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  • 1985-1989  (882)
  • 1920-1924
  • 1988  (882)
  • Engineering  (598)
  • Genetics  (147)
  • Physical Chemistry  (137)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lithium attenuates clonidine-induced hypoactivity: further studies in inbred mouse strains (1988)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 94 (1988), S. 428-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Lithium ; Clonidine ; alpha2-Adrenoceptor ; Locomotor activity ; Genetics ; Mice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Four strains of mice (C57, BALB, DBA, C3H) were used to determine whether genetic factors influence the effects of lithium on hypoactivity induced by a low dose of the alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist clonidine (0.2 mg/kg). Lithium was administered in the diet for 3–4 weeks at a dosage that produced average serum lithium levels of 0.58–0.66 mmol/l. Locomotor activity was reduced by either clonidine or by lithium given alone. When combined, however, lithium attenuated the activity-suppressant effects of clonidine, and that action was influenced by genetic factors. The findings suggest that genetic differences in alpha2-adrenoceptors play a role in behavioural effects of lithium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00174702
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic control of maternal haploidy in maize (Zea mays L.) and selection of haploid inducing lines (1988)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 76 (1988), S. 405-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Zea mays ; Haploid induction ; Gynogenesis ; Genetics ; Inducer line
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The effect of genotype on maternal haploid plant production in maize was studied. The frequency of gynogenetic plants when “Stock 6” was used as pollinator varied according to the female parent genotype. No simple relation was observed between genotypic aptitudes for gynogenetic and androgenetic development, which occured after pollination of “W23” plant carrying the “indeterminate gametophyte” gene. Furthermore, the population NS, a favorably responsive genotype to anther culture, does not exhibit exceptional ability for in vivo gynogenesis. The effect of inbreeding and the influence of maternal haploid origin suggest that specific genes control maternal haploid initiation and development. However, gynogenetic development is not limited to a particular genotype. The frequency of maternal haploids may be increased by using specific pollen parents. Attempts were made to select for a high haploidyinducing trait and the present study reports the successful development of lines that can be utilized as pollen parents to induce haploids for experimental purposes and breeding programmes. When an inbred line “WS14”, derived from the cross W23 x Stock 6, was used as pollen parent, 2%–5% maternal haploids were obtained according to the female parent genotype. A high haploidy-inducing potential is a heritable trait and may be controlled by a limited number of genes. Genetic determination of the haploidy-inducing character was examined in relation to the efficiency of the selecting method and the mechanisms involved in the origin of maternal haploids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265341
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Renal lesions in Cockayne syndrome (1988)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 2 (1988), S. 239-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Cockayne syndrome ; Renal histology ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two siblings with typical features of the Cockayne syndrome were studied at autopsy. Many glomeruli revealed a paucity of capillary loops and had thickened capillary walls. Some glomeruli with advanced lesions showed collapse of the glomerular tufts or complete hyalinization. Atrophy of tubules and interstitial fibrosis were also observed. There were no significant arteriosclerotic changes in the vessels. Ultrastructural studies demonstrated thickened glomerular basement membranes with bends and folds. These histopathological findings are different to those previously reported with the exception of the 1966 report by Ohno and Hirooka.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00862599
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Non-responsiveness to hepatitis-B vaccination: Revaccination and immunogenetic typing (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 66 (1988), S. 670-674 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Genetics ; Hepatitis-B virus ; Immunogenetics ; Vaccination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The variation in immune responses to standard inoculation of the hepatitis-B virus vaccine suggest that host factors influence response in ways that are not presently understood. We studied 25 low/nonresponding health care workers (anti-HBs titer 〈50 IU/l) after the third inoculation of an experimental hepatitis-B vaccine to determine their immune status (through lymphocyte phenotypes) and HLA type. After application of a fourth inoculation, the seroconverting subjects showed only low anti-HBs levels; three male subjects remained anti-HBs negative. Twelve months after the fourth inoculation only 9 of 25 subjects (36%) maintained anti-HBs titer 〉10 IU/l. Almost all subjects had normal B-cell and CD-4 and CD-8 counts and ratios. Relative to other European populations HLA-A-10 (P〈0.05), B-12 (P〈0.025), CW-5 (P〈0.05), DR-3 (P〈0.025), and DR-5 (P〈0.025) were increased, whereas DR-2 (P〈0.05) was decreased. However, after correction of theP-values for the number of HLA antigens determined, these differences were no longer significant. Furthermore, these HLA types were not the same as those reported in other studies (except for DR-3). We suggest that larger sample sizes or even not yet available immunogenetic markers will be required to prove an “immunogenetic background” in low/nonresponders, if it exists.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01726924
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The locus ceruleus: a possible neural focus for genetic differences in emotionality (1988)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 44 (1988), S. 491-495 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Genetics ; stress ; emotionality ; locus ceruleus ; Maudsley strains
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The Maudsley Reactive and Non-Reactive strains have been developed as a model for the study of individual variations in stress-reactivity, and many differences in biobehavioral systems have been found between them. This review discusses limitations of the ‘emotionality’ construct in accounting for differences between the Maudsley strains and offers an alternative, theoretical approach. Amaral and Sinnamon have proposed that the locus ceruleus (LC) plays a stress-attenuating role in mediating behavioral, physiological and neuroendocrine response to prepotent, emergency-provoking stimuli and, building upon this formulation, it is proposed that the LC has been an important focus for gene action in the Maudsley model. It is suggested that the LC of the Non-Reactive strain is more strongly activated by stressful stimuli than the LC of Reactive rats, and is the basis of many of the behavioral and physiological differences between them. Behavioral and biochemical evidence consistent with this proposition is reviewed. Identification of the LC as a target for gene-action in the Maudsley model has an important advantage. It substitutes variations at a specific anatomic location in the brain for a loosely defined construct like emotionality, and the hypothesis is amenable to empirical tests by a variety of experimental approaches.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01958923
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiple Pterygium Syndrome type Escobar in two brothers Follow-up data from childhood to adulthood (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 147 (1988), S. 550-552 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Pterygium syndrome ; Congenital malformations ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We present two brothers with Multiple Pterygium Syndrome type Escobar. Characteristic findings in this autosomal recessively inherited pterygium syndrome are, in addition to multiple pterygia, short stature, cleft palate, vertebral fusion defects and minor facial anomalies. The adult height in the two male siblings was below the third centile. Secondary sexual development and testicular size were normal, in contrast with the cryptorchidism and pubertal delay documented in most young patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00441989
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Linkage analysis of the human insulin receptor gene in Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic families and a family with maturity onset diabetes of the young (1988)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 31 (1988), S. 792-797 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Genetics ; Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes ; insulin receptor ; linkage analysis ; maturity onset diabetes of the young
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The possibility of linkage between the human insulin receptor gene locus and diabetes was examined in three Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic families and one family with maturity onset diabetes of the young. Insulin receptor gene haplotypes were established using BglII, Rsal and Sstl restriction enzyme digests of genomic DNA from all available family members. The digested DNA was subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis, Southern blotted, and hybridised to 32P-labelled human insulin receptor gene cDNA. In the pedigree with maturity onset diabetes of the young, formal linkage analysis allowed exclusion of close linkage between the insulin receptor locus and diabetes (logarithm of the odds for linkage versus non-linkage was −5.35 at recombination fraction of 0.01). This confirms the absence of linkage between insulin receptor and diabetes which has been reported in two similar pedigrees. In the three Type 2 diabetic families there were a minimum of 4 recombinants between the insulin receptor locus and diabetes, which makes a direct role for insulin receptor defects unlikely. The importance of using realistic estimates of penetrance when performing linkage analysis in a disease with a late age of onset is emphasised. In contrast to the one previous linkage analysis study of the insulin receptor gene, no specific association of diabetes with the rare Sstl Sl(-) allele was observed in either the maturity onset diabetes of the young or the Type 2 diabetic families.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00277479
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus new genetics for old nightmares (1988)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 31 (1988), S. 407-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Genetics ; Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes ; linkage analysis ; restriction fragment length polymorphism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the last five years, genetic markers for a large number of diseases have been localised using linkage analysis of DNA polymorphisms in affected families. The site of the genetic defect or defects leading to Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus, a common illness with a major genetic component, remains unknown. This is due, at least in part, to the lack of large well-defined Type 2 diabetic pedigrees suitable for linkage analysis. There are several features of the disease which make large pedigrees difficult to find. The late age of onset of most probands means that informative older generations are often dead, while there is difficulty in detecting disease in younger generations. The diagnostic criteria for diabetes are, as yet, dependent on an arbitrary cut-off along a continuum of plasma glucose. The high prevalence of the disease may also produce problems as, in any given family, diabetogenic genes may be contributed by more than one parent. Varieties of the disease with a well-defined inheritance, such as maturity onset diabetes of youth, are more suitable for linkage analysis but might be due to defects at a different gene locus. Despite these difficulties, once large well-defined pedigrees have been found, linkage analysis using both candidate genes and random highly polymorphic markers is the strategy most likely to find genetic markers for the disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00271584
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biochemical correlates of selection for weight-for-age in chickens: twenty-fold higher muscle ornithine decarboxylase levels in modern broilers (1988)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 75 (1988), S. 432-437 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Ornithine decarboxylase ; Chicken ; Muscle ; Genetics ; Growth differences
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Little is known about the biochemical correlates of selection for growth in farm or laboratory animals, or the identity of the gene products affected or produced by ‘trait-genes’. Modern broiler chickens have about 8-fold greater breast muscle mass than layer chickens at 7 weeks of age and over 2-fold greater breast muscle mass than their 1972 counterparts. This increase in muscle mass is associated with over 20-fold higher levels of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) in broiler chickens at 1 week of age as compared with layer strain chickens; there is a comparable increase in a relaxed-selection strain of broilers. The increase in ODC levels is larger than the differences in muscle or body weight between broilers and layers at 7 weeks of age, occurs at an age when there is no difference in weights between the strains and precedes the major growth spurt. Increases in ODC levels and hence polyamine synthesis have been associated with, and usually precede, rapid growth and cell proliferation in a wide range of cell types and organisms in response to many different stimuli. Therefore, the correlation of ODC levels with genetic differences in muscle growth make it worth investigating the control of ODC gene expression in these strains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00276746
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Restriction fragment length polymorphisms as genetic markers in soybean, Glycine max (L.) merrill (1988)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 75 (1988), S. 889-901 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Soybean ; Restriction fragment length polymorphism ; Genetics ; Allele ; Variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLP) have been identified between widely distant cultivars (‘Minsoy’ and ‘Noir 1 ’) of soybean Glycine max (L.) Merrill. Using as probes randomly chosen clones of DNA, one in five probes revealed a polymorphism. More than half of these polymorphisms appear to result from rearrangements of the genomic DNA. Twenty seven markers were analyzed for linkage in F2 plants. Eleven of these markers were contained in four linkage groups. Five cultivars were compared in a search for new alleles. When RFLP markers corresponding to low copy DNA were used to analyze three other cultivars — ‘Sooty’, ‘Forrest’ and ‘Mandarin (Ottawa)’ — few new alleles were found. Using these probes, five different markers could be used to differentiate the five cultivars. Complex probes, which correspond to repeated DNA, revealed different polymorphisms in different cultivars and a single such probe could be used to distinguish the five cultivars from each other.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00258050
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contributions of taste factors and gender to opioid preference in C57BL and DBA mice (1988)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 95 (1988), S. 237-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Morphine ; Etonitazene ; Genetics ; Mice ; Taste ; Saccharine ; Gender
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mouse strains have been characterized as morphine preferrers and avoiders, respectively (Horowitz et al. 1977). Previously, sweetened morphine solutions were presented with a water alternative, primarily with male subjects. Because sweetness may affect the endogenous opioid system and rodents have shown strain and sex differences in taste preferences, this study looked for strain- and gender-related taste preferences that might have affected opiate consumption. Preference for sweetened and unsweetened morphine and etonitazene was compared across gender and strain. In all choice tests, the control was a similar tasting quinine sulphate solution. Under these conditions, C57BL/6J mice continued to show strong preference for morphine. However, DBA/2J mice drank approximately equal amounts of morphine and quinine solutions, rather than avoiding morphine as when water was the alternative. Both strains appeared surprisingly indifferent to the synthetic opioid etonitazene, compared because it is potent at concentrations having barely perceptible bitterness. This raises the possibility of unexpected differences in post-ingestional effects between morphine and etonitazene. Contrary to reports of gender differences in sweet preference in rats, none were found in either strain of mouse. Neither were there any significant sex differences in opiate preference in either strain. C57 mice preferred sweetness more than did DBA mice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00174516
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Environmental variables differentially affect ethanol-stimulated activity in selectively bred mouse lines (1988)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 95 (1988), S. 103-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Selective breeding ; Mouse ; Ethanol-stimulated activity ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Low doses of ethanol (EtOH) stimulate activity in an open field in many strains of laboratory mice. We are selectively breeding two lines of mice to exhibit a large (FAST) response on this test, and two other lines to exhibit a small (SLOW) response (Crabbe et al. 1987). The lines initially diverged in response to EtOH, but despite continued selection pressure, the difference between each pair of FAST and SLOW lines has not increased over generations as much as expected. Our practice has been to test animals on the 1st day after saline injection, and repeat the test after EtOH injection 24 h later. Lister (1987) recently demonstrated that the order in which an animal was exposed to EtOH and saline influenced the magnitude of the response to EtOH, with animals tested initially after EtOH having greater stimulation. Middaugh et al. (1987) recently demonstrated that the magnitude of EtOH stimulation was greater under conditions of relatively bright light than under dim light. Using non-selected Swiss mice, the current experiments essentially confirmed Lister's findings. Using FAST and SLOW mice, the predictions of both groups were tested. Both hypotheses were confirmed. Additionally, these experiments demonstrated that the magnitude of the difference between FAST and SLOW mice was greater under bright light than under dim light. The line difference was also greater when tested in the EtOH-Saline order. In experiments with Swiss mice, the possible role of peritoneal irritation in the EtOH effect was eliminated, and the optimal dose and time for demonstrating the effect was determined. These experiments confirm the importance of lighting condition, order of testing, dose, and route of administration in eliciting EtOH-stimulated open field activity in mice. They demonstrate a genotype-environment interaction, since the magnitude of difference between genetically selected lines varied as a function of the testing parameters chosen. Finally, they indicate that the differences between FAST and SLOW lines in sensitivity to EtOH generalizes to several environmental conditions. We interpret this to mean that the various EtOH-induced activation traits represented by these different environmental and testing conditions are genetically correlated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212776
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Concordant gilles de la tourette's syndrome in monozygotic twins: a clinical, neurophysiological and CT study (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 235 (1988), S. 366-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome ; Twin study ; Computed tomography ; Clinical neurophysiology ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A 19-year-old male twin pair were concordant for suffering from Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome in different forms and severity. CT revealed ventricular asymmetries of varying degree within the normal range and there were no neurophysiological abnormalities. The interrelationship of genetic and environmental factors in phenotyping the syndrome is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00314235
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A clinical, epidemiological and genetic study of hereditary motor neuropathies in Benghazi, Libya (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 235 (1988), S. 422-424 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Epidemiology ; Genetics ; Hereditary motor neuropathy ; Spinal muscular atrophy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A 4-year-search for spinal muscular atrophies (hereditary motor neuropathies, HMN) in Benghazi, Libya, yielded a total of 24 patients, among whom 18 were index cases. This group comprised 6 acute infantile, 12 chronic childhood, and 3 each with adult-onset proximal, and distal forms of the disorder. Distal HMN constituted 12.5% of the total cases. The crude average annual incidence of acute infantile HMN was 0.3/100,000 total population and 1/12,500 births in Benghazi. The crude prevalence rates of chronic childhood, adult-onset proximal, and distal types of HMN were 2.3, 0.6, and 0.6/100,000 respectively. The segregation ratios, 0.26 for acute infantile HMN and 0.24 for chronic childhood HMN, suggested autosomal recessive inheritance. The consanguinity rates among parents of cases and the population did not differ significantly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00314486
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human-type ABO blood groups as genetic markers for the management of a squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) breeding colony (1988)
    Springer
    Primates 29 (1988), S. 287-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Keywords: Saimiri ; Human-type ABO blood groups ; Genetics ; Colony management
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The human-type ABO blood groups were determined for 94 families of the squirrel monkey which included 151 animals. Four phenotypes of ABO blood groups (A, B, AB, and O) were detected. Family analysis revealed that the human-type ABO blood groups in this species were governed by three alleles, codominantA andB and silentO. There were intraspecific differences in the distribution of phenotypes and gene frequency among three populations imported by different routes at different times. The usefulness of ABO blood groups for defining the genetic variability of a squirrel monkey breeding colony through successive generations is discussed on the basis of the difference in distribution of ABO blood groups between wild-originated parental and its first colony-born populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02381130
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The within-pair EEG similarity of twins reared apart (1988)
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 237 (1988), S. 244-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: EEG ; Genetics ; MZ/DZ twins reared apart ; Within-pair similarity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Within the broader context of our investigations into the heredity of the human EEG, we analysed the EEGs of 28 pairs of monozygotic and 21 pairs of dizygotic twins who were separated as infants and reared apart. The principal goal of this study was to determine the degree to which environmental factors possibly influence the development of a person's EEG. Monozygotic twins reared apart were, with respect to their EEGs, only slightly less similar to each other (if there is any difference at all) than the same person is to himself over time. For dizygotic twins reared apart, we verified the findings of our previous study, namely, that the average within-pair similarity of EEGs estimated from a sufficiently representative sample of fraternal twins was significantly higher than the average inter-individual similarity of EEGs obtained from unrelated persons. The results on both monozygotic and dizygotic twins, yielded conclusive proof that the individual EEG pattern is predominantly determined by hereditary factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00449914
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variation in kafirin and alcohol-soluble glutelin chromatograms of sorghum inbred lines revealed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (1988)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 76 (1988), S. 97-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Taxonomy ; Germplasm identification ; Varietal identity ; Environmental interaction ; Genetics ; Multivariate analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Separations of kafirin and alcohol soluble glutelin proteins by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) from 7 inbreds and one hybrid of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] and one source of Johnsongrass [Sorghum halapense (L.) Pers.] were compared. Objectives were to assess the stability of protein profiles for seed sources produced at different locations and in different environments to examine the potential of RP-HPLC to provide genotypic profiles for sorghum. Analyses of variance data showed that levels of variation due to environments and locations were small; the majority of variation (93%) was among genotypes. Associations among inbreds revealed by multivariate and cluster analysis showed similarity with those that would be expected on the basis of pedigree. A chi-square analysis showed no deviation in the hybrid profile from the expected 2∶1 ratio of peaks from the female and male inbred parents, respectively. Improvements in the ability to correctly assign common peaks are necessary before associations among numerous sorghum genotypes can be reliably demonstrated by analysis of data from reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00288838
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic analysis of nitrate reductase deficient mutants of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia: Evidence for six complementation groups among 70 classified molybdenum cofactor deficient mutants (1988)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 213 (1988), S. 206-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Nicotiana plumbaginifolia ; Nitrate reductase ; Genetics ; Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A total of 70 cnx mutants have been characterized from a collection of 211 nitrate reductase deficient (NR-) mutants isolated from mutagenized Nicotiana plumbaginifolia protoplast cultures after chlorate selection and regeneration into plants. They are presumed to be affected in the biosynthesis of the molybdenum cofactor since they are also deficient for xanthine dehydrogenase activity but contain NR apoenzyme. The remaining clones were classified as nia mutants. Sexual crosses performed between cnx mutants allowed them to be classified into six independent complementation groups. Mutants representative of these complementation groups were used for somatic hybridization experiments with the already characterized N. plumbaginifolia mutants NX1, NX24, NX23 and CNX103 belonging to the complementation groups cnxA, B, C and D respectively. On the basis of genetic analysis and somatic hybridization experiments, two new complementation groups, cnxE and F, not previously described in higher plants, were characterized. Unphysiologically high levels of molybdate can restore the NR activity of cnxA mutant seedlings in vivo, but cannot restore NR activity to any mutant from the other cnx complementation groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00339583
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A novel oxygen induced reduction of α, β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds by benzeneselenol (1988)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 1 (1988), S. 115-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A novel oxygen induced reduction of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds is discovered. The reduction of the carbon-carbon double bond of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds by benzeneselenol was caused by an introduction of molecular oxygen into the reaction system. This reduction is likely to proceed via a radical chain pathway involving an SH2 type reaction between a phenylseleno radical and a 1,2-adduct of benzeneselenol to the carbonyl group of the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound to give an allylic radical which absracts a hydrogen atom from benzeneselenol to form the reduction product.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.610010207
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ESR studies of photochemical reaction of 2-methyl-3-acetylquinoxaline N,N′-dioxide(MAQO) (1988)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 1 (1988), S. 191-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The photochemical reaction of MAQO with various aromatic amines were studied by ESR. The results show that nitroxide radicals are stable productrs of the photooxidation of both diphenylamines and phenylamines. The photolyzed phenothiazine does not yield nitroxide as the final product, instead it gives the neutral radical as the stable final product.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.610010403
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    Syntheses, spectroscopic characterization and electronic structure of cyclopropenylidene ligated platinum complexes (1988)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 1 (1988), S. 333-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: New series of platinum complexes of cyclopropenylidenes of the types of PtX2(CP)2 and trans-PtX(PBu3)2(CP) have been synthesized, where CP is di-t-butylcyclopropenylidene (BCP) or bis(diisopropylamino)cyclopropenylidene (ACP). The 13C-NMR chemical shifts, and 13C-195Pt coupling constants (1JPtC) for the complexes are discussed in comparison with those values derived from closely related series of compounds, trans-PtCl(PR3)2L; L — —CH3, —C6H5 and —C≡CBu-t. An excellent linear relationship through the origin was obtained between 1JPtC and the formal ‘s’ % character of the carbon directly bonded to Pt for the series trans-PtCl(PR3)2L in which the Pt—C bond is regarded as a pure σ-linkage, whereas 1JPtC deviates largely from this relationship when pπ—dπ bonding interaction possibly exists in the Pt—C bond. The NMR data suggest the strong nmr trans-influence of the cyclopropenylidenes and that in the Pt—CP bond the σ-interaction is appreciable but the π-interaction is negligible.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.610010604
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1988)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 1 (1988) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.610010301
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  • 23
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    Photocyclization of N-Alkyl-N-(3-aryl-3-butenyl) ureas. Hydrogen transfer via charge transfer exciplexes in alkene photochemistry (1988)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 1 (1988), S. 123-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Photolysis of N-alkyl-N-(3-aryl-3-butenyl) ureas (1) in acetonitrile gave cyclization products, 3-aryl-3-methyl-pyrrolidines, in good yields, whereas irradiation of 1 in methanol afforded methanol adducts as well as the cyclization products. Both the reactions are singlet reactions, and the cyclization is presumed to proceed via 1,6-hydrogen transfer from exciplexes with charge transfer character.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 24
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    The Effect of hydrophobic-lipophilic interactions on chemical reactivity. 12. Mechanistic investigations of NaCMA-catalyzed hydrolysis of esters (1988)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 1 (1988), S. 143-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The dependence of the catalytic efficiencies of sodium carboxymethylamylose (NaCMA) for the hydrolysis of N-lauryl-3-acetoxypyridinium iodide (1) and p-nitrophenyl dodecanoate (3) on its degree of substitution (D. S. = 0·00, 0·12, 0·18, 0·24, 0·29 and 0·35) and on the pH values of the solutions (pH = 7·32, 7·80, 8·10 and 9·30) have been studied. At fixed D. S. values, the observed hydrolysis rates of 1 and 3 increase with increasing concentrations of NaCMA and follow saturation kinetics. At fixed concentration of NaCMA, the rates increase with decreasing D. S. values until they reach maxima at D. S. = 0·00. Furthermore, at any D. S. value the catalytic efficiency increases with increasing pH values of the solutions. All these results indicate that the hydroxyl groups are actually the principal catalyzing groups.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.610010304
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1988)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 1 (1988) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.610010401
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  • 26
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    Participation of beta carbon-silicon bonds in the development of positive charge in five-membered rings (1988)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 1 (1988), S. 169-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The development of positive charge β to silicon in a saturated five-membered ring has been studied in the cis- and trans-2-(trimethylsilyl)cyclopentyl trifluoroacetates. The cis substrate solvolyzes in 97% trifluoroethanol at 25° C about 5 times faster than the analogous six-membered ring, after correction for differences in ring strain. The trans substrate solvolyzes about 360 times more slowly than the analogous six-membered ring. These changes are in agreement with a hyperconjugative mechanism for interaction between the silyl group and the developing positive charge. The expected cosine-squared dependence of hyperconjugation on the Si—C—C—X dihedral angle suggests that the cis dihedral angle is reduced somewhat from the 60° in the six-membered ring, and the trans dihedral angle is reduced substantially from the 180° in the six-membered ring.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.610010307
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acidities of radical cations derived from arylacetonitriles (1988)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 1 (1988), S. 209-223 
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    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The equilibrium acidities of phenylacetonitrile, and 20 of its m- and p-substituted derivatives have been measured in Me2SO solution. Their pKa′s plot linearly with those of the corresponding anilines. Combination of the pKa′s of these acids with their oxidation potentials, Eox(HA), and those of their conjugate bases, Eox(A-), provide an estimate of the acidities of the corresponding radical cations. The pKHA+ values for ArCH2CN+., where Ar is Ph, 1- and 2-naphthyl, and 9-anthryl, are -32, -18·5, -17·5, and -11, respectively, compared to 21·9, 20·85, 20·65, and 19·8 for the corresponding ArCH2CN acids. Acidities of PhCH(Me)CN+., Ph2CHCN+., 9-CN-FlH+., and 9-CN-XnH+. are -33, -35, -25, and -27, respectively, compared to 23·0, 17·5, 8·3, and 13·6 for the corresponding acids from which they were derived. The homolytic bond dissociation energies (BDEs) for the benzylic C—H bonds in these arylacetonitriles, estimated by combining pKHA with Eox(A-), fall in the range of 69 kcal/mol for 9-CN-XnH to 82 kcal/mol for PhCH2CN. For GC6H4CH2CN+. radical cations the acidities are decreased, relative to G=H, when G is an electron donor substituent and increased when G is an acceptor. The BDEs of the benzylic C—H bonds in GC6H4CH2CN are weakened by up to 4 kcal/mol by para donors and strengthened by up to 1·2 kcal/mol by m- or p-acceptors. The significance of these changes in BDEs with regard to the use of σ. scales and the ΔAOP method for estimating substituent effects on radical stabilities is discussed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.610010405
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  • 28
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    Oxygen-atom transfer chemistry of α-AZO hydroperoxides: Effect of competitive intramolecular hydrogen bonding and α-methyl substitution (1988)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 1 (1988), S. 259-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: 1-(Phenylazo)-1-(2-pyridyl)ethyl hydroperoxide, 1, 1-(phenylazo)-1-(2-furyl)ethyl hydroperoxide, 2, phenylazo(2-furyl)methyl hydroperoxide, 3, 1-(phenylazo)-1-(4-anisyl)ethyl hydroperoxide, 4, were synthesized in moderate yield by autoxidation of the phenylhydrazones in benzene. The ionic oxidation of benzyl methyl sulfide in benzene by 1-4 yielded the sulfoxide and the metastable α-azo hydroxides in essentially quantitative yield. The reaction was of the first order in α-azo hydroperoxide and sulfide, respectively. The relative reactivity series found was: 1(1.0) 〈4(1.4) 〈 phenylazo(4-anisyl)methyl hydroperoxide 5 (2·9) 〈2 (3·8) 〈 3 (9·6). α-Methyl substitution was found to slow the rate of oxygen-atom trasfer by a factor of 2 to 2.5. The low relative reactivity of 1 was opposite that expected based on electronic effects. Competitive intramolecular hydrogen bonding of the hydroperoxy proton to the pyridyl nitrogen in 1 accounted for the observed result.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.610010503
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  • 29
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    Extrusions of dibromocarbene under neutral conditions (1988)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 1 (1988), S. 281-285 
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    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The thermal and photochemical decompositions of 5 have been studied. Both reactions lead to CBr2 transfer in good to high yields. With the 2-pentenes as substrates, CBr2 transfer is stereospecific in the classical singlet carbene manner.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.610010506
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  • 30
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    Electronic Resource
    Homocub-1(9)-ene trapped (1988)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 1 (1988), S. 305-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Decomposition of the tosylhydrazone salts formed from cubyl carboxaldehyde and homocubanone, potential precursors of cubylcarbene (5) and homocubanylidene (6), leads in each case to products derived from 6. It is suggested that homocub-1(9)-ene (7) is the active ingredient in the formation of 6 from both precursors. The hydrazones formed from N-aziridylamines are useful photochemical sources of 6, and presumably other carbenes. Flash vacuum pyrolysis of the tosyl hydrazone salts and hydrazones at 600°C leads to indene.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.610010509
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  • 31
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    Novel reactions of sterically protected fused 1,2,3-selenadiazole. A new aspect of reactivity of organoselenium intermediates (1988)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 1 (1988), S. 317-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Light- and heat-induced decompositions and reactions with nucleophiles of 6,6,8,8-tetramethyl-2-selena-3,4-diaza-7-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octa- 1(5),3-diene have been studied. In contrast with the conversion to the cyclopentyne derivative (9), selenium containing intermediates (6a, 6b, and 7) were efficiently trapped using several reagents to give various kinds of organoselenium compounds. Of particular note is the isolation of a stable selenirane derivative (16) obtained by the cycloaddition of the photochemically generated selenirene intermediate (7) with furan. The character and reactivity of the intermediates are also discussed.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.610010603
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  • 32
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    The solvatochromic equation and insight into chemical reactivity (1988)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 1 (1988), S. 359-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Reaction rates for solvolysis of a mustard analogue are accurately correlated by the solvatochromic equation without inclusion of a nucleophilicity term, and thus the equation is shown to reveal mechanistically significant information.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.610010606
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    Masthead (1988)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 1 (1988) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.610010501
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  • 34
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    Concerning the weakness of intramolecular general acid catalysis in the hydrolysis of vinyl ethers. o-carboxy-α-methoxy-β,β-dimethylstyrene (1988)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 1 (1988), S. 247-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The rate of hydrolysis of the aromatic vinyl ether o-carboxy-α-methoxy-β,β-dimethylstyrene was found to be accelerated 25-fold by ionization of its carboxylic acid group, but the effective molarity which may be calculated if all of this rate acceleration is ascribed to intramolecular general acid catalysis is only EM = 1 · 1 m. This is similar to the small effective molarities found before for intramolecular catalysis by carboxylic acid groups of aliphatic vinyl ethers, which shows that, unlike the situation in other intramolecular reactions, e.g. ketone enolization, the extra rigidity of aromatic over aliphatic systems does not improve the efficiency of intramolecular catalysis in vinyl ether hydrolysis.It is suggested that this behaviour is the result of reduced conjugation between the vinyl ether group and the aromatic ring in the transition state of the vinyl ether hydrolysis reaction, which retards the rate and offsets any improvement effected by increased rigidity of the aromatic system.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.610010502
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  • 35
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    Synthesis of optically active 2,2′-diselenocyanato-1,1′-binaphthyl and its molecular structure. Hypervalent nature of divalent selenium atom in crystal state (1988)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 1 (1988), S. 179-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: 2,2′-Diselenocyanato-1,1′-binaphthyl(1), the first selenium-containing binaphthyl derivative, has been synthesized in optically active form the corresponding diamine by diazotization followed by the reaction with potassium selenocyanate. Its molecular structure is determined by X-ray diffraction method. It is revealed that selenium atoms have hypervalent penta-coordination in the crystal.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.610010308
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  • 36
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    Ab initio Mo calculations on the rearrangements of 7-oxa-2-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl cations. The facile migration of acyl group in wagner-meerwein rearrangements (1988)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 1 (1988), S. 287-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Ab initio STO-3G and 6-31G minimized geometries of 5-oxo- (9), 6-oxo-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl cation (12) and 7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl cation (15) were obtained. The energy barriers for their Wagner-Meerwein rearrangements to the more stable 5-oxo- (11), 6-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl (13) and 3-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl (17) cations, respectively, have been evaluated and compared with those calculated for the rearrangement of the 5-oxo (18) and 6-oxobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl cations (20). In agreement with experimental data, the ‘true migratory aptitude’ of an acyl group is higher than that of β-oxoalkyl group in competitive Wagner-Meerwein rearrangments that are ‘energetically unbiased’. The ease of the acyl group 1,2-shift toward an electron-deficient center is related to the electron-donating ability of the carbonyl group due to favorable n(CO) ↔ σ σ ↔ p(C+) hyperconjugative interaction.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.610010507
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    Free radical chain reactions of ate complexes. Electron transfer processes 42 (1988)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 1 (1988), S. 299-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Iodide ion promotes the free radical reaction of isopropylmercury idide with bromotrichloromethane to yield isopropyl bromide with rate enhancement in the order of 104. The reaction involves electron transfer from i-PrHgI2- to the trichloromethyl radical in a long kinetic chain process. Iodide ion also promotes the free radical chain conjugate addition of tert-butylmercury chloride to α,β-unsaturated ketones, esters, phosphonate esters and sulfones. Competitive reactivity studies indicate that lithium di-tert-butylcuprates or tri-tert-butylzincates react with 2-cycloalkenones by a mechanism involving attack by tert-butyl radicals. No evidence for radical attack is observed for the corresponding n-butyl ate complexes of copper or zinc.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.610010508
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  • 38
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    Effect of cosolvent additives on relative rates of photooxidation on semiconductor surfaces (1988)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 1 (1988), S. 103-114 
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    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The effect of solvent additives on the course of TiO2 photocatalyzed oxygenation of α-methylstyrene has been studied. While the addition of small amounts of nonhalogenated alcohols to TiO2 powders suspended in acetonitrile was found to decrease the rate of photooxygenation, added halogenated alcohols increase the rate of reaction. In addition, the solvent additives affect the observed product distribution.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.610010206
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  • 39
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    Oxygen induced reduction: Reaction of benzeneselenol with aromatic aldehydes in the presence of oxygen (1988)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 1 (1988), S. 119-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Reduction of aromatic aldehydes by benzeneselenol is found to be promoted by molecular oxygen to give corresponding alcohols in good yields. No reduction took place without oxygen.A free radical process involving SH2 reaction at the selenium atom is proposed where the phenylseleno radical attacks the selenium atom of selenohemiacetal, the adduct of benzeneselenol to aldehyde, to give the ketyl radical which then abstracts hydrogen from benzeneselenol. The intermediacy of selenohemiacetal is supported by a quantitative reduction of α-methoxybenzyl phenyl selenide, which is used as a model compound of the intermediate.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.610010208
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  • 40
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    The effect of hydrophobic-lipophilic interactions on chemical reactivity. 11. The dependence of the wrapping-up capability of sodium carboxymethylamylose on its degree of substitution (1988)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 1 (1988), S. 133-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The dependency of the wrapping-up capability of sodium carboxymethylamylose (NaCMA) on its degree of substitution (D. S. = 0·00, 0·12, 0·18, 0·24, 0·29, 0·35 and 0·41) have been studied, using two guest species, iodine and cetyl-trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The λmax values of NaCMA-iodine helical inclusion complexes decrease with increasing D. S. values and the amounts of encapsulated iodine by NaCMA as measured by amperometric titrations also decrease with increasing D. S. values. With CTAB as the substrate, the largest number of binding sites, n, and the dissociation constants Kd have been determined by the method of surface tension versus the CTAB concentration plots. The results show that n decreases while Kd increases with increasing D. S. values. All these observations point to the fact that the wrapping-up capability of NaCMA decreases with increasing degrees of substitution. The results are discussed in terms of host-guest and host-solvent hydrophobic-lipophilic interactions as well as intramolecular hydrogen-bonding.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.610010303
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  • 41
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    Reaction branching as a mechanistic alternative to tunneling in explaining anomalous temperature-dependencies of kinetic isotope effects (1988)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 1 (1988), S. 161-167 
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    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The temperature-dependence of the kinetic isotope effects for branched reactions proceeding via a common intermediate has been simulated by calculations. It is shown that, under certain conditions, anomalously small isotope effects on the Arrhenius preexponential factors, as well as unusually large observed isotope effects, may originate from the branching.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.610010306
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  • 42
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    Non-planar structures of the pentafluoroallyl and 1,1-difluoroallyl anions (1988)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 1 (1988), S. 153-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The structures of the allyl anion (1) and two fluoro-substituted derivatives, perfluoro (2) and 1,1-difluoro (3) have been calculated by ab inito molecular orbital theory. Geometries were gradient optimized, and force fields and an MP-2 correlation correction were determined at stationary points. The calculations were done with a double zeta basis set augmented by d functions on carbon (DZ + Dc). Final self-consistent field (SCF) and MP-2 energy calculations were done with the DZ + Dc basis set augmented by diffuse functions. The ground state of 1 is the planar allyl anion (C2v). The rotation barrier in 1 is 21·1 kcal/mol at the MP-2 level. The cyclopropyl carbanion is 27·0 kcal/mol higher in energy at the MP-2 level. The perfluoroallyl anion is not planar, and the rotated structure is 25·7 kcal/mol more stable than the C2v structure at the MP-2 level. The lowest energy structure on the potential energy surface for 2 is the perfluorocyclopropyl carbanion which is 27·8 kcal/mol more stable than the C2v structure at the MP-2 level. The 1,1-difluoroallyl anion is also not planar. Here the most stable structure on the potential energy surface is the rotated allyl anion which is 8·3 kcal/mol more stable than the all-planar allyl anion structure.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    Nonplanar phenyl ring and inverse order of solvolytic reactivity for tertiary benzylic substrates (1988)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 1 (1988), S. 241-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The rates of solvolysis of l-aryl-l-phenyl-2,2-dimethylpropyl(1) p-nitrobenzoates and of aryldiphenylmethyl-p-nitrobenzoates (2) were measured in 80% acetone. An inverse order of reactivity, kp-CF3/km- CF3 〉 l was observed for 1 but not for 2. The X-ray crystallogoraphic study of the parent compounds, l,l-diphenyl-2,2-dimethylpropyl-p-nitrobenzoate (1b) and triphenylemethyl benzoate (3b), and of 2-phenyl-2-propyl-p-nitrobenzoate (4) indicated that in the highly congested system 1 both phenyl rings were nonplanar, whereas the phenyl rings in 3 and 4 were essentially planar.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.610010407
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    NMR studies on the restricted rotation of 1-[2-(1-phenyl) propyl]-2,5-dimethylpyrrole derivatives (1988)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 1 (1988), S. 185-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: From the 1H-NMR spectra of the various pyrrole compounds, 1-substituted 2,5-dimethylpyrroles having two substituent groups on the carbon adjacent to the nitrogen atom were found to be very much hindered compounds. 1-[(1-Substituted)-2-phenylethyl]-2,5-dimethylpyrroles showed the restricted rotation, and the phenyl group of the most stable conformer was in close proximity to the pyrrole group due to dipole interaction. These NMR observations were supported by force field conformational analysis.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.610010402
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    Electron spin resonance study on radicals stabilized by the σ-π captodative effect1 (1988)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 1 (1988), S. 197-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: ESR spectra of l-cyano-2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl and related radicals were recorded. Temperature dependent ESR spectra of these radicals revealed that electron-releasing trimethylsilylmethyl and electron-withdrawing cyano groups synergetically functioned to stabilize the radical centers due to σ-π captodative effects.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.610010404
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    Acidities of benzyl phenyl sulfones and of the corresponding radical cations. Homolytic bond dissociation energies (BDEs) of α—C—H bonds in benzyl phenylsulfones (1988)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 1 (1988), S. 225-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The excellent linearity (R2 = 0·997) of a plot of pKa values for 17 m- and p-substituted benzyl phenyl sulfones, GC6H4CH2SO2Ph, vs. those for the corresponding arylacetonitrile, GC6H4CH2CN, demonstrates that substituent solvation and substituent solvation assisted resonance (SSAR) effects for p-CN, p-COPh, and p-SPh are nearly identical in these two substrates. The PhSO2 group in PhCH2SO2Ph increases the BDE of the α-C—H bond by 2 kcal/mol, relative to toluene. The α-C—H bonds in GC6H4CH2SO2Ph sulfones are stabilized by 1-2 kcal/mol by acceptor G′s (m-CN, p-CN, m-CF3, p-CF3), but weakened by 1 and 5 kcal/mol, respectively, by donors (p-OMe and p-NMe2). The GC6H4CH2SO2Ph+. radical cation with G = H has a pKHA+. = -25. Its acidity is increased when G is an acceptor by as much as 9 to 10 kcal/mol (G = 3-CN, 3-CF3, 4-CF3, 4-NO2), but is decreased when G is a donor by as much as 33 kcal/mol (G = NMe2). When G = 4-SPh the radical cation is stabilized, relative to G = H, by a larger amount (25 kcal/mol) than when G = 4-OMe (18 kcal/mol). Structural changes along the series PhCH2SO2Ph, 2-naphthyl-CH2SO2Ph, 9-anthryl CH2SO2Ph cause negligible changes in the acidities of these acids, but sizable decreases in the acidities of the corresponding radical cations. Introduction of a phenylsulfonyl group into the methyl group of 9-methylanthracene or the 9-position of fluorene or xanthene increase the BDEs by 3, 2, and 7 kcal/mol, respectively. These effects of PhSO2 groups are compared and contrasted with those of CN groups.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.610010406
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    The lone-pair orbitals of triaziridine (1988)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 1 (1988), S. 267-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The PE spectra of four stable bicyclic triaziridines with trifluoromethyl, methyl, phenyl, spirocyclopentane and spirocyclohexane substituents are measured. From a comparison of these experimental data with MNDO calculations the energies and the interactions of the nitrogen lone-pair orbitals were obtained. The trifluoromethyl group may be reliably simulated by a fluorine atom. The ionization potentials are unexpectedly high and so are the cyclovoltammetric anodic potentials. The MNDO valence electron densities are in agreement with the comparatively small differences in the chemical shifts of the differently substituted nitrogens of the triaziridine rings.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.610010504
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    2,3:5,6-bis(ethylenedithio)- and bis(trimethylenedithio)-N,N′- dicyanoquinonediimines as new electron acceptors (1988)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 1 (1988), S. 275-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: In order to examine the substituent effect of ethylenedithio and trimethylenedithio groups on electron acceptors, the two title compounds were prepared in one step from the corresponding quinones. These species behave as weak π-electron acceptors owing to the electronic and sterical effects of the fused groups. Only the bis(ethylenedithio) derivative formed a charge-transfer complex with tetrathiotetracene, which showed a moderate electric conductivity of 2·0 × 10-2 S cm-1. In addition, both species oxidized copper, sodium, and potassium iodides to give the corresponding deeply colored metal salts, most of which were semiconductive. The naphtho analogs were similarly studied, but hardly served as electron acceptors.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.610010505
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    Masthead (1988)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 1 (1988) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.610010601
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    Photoinduced potentiometric response of poly(vinyl chloride)/spirobenzopyran/crown ether composite memberanes modified with urease (1988)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 1 (1988), S. 309-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Photoresponse of the poly(vinyl chloride) membranes, which contain spirobenzopyran and crown ether, covered with a urease layer was studied in the presence and absence of urea. In the absence of urea, UV light irradiation induced more than 160 mV of membrane potential change, whereas the photoresponse decreased with an increase in the concentration of urea in the solution. The effects of such operating variables as crown loading and pH and ionic strength in the aqueous phase on the potentiometric response were also elucidated in the presence of urea. The results were explicated using the fact that the local concentration on NH4+ and H+ ions changed as a result of the urease-catalyzed decomposition reaction of urea.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.610010602
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    Complex formation between 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene and 1,8-diazabicyclo-[5,4,0]-undec-7-ene (1988)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 1 (1988), S. 351-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The title reaction is an instance of a simple nucleophilic attack of neutral nitrogen on aromatic sp2 carbon. The kinetic data (obtained in dimethyl sulphoxide) are compared to the results reported by the literature for the same reaction of aliphatic amines. Some possible interactions (substrate/nucleophile, substrate/salt) preceding the attack of the nucleophile are discussed.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.610010605
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    Time domain absorbing boundary condition in Layered media (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 1 (1988), S. 115-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An absorbing boundary condition for simple layered media is presented. The method enables the modelling of open space radiation and scattering problems when the source (or scatterer) and a plane interface between two media are both located within the finite-difference or finite-element region. The projection operator method is used to take into account the presence of reflected waves at the media interface. The derivation of the projection operator is presented for one, two and three dimensions. Examples of electromagnetic radiation and scattering in two dimensions are presented to illustrate the numerical implementation and validity of the new absorbing boundary condition.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660010207
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    Optimal control and stochastic estimation: Theory and applications, M. J. Grimble and M. A. Johnson; Wiley, Chichester, 1988. Vol. 1, No. of pages: 582, Price: £65.00, ISSN: 0471-905933. Vol. 2, No. of pages: 424, Price: £50.00, ISSN: 0471-912654 (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 1 (1988), S. 129-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660010208
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    A design method for partial-response filters (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 1 (1988), S. 131-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A design method for filters having duobinary signal pulses as impulse response is presented.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660010302
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    Spectral technique in electronic circuit analysis (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 1 (1988), S. 137-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660010303
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    A new time-domain model for spontaneous emission in semiconductor lasers and its use in predicting their transient response (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 1 (1988), S. 153-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Spontaneous emission noise power, although small in magnitude, affects many aspects of the semiconductor laser's operation. An accurate model has been developed for it for use in the transmission-line laser model (TLLM), which is a time-domain, wideband, dynamic, non-adiabatic semiconductor laser model. The effects of approximations used in other dynamic laser models are then investigated by comparison with the results from the TLLM. The study shows that the representation of this noise power has an important bearing on the damping of modelled transient oscillations.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660010304
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    Call for papers (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 1 (1988), S. 171-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660010306
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    Radio frequency simulation of a complex printed circuit board layout by the quasi-static boundary element method (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 1 (1988), S. 165-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A method for analysing the electrical effect of a set of conducting strips is presented. This method is applied to modelling the electrical behaviour of conducting tracks on a printed circuit board (PCB). Unlike most other published work, this analysis is not restricted to the case where the tracks are parallel. The problem is formulated in terms of an admittance matrix. A boundary element method incorporating image theory is used to produce a system of linear equations. These are solved to yield the required admittance matrix, which can then be incorporated into a standard circuit analysis package. Comparisons between measured and predicted circuit performance for a complex layout show close agreement up to at least 1 GHz.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    Editorial (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 1 (1988), S. 173-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660010402
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    High-frequency propagation on nonuniform multiconductor transmission lines in uniform media (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 1 (1988), S. 175-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The asymptotic form, for high frequencies, of the equations of propagation on a nonuniform N-conductor transmission line is considered. Under the assumption of perfect conditions in uniform, isotropic media, all N propagation velocities are the same, but the characteristic impedance matrix is allowed to vary with position along the line. Closed-form solutions are obtained for some cases of interest.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660010403
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    Two-dimensional numerical simulation of short-gate-length gaAs MESFETs and application to the travelling gunn domain phenomenon (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 1 (1988), S. 19-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The Boltzmann transport equation is used to derive a set of conservation equations which is capable of describing the electron transport phenomena in a single-valley semiconductor. These conservation equations are averaged over the different valleys of the conduction band to develop another set of equations that can be used to describe accurately the electron transport phenomena in a multi-valley semiconductor, such as GaAs, using the equivalent single-electron gas model whose characteristics are the average weighted characteristics of the constituent gases. The nonstationary effects are included by using energy dependent mobility and electron temperature functions. This program is used to simulate a GaAs MESFET with a 0·5 μm gate length and a 0.2 μm thick active layer. The active layer is doped at 1017 cm-3. A travelling Gunn domain is observed between the gate and the drain. The domain oscillation frequency is much higher than the normal operating frequency of the MESFET. The domain formation's dependence on the gate bias and the active layer thickness are also presented.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660010105
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    Masthead (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 1 (1988) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660010201
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    Application of the symmetrized transmission-line matrix method to the cold modelling of magnetrons (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 1 (1988), S. 61-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Two- and three-dimensional electromagnetic resonance calculations have been performed on rising-sun magnetron structures. These calculations have been made using the transmission-line matrix method. Cylindrical coordinates have been used in order to facilitate modelling of the essentially cylindrical device. Recent improvements to the TLM technique, such as the development of the symmetric condensed node for electromagnetics, have been fully exploited. The numerical procedure is described, the modelling process is discussed, and the results obtained are evaluated in comparisons with corresponding empirical data.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660010108
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    Characterization of coupled finlines by generalized transverse resonance method (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 1 (1988), S. 45-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The conventional transverse resonance method, which has been widely used for the approximate characterization of a number of guiding structures and leaky wave antennas, is formulated in a generalized form. The transverse resonance viewpoint combined with the generalized matrix representation of discontinuities yields a rigorous transverse equivalent circuit of the guiding structure.This technique is used to compute the characteristics of both symmetrical and asymmetrical double slot unilateral finlines in terms of phase constant and characteristic impedance of the dominant as well as higher-order modes. Numerical aspects of this method are discussed.In a double-slot finline structure, a coupled-mode regime is established with the onset of the first higher-order mode in addition to the dominant quasi-TEM mode. Symmetrical structures are simply modelled in terms of even and odd mode characteristics, but a more general coupled-line model, in terms of the C-mode and the II-mode must be applied to asymmetrical coupled finlines.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660010107
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    Peter Bruce Johns 1938-1988 (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 1 (1988), S. 71-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660010202
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    Transmission-line modelling of nonlinear reactive components and mutual inductances (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 1 (1988), S. 85-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Transmission-line models (TLMs) for nonlinear reactive components and mutual inductances are derived. The model for nonlinear reactive components is shown to be an improvement on the previous one. TLM results with the mutual inductance model are compared with the exact solution, and good agreement is found.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660010204
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    A hybrid modelling technique for underwater acoustic scattering (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 1 (1988), S. 189-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A numerical method using impulse analysis of a transmission-line matrix is used to model the scattering of underwater acoustic waves. The method is demonstrated by observation of plane and curved wavefronts travelling through the medium, and by plane wavefronts being scattered by a reflecting boundary.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660010404
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    Radar cross-section reduction studies of partially open cavity structures (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 1 (1988), S. 207-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Shooting and bouncing rays (SBR) is a numerical method based on geometric optics developed to compute the electromagnetic scattering from jet inlets and partially open cavity structures. This method is used to study the effects of shaping on the radar cross-section (RCS) of cavities. Two cylindrical cavity structures are analysed: one with a uniform circular cross-section, and the other with a non-uniform cross-section varying from a triangular shape to a circular shape. By bending the longitudinal axis of a cylindrical cavity, a significant reduction in RCS at near axial incidence can be achieved.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660010405
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  • 69
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 1 (1988) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660010101
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  • 70
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    Editorial (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 1 (1988), S. 1-1 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660010102
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  • 71
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    The modelling of multiaxial discontinuities in quasi-planar structures with the modified TLM method (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 1 (1988), S. 7-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The principal features of the modified TLM method such as the asymmetrical condensed node, graded mesh and dispersion characteristics, are briefly presented. Its general application to multiaxial discontinuities in quasi-planar structures is described, and the modelling of bilateral finline T-junctions is demonstrated in particular.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660010104
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  • 72
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    Some thoughts on the numerical modelling of electromagnetic processes (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 1 (1988), S. 3-6 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The use of models in giving meaning to sense data is described. It is shown that models are essential to human understanding, but that there are no uniquely ‘best’ models. This leads to the discussion of the design of suitable models for engineering use. The role of physical and mathematical models is mentioned, and attention is drawn to geometrical and physical features. It is stated that numerical methods have overriding advantages, one of which is the possibility of numerical experimentation. The modelling of vector fields is discussed and attention is drawn to the ideas of differential geometry which attach the vector field to the space in which it acts. It is shown that variational methods, together with numerical experiments, can be used to derive invariant parameters which give both global and local information about electromagnetic systems in a particularly economical method of computation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660010103
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  • 73
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    Coupling between electromagnetic fields and multiconductor transmission systems using TLM (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 1 (1988), S. 31-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The coupling between incident electromagnetic fields and lossless multiconductor transmission systems is studied using transmission-line modelling-(TLM) and the impedance parameters of the transmission system. This calculation is a two-stage procedure:firstly, the field problem is solved, with no conductors present, to give the incident fields; secondly, the multiconductor transmission-line problem is solved using equivalent voltage and current sources representing coupling from the incident fields. Comparison of these results with previously published work shows excellent agreement. The numerical model presented is particularly suitable for studying electromagnetic compatibility problems.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660010106
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  • 74
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    A discrete model of substitutional-interstitial diffusion in the Czochralski growth of semiconductor crystals (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 1 (1988), S. 73-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A discrete model is developed to describe the diffusion of dopant/impurity in a single semiconductor crystal during Czochralski growth. The basic diffusion mechanism is assumed to be substitutional-interstitial interchange for the impurity, together with self-diffusion of the host atoms. In particular, the model incorporates the complicated conditions that result from the simultaneous growth and diffusion taking place at the crystal/melt interface. The high temperature dependence of the process is also taken into account, together with possible vacancy production to counteract vacancy depletion. The numerical model is explicit in time, and conditions for convergence and stability are considered. Results are presented for chromium doping of growing gallium arsenide crystals, and compared with published experimental data.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660010203
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  • 75
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    New one- and two-dimensional algorithms for the transient simulation of semiconductor devices (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 1 (1988), S. 93-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: One- and two-dimensional algorithms for the transient simulation of semiconductor devices are presented which incorporate a solenoidal total current. The paper includes results from one-dimensional simulation of a p-n junction, including forward-to-reverse bias switching and also switching and also switch-on into high injection in an asymmetric structure. A discretization scheme for the two-dimensional formulation is described with details on handling voltage driven terminals and the associated boundary conditions.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660010205
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  • 76
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    Thermal modelling using ASTEC3 software (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 1 (1988), S. 103-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper describes the application of ASTEC3, a general purpose analogue electronic circuit simulation package, to the analysis of thermal properties of given structures. The modelling of each system is considered for both conduction and convection mechanisms, radiation being assumed to play a very minor role in heat dissipation from most electrical circuits. A procedure is given for the modelling of one-, two- and three-dimensional thermal problems which is then used for the simulation of relatively simple examples. The results obtained with ASTEC3 are compared with results determined by using more traditional and independent techniques.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660010206
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  • 77
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    Masthead (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 1 (1988) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660010301
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  • 78
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    The use of orthogonal curvilinear meshes in TLM models (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 1 (1988), S. 221-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The development of numerical models to describe physical problems with irregular boundaries frequently involves the use of very fine or variable Cartesian meshes when a more descriptive mesh might be appropriate. This paper describes the application of the transmission line matrix (TLM) technique to the analysis of orthogonal curvilinear mesh problems. Although very high levels of accuracy are possible, the computational efficiency may be reduced owing to the stub admittance factor, S, and the need for an accurate evaluation of the transmission line parameters.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660010406
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  • 79
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    Masthead (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 1 (1988) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660010401
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  • 80
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    Structure of radical intermediates appearing in the grignard reaction of monoketones (1988)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 1 (1988), S. 21-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The structure of radical intermediates appearing in the reactions of MeMgBr with aromatic monoketones was investigated by using ESR and visible spectroscopy. Stable radical intermediates in the reacting solutions were assigned to the dimeric radical ion pairs.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.610010104
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  • 81
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    Circular dichroism of In-Situ trinuclear organotransition metal complexes with optically active ligands (1988)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 1 (1988), S. 33-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Several Cotton effects are developed within absorption bands of trinuclear organotransitionmetal complexes in the presence of acids, diols, amines and aminoalcohols even in the case of bulky substituents on nitrogen; with monohydroxy compounds no circular dichroism could be detected.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.610010106
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  • 82
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    Marcus-grunwald theory and the nitroalkane anomaly (1988)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 1 (1988), S. 29-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The Disparity reaction proposed in a recent application of Marcus-Grunwald theory to nitroalkane ionization is shown to put the reaction's transition state in an energy-diagram region where electronic rearrangement leads proton transfer, contrary to experimental evidence; it is suggested that addition of solvent reorganization to electronic rearrangement as the second reaction progress variable would remedy this situation.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.610010105
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  • 83
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    Reaction of triethylsilyl radical with sulfides, a laser flash photolysis study (1988)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 1 (1988), S. 39-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Triethylsilyl radical was generated by laser flash photolysis of a 1:1 (v/v) solution of triethylsilane and di-tert-butyl peroxide. The silicon centered radical was reacted with sulfides to give carbon centered radicals by displacement at sulfur. The carbon radicals were readily detected by their transient absorption spectra. The absolute rate of reaction of triethylsilyl radical with 9-fluorenylphenylsulfide, di-n-butylsulfide, di-sec-butyl sulfide, di-tert-butyl sulfide and di-n-butyl disulfide are 2.40 ± 0.12 × 108 M-1S-1, 1.1 × 107±0.89×106M-1S-1, 8.79± 0.73×106M-1S-1, 3.29±0.18×106 M-1S-1, and 3.41±0.09×108 M-1S-1, respectively.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.610010107
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  • 84
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    Editorial (1988)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 1 (1988), S. ii 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.610010102
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  • 85
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    Masthead (1988)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 1 (1988) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.610010101
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  • 86
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    Nucleophilic substitution at saturated carbon atoms. Mechanisms and mechanistic borderlines: Evidence from studies with neutral leaving groups (1988)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 1 (1988), S. 1-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Substrates with neutral leaving groups undergo unimolecular solvolysis in nonpolar solvents. Whereas t-alkyl substrates invariably solvolyze by a unimolecular mechanism, s-alkyl and primary alkyl substrates can undergo both uni and bimolecular reactions, and the bimolecular step can take place on either the substrate itself or on an intimate ion-molecule pair formed in either a pre-equilibrium or in a rate determining step. Study of reactions at borderlines indicates that the individual reaction types remain distinct and do not merge.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.610010103
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  • 87
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    Generation of α- oxo selenoaldehydes by treatment of α, α′ -diketo selenides with base (1988)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 1 (1988), S. 59-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Treatment of α, α′ -diketo selenides, which recently became readily obtainable, with base affords α-oxo selenoaldehydes and ketones. The seleno-carbonyl compounds thus formed are reactive transient species, but can be trapped by Diels-Alder reaction to give 3,6-dihydro-2H-selenapyran derivatives in moderate to good yields.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.610010110
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  • 88
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    Ethenediylidene-2,2′ -bis(1,3-dithiole) and butatriene-1,4-diylidene-2,2′-bis(1,3-dithiole) (1988)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 1 (1988), S. 47-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: This paper describes the synthesis and electrochemical behavior of dicationic salts of ethenediylidene-2,2′ -bis(1,3-dithiole) (3) and butatriene-1,4-diylidene-2,2′ -bis(1,3-dithiole) (4). These are expected as donor components for developing organic conducting and superconducting materials, on the grounds of high electron donating ability and of rigid skeletal structure with two and four cumulenic carbons inserted between two 1,3-dithioles. These salts were obtained in good overall yields by several steps starting from (2-morpholino-4,5-dimethyl or -diphenyl)-1,3-dithiolylium salt. From the 1H and 13C NMR, and electronic spectra it is suggested that the π conjugation between two 1,3-dithiolylium ions through an acetylenic bond is less effective than that through an olefinic bond of the corresponding salts of ethanediylidene-2,2′ -bis(1,3-dithiole) (1) and 2-butene-1,4-diylidene-2,2′-bis(1,3-dithiole) (2). The cyclic voltammetric study shows that the corresponding radical cations, and in particular 3 and 4, are less stable even at -40°C, thus providing reasons for our current lack of success in isolation of 3 and 4. From comparison of the first redox potentials of neutral species, it is deduced that the donating ability increases in the order of TTF 〈 1 ⋍ 2 ≲ 3 ≪ 4.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.610010108
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  • 89
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    Reaction of sulfur ylides with elemental sulfur and selenium. Aspects and mechanistic considerations (1988)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 1 (1988), S. 53-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The reaction of sulfur ylides with elemental sulfur or selenium initially affords thio- or seleno-carbonyl compounds, which then react with starting ylides to give episulfides or episelenides from which the heteroatom (sulfur or selenium) is extruded to give olefins as the final product. In the case of carbonyl-stabilized ylides, the resulting thio- or seleno-carbonyl compounds react with starting ylides to afford 1,3-oxathioles or 1,3-oxaselenoles as previously reported. Supporting evidence for the intermediacy of thio(seleno)-carbonyl compounds and episulfides (episelenides) is presented.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.610010109
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  • 90
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    Masthead (1988)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 1 (1988) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.610010201
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  • 91
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    Study on 5, 15-dialkylporphyrins interconversion between two conformers in solution (1988)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 1 (1988), S. 63-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Novel structural features of 5, 15-dialkylporphyrins in solution are described. The 1H-NMR spectra of these compounds showed broad signals at room temperature, which split into two sets of signals at lower temperatures. This unusual phenomenon was ascribed to a dynamic interconversion between tow distorted structures. The 5, 15-dialkylporphyrin has a distorted ring due to the steric hindrance between the 5(or 15)-alkyl group and the 3, 7(or 13, 17)-alkyl groups and, depending on the position of the 5, 15-alkyl groups relative to the average ring plane, can exist in two conformations; syn (where the two alkyl groups are on the same side of the ring plane) and anti (on the opposite sides). Preliminary kinetic study of this interconversion using the NMR line shape analyses is also reported.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.610010202
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  • 92
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    Thiophilic reactions of 2,4,6-tri-t-butylphenyllithium with carbon disulfide and thiophosgene (1988)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 1 (1988), S. 75-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Highly sterically demanding 2,4,6-tri-t-butylphenyllithium (1) reacts with carbon disulfide to give 1,2-dibutylthio-1,2-bis(2,4,6-tri-t-butylphenylthio) ethene (3), l-butylthio-1-(2,4,6-tri-t-butylphenylthio)pent-l-ene (4), and 2-butylthio-3-(2,4,6-tri-t-butylphenylthio)-1,3-dithiole-2-thione (5) when 1 is prepared by the reaction of 1-bromo-2,4,6-tri-t-butylbenzene with n-butyllithium. When the reaction is carried out using 1 prepared from 2 and t-butyllithium and then quenched with l-iodoethane, 2-ethylthio-3-(2,4,6-tri-butylphenylthio)-1,3-dithiole-2-thione and 1,2-diethylthio-1,2-bis(2,4,6-tri-t-butylphenylthio) ethene are produced. The formation of all these products can be explained in terms of initial thiophilic attack of 1 on the sulfur of carbon disulfide and an intermediate with a dual property of carbanion and carbene (i.e., ArSC(Li)(=S) ⇌ ArSC̈SLi) is suggested. The reaction of 1 with thiophosgene affords 1,2-dichloro-1,2-bis(2,4,6-tri-t-butylphenylthio) ethene, bis(2,4,6-tri-t-butylphenylthio)acetylene, and 1-chloro 2,4,6-tri-t-butylbenzene, the first two of which are explained to be formed by thiophilic attack of 1 with thiophosgene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.610010203
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  • 93
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    Intramolecular orientation at the micellar interface: Control of norrish type I and type II reactivity of benzoinalkylethers via conformational effects (1988)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 1 (1988), S. 91-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The photolysis of benzoinalkylethers 1-5 solubilized in detergents show a significant deviation from the course of reaction in isotropic organic solvents. Remarkable difference in photobehaviour is noticed between the short chain (1-3) and the long chain (4 and 5) benzoinalkylethers in the micellar media. However, the influence of the micellar media on the photobehaviour of alkyldeoxybenzoins 6 and 7 was small. The importance of ‘cage effect’ in controlling the product distribution was evident from its dependence on the micellar size and on the occupancy number. More importantly, a comparative analysis of the photobehaviour of the ketone 1-7 reveals that the micellar interface can be used to control the conformations of organic molecules.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.610010205
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  • 94
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    Theoretical studies on the acylation reactions of ammonia by ketenes: Determination of reactivity by molecular orbital theory (part 54) (1988)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 1 (1988), S. 83-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Theoretical studies on the reactions of ammonia with ketene and dimethylketene using the MNDO method are reported. The single step addition of ammonia to the olefinic bond of ketenes was found to provide a lower energy-barrier path than the two step carbonyl addition mechanism. The barrier height was lower in the reaction of keten compared with that of dimethylketene in support of the faster rate of solution phase reactions of aniline and ketenes. The deformation energies of reactants had an overwhelming influence in determining the activation barriers in all the reactions investigated.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.610010204
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  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A local boundary integral equation method for potential problems (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 2517-2529 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Boundary integral equation (boundary element) methods have the advantage over other commonly used numerical methods that they do not require values of the unknowns at points within the solution domain to be computed. Further benefits would be obtained if attention could be confined to information at one small part of the boundary, the particular region of interest in a given problem. A local boundary integral equation method based on a Taylor series expansion of the unknown function is developed to do this for two-dimensional potential problems governed by Laplace's equation. Very accurate local values of the function and its derivatives can be obtained. The method should find particular application in the efficient refinement of approximate solutions obtained by other numerical techniques.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620261110
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A class of data structures for 2-D and 3-D adaptive mesh refinement (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 2607-2622 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A ‘family’ of tree data structures for adaptive mesh refinement is described and details concerning the associated logic are provided. The data structures encompass triangular elements and quadrilateral elements in two dimensions and quadrilateral bricks in three dimensions. Furthermore, both linear (bilinear) and quadratic (biquadratic) element types, respectively, are developed. Representative refinement results are given for the bilinear, trilinear and biquadratic types and associated performance studies made for the refinement procedure.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620261203
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A solid-shell transition element for geometrically non-linear analysis of laminated composite structures (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 1843-1854 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Using the incremental equations of motion of a continuous medium and the total Lagrangian description, three different elements, i.e. degenerated shell element, 3-D continuum element and solid-shell transition element, are developed for the geometrically non-linear analysis of laminated composite structures. Compatibility and completeness requirements are stressed in modelling shell-type structures in order to assure the convergence of the finite element analysis. A number of laminated plate and shell examples are presented to demonstrate the validity and efficiency of various elements.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620260811
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Further numerical methods in basic, R. E. Scraton, 1986. no. of pages: 221 (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 1907-1907 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620260815
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A steepest edge active set algorithm for solving sparse linear programming problems (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 2671-2685 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A steepest edge active set algorithm is described which is suitable for solving linear programming problems where the constraint matrix is sparse and has more rows than columns. The algorithm uses a steepest edge criterion for selecting the search direction at each iteration and recurrence relations are derived which enable it to execute efficiently. The canonical form for the active set method is convenient for many applications and may be exploited to devise a simple crash procedure which is employed prior to phase one. A complete two-phase algorithm which incorporates the crash procedure is outlined. Only one artificial variable is needed to determine if the linear programming problem has a feasible solution in phase one. Some computational results are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the algorithm for a range of sparse linear programming problems. Comparisons between the steepest edge criterion and the traditional Dantzig criterion suggest that the former usually requires fewer iterations and often leads to substantial savings for large problems.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620261207
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the computation of two-dimensional stress intensity factors using the boundary element method (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 2739-2753 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: General two-dimensional linear elastic fracture problems are investigated using the boundary element method. The √r displacement and 1/√r traction behaviour near a crack tip are incorporated in special crack elements. Stress intensity factors of both modes I and II are obtained directly from crack-tip nodal values for a variety of crack problems, including straight and curved cracks in finite and infinite bodies. A multidomain approach is adopted to treat cracks in an infinite body. The body is subdivided into two regions: an infinite part with a finite hole and a finite inclusion. Numerical results, compared with exact solution whenever possible, are accurate even with a coarse discretization.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620261211
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