and environmental effects on cell flattening may be an important component in determining cell density and hence organ size.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020080205
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    Announcement (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 8 (1987), S. 123-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020080208
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    Post-transcriptional regulation and DNA undermethylation of intracisternal A particle genes in embryonal carcinoma cell lines (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 8 (1987), S. 125-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: retrovirus ; embryonal carcinoma ; embryonic gene ; DNA methylation ; gene expression ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Northern blot analysis and in vitro nuclear transcription assays were performed in order to clarify conflicting reports on the expression of intracisternal A particle (IAP) genes in embryonal carcinoma (EC) cell lines. Results demonstrate that post-transcriptional mechanisms control the final steady-state levels of IAP RNA in EC cells. IAP genes were further found to be undermethylated in IAP-expressing EC cell lines.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020080302
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    In vitro fertilisation: Past, Present and Future. Edited by S. Fishel and E.M. Symmonds. Oxford: IRL Press Ltd., 1986.276 pp. (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 8 (1987), S. 187-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020080307
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    Influence of the major histocompatibility comp(MHC) on the response to and expression of H-Y in rats (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 8 (1987), S. 189-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: H-Y antigen ; skin grafts ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The influence of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on the survival of H-Y-incompatible skin grafts in rats has been determined by challenging normal and previously sensitized females of various isogenic and congenic strains with male trunk or ear skin isografts. The MHC's influence on the potency of H-Y has also been evaluated by determining the survival of male parental strain ear skin grafts on sensitized (with F1 hybrid male cells) F1 hybrid females of two different MHC congenic strains. The results indicate that, as in mice, the MHC has a dual affect on H-Y; it is involved in determining the ability of females to respond to the antigen as well as influencing its potency.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020080403
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    Restriction enzyme evidence for Alu sequence-mediated dispersion of microinjected genes in transgenic mice (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 8 (1987), S. 233-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: DNA dispersion ; human β-globin ; reverse transcription ; evolution ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A human bacteriophage clone containing adult β-globin genes with four Alu sequences was microinjected to produce transgenic mice. Southern blot analysis on the spleen of a transgenic mouse revealed an unusual hybridization pattern that suggested extensive dispersion of human DNA throughout the mouse genome. This pattern was reproducible using several restriction enzymes, including a noncutting enzyme. The hybridization pattern was not observed in other tissues, and sequences were not detected in progeny using the bacteriophage probe. However, hybridization of spleen DNA of offspring against a human Alu probe revealed genetic transmission of human Alu sequences. The results suggest dispersion of microinjected Alu sequences throughout the genome.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020080407
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    Tumor formation and morphogenesis on different Nicotiana sp and hybrids induced by Agrobacterium tumefaciens T-DNA mutants (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 8 (1987), S. 61-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Agrobacterium insertion mutants ; hormone equilibria ; differentiation ; dedifferentiation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A series of experiments are presented that have been performed to observe the interactions between Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains mutated in the T-DNA genes involved in indoleacetic acid and cytokinin biosynthesis and several Nicotiana species and hybrids. Infections were induced on leaf cuttings of Nicotiana debneyi, N. knightiana, N. clevelandii, N. bigelovii var bigelovii, N. bigelovii var quadrivalvis, N. glauca, N. langsdorffii, the amphidiploid tumorous hybrid N. glauca × N. langsdorffii, and a nontumorous mutant of it. The effect of deletions of the Ti plasmid varied according to plant genotype. Insertion mutants in iaaM and iaaH suppressed tumor formation in N. langsdorffii, reduced it in N. bigeloviivar quadrivalvis, had no effect in N. glauca and the two amphidiploid hybrids, and promoted tumorigenesis when compared to the wild-type Agrobacterium strain B6S3 in N. bigelovii N. debneyi, and N. knightiana. The same mutations induced shoot formation in N. glauca, increased it in N. debneyi, and suppressed root formation in N. knightiana. On the other hand, an insertion mutation of the isopentenyl transferase gene (ipt-) had no effect in N. bigelovii var quadrivalvis, N. debneyi, the tumorous hybrid, suppressed tumor formation in N. langsdorffii, and inhibited it in N. glauca, the nontumorous hybrid, N. bigelovii var bigelovii, and N. knightiana. Insertion in ipt suppressed shoot formation in the nontumorous hybrid and inhibited it in the nontumorous amphidiploid and N. debneyi, while promoting root formation in N. glauca and N. debneyi.The suggestion of the existence of specific hormone equilibria necessary for the shift to each morphogenetic pattern was supported by experiments with exogenous hormone treatments of three genotypes (N. glauca, N. langsdorffii, and the nontumorous N. glauca × N. langsdorffii).
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020080202
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    Action of the cubitus interruptus-wallace mutant in Drosophila melanogaster: A study of leg morphology on mosaic and haplo-4 flies (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 8 (1987), S. 151-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: positional reference ; mitotic activity ; cell identity ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The fourth chromosome mutant cubitus interruptus-Wallace(ciW) produces leg, wing, and body bristle aberrations. The effect on the wing is similar to that produced by cubitus interruptus-dominant (ciD) which also has an influence on larval segmentation indicating that it has a regulatory function. Leg morphology of haplo-4, ciW, and mosaic haplo-4:diplo-4, ci/ci+ flies was examined in an attempt to distinguish between a structural and a regulatory function by ciW. Aberrations recovered include failure of segment elongation, intersegmental gaps, duplication of bristles, and segments that are shorter than normal and of greater than normal diameter. Many of these effects are localized, suggesting that ciW may act to maintain cell positional reference. Increased local cell proliferation appears to be one manifestation of loss of the normal function.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020080304
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    Description of an embryonic lethal gene, l(5)-1, linked to Wsh (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 8 (1987), S. 27-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: W locus ; mouse ; chromosome 5 lethal ; implantation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A recessive lethal mutant linked to Wsh causes the death of homozygous embryos between 4.5 and 5.5 days postcoitum (pc). Histological examination of implantation sites from intercross and backcross matings indicates that homozygotes are not all evident at 4.5 days pc, when embryos have begun to form trophectoderm giant cells and primitive endoderm, but are degenerating by 5.5 days pc, with only a few primary giant cells remaining after this time. The mutants thus form blastocysts that initiate the implantation process but the inner cell mass and polar trophectoderm fail to develop further. In vitro examination and culture of blastocysts indicated that the mutant homozygotes hatch from the zona pellucida and outgrow, although they do so somewhat more slowly than normal embryos. After 3 days of culture, the inner cell masses of mutant outgrowths may be smaller than normal. Since the gene has no known heterozygous effect and the primary gene function remains unknown, the mutant has been given the provisional symbol l(5)-1 for the first lethal on chromosome 5.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020080105
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    Differential riboflavin deposition in white and variegated white mutants of Drosophila hydei (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 8 (1987), S. 45-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: white-mottled ; Malpighian tubules ; gene action ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Riboflavin deposition in organs of Drosophila hydei was studied by means of a growth test using a riboflavin-deficient strain of the fungus Aspergillus nidulans. In wild-type animals, riboflavin is deposited in Malpighian tubules (MT) and testes but not in adult eyes. Certain white (w) mutants do not contain riboflavin, whereas intermediately colored w mutants contain minor amounts of the substance. Riboflavin-containing MT cells contain special globules that can be fixed and stained with the redox dye phenazine-methosulphate. The number and size of these granules is related to growth effect and point to a role of the w locus in the intracellular deposition of riboflavin in special organs. In white-mottled (wm) position-effect variegation mutants, a significant correlation was found between the extent of variegation (percentage of yellow cells) and riboflavin content (growth effect) of the MT. However, the individual variation of cell phenotype was extremely large and exaggerated types were observed indicating “overdominance” of the rearranged w+ gene. This contradicts an unsubstantiated dogma of position-effect variegation that assumes that the affected gene simply switches between the on and off state, as is discussed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020080107
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    Evidence of a gene-dosage effect for the glucocorticoid receptor in trisomy 18 mice (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 8 (1987), S. 73-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: isoelectric focusing ; corticosterone ; gene assignment ; alanine transferase ; tyrosine aminotransferase ; liver cytosol ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The amount of cytosolic glucocorticoid receptor in liver of Ts18, Tsl6, and Tsl9 vs euploid mouse fetuses was studied after incubation of [3H]dexamethasone with cytosol followed by isoelectric focusing on polyacrylamide gels. In addition, corticosterone concentrations and enzyme activities of alanine aminotransferase and tyrosine aminotransferase were measured in the cytosol of the livers. The amount of glucocorticoid receptor in the cytosol fractions of the livers was always higher in the Tsl8 than in the euploid fetuses of the same litter. It was also significantly (P 〈 0.0005) higher if pooled data from different litters were analyzed. The ratio of the glucocorticoid receptor in Ts l8 vs euploid mice varied between 1.3 and 4.7, with a mean of 2.1. In contrast, the glucocorticoid receptor levels in Tsl6 and Tsl9 fetuses were not different from the corresponding euploid controls. Comparing the corticosterone levels of the three trisomies tested with the corresponding euploid fetuses, no significant differences were found, indicating that the markedly elevated cytosolic glucocorticoid receptor concentrations in Tsl8 were not due to different corticosterone levels. This finding is consistent with the assignment of the glucocorticoid receptor gene to chromosome 18 in the mouse. There was no correlation betwen glucocorticoid receptor levels and the activity of the two glucocorticoid inducible enzymes tested in the liver of mouse fetuses.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020080203
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    Masthead (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 8 (1987) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020080301
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    Murine “housekeeping” enzyme (genetic locus:Idh-1) is regulated in an allele-specific manner (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 8 (1987), S. 135-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: mouse ; NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase ; electrophoresis ; gene regulation ; allele-specific expression ; heart ; kidney ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The murine “housekeeping” enzyme, cytosolic NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase (E.C. 1.1.1.42) (genetic locus:Idh-1), exhibited a complex pattern of allele-specific expression. Protein electrophoresis on cellulose-acetate gels and determination of relative enzymatic activity by means of densitometry revealed that in heart tissue (but not liver tissue) of certain hybrid crosses the AA-homodimer was underrepresented relative to total enzymatic activity, and the degree of underrepresentation changed during development. In mixtures of homozygous tissue extracts of heart tissue (but not liver tissue) the AA-homodimer was underrepresented relative to the BB-homodimer. Relative activity of allelic isozymes varied as a function of tissue (heart versus liver), age, and the parental source of the Idh-1a allele, but did not vary as a function of sex.Allele-specific expression was also exhibited in kidney tissue of the same animals. In adult male kidney tissue extracts from heterozygotes, the AA-hornodimer was underrepresented relative to total enzymatic activity; in adult female kidney tissue extracts from heterozygotes, a more codominant phenotype was observed. Tissue extracts from immature hybrid animals exhibited a phenotype midway between the adult male and adult female phenotypes. Tissue extracts from castrated males exhibited a phenotype equivalent to that seen in females. Relative activity of allelic isozymes in kidney varied as a function of age and sex, but did not vary as a function of the parental source of the Idh-1a allele.While cytosolic NADP-IDH is a “housekeeping” enzyme, expressed in multiple tissues of the mouse, differences in the relative intensities of allelic isozyme bands provide evidence for tissue- and stage-specific regulatory variation.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020080303
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    Gene controlling a differentiation step in the quail melanocyte (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 8 (1987), S. 179-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: differentiation ; melanogenesis ; tyrosinase ; albino ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Albino mutation in animals blocks pigmentation owing to a deficiency in tyrosinase, although it does not affect the differentiation of colorless melanocytes from the neural crest. In the albino Japanese quail (al, sex-linked), it was demonstrated that morphologically normal melanocytes differentiated from neural crest cells in culture and that these cells contained unmelanized melanosomes as expected for the mutant cells. The mutant melanocytes, however, were shown to exhibit tyrosinase activity in the Golgi-endoplasmic reticulum-lysosome region and in the Golgi vesicles. Our results seem to indicate that the mutation at the al locus affects the transport of tyrosinase from the Golgi area to melanosomes.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020080306
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    Locus determining the human sperm-specific lactate dehydrogenase, LDHC, is syntenic with LDHC (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 8 (1987), S. 219-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: lactate dehydrogenase ; spermatogenesis ; multigene enzyme family ; somatic cell hybrids ; gene mapping ; evolution ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: From the data presented in this report, the human LDHC gene locus is assigned to chromosome 11. Three genes determine lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in man. LDHA and LDHB are expressed in most somatic tissues, while expression of LDHC is confined to the germinal epithelium of the testes. A human LDHC cDNA clone was used as a probe to analyze genomic DNA from rodent/human somatic cell hybrids. The pattern of bands with LDHC hybridization is easily distinguished from the pattern detected by LDHA hybridization, and the LDHC probe is specific for testis mRNA.The structural gene LDHA has been previously assigned to human chromosome 11, while LDHB maps to chromosome 12. Studies of pigeon LDH have shown tight linkage between LDHB and LDHC leading to the expectation that these genes would be syntenic in man. However, the data presented in this paper show conclusively that LDHC is syntenic with LDHA on human chromosome 11.The terminology for LDH genes LDHA, LDHB, and LDHC is equivalent to Ldhl, Ldh2, and Ldh3, respectively.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020080406
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    Cloning and developmental regulation of α1 acid glycoprotein in swine (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 8 (1987), S. 295-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: sequence ; cDNA ; fetal pig ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A cDNA clone of porcine alpha1 acid glycoprotein (α1AGP) has been isolated and sequenced. Sequence homologies between porcine, human, and rat indicate that porcine α1AGP is similar in structure to the rat and human proteins. RNA blots from days 40, 60, 80, and 110 fetal, newborn, and adult livers showed that α1AGP mRNA is relatively abundant throughout fetal development, particularly at the later stages and in the newborn; there is a rapid decline in abundance following birth. From birth to 3 days of age, there is a three- to four-fold decline in abundance, and α1AGP mRNA is approximately 100 times less abundant in the adult liver than in that of perinatal pigs. Southern blots showed that α1AGP is probably a single-copy gene. The isolation of a cloned cDNA for porcine α1AGP provides a tool to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in the developmental regulation of the gene and to correlate changes in gene expression during development with fetal growth and well being.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020080411
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    Neurochemical characterization of embryonic brain development in trisomy 19 (Ts19) mice: Implications of selective deficits observed for abnormal neural development in aneuploidy (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 8 (1987), S. 267-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: mental retardation ; Down syndrome ; cholinergic neurons ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In this study, we examined the neurochemical profiles of selected brain regions (cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon/brainstem) in fetal (day 14 to 18 gestation) trisomy 19 (Ts19) mice. The neurochemical characteristics we observed in Ts19 mice were quite different from those we observed previously in Ts16 mice. Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity was reduced significantly in the cerebral hemispheres, but not in the brainstem/diencephalon, of the fetal Ts19 mouse brain, suggesting a selective vulnerability of telencephalic cholinergic neurons. Additionally, the activity of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) was reduced significantly in both hemispheres and diencephalon/brainstem of late gestation Ts19 fetuses, suggesting a selective vulnerability of GABAergic neurons as well. While the levels of catecholaminergic and dopaminergic markers were reduced significantly at late gestational ages, the relative rate of turnover of dopamine (DA), measured by the ratio of DOPAC/DA, was elevated significantly in Ts19 mice. Neither reduction in the thickness of various cellular zones of the cerebral cortex nor reduced cell density of the cerebral cortex accounts for the alterations in neurochemical parameters observed in Ts19 mice. These results suggest that the effects of the triplication of specific genes on the respective chromosomes, rather than a generalized disruption of developmental homeostasis resulting from extra chromosomal material, may produce selective alterations in neurochemical and neuroanatomical markers observed in these two mouse trisomies.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020080409
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    Use of nuclear mutants in the analysis of chloroplast development (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 8 (1987), S. 305-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: maize ; chlorophyll-deficient mutants ; high-chlorophyll-fluorescent mutants ; albino mutants ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Although a wide range of mutations in the nuclear genome also affect chloroplast biogenesis, their pleiotropic nature often limits their use in studying nuclear genes that regulate or facilitate chloroplast development. However, many mutations that cause a high-chlorophyll-fluorescent (hcf) phenotype exhibit limited pleiotrophy, causing the loss of functionally related sets of chloroplast polypeptides. Several hcf mutations are described that result in the loss of one specific protein complex from the thylakoid membrane. Chlorplast and cytosolic mRNAs coding for component polypeptides of the missing complex are unaffected in the mutants, suggesting that each mutation disrupts some process in the synthesis and assembly of the missing complex. Another hcf mutation causes both the loss of three protein complexes and grossly abnormal thylakoid membrane structures. The primary effect of this mutation might be in the assembly of thylakoid membranes or in the stable accumulation of the three protein complexes. Two other hcf mutations are more pleiotropic. Hcf*-38 causes a quantitative reduction of many chloroplast proteins and a reduction of some chloroplast RNAs, including several splicing intermediates. Hcf*-7 causes a major reduction of all chloroplast-encoded proteins examined. The range of pleiotropic effects of hcf mutations indicates that the mutations identify nuclear genes whose products are involved in a number of different steps in chloroplast devclopment. Because some of the mutations described have been generated by transposon insertions, they can be cloned using the transposon to identify the mutant allele.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020080503
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    Nuclear genes that alter assembly of the chlorophyll a/b light-harvesting complex in Zea mays (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 8 (1987), S. 389-403 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: nuclear mutations ; chloroplast assembly ; maize ; light ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The major chlorophyll a/b light harvesting complex (LHCII) of mesophyll chloroplasts is normally assembled late during chloroplast morphogenesis. LHCII occurs at greatly reduced levels in bundle sheath chloroplasts of maize. In order to understand the normal regulatory mechanisms we are examining nuclear maize mutants that alter either (1) the assembly timing or (2) the steady state level of LHCII in mature mesophyll thylakoids. We have found a delayed greening mutant, v24 (on chromosome arm 2L), that unmasks a second unlinked locus, Mof*, that can mediate LHCII assembly timing. The polypeptides of LHCII are encoded by the nuclear multigene cab family. We find that two alleles at Mof* regulate the steady state level of cab mRNA in parallel to their effect on LHCII assembly timing: The genotype Mof*-1 Mof*-1 v24 v24 corresponds to reduced cab mRNA and late LHCII assembly timing, while Mof*-2 Mof*-2 v24 v24 corresponds to reduced cab mRNA and late LHCII assembly timing. A second group of mutations (Oy-700, pg11 and pg12 reduces LHCII levels in mesophyll thylakoids. This is the first report that pg11 and pg12) reduce the LHCII of mesophyll thylakoids. The basis of pg11 and pg12 is unknown. Mutations at the Oy locus block the chlorophyll biosynthetic enzyme, protopor-phyrin IX Mg-chelatase. Heterozygotes of the codominant mutation Oy-700 with the normal allele (Oy) have reduced LHCII. We have defined genetic backgrounds that suppress and those that do not suppress the Oy-700 Oy phenotype under certain conditions: (1) reduced light intensities (200 μE cm-2 sec-1) and/or (2) plant maturity.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020080509
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    DNA methylation in plants (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 8 (1987), S. 475-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: methylation ; Adh1 ; Zea ; Arabidopsis ; transformed DNA ; CpG-rich islands ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Higher plant DNA is extensively methylated, but the two methylated sequences (CpG and CpNpG) show different characteristics. Using sequence analysis techniques, we demonstrate that while CpG methylation follows the existing models for cytosine methylation in animals, CpNpG methylation does not. Although there is evidence to support the suggestion that the low CpG frequency has arisen from deaminational conversion of 5-methylcytosine to thymidine, there appears to be no comparable conversion of 5-methylcytosine in the CpNpG configuration. It therefore appears that between the evolution of CpG and CpNpG cytosine methylation systems, a mechanism evolved for the correction of C→T conversion, probably using the methylated strand to direct the repair in the correct direction.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020080513
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    Editorial (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 8 (1987), S. i 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020080402
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    Tissue-specific and developmental expression of human transthyretin gene in transgenic mice (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 8 (1987), S. 195-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: microinjection ; familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy ; fertilized egg ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: To analyze the regulation of transthyretin gene expression we have produced transgenic mice by microinjecting cloned human transthyretin genes into fertilized eggs of C57BL/6 mice. The 7.6-kilobase (kb) human transthyretin gene containing about 500 base pairs (bp) in the upstream region was used for microinjection. Seven out of nine transgenic mice had detectable amounts of human transthyretin in serum when analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Transthyretin mRNA was detected in liver and yolk sac but not in other tissues including brain. The amount of mRNA was variable among transgenic mice and was about one-tenth of mouse endogenous transthyretin mRNA. Human and mouse transthyretin mRNAs were detected in liver of fetus and yolk sac at 13 days of gestation and unlike yolk sac the level of mRNA in liver increased gradually during development and reached the maximum at around 17 days of gestation. Human transthyretin was associated with mouse transthyretin to form tetramers as judged from the dilution curve of enzyme-linked immu-nosorbent assay and the spur formation in Ouchterlony assay.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020080404
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    Comparative gene mapping: A valuable new tool for mammalian developmental studies (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 8 (1987), S. 281-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: mouse ; human ; cow ; maps ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Technological advances in the 1970s encouraged the mapping of homologous gene loci in different mammalian species, including mouse and man. One hundred eighty-five homologous loci have now been mapped in these two species. Conservation of linkage is sufficient to identify substantial segments of the two genomes that have been left intact since their divergence from a common ancestor. The recognition of these conserved segments allows experimental manipulation of mouse chromosomes or chromosomal regions to produce models of human chromosomal anomalies of medical importance.Comparative gene mapping has been extended beyond mouse and man and the genomes of some species, including domestic cattle, appear to be more highly conserved relative to humans than the mouse. Such species may be particularly useful in providing models of human chromosomal anomalies that cannot be duplicated in laboratory mice.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020080410
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  • 163
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    Editorial (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 8 (1987), S. i 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020080502
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  • 164
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    Auxin (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) starvation and treatment with glucan elicitor isolated from Phytophthora megasperma induces similar responses in soybean-cultured cell suspensions (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 8 (1987), S. 351-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: soybean cell suspension cultures ; phytoalexin production ; 2,4-D starvation ; chitinase ; β 1,3-glucanase ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Auxin (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) starvation of soybean cell suspension leads to the arrest of cell division after about 4 days. Readdition of 4 μM of auxin enables cells to divide again after a lag phase of 1 day. Accumulation of a well-known isoflavonoid-derived phytoalexin (glyceollin) and a highly elevated catalytic activity of two of the enzymes associated with glyceollin biosynthesis, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and chalcone isomerase, is described. Moreover, stimulation of catalytic activity of the enzymes chitinase and β 1,3-glucanase, which are involved in plant defense against pathogens, is observed at the same time. By comparing the patterns of in vitro protein synthesis, we have identified groups of polypeptides whose synthesis is either positively or negatively regulated by auxin. Some of these polypeptides are also induced by fungal elicitor treatment. Our results provide evidence of a dual control by auxin and fungal elicitor working in an opposite manner on the inducibility of enzymes and proteins that play a role in the induced defense response of soybean.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020080506
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  • 165
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    Chromatin structure and plant gene expression (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 8 (1987), S. 405-434 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: plant genes ; chromatin ; nucleosomes ; DNAse I-hypersensitive sites ; cytosine methylation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The nuclear DNA of eukaryotic organisms is associated with a variety of proteins, which together make up what is called “chromatin.” Chromatin serves to package all genes into higher-order structures such as nucleosomes, solenoids, and loop domains. Tight packing of a particular gene and its regulatory sequences does not allow the approach of RNA I or II polymerase proteins. Before or during the activation of such an inactive gene its chromatin has to adopt a relaxed, more “open” configuration. This altered chromatin can be probed by its higher sensitivity toward nucleases, such as DNAse I or S1 nuclease, and the appearance of DNAse I-hypersensitive sites. These sites may constitutively be present or may be induced, and they can be mapped to specific DNA sequence motifs. In many cases, such sites are delimited by non-B-DNA, notably Z-DNA, which in turn may form part of enhancer elements. The Z-DNA configuration may be induced or maintained by methylation of cytosyl residues within underlying sequences.Two plant gene model systems have been selected to probe their chromatin structure. Constitutively expressed T-DNA genes of Agrobacterium induced tobacco crown gall tumor cells have been shown to be organized in canonical nucleosomes, to be more sensitive to DNAse I than the bulk of host chromatin, and to contain a series of six constitutive DNAse I-hypersensitive sites. Inducible ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxyl-ase/oxygenase small subunit (rbcS) genes of pea are rearranged into a nuclease-sensitive format upon activation by light, especially in their promoter region. The rbcS promoter harbors a series of five constitutive DNAse I-hypersensitive sites and one light-inducible site, which is surrounded by potential regulatory sequences (enhancer cores, inverted repeats). The 3′ region of rbcS genes also contains constitutive sites. Methylation/demeth-ylation of Alu I-, Fnu4H1-, HaeIII-, Sau3AI-, and Sau 96I sequences in rbcS promoters does not play any role in rbcS gene inactivation/activation.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020080510
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  • 166
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    T-DNA hormone biosynthetic genes: Phytohormones and gene expression in plants (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 8 (1987), S. 321-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: T-DNA ; T-cyt gene ; plant promoter structure ; plant development ; plant gene regulation ; plant defense-related mRNAs ; Agrobacterium tumefaciens ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020080504
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  • 167
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    Developmental genetics of the soybean urease isozymes (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 8 (1987), S. 375-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: urease ; isozymes ; clones ; null mutants ; soybean ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) contains two urease isozymes whose expression is regulated in a tissue-specific and temporal manner. The ubiquitous urease is expressed in all tissues examined (leaf, embryo, seed coat, cell culture); the embryo-specific urease is synthesized exclusively in the developing embryo. The embryo-specific urease accumulates during seed development while the ubiquitous urease is found in highest levels during early development of both leaves and seeds. We have isolated mutants which fall in three phenotypic classes lacking one or both urease isozyme activities. Genetic analysis has thus far identified three unlinked loci which control the expression of urease(s). Genomic and cDNA clones of urease structural genes have also been recovered and we are working to assign these to genetic loci by sequence and RFLP analyses. That the ubiquitous urease isozyme is expressed in cell culture makes it possible to include cell culture in physiological and developmental studies. Additionally, we have developed direct selections for urease-negative mutants, and their revertants, in cell culture. These selections will facilitate the study of the expression of cloned urease genes in genetically transformed tissue.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020080508
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  • 168
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    Plant tubulin genes: Structure and differential expression during development (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 8 (1987), S. 435-460 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: tubulin genes ; microtubules ; Arabidopsis thaliana ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Microtubules are important components of the cytoskeleton of plant cells and play key roles in plant growth and morphogenesis. Recent molecular studies have begun to elucidate the structure and expression of plant genes coding for the major components of microtubules, α- and β-tubulin. Tubulin amino acid sequences deduced from the DNA sequences of eight higher plant tubulin genes are 79-87% homologous with constitutively expressed mammalian tubulins. The genome of the model plant system Arabidopsis thaliana contains four dispersed α-tubulin sequences and at least seven β-tubulin sequences, only two of which appear to be linked. Of the five A. thaliana genes whose expression has been analyzed, the transcripts of one α-tubulin and one β-tubulin gene are constitutively expressed in roots, leaves, and flowers. A second α-tubulin gene is expressed predominately in flowers; the transcripts of the second and third β-tubulin genes are found predominately in leaves or in roots, respectively.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020080511
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  • 169
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    Nonreciprocal gonadal dysgenesis in Chironomus thummi hybrids: Temperature sensitivity of female sterility (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 8 (1987), S. 17-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: ovarian dysgenesis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In nonreciprocal hybrids of Chironomus thummi an environmental factor has been detected which, along with genetic factors, determines gonadal dysgenesis. Female hybrids of the cross Ch' thummi thummi ♂ ♂ × Ch. thummi piger ♀ ♀ show various degrees of rudimentary developed ovaries and sterility. The extent of these abnormalities is dependent on the developmental temperature of the hybrids. At a temperature of 21°C approximately 90% of the females are completely sterile and at 16°C only 30%. The curative effect of a temperature of 16°C on sterility occurs, however, only in those hybrid females which hatch from a specific type of egg mass (class A). Females of another type of egg mass (class B) show nearly as many dysgenic ovaries as do those developed at 21°C. At a developmental temperature of 21°C no such differentiation between the A and B class of egg masses is possible.Ovarian dysgenesis and sterility is induced during atemperature-sensitive period which extends from the beginning of embryonic development through the first two-thirds of the first larva instar stage. The abnormalities observed must be due to a failure in the early development of the germ line and are probably initiated by an inhibition of primordial germ cell divisions.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020080104
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  • 170
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    Drosophila: A practical approach. Edited by D.B. Roberts Oxford-Washington, DC: IRL Press, 1986. 295 pp. (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 8 (1987), S. 59-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020080108
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  • 171
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    Masthead (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 8 (1987) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020080201
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  • 172
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    Masthead (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 8 (1987) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020080401
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  • 173
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    First international workshop on fission yeast University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada, 30 and 31 August 1986 (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 3 (1987), S. 59-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320030109
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  • 174
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    Masthead (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 3 (1987) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320030201
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  • 175
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    Artifactual immunofluorescent labelling in yeast, demonstrated by affinity purification of antibody (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 3 (1987), S. 63-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Antibodies ; immunofluorescent labelling ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In the course of making antibodies against various yeast (S. cerevisiae) proteins, we have noted that it is common to observe reactivity of rabbit sera with a number of extraneous bands on Western transfers of yeast proteins. The pattern of reactive bands can change within a period of weeks, even when the rabbit has not been injected with antigen. A simple method of affinity purification, using antigen bound to nitrocellulose, is employed to remove the reactivity with these extraneous bands from immune sera. The importance of affinity purification is demonstrated by our attempts to immunolocalize a 55 kd yeast protein (p55). Immune serum stains yeast cells to give a striking pattern of spots and blotches not seen with preimmune serum. However, affinity purification of anti-p55 antibody shows that this pattern is not due to staining by anti-p55 antibody; rather the pattern is due to staining left in the serum depleted of anti-p55 antibody.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320030202
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  • 176
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    Ethanol and the fluidity of the yeast plasma membrane (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 3 (1987), S. 223-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Ethanol tolerance ; membrane fluidity ; fermentation ; Saccharomyces ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Evidence is presented for an exponential increase in yeast plasma membrane fluidity (as meaured by pasive permeability to acetic acid) with ethanol concentration. The role of adaptation of yeast cells to ethanol can be seen in the existence of a threshold concnetration before the onset of an observed fluidizing effect. The physiological state of the yeast cells is also demonstrated to influence the sensitivity of the membrane to fluidizatio by ethanol. On the basis of these results, the concept that increased fluidity is an adaptive response conferring ethanol tolerance is disputed. An alternative hypothesis, namely that the observed increase in fluidity is the net result of a number of more fundamental changes, is presented to explain the observed effects.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320030403
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  • 177
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    Mapping of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae CDC3, CDC25, and CDC42 genes to chromosome XII by chromosome blotting and tetrad analysis (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 3 (1987), S. 243-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Cell cycle genes ; genetic mapping ; Saccharomyces ; OFAGE ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: CDC3, CDC25 and CDC42 were localized to chromosome XII by hybridizing the cloned genes to Southern blots of chromosomes separated by orthogonal-field-alternation gel electrophoresis. Meiotic tetrad analyses further localized these genes to the region distal to the RDN1 locus on the right arm of the chromosome. The STE11 gene, which had previously been mapped to chromosome XII (Chaleff and Tatchell, 1985), was found to be tightly linked to ILV5. The data suggest a map order of CEN12-RDN1-CDC42-(CDC25-CDC3)-(ILV5-STE11)-URA4. Certain oddities of the data set raise the possibility that there may be constraints on the patterns of recombination in this region of chromosome XII.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320030405
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  • 178
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    Genetic analysis of the gene ICL1 of the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 3 (1987), S. 255-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Yarrowia lipolytica ; isocitrate lyase ; structural gene ; gene map ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The gene ICL1 codes for the tetrameric enzyme isocitrate lyase of Y. lipolytica. Twenty icl1- alleles have been analysed for their reversion frequency, their interallelic complementation pattern, and the position of the corresponding mutation site on the fine structure map of the gene ICL1. One intragenic temperature-sensitive revertant of the allele icl1D-39 was isolated, which expressed a thermolabile enzyme. In spite of the fact that no nonsense mutations have been detected, the direction of transcription of the gene ICL1 was inferred from the localization of a linked cis-dominant regulatory mutation site. The size of the mitotic map of this gene suggests that recombination frequency in Y. lipolytica is lower than in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320030406
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  • 179
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    Calender (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 3 (1987), S. 273-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320030409
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  • 180
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    Yeast as a tool for carcinogen screening. Stephen G. Oliver, Enzyme Induction, Mutagen Activation and Carcinogen Testing Edited by A. Wiseman, Published by Ellis Horwood Ltd, Chichester, at £28.50 (hardback) (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 3 (1987), S. 271-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320030408
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  • 181
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    Masthead (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 19 (1987) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550191201
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  • 182
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    Gas phase thermolysis of cyanomethyl t-butyl sulfide and cyanomethyl t-butyl ether (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 19 (1987), S. 1053-1062 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The pyrolyses of cyanomethyl t-butyl sulfide and its oxygen homologue have been studied in a stirred-flow system over the temperature range 490-540°C and pressures between 5 and 14 Torr. In both cases, isobutene is formed as product in over 97% yield. Hydrogen sulfide is obtained in about half the amount of isobutene in the pyrolysis of the sulfide. Hydrogen cyanide is formed in the pyrolysis of the ether. The first-order rate coefficients for the consumption of the reactants followed the Arrhenius equations Cyanomethyl t-butyl sulfide: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ k({\rm s}^{ - 1}) = 10^{12.63 \pm 0.23} \exp (- 201.7 \pm 3.5)\,{\rm kj}/{\rm mol }\,RT $$\end{document} Cyanomethyl t-butyl ether: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ k({\rm s}^{ - 1}) = 10^{11.27 \pm 0.30} \exp (- 186 \pm 5)\,{\rm kj}/{\rm mol }\,RT $$\end{document}A molecular mechanism involving polar four-centered cyclic transition states is proposed for both reactions, with the CN group stabilizing the partial negative charge developed at the S and O atoms.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550191202
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  • 183
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    Kinetics of the gas-phase reactions of Cl atoms with chloroethenes at 298 ± 2 K and atmospheric pressure (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 19 (1987), S. 1097-1105 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Using a relative rate technique, rate constants have been determined for the gas-phase reactions of Cl atoms with the cholorethenes and ethane at 298 ± 2 K and 735 torr total pressure of air. Using a rate constant of 1.97 × 10-10 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 for the reaction of Cl atoms with n-butane, the following rate constants (in units of 10-11 cm3 molecule-1 s-1) were obtained: vinyl chloride, 12.7 ± 0.2; 1,1-dichloroethene, 14.0 ± 0.2; cis-1,2-dichloroethene, 9.65 ± 0.10; trans-1,2-dichloroethene, 9.58 ± 0.18; trichloroethene, 8.08 ± 0.10; tetrachloroethene, 4.13 ± 0.23; and ethane, 6.17 ± 0.08 (where the indicated error limits do not include the uncertainties in the rate constant for n-butane). A small amount of cis-trans isomerization was observed for the reactions involving the cis- and trans-1,2-dichloroethenes. These data are compared and discussed with the available literature data.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550191206
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  • 184
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    Bond dissociation energies and radical heats of formation in CH3Cl, CH2Cl2, CH3Br, CH2Br2, CH2FCl, and CHFCl2 (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 19 (1987), S. 15-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An analysis of thermochemical and kinetic data on the bromination of the halomethanes CH4-nXn (X = F, Cl, Br; n = 1-3), the two chlorofluoromethanes, CH2FCl and CHFCl2, and CH4, shows that the recently reported heats of formation of the radicals CH2Cl, CHCl2, CHBr2, and CFCl2, and the C—H bond dissociation energies in the matching halomethanes are not compatible with the activation energies for the corresponding reverse reactions. From the observed trends in CH4 and the other halomethanes, the following revised ΔH°f,298 (R) values have been derived: ΔH°f(CH2Cl) = 29.1 ± 1.0, ΔH°f(CHCl2) = 23.5 ± 1.2, ΔHf(CH2Br) = 40.4 ± 1.0, ΔH°f(CHBr2) = 45.0 ± 2.2, and ΔH°f(CFCl2) = -21.3 ± 2.4 kcal mol-1. The previously unavailable radical heat of formation, ΔH°f(CHFCl) = -14.5 ± 2.4 kcal mol-1 has also been deduced. These values are used with the heats of formation of the parent compounds from the literature to evaluate C—H and C—X bond dissociation energies in CH3Cl, CH2Cl2, CH3Br, CH2Br2, CH2FCl, and CHFCl2.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550190103
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  • 185
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    Kinetic studies on the oxidation of carbon monoxide over pure, reduced, and doped indium sesquioxides (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 19 (1987), S. 1-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Kinetic studies on the oxidation of carbon monoxide have been carried out between 413 and 473 K at different partial pressures of carbon monoxide and oxygen by means of the static method using vacuum-activated, hydrogen-reduced, and NiO-doped In2O3 semiconductors as catalysts. A strong carbon dioxide inhibiting effect is observed. The experimental data satisfactorily fit an equation derived by assuming the controlling step to be the adsorption of gaseous oxygen on the surface of catalyst. CO and CO2 adsorb on the lattice oxygens (Oo2-), while O2 adsorbs on the oxygen vacancies (Vox) formed by vacuum-activation, H2-reduction, and NiO-doping of In2O3. When CO2 formed during the reaction is removed by means of liquid nitrogen trap, the oxidation is found to be first-order with respect to CO and to be half-order with respect to O2. The concentration of oxygen vacancy in the solid catalyst is shown to be the controlling factor for the oxidation of carbon monoxide. A possible reaction mechanism can be explained by the n-type character of In2O3 and proposed from the experimentally obtained kinetic data and conductivities.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550190102
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  • 186
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    Pulse radiolysis study of the reaction of OH radicals with C2H4 over the temperature range 343-1173 KWork performed under the auspices of the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Science, US-DOE under contract Number W-31-109-ENG-38. (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 19 (1987), S. 25-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reaction of OH and OD radicals with ethylene in the presence of 1 atm argon and 6 Torr water vapor was studied in the temperature range 343-1173 K. The results reveal three kinetically separate temperature regions: (1) 343-563 K, where the disappearance of OH radical is dominated by the addition of OH to the double bond of ethylene; (2) 563-748 K, where concurrent reactions of addition, the reverse reaction of addition and H-atom abstraction is dominant; and (3) 748-1173 K, where H-atom abstraction is likely the main reaction. The rate for hydrogen abstraction is 2.4 × 10-11 exp[(-2104 ± 125)/T] cm3/molec-s (for OD 2.1 × 10-11 exp[(-2130 ± 172)/T] cm3/molec-s). There was no obvious pyrolysis of ethylene below 1073 K. The study of OD radical with ethylene shows a small isotope effect.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550190104
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  • 187
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    Sensitivity analysis of the two kinetic states of the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 19 (1987), S. 35-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A recently published kinetic model of the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction was studied by the feature sensitivity analysis of the slow bromide consumption and slow bromide production periods of the relaxing-type oscillatory system. The computed sensitivities allowed us to reveal the kinetic importance of the 17 individual reactions during the two, “kinetically homogeneous” states of the oscillation. Similarities and differences in the relative kinetic importances of the reaction steps were carefully studied when changing the magnitude of the rate constants (high set and low set). Of the 17 reactions examined, the attack of Ce4+ on malonic acid proved to be an essential step of the mechanism. Using the low set, there emerge more reactions which significantly affect the length of the two kinetic states.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550190105
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  • 188
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    The photochemistry of methyl cyclobutyl ketone. Part 2. Temperature dependence and the acetyl radical decomposition (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 19 (1987), S. 997-1013 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Following earlier room-temperature studies, gaseous mixtures of methyl cyclobutyl ketone (MCK) diluted in argon have been photolyzed at temperatures up to 205°C. Experiments have been carried out at a variety of pressures (up to ca. 2 atm) at wavelengths of 313 nm (steady state conditions) and 308 nm (pulsed photolysis). The results are consistent with a mechanism dominated by radical-radical reactions involving acetyl, methyl, and cyclobutyl radicals. Acetyl radical processes predominate at lower temperatures while methyl radical reactions are more important at high temperatures.The results are interpreted via kinetic modelling of a mechanism in which a key role is played by the acetyl radical decomposition reaction \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ ({\rm M} +)\,{\rm CH}_{\rm 3} {\rm CO}\mathop {\longrightarrow}\limits^{\rm 3} {\rm CH}_{\rm 3} + {\rm CO\, (+ M)} $$\end{document} Values for k3 have been obtained and its temperature and pressure dependence are fitted by RRKM theory and a weak-collisional activation model to yield \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm log(}k_3 ^\infty /{\rm s}^{ - 1}) = 13.3 - 17.5{\rm\, kcal\, mol}^{{\rm - 1}} /RT\ln 10 $$\end{document} This high-pressure limiting Arrhenius equation is consistent with other studies in the same temperature range, but is difficult to reconcile with higher temperature investigations.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550191105
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  • 189
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    Kinetics of the gas-phase reactions of NO3 radicals with a series of alkynes, haloalkenes, and α,β-unsaturated aldehydes (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 19 (1987), S. 299-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Rate constants for the gas-phase reactions of NO3 radicals with a series of alkynes, haloalkenes, and α,β-unsaturated aldehydes have been determined at 298 ± 2 K using a relative rate technique. Using rate constants for the reactions of NO3 radicals with ethene and propene of (1.1 ± 0.5) × 10-16 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 and (7.5 ± 1.6) × 10-15 cm3 molecule-1 s-1, respectively, the following rate constants (in units of 10-16 cm3 molecule-1 s-1) were obtained: acetylene, ≤0.23; propyne, 0.94 ± 0.44; vinyl chloride, 2.3 ± 1.1; 1,1-dichloroethene, 6.6 ± 3.1; cis-1,2-dichloroethene, 0.75 ± 0.35; trans-1,2-dichloroethene, 0.57 ± 0.27; trichloroethene, 1.5 ± 0.7; tetrachloroethene, 〈0.4; allyl chloride, 2.9 ± 1.3; acrolein, 5.9 ± 2.8; and crotonaldehyde, 41 ± 9. The atmospheric implications of these data are discussed.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550190404
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    Measurement of absolute rate data for the reaction of ground state atomic silicon, Si(33PJ), with halogenated olefinic and aromatic compounds by time-resolved atomic resonance absorption spectroscopy (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 19 (1987), S. 1083-1096 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We present a kinetic study of the reaction of ground state silicon atoms with halogenated unsaturated organic compounds (R). Si(33PJ) was generated by the repetitive pulsed irradiation of SiCl4 in the presence of excess helium buffer gas and the reactant R in a slow flow system, kinetically equivalent to a static system. The ground state atom was monitored by time-resolved atomic resonance absorption spectroscopy at λ = 252 nm [Si(43PJ) ← Si(33PJ)] on time scales by which the optically metastable tates,Si(31D2) and Si(31S0) had relaxed to the 3P state, using signal averaging methods. Computerized fitting of the resulting atomic decay traces in the presence of the various reactants, R, yielded the following new body of absolute second-order rate constants (kR, T = 300 K, errors = 2sigma;): TextRkR/cm3 molecule-1 s-1C2F41.6 ± 0.2 × 10-10C2Cl49.9 ± 1.7 × 10-10CH2CF24.0 ± 0.6 × 10-10CHClCCl27.0 ± 1.1 × 10-10CF3CH—CH24.6 ± 0.5 × 10-10C6H64.4 ± 1.0 times; 10-10C6F64.4 ± 0.6 × 10-10C6HF54.6 ± 1.3 × 10-10C6H2F43.9 ± 0.8 × 10-10C6F5 - CF35.1 ± 0.6 × 10-10These data are compared, where appropriate, with analogous data for unsaturated hydrocarbon organic compounds. They are also discussed within the general context of nuclear recoil measurements involving 31Si.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550191205
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