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  • 1995-1999  (348)
  • 1955-1959
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  • 1820-1829
  • 1999  (21)
  • 1995  (327)
  • Genetics  (348)
  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Yeast mapping reports. Clone bank of the mitochondrial genome of yeast Hansenula wingei (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 1317-1321 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: clone bank ; Hansenula wingei yeast ; mitochondrial genome ; physical map ; stepwise cloning ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: For sequencing, mitochondrial DNA from Hansenula wingei yeast was digested with various restriction enzymes and the resultant DNA fragments were cloned into a pEMBL phasmid vector. Our clone bank consists of 39 overlapping clones which cover the entire 27 694 bp region of the H. wingei mitochondrial genome. The nucleotide sequence data reported in this paper will appear in the DDBJ, EMBL and GenBank Nucleotide Sequence Database with the following Accession Number: D31785.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320111313
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PMT3 and PMT4, two new members of the protein-O-mannosyltransferase gene family of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 1345-1351 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; O-glycosylation ; dolichol phosphate ; PMT gene family ; glycosyltransferase ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Two genes PMT3 and PMT4 were identified by polymerase chain reaction of genomic DNA using primers derived from regions of high homology between the products of three genes PMT1, PMT2 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and part of a PMT1 related sequence of Kluyveromyces lactis. Pmt1p and Pmt2p are mannosyltransferases involved in the transfer of a mannosyl residue from dolichyl phosphate-D-mannose (Dol-P-Man) to seryl and threonyl residues in proteins. The products encoded by the PMT3 and PMT4 genes have almost identical hydropathy profiles in comparison to PMT1 and PMT2: a hydrophobic N- and C-terminal third each with multiple potential transmembrane helices and a central hydrophillic part.The predicted Pmt3p contains 753 amino acids, four potential N-glycosylation sites and it is significantly homologous to Pmt1p, Pmt2p and Pmt4p. Pmt4p contains 762 amino acids and two potential N-glycosylation sites. Northern blot analysis showed a single mRNA transcript of PMT3 and PMT4 of 2·8 kb. Thus PMT3 and PMT4 are two new members of the PMT gene family. The pmt4 null mutant the pmt3 pmt4 double null mutant, but not pmt3 null mutant, showed a small but significant shift of chitinase due to under glycosylation of the enzyme. The triple disruption pmt2 pmt3 pmt4 and the quadruple disruption result in a lethal phenotype. The EMBL data library Accession Number for PMT3 is X83797 and for PMT4 X83798.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320111403
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  • 103
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glucose metabolism, enzymic analysis and product formation in chemostat culture of Hanseniaspora uvarum (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 327-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: yeast ; Hanseniaspora uvarum ; respiration ; fermentation ; chemostat culture ; glucose metabolism ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The physiology of Hanseniaspora uvarum K5 was studied in glucose-limited chemostat cultures and upon glucose pulse. Up to a dilution rate of 0·28 h-1, glucose was completely metabolized in biomass and CO2. Above this value, increase in the dilution rate was accompanied by sequential production of metabolites (glycerol, acetate and ethanol) and decrease in cell yield. Similar results were observed upon glucose pulse. From the enzyme activities (pyruvate dehydrogenase, pyruvate decarboxylase, NAD and NADP-dependent acetaldehyde dehydrogenases, acetyl coenzyme A synthetase and alcohol dehydrogenase) and substrate affinities, the following conclusions were drawn with respect to product formation of cells: (1) pyruvate was preferentially metabolized via pyruvate dehydrogenase, when biomass and CO2 were the only products formed; (2) acetaldehyde formed by pyruvate decarboxylase was preferentially oxidized in acetate by NADP-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase; acetate accumulation results from insufficient activity of acetyl-CoA synthetase required for the complete oxidation of acetate; (3) acetaldehyde was oxidized in ethanol by alcohol dehydrogenase, in addition to acetate production.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110405
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  • 104
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sequence analysis of the right end of chromosome XV in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: An insight into the structural and functional significance of sub-telomeric repeat sequences (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 371-382 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; chromosome XV ; right telomere ; sub-telomeric repeats ; enolase related repeat ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Approximately 3·9 kb of DNA, centromere proximal to the previously sequenced Y′ element at the right end of chromosome XV in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain YP1, has been sequenced. A number of the known sub-telomeric repeat sequences were identified, including Y′, core X and STRs A, B. C and D. Several of these repeat elements contain potentially functional sequences. In addition, two other members of repeated gene families were identified. The first of these shows 61% and 60% DNA sequence identity to Enolases 1 and 2 respectively. The Enolase-like sequence appears to be species specific, with three copies being found in all strains of S. cerevisiae studied. The location of the three copies is the same for all strains. The second repeated sequence has homology with known open reading frames on chromosomes III, V and XI. There are five or six copies of this sequence in all S. cerevisiae and S. paradoxus strains studied and three in S. bayanus strains. The analysis of this region and comparison to sub-telomeric regions on other chromosomes gives some indication as to the potential functional and structural significance of sub-telomeric repeat sequences. In addition, these findings are consistent with the idea that sub-telomeric regions may be targets for unusual recombination events. The updated sequence has been deposited in the EMBL and GenBank databases under Accession Number M58718.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110410
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  • 105
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110501
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  • 106
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of carbon metabolism in chemostat cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae grown on mixtures of glucose and ethanol (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 407-418 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: chemostat ; mixed substrates ; gluconeogenesis ; glyoxylate cycle ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Growth efficiency and regulation of key enzyme activities were studied in carbon- and energy-limited chemostat cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae grown on mixtures of glucose and ethanol at a fixed dilution rate. Biomass yields on substrate carbon and oxygen could be adequately described as the net result of growth on the single substrates. Activities of isocitrate lyase and malate synthase were not detected in cell-free extracts of glucose-limited cultures. However, both enzymes were present when the ethanol fraction in the reservoir medium exceeded the theoretical minimum above which the glyoxylate cycle is required for anabolic reactions. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase activity was only detectable at high ethanol fractions in the feed, when activity of this enzyme was required for synthesis of hexose phosphates. Phospho-enol-pyruvate-carboxykinase activity was not detectable in extracts from glucose-grown cultures and increased with the ethanol fraction in the feed. It is concluded that, during carbon-limited growth of S. cerevisiae on mixtures of glucose and ethanol, biosynthetic intermediates with three or more carbon atoms are preferentially synthesized from glucose. Synthesis of the key enzymes of gluconeogenesis and the glyoxylate cycle is adapted to the cells′ requirement for these intermediates. The gluconeogenic enzymes and their physiological antagonists (pyruvate kinase, pyruvate carboxylase and phosphofructokinase) were expressed simultaneously at high ethanol fractions in the feed. If futile cycling is prevented under these conditions, this is not primarily achieved by tight control of enzyme synthesis.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110503
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  • 107
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nucleotide sequence and chromosomal localization of the gene encoding the old yellow enzyme from Kluyveromyces lactis (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 459-465 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Old Yellow Enzyme ; flavoproteins ; Kluyveromyces lactis ; chromosome mapping ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A 6·6 kb genomic DNA fragment from the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis was isolated. Sequence analysis of this fragment revealed the presence of two incomplete open reading frames (ORFs) in one strand, one coding for the carboxyl terminus of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase and the other for the amino terminus of an unidentified product. In the complementary strand, a full-length ORF which encodes for a protein homologous to the yeast NADPH-dependent Old Yellow Enzyme was found. The deduced amino acid sequence of this ORF predicts a protein of 398 residues with 84% similarity in its full length to OYE1 from Saccharomyces carlsbergensis and OYE2 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In addition, an internal region showed considerable similarity to the bile acid-inducible polypeptide from Eubacterium sp., to the NADH oxidase from Thermoanaerobium brockii, to the trimethylamino dehydrogenase from bacterium W3A1 and to the estrogen-binding protein from Candida albicans, suggesting a functional or structural relationship between them. Inactivation of the KYE1 (Kluyveromyces Yellow Enzyme) gene by deletion of 0·6 kb fragment between positions +358 and +936 produced viable cells with a slight increase in their generation time. Haploid cells carrying the disrupted allele showed one-third of the NADPH oxidase activity, compared to wild-type cells. Southern blotting analysis of digested DNA and chromosomes separated by contour-clamped homogeneous electric field electrophoresis from K. lactis indicated that this is a single-copy gene and it is localized on chromosome II, whose molecular size has been estimated to be approximately 1·3 Mb. The sequence reported in this paper has been deposited in the GenBank data base (Accession No. L37452).
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110509
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  • 108
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of a glycerol/H+ symport in the halotolerant yeast Pichia sorbitophila (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 111-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Pichia sorbitophila ; halotolerance ; osmoregulation ; glycerol transport ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Pichia sorbitophila is a halotolerant yeast capable of surviving to extracellular NaCl concentrations up to 4 M in mineral medium when glucose or glycerol are the only carbon and energy sources. Evidence is presented here that glycerol, the main compatible solute this yeast accumulates so as to maintain osmotic balance, is actively co-transported with protons. This transport system was shown to be constitutive, not needing induction by either glycerol or salt, and was not repressible by glucose. In glucose- or glycerol-grown cells, a simple diffusion was detectable, and iterative calculations were performed to calculate kinetic parameters, in the presence and in the absence of NaCl. At 25°C, pH 5·0, in glucose-grown cells these were: Km = 0·81 ± 0·11 mM and Vmax = 634·2 ± 164·8 μmol h-1 per g (glycerol); Km = 1·28 ± 0·60 mM and Vmax = 558·6 · 100·6 μmol h-1 per g (protons). Correspondent stoichiometry was approximately 1, either for these conditions or in the presence of 1 M-NaCl. An increase in acumulation capacity was evident when different concentrations of NaCl were present. This capacity was shown to be dependent on ΔpH and membrane potential, consistently with an electrogenic character. We suggest that the main role of this system is in osmoregulation, by keeping glycerol accumulated inside the cells, compensating for leakage, due to its liposoluble character.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110203
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  • 109
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of senescent cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by centrifugal elutriation (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 361-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; baby machine ; centrifugal elutriation ; aging ; senescence ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The centrifugal elutriator has been used as a baby machine by loading the chamber with a population of mixed-generation daughter cells and allowing this population to grow, divide and age under continuous washing-out of newborn daughter cells. Clear peaks in the number of elutriated cells were reproducibly obtained for at least ten generations. The parent cells growing in the chamber continued to divide at the steady-state generation time of 95-100 min, showing no change in cycle time during aging. The washed-out daughter cells increased in volume during the first five generations from their steady-state value of 17 μm3 to a maximum of 34 μm3. As to be expected, the generation times of these large daughters, determined in a synchronous batch culture, were shorter (130 min) than that of the steady-state daughters (240 min), even when derived from 15-generation parents. No indication for a volume increase of daughter cells without bud was observed when a population was allowed to grow in the chamber without washing-out the smaller daughter cells. The 15-generation parent population, recovered from the chamber, had an average volume of 80 μm3 and consisted of: (i) 71% cells with more than ten scars, (ii) 13% cells with one to nine scars, and (iii) 17% daughter cells. The production of senescent cells by undisturbed growth in the elutriator chamber has been prolonged to 29 generations. The method is therefore suitable to examine what factors determine the life span of budding yeast.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110409
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  • 110
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nucleotide sequence and characterization of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae RPL19A gene encoding a homolog of the mammalian ribosomal protein l19 (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 383-389 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; chromosome II ; ribosomal protein ; intron ; yeast ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A gene designated RPL19A has been identified in the region downstream from the 3′-end of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae MIS1 gene encoding the mitochondrial C1-tetrahydrofolate synthase. The gene codes for the yeast ribosomal protein YL19 which exhibits 57·5% identity with the mammalian ribosomal protein L19. RPL19A is one of two functional copies of the YL19 gene located on chromosome II. The disruption of RPL19A has no effect on the growth of the yeast. The RPL19A gene contains an intron located near the 5′-end. The 5′-flanking region contains one similar and one complete UASrpg upstream activating sequence. RPL19A was also found to be adjacent to the chromosome II AAC3 gene, encoding the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier protein. The nucleotide sequence(s) reported in this paper has been submitted to the GenBanktm/EMBL data bank with the accession number Z36751.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110411
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  • 111
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sequence analysis of a 5·6 kb fragment of chromosome II from Saccharomyces cerevisiae reveals two new open reading frames next to CDC28 (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 455-458 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; chromosome II sequence ; CDC28 ; SUR1 homolog ; putative surface protein ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The sequence of a 5653 bp DNA fragment of the right arm of chromosome II of Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains two unknown open reading frames (YBR1212 and YBR1213) next to gene CDC28. Gene disruption reveals both putative genes as non-essential. ORF YBR1212 encodes a predicted protein with 71% similarity and 65% identity (total polypeptide of 376 aa) with the 378 aa Sur1 protein of S. cerevisiae, while the putative product of ORF YBR1213, which is strongly expressed, has 28% identity with a Lactococcus lactis-secreted 45 kDa protein and 24% identity with the Saccharomyces cerevisiae AGA1 gene product. The total sequence of the fragment has been submitted to the EMBL databank (accession number X80224).
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110508
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  • 112
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Saccharomyces cerevisiae mRNA 3′ end forming signals are also involved in transcription termination (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 447-453 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: mRNA transcription termination ; mRNA 3′ end formation ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Previously, a 38-base-pair (bp) region in the 3′ untranslated portion of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae iso-1-cytochrome c gene, was shown to be required for both normal CYC1 mRNA 3′ end formation (Zaret and Sherman, 1982), and efficient transcription termination (Russo and Sherman, 1989). In another study, specific sequences such as TATATA, TACATA, and TAGTAGTA were shown to be involved in mRNA 3′ end formation in S. cerevisiae (Russo et al., 1991). In this report, an in vivo plasmid stability assay has been utilized to show that these and related sequences are also involved in transcription termination, at varying efficiencies, and in an orientation-dependent manner. For example: the sequence TATATA appeared to terminate transcription almost as efficiently as the original wild type 38-bp region; whereas, the sequences TAGATATATGTAA and TACATA were less efficient, and TTTTTTTATA had little, if any, transcription termination function. In contrast, none of these sequences appeared to terminate transcription in the reverse orientation. Therefore, it appears that certain sequence signals capable of promoting mRNA 3′ end formation in yeast, are also directly involved in transcription termination.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110507
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  • 113
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sequence and analysis of 24 kb on chromosome II of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 475-479 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; genome sequencing ; chromosome II ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In the course of the European yeast genome sequencing project, we determined 23,920 bp of a continuous chromosome II right arm sequence. Analysis of data revealed 13 open reading frames (ORFs), three of which corresponded to previously identified genes; two tRNA genes and one repetitive element. One ORF showed considerable homology (46%) to a hypothetical chromosome III gene; another, putatively very hydrophobic gene product, was 30% identical to the heat-shock protein HSP30. Two ORFs were homologous to human genes. The complete sequence was submitted to the EMBL data bank under the Accession Number Z46260 Authorin submission ‘3’.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110511
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  • 114
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-Resolution cosmid mapping of the left arm of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome XII; A first step towards an ordered sequencing approachThis manuscript is dedicated to Fritz M. Pohl, a remarkable character and great teacher of molecular biology. (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 659-666 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: hybridization mapping ; cosmids ; genome analysis ; chromosome XII ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: For the sequencing of the left arm of chromosome XII of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we fine-mapped the entire 450 kb fragment between the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and the left telomere. Total yeast DNA in agarose blocks was digested with I-PpoI, which exclusively cuts once in each repeat unit of the rDNA. The resulting fragment was isolated from pulsed-field gels, together with the equally sized chromosome IX. A cosmid library of some 30-fold chromosome coverage was generated from this material, with the cloning efficiency being around 20 000 clones per microgram genomic DNA. The chromosome XII and IX specific clones were identified by complementary hybridizations with the respective chromosomes. For the left arm of chromosome XII, a contiguous cosmid array (contig) with an average map resolution better than 9 kb was generated by clone hybridization procedures. The ordered library serves as a tool for the physical mapping of genetic markers. Also, a minimal set of 15 clones was selected that covers the entire fragment. This subset forms the basis for the generation of a template map of much higher resolution for a directed sequencing of the left arm of chromosome XII.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110706
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  • 115
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of the FAR3 gene: Genetic mapping and molecular cloning using a chromosome walk-‘n’-roll strategy (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 691-696 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; chromosome XIII ; FAR3 ; MCM1 ; LYS7 ; VAN1 ; ARG80 ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: FAR3 is a newly-discovered yeast gene required specifically for pheromone-mediated cell cycle arrest. I have used strains harboring the far3-1 mutation to map the gene to the right arm of chromosome XIII, establishing the gene order CEN13-LYS7-MCM1-FAR3. I cloned the FAR3 gene based on its genetic map position using a strategy that combined chromosome walking and a related technique termed ‘chromosome rolling’. In addition to the genetic and physical localization of FAR3, I present data that suggest corrections to the tentative map positions of VAN1 and ARG80.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110710
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  • 116
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene family from Kluyveromyces marxianus - polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism as a tool for the study of multigenic families (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 725-733 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase ; PCR ; SSCP ; multigenic families ; flocculation ; Kluyveromyces marxianus ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Three glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) genes from Kluyveromyces marxianus were identified and characterized. The coding region of two of them (GAP2 and GAP3) is very similar (99·6% homology). The other gene (GAP1) is only 86% homologous to GAP2 or GAP3 and is responsible for the expression of Gap1p. This protein is extremely homologous to the K. marxianus cell wall protein p37, presumably involved in flocculation. However, no leader sequence could be detected in this gene. The identification of the three genes was possible with the use of polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR—SSCP), as it permits us to overcome the difficulties caused by the high homology amongst the genes. Expression of the GAPDH genes under different carbon sources (glucose or ethanol) was assessed either by Northern blot or reverse transcription-PCR—SSCP analysis, revealing that genes GAP1 and GAP2, but not GAP3, are transcribed. The results also indicate that the transcription of the gene encoding the cell wall protein p37 (Gap1p) is not dependent on the carbon source, in contrast with the expression of the gene GAP2, which is affected in cells growing in a glucose-depleted medium.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110804
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  • 117
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The DNA sequence of a 7941 bp fragment of the left arm of chromosome VII of Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains four open reading frames including the multicopy suppressor gene of the pop2 mutation and a putative serine/threonine protein kinase gene (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 767-774 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: genome sequencing ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; chromosome VII ; MPT5 ; HTR1 ; serine/threonine protein kinase ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We report the sequence of a 7941 bp DNA fragment from the left arm of chromosome VII of Saccharomyces cerevisiae which contains four open reading frames (ORFs) of greater than 100 amino acid residues. ORF biC834 shows 100% bp identity with the recently identified multicopy suppressor gene of the pop2 mutation (MPT5); its deduced protein product carries an eight-repeat domain region, homologous to that found in the hypothetical regulatory YGL023 protein of S. cerevisiae and the Pumilio protein of Drosophila. ORF biE560 protein exhibits patterns typical of serine/threonine protein kinases, with which it shares high degrees of homology. The complete nucleotide sequence was submitted to the EMBL Data Library under Accession Number X83690.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110808
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  • 118
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The S1, S2 and SGA1 ancestral genes for the STA glucoamylase genes all map to chromosome IX in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 783-787 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; genome mapping ; chromosome IX ; genomic rearrangement ; glucoamylase ; SGA1 ; STA ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The polymorphic extracellular glucoamylase-encoding genes STA1 (chr. IV), STA2 (chr. II) and STA3 (chr. XIV), from Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. diastaticus probably evolved by genomic rearrangement of DNA regions (S1, S2 and SGA1) present in S. cerevisiae, and subsequent translocation to unlinked regions of chromosomal regions. S1, encoding a homologue to the threonine/serine-rich domain of STA glucoamylases (GAI-III), mapped to the right arm of chromosome IX. S2, encoding the hydrophobic leader peptide of GAI-III, was also mapped on the right arm of chromosome IX, next to S1, close to DAL81. The SGA1 sporulation-specific, intracellular glucoamylase-encoding gene is located on the left arm of chromosome IX, 32 kb proximal of HIS5.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110810
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    The red ade mutants of Kluyveromyces lactis and their classification by complementation with cloned ADE1 or ADE2 genes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 823-827 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: red ade mutations ; Kluyveromyces lactis ; ADE1 ; ADE2 ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Seventy-six red adenine mutants of Kluyveromyces lactis were isolated. By complementation they could be assigned to two groups with 31 and 45 mutants. Transformation of several strains from each group with plasmids containing the Saccharomyces cerevisiae ADE1 or ADE2 gene showed that the largest group was ade2 and the other group was ade1. Several previously isolated ‘ade1’ mutants were classified to either group and given new gene and allele numbers. ADE1 was localized at chromosome III, closely linked to the mating type gene, making it a convenient marker for mating type. ADE2 was localized at chromosome V.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110904
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    Expression and secretion of antifreeze peptides in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 849-864 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: antifreeze peptide ; heterologous expression ; tandem repeats ; secretion ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The antifreeze peptide AFP6 from the polar fish Pseudopleuronectus americanus has been expressed in and secreted by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a biologically active molecule. The gene for the 37 amino acid long peptide has been chemically synthesized using yeast preferred codons. Subsequently, the gene has been cloned into an episomal expression vector as well as in a multicopy integration vector, which is mitotically more stable. The expression is under the control of the inducible GAL7 promoter. The enzyme α-galactosidase has been investigated as a carrier protein to facilitate expression and secretion of AFP. In order to reach increased expression levels, tandem repeats of the AFP gene (up to eight copies) have been cloned. In most cases the genes are efficiently expressed and the products secreted. The expression level amounts to approximately 100 mg/l in the culture medium. In a number of genetic constructs the genes are directly linked and expressed as AFP multimers. In other constructs linker regions have been inserted between the AFP gene copies, that allow the peptide to be processed by specific proteinases, either from the endogenous yeast proteolytic system or from a non-yeast source. The latter requires a separate processing step after yeast cultivation to obtain mature AFP. In all these cases proteolytic processing is incomplete, generating a heterogeneous mixture of mature AFP, carrier and chimeric protein, and/or a mixture of AFP-oligomers. The antifreeze activity has been demonstrated for such mixtures as well as for AFP multimers.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110907
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    Current awareness on yeast (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 893-900 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110911
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    Masthead (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320111001
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    VII. Yeast sequencing reports. The complete sequence of a 9000 bp fragment of the right arm of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome VII contains four previously unknown open reading frames (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 1087-1091 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: yeast genome ; chromosome VII ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We report the sequence of a 9000 bp fragment from the right arm of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome VII. Analysis of the sequence revealed four complete previously unknown open reading frames, which were named G7587, G7589, G7591 and G7594 following standard rules for provisional nomenclature. Outstanding features of some of these proteins were the homology of the putative protein coded by G7589 with proteins involved in transcription regulation and the transmembrane domains predicted in the putative protein coded by G7591. The sequence reported has been deposited in the EMBL data library under Accession Number X82775.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320111110
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    II. Yeast sequencing reports. Sequence analysis of a 78·6 kb segment of the left end of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome II (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 1103-1112 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; chromosome II ; TEL1 ; CDC27 ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We report the sequence analysis of a 78,601 bp DNA segment on the left arm of chromosome II of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This 78·6 kb segment spans the region from the start of a subtelomeric Y′ element up to the ILS1 gene. It contains 49 open reading frames (ORFs) with more than 100 amino acids length including 14 internal and five overlapping ORFs. The gene density, excluding the internal ORFs, was calculated as one ORF per 2·2 kb. Eight ORFs (PKC1, TyA, TyB, ATP1, ROX3, RPL17a, PET112 and ILS1) correspond to previously characterized genes. ORF YBL0718 was identified as CDC27; YBL0706 as TEL1. Four other ORFs show strong similarities to already known genes. The gene product of YBL0838 is 60% identical to the ribosomal protein RPL32 from rat, mouse and man. YBL0701 encodes a protein with significant similarity to the initiation factor eIF2 associated p67 glycoprotein from rat. Eight ORFs were disrupted and the resulting yeast strains analysed with respect to their phenotype. The sequence has been deposited in the EMBL Nucleotide Sequence Database under the Accession Number X79489.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320111112
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    Restoration of peroxisome formation in two conditional peroxisome-deficient mutants of Hansenula polymorpha during growth of cells on specific organic nitrogen sources (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 1139-1145 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: yeast ; peroxisome biogenesis ; peroxisome-deficient mutant ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Expression of the peroxisome-deficient (Per-) phenotype by per mutants of Hansenula polymorpha is shown to be dependent on specific environmental conditions. Analysis of our collection of constitutive and conditional per mutants showed that, irrespective of the carbon source used, the mutants invariably lacked functional peroxisomes when ammonium sulphate was used as a nitrogen source. However, in two temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants, per13-6ts and per14-11ts, peroxisomes were present at the restrictive temperature when cells were grown on organic nitrogen sources which are known to induce peroxisomes in wild-type cells, namely D-alanine (for both mutants) or methylamine (for per14-11ts). These organelles displayed normal wild-type properties with respect to morphology, mode of development and protein composition.However, under these conditions not all the peroxisomal matrix proteins synthesized were correctly located inside peroxisomes. Detailed biochemical and (immuno) cytochemical analyses indicated that during growth of cells on methanol in the presence of either D-alanine or methylamine, a minor portion of these proteins (predominantly alcohol oxidase, dihydroxyacetone synthase and catalase) still resided in the cytosol. This residual cytosolic activity may explain the observation that the functional restoration of the two ts mutants is not complete under these conditions, as is reflected by the retarded growth of the cells in batch cultures on methanol.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320111204
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    Calendar (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 1113-1113 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320111113
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    Ribosomal frameshifting in yeast viruses (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 1115-1127 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; ribosomes ; ribosomal frameshifting ; L-A dsRNA virus ; Ty ; retrotransposon ; retrovirus ; hungry codons ; polyamines ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Proper maintenance of translational reading frame by ribosomes is essential for cell growth and viability. In the last 10 years it has been shown that a number of viruses induce ribosomes to shift reading frame in order to regulate the expression of gene products having enzymatic functions. Studies on ribosomal frameshifting in viruses of yeast have been particularly enlightening. The roles of viral mRNA sequences and secondary structures have been elucidated and a picture of how these interact with host chromosomal gene products is beginning to emerge. The efficiency of ribosomal frameshifting is important for viral particle assembly, and has identified ribosomal frameshifting as a potential target for antiviral agents. The availability of mutants of host chromosomal gene products involved in maintaining the efficiency of ribosomal frameshifting bodes well for the use of yeast in future studies of ribosomal frameshifting.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320111202
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    A double flow cytometric tag allows tracking of the dynamics of cell cycle progression of newborn Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells during balanced exponential growth (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 1157-1169 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: S. cerevisiae ; flow cytometry ; dynamics of the cell cycle ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Studies on the dynamics of growth of single eukaryotic cells and their relationships with cell cycle regulations are generally carried out following cell synchronization procedures or, on a relatively low number of cells, by time-lapse studies. Establishment of both time-lapse studies and synchronous cell populations usually requires elaborate experimental efforts and is prone to perturb the physiological state of the cell.In this paper we use a new flow cytometric approach which allows, in asynchronous growing Saccharomyces cerevisiae populations, tagging of both the cell age and the cell protein content of a cohort of daughter cells at the different cell cycle set points. Since the cell protein content is a good estimation of the cell size, it is possible to follow the kinetics of the cell size increase during cell cycle progression. The experimental findings obtained indicate an exponential increase of the cell size during growth, that the daughter and the parent subpopulations grow with the same specific growth rate, that the average cell size increase rate of each individual cell is almost identical to the specific growth rate of the overall population and provide the opportunity to estimate the cell cycle length for the daughter cell population as well as the identification of the complex structure of asynchronously growing yeast populations.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320111206
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    Current awareness on yeast (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 1215-1222 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320111212
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    Yeast sequencing reports. Sequence analysis of the ADE2 gene coding for phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase in schwanniomyces occidentalis (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 1289-1293 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Schwanniomyces occidentalis ; gene ADE2 ; sequencing ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We have determined the nucleotide sequence of a 3·3 kb fragment containing the gene (ADE2) encoding phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase (AIRC) from the yeast Schwanniomyces occidentalis. Translation of a 1671 bp open reading frame predicts a protein of 557 amino acids which has significant homology to AIRC from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The 5′ untranslated region of the S. occidentalis gene contains a sequence corresponding to the consensus binding site of the S. cerevisiae transcription regulatory proteins GCN4, BAS1 and BAS2. The ADE2 gene nucleotide sequence has received the GenBank Accession Number U23210.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320111309
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    Functional analysis reports. Precise gene disruption in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by double fusion polymerase chain reaction (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 1275-1280 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: gene disruption ; fusion PCR ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We adapted a fusion polymerase chain reaction (PCR) strategy to synthesize gene disruption alleles of any sequenced yeast gene of interest. The first step of the construction is to amplify sequences flanking the reading frame we want to disrupt and to amplify the selectable marker sequence. Then we fuse the upstream fragment to the marker sequence by fusion PCR, isolate this product and fuse it to the downstream sequence in a second fusion PCR reaction. The final PCR product can then be transformed directly into yeast. This method is rapid, relatively inexpensive, offers the freedom to choose from among a variety of selectable markers and allows one to construct precise disruptions of any sequenced open reading frame in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320111307
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    XIV. Yeast sequencing reports. Sequence analysis of a 30 kb DNA segment from yeast chromosome XIV carrying a ribosomal protein gene cluster, the genes encoding a plasma membrane protein and a subunit of replication factor C, and a novel putative serine/threonine protein kinase gene (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 1303-1310 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; chromosome XIV ; serine/threonine protein kinase ; rp gene ; plasma membrane protein ; replication factor ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We have determined the nucleotide sequence of a 30 kb fragment of chromosome XIV of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The sequence revealed the presence of 19 open reading frames (ORFs) longer than 300 bp. NO422 and NO425 correspond to the split ribosomal protein genes encoding S16A and rp28, respectively, NO450 displays a striking similarity with serine/threonine protein kinase genes, in particular with STE20, and therefore may encode a novel member of this protein family. NO453 is the longest ORF in this DNA segment, having a size of 4908 bp, but its function is not yet known. NO530 encodes the plasma membrane protein Mid1p and NO533 corresponds to the gene coding for a 40 kDa subunit of replication factor C. The remaining ORFs show weak or no homology with proteins in the data bases. The sequence has been submitted to the EMBL data library under Accession Number U23084.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320111311
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    Further definition of the sequence and position requirements of the arginine control element that mediates repression and induction by arginine in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 1367-1380 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: arginine regulation ; ARG1 ; ARG8 ; CPA1 ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Repression or induction of the genes involved in arginine biosynthesis or catabolism, respectively, both require participation of the ArgRp/Mcm1p regulatory complex. Our previous work showed that those opposite effects were mediated by a similar arginine-responsive element of 23 nucleotides (that we now call ARC, for ARginine Control) situated close to the start of transcription in the repressed promoters and far upstream of the TATA-element in the induced promoters.To define more precisely the sequence and position requirements of the ARC element, we have now characterized by mutagenesis the promoter elements of the arginine-repressible ARG1 and ARG8 genes. We also identify a functional ARC in the CPA1 promoter, thereby confirming, in agreement with our previous mRNA pulse-labelling data, the participation of a transcriptional component in the arginine regulation of that gene otherwise submitted to a translational regulation.From the 12 ARC elements now characterized, we have derived a consensus sequence and show that such a synthetic element is able to mediate ArgRp/Mcm1p-dependent arginine regulation.An important new finding illustrated by ARG1 and CPA1, is that contrary to what all the previous data suggested, repression can be mediated by ARC elements located far upstream of the TATA-box. The new data suggest that the arginine repressor might inhibit transcription in an active process.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320111405
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    The immunodetected yeast purine - cytosine permease is not N-linked glycosylated, nor are glycosylation sequences required to have a functional permease (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 15-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Purine-cytosine permease ; S. cerevisiae ; N-linked glycosylation ; immunoprecipitation ; site-directed mutagenesis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The purine-cytosine permease (PCP) of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was detected by immunological methods. Using antibodies directed against synthetic peptides, whose sequences were derived from the primary structure of the PCP, immunoprecipitation of [35S]methionine-labelled PCP was achieved either from cellular extracts or from in vitro translation mixtures. Non-labelled PCP was also detected on Western blots of membrane proteins. Similar migration rates were observed for PCP originating both from immunoprecipitated cellular extracts and from in vitro translation mixtures. Hence, post-translational processing, if any, only slightly affects the size of the protein. Also no evidence was found for N-linked core-glycosylation: identical migration rates were observed when immunoprecipitated PCP molecules were extracted from cells labelled for 10 min with [35S]methionine, pretreated or not with tunicamycin.On the other hand, the suppresion of the two potential N-linked glycosylation sequences in the DNA did not lead to inactivation of the transport activity, confirming that N-linked glycosylation is not required for the permease activity.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110103
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    Current awareness on yeast (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 93-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110112
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    Physical map locations of the phospholipid biosynthetic structural and regulatory genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 187-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Phospholipid biosynthesis ; transcriptional regulatory genes ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Here we report the physical map locations of five genes required for phospholipid biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. These include four structural genes (INO1, CHO2, OP13 and PIS1) and one global negative regulatory gene (UME6). Collectively, this information completes the mapping of all phospholipid biosynthetic structural and regulatory genes identified to date.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110210
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    Molecular analysis of the SNF8 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 219-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: glucose repression ; SUC2 expression ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Mutations in the SNF8 gene impair derepresson of the SUC2 gene, encoding invertase, in response to glucose limitation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We report here the cloning of the SNF8 gene by complementation. Sequence analysis predicts a 26 936-dalton product. Disruption of the chromosomal locus caused a five-fold decrease in invertase derepression, defective growth on raffinose, and a sporulation defect in homozygous diploids. Genetic analysis of the interactions of the snf8 null mutation with spt6/ssn20 and ssn6 suppressors distinguished SNF8 from the groups, SNF1, SNF4 and SNF2, SNF5, SNF6. Notably, the snf8 ssn6 double mutants were extremely sick. Mutations of SNF8 and SNF7 showed similar phenotypes and genetic interactions, and the double mutant combination caused no additional phenotypic impairment. These findings suggest that SNF7 and SNF8 are functionally related. The complete nucleotide sequence of SNF8 has been deposited in GenBank under accession number U10361.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110304
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    Sequence, mapping and disruption of CCC2, a gene that cross-complements the Ca2+-sensitive phenotype of csg1 mutants and encodes a P-type ATPase belonging to the Cu2+-ATPase subfamily (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 283-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Ca2+ sensitive mutants ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; P-type ATPases ; Cu2+ ; CCC2 ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We have isolated, sequenced, mapped and disrupted a gene, CCC2, from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This gene displays non-allelic complementation of the Ca2+-sensitive phenotype conferred by the csg1 mutation. Analysis of the CCC2p amino acid sequence reveals that it encodes a member of the P-type ATPase family and is most similar to a subfamily thought to consist of Cu2+ transporters, including the human genes that mutate to cause Wilson disease and Menkes disease. The ability of this gene, in two or more copies, to reverse the csg1 defect suggests that Ca2+-induced death of csg1 mutant cells is related to Cu2+ metabolism. Cells without CCC2 require increased Cu2+ concentrations for growth. Therefore CCC2p may function to provide Cu2+ to a cellular compartment rather than in removal of excess of Cu2+. The sequence of CCC2 is available through GenBank under accession number L36317.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110310
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    Masthead (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110101
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    An efficient method to isolate yeast genes causing overexpression-mediated growth arrest (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 25-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; dominant genetics ; growth regulation ; MCM1 ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In order to characterize new yeast genes regulating cell proliferation, a number of overexpression-sensitive clones have been isolated from a Saccharomyces cerevisiae cDNA library in a multicopy vector under the control of the GAL1 promoter, on the basis of growth arrest phenotype under galactose-induction conditions. Thirteen of the independent clones isolated in this way correspond to previously known genes (predominantly coding for morphogenesis-related proteins or for multifunctional transcriptional factors), while the remaining 11 independent clones represent new genes with unknown functions. The more stringent conditions employed in this screening compared with previous ones that also employed a dominant genetics approach to isolate overexpression-sensitive genes has allowed us to extend the number of yeast genes that exhibit this phenotype. The effect of overexpression of MCM1 (whose product participates in the regulation of a number of apparently unrelated cellular functions) has been studied in more detail. Galactose-induced overexpression of MCM1 leads to rapid growth arrest at the G1 or S cell cycle stages, with many morphologically-abnormal cells. Several of the other clones also exhibit a G1 arrest terminal phenotype when overexpressed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110104
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    Sequence of a 17·1 kb DNA fragment from chromosome X of Saccharomyces cerevisiae includes the mitochondrial ribosomal protein L8 (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 57-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; chromosome X ; DNA sequencing project ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We have sequenced a continuous segment of 17 137 bp on chromosome X. Sequence analysis of this stretch revealed 14 open reading frames (ORFs) at least 100 amino acids long. One gene, encoding the mitochondrial 60S ribosomal protein L8, had already been sequenced. Four ORF products show weak homologies with known protein sequences. The nine remaining ORF products have no homologies with sequences in data banks. The nucleotide sequence of the 17·1 kb fragment is available through the EMBL data library under Accession Number Z34288.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110108
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  • 142
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    Perfect state of Rhodomyces dendrorhous (Phaffia rhodozyma) (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 101-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Taxonomy ; basidiosporogenous yeast ; Phaffia rhodozyma ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: After mother-daughter cell conjugation, formation of long holobasidia with terminal basidiospores was observed without mycelium production in Rhodomyces dendrorhous (including the type strain of Phaffia rhodozyma) on polyol-containing media. Basidiospores are not forcibly discharged and germinate by budding. A new genus Xanthophyllomyces (Filobasidiaceae, Tremellales) with a species, X. dendrorhous, is proposed for the telemorphic state of R. dendrorhous.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110202
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  • 143
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    Development and application of an in vivo system to study yeast ribosomal RNA biogenesis and function (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 145-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Ribosome ; processing ; assembly ; translation ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We have developed a system for mutational analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ribosomal RNA in vivo in which yeast cells can be made completely dependent on mutant rRNA and ribosomes by a simple switch in carbon source. The system is based on a yeast strain defective in RNA polymerase I (Pol I) transcription [Nogi et al. (1991). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88, 3962-3966]. This normally inviable strain was rescued by integration of multiple copies of the complete 37S pre-rRNA operon under control of the inducible, Pol II-transcribed GAL7 promoter into the rDNA repeat on chromosome XII. The resulting YJV100 strain can only grow on medium containing galactose as the carbon source. A second, episomal vector was constructed in which the rDNA unit was placed under control of the constitutive PGK1 promoter. YJV100 cells transformed with this vector are now also able to grow on glucose-based medium making the cells completely dependent on plasmid-encoded rRNA. We show that the Pol II-transcribed pre-rRNA is processed and assembled similarly to authentic Pol I-synthesised pre-rRNA, making this ‘in vivo Pol II system’ suitable for the detailed analysis of rRNA mutations, even highly deleterious ones, affecting ribosome biogenesis or function. A clear demonstration of this is our finding that an insertion into variable region V8 in 17S rRNA, previously judged to be neutral with respect to processing of 17S rRNA, its assembly into 40S subunits and the polysomal distribution of these subunits [Musters et al. (1989), Mol. Cell. Biol. 9, 551-559], is in fact a lethal mutation.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110206
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  • 144
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    Corrigendum (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 191-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110211
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  • 145
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    A map of the Kluyveromyces lactis genome (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 211-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: yeast ; genetic map ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110303
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  • 146
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    Genetic and carbon source regulation of phosphorylation of Sip1p, a Snf1p-associated protein involved in carbon response in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 233-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: galactose ; transcription ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The SIP1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a carbon-catabolite-specific negative regulator of GAL gene transcription and acts as a multicopy suppressor of growth defects associated with impaired Snf1p protein kinase activity. The Sip1 protein is known to undergo phosphorylation when associated in vitro with the Snf1 protein kinase. We have carried out in vivo studies of the genetic and carbon control of Sip1p phosphorylation. Metabolic labeling reveals phosphorylation of Sip1p under both carbon catabolite-repressing and non-repressing conditions and in both SNF1 wild-type and snf1-deletion cells. By sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis immunoblot assay, we detect apparent changes in Sip1p phosphorylation states in response to changes in carbon source. At least one dephosphorylation of Sip1p occurs with a shift from non-repressing carbon source to repressing carbon source. The MIG1 gene, acting through SNF1-dependent and SNF1-independent pathways, is required for some Sip1p phosphorylations. REG1 appears to be required for at least one dephosphorylation of Sip1p, whereas SSN6 appears to be required for at least one phosphorylation of Sip1p. These results reveal new complexities in carbon response signaling, and may reflect the involvement of the Sip1 protein in the same complex as the Mig1 and Ssn6 proteins.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110306
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  • 147
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    The IFH1 gene product interacts with a fork head protein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 261-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: yeast ; ribosomal RNA ; chromatin ; transcriptional activators ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: FHL1 encodes a polypeptide closely related to the fork head protein family of transcriptional activators. Deleting this gene leads to a slow-growth phenotype with impaired rRNA maturation. IFH1 (located on chromosome IV) was isolated as a dosage-dependent suppressor partially correcting the growth defect of the fhl1 deletion. It codes for a highly hydrophilic protein with a predicted molecular weight of 122 kDa and a pI of 4·8, that is very rich in charged residues (mostly acidic) but otherwise unrelated to any known protein. Carboxy-terminal deletions removing the last third of the protein lead to a leaky growth phenotype with impaired rRNA maturation, as in the case of the fhl1 deletion. A full deletion of IFH1 is lethal, but growth was restored in a strain deleted for both IFH1 and FHL1. Thus, Ifh1p is essential for growth, but only in the presence of a functional Fhp1p protein. Conversely, its overexpression by increased gene dosage partially compensates for the genetic inactivation of FHl1p. These data suggest a direct interaction between the Fhl1p and Ifh1p proteins, and are consistent with a model where Fhl1p is converted from a transcriptional repressor to an activator on binding of Ifh1p. The sequence has been deposited in the EMBL data library under Accession Number Z29488.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110308
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  • 148
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    Tandem integration of multiple ILV5 copies and elevated transcription in polyploid yeast (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 311-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; brewing yeast ; diacetyl production ; ILV5 ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: An industrial yeast strain was modified by introducing DNA into brewing yeast such that the derived cells contain only yeast DNA. Thus selectable markers and bacterial sequences are not present in the final strain, making this procedure attractive for the development of generally acceptable brewing yeast. Linear DNA containing the cloned ILV5 gene was introduced into lager yeast along with an unlinked circular bifunctional plasmid containing a dominant resistance marker. Resistant colonies were screened for site-directed integration of the ILV5 DNA. Candidates were examined by several methods including Southern transfer and polymerase chain reaction. In this way, a strain WM56 was identified containing three tandem copies of ILV5. The amplified ILV5 region is stable during repeated subculturing in the absence of selective pressure. Correspondingly elevated levels of ILV5 transcript in strain WM56 compared to the control (i.e. non-tandem) parental strain led to increased amounts of encoded acetohydroxyacid reductoisomerase as evidenced by significantly lower diacetyl production. WM56 appears to be identical to the parental strain judged by CHEF, total restriction digestion patterns, and probing, but differs in the ILV5 region of the chromosome. The method is generally applicable to other yeast strains, and if desired, is amenable to iterated cycles of integration to increase the number of copies.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110403
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  • 149
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    Plasmid reorganization during integrative transformation in Hansenula polymorpha (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 343-353 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Yeast ; Hansenula polymorpha ; plasmid ; transformation ; ARS sequence ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: During studies of integrative transformation in Hansenula polymorpha, it was found that transformants with plasmids possessing the LEU2 gene of H. polymorpha were frequently unstable and lost plasmids while growing on non-selective medium. These transformants possessed reorganized plasmids capable of replication in H. polymorpha. Two such plasmids were isolated and characterized. It was shown that they contain additional DNA segments which were not present in the original plasmid used for transformation. Southern hybridization analysis carried out with labeled DNA probes derived from these segments showed that they consisted of H. polymorpha DNA. The hybridization patterns indicated that corresponding sequences were homologous to several chromosomal regions. These chromosomal DNA segments apparently carried H. polymorpha autonomous replicating sequences (HARS), since plasmids bearing them could transform H. polymorpha with high efficiency and were maintained in transformants in an autonomous state. Sequence analysis of one such captured chromosomal fragment revealed several eight- to ten-base AT-rich blocks similar to the presumed HARS sequence defined by Roggenkamp et al. (1986). Analogous reorganization was also observed with respect to integrative plasmids carrying the TRP3 and HIS3 genes of H. polymorpha and the ADE2 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as selectable markers.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110407
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  • 150
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    Obituary. In memory of Fritz M. Pohl 1939-1994 (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 391-392 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110412
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  • 151
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    Cloning and sequencing of the URA5 gene from the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 425-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Yarrowia lipolytica ; orotate phosphoribosyl transferase ; nucleotide sequence ; transcription ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The URA5 gene of Yarrowia lipolytica encoding the orotate phosphoribosyl transferase (OPRTase, EC2.4.2.10) was isolated by target integration in a mutant strain originally named ura2.21. The nucleotide sequence of the gene predicts a protein with high similarities with the OPRTases from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Podospora anserina and Escherichia coli and to a lesser extent with that of Dictyostelium discoideum. The transcription start point has been mapped by primer extension analysis and indicates the existence of a long leader sequence in the corresponding mRNA. Northern-blot hybridization revealed the URA5 transcript to be approximately 0·94 kb. Deletion of the URA5 gene in Y. lipolytica produced a leaky phenotype similar to the one described for the ura5 mutation in S. cerevisiae. The URA5 gene of Y. lipolytica was able to complement functionally the ura5 mutation of S. cerevisiae. The sequence presented here has been submitted to the EMBL data library under Accession Number Z22571.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110505
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  • 152
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    Sequence, map position and genome organization of the RPL17B gene, encoding ribosomal protein L17b in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 761-766 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: ribosomal protein L17 ; RPL17A ; RPL17B ; A509 protein ; chromosome II ; chromosome V ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Sequence analysis of the newly defined SSU81 gene revealed an adjacent open reading frame (ORF) encoding a protein whose deduced amino acid sequence is identical to that of ribosomal protein L17. The DNA sequence of this region is different from that of the RPL17A gene and therefore represents a duplicate gene encoding L17. We have designated this gene RPL17B. The RPL17B coding region is split by an intron that occurs in the same position (codons 14/15) as the intron in RPL17A. The RPL17B promoter region includes two TATA boxes, a canonical UASRPG motif, and several pyrimidine-rich tracts. RPL17B was mapped by CHEF and lambda clone grid hybridization blots to the right arm of chromosome V, linked to the TRP2 and RAD51 genes. A partial ORF was identified adjacent to RPL17B and SSU81 that is homologous to an ORF (designated A509) physically linked to RPL17A. This observation, and the identical position of the introns within the RPL17 genes, suggest that one RPL17 locus arose by duplication and translocation of the other. The complete 3·8 kbp DNA sequence encompassing RPL17B has been entered in the GenBank data library under Accession Number U15653.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110807
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  • 153
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    Masthead (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110901
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  • 154
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    The Saccharomyces cerevisiae FLO1 flocculation gene encodes for a cell surface protein (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 809-822 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; flocculation ; FLO1 ; surface protein ; repeated sequences ; expression ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The sequencing of a 6619 bp region encoding for a flocculation gene previously cloned from a strain defined as FLO5 (Bidard et al., 1994) has revealed that it was a FLO1 gene. The FLO1 gene product has been localized at the cell surface of the yeast cell by immunofluorescent microscopy. The Flo1 protein contains four regions with repeated sequences which account for about 70% of the amino acids of this protein. A functional analysis of the major repeated region has revealed that it plays an important role in determining the flocculation level. A gene disruption experiment has shown that the FLO5 strain STX 347-1D contains at least two flocculation genes of the FLO1 type but that they are supposed to be inactive and do not contribute to its flocculation. However, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays performed on intact cells have revealed that a protein expressed at the cell surface of the FLO5 strain STX 347-1D is antigenically related to Flo1p. A deletion analysis of the 5′ region of the FLO1 gene has shown that the expression is submitted to controls which depend on the genetic background of the strain.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110903
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  • 155
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    Masthead (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110701
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  • 156
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    The maintenance of self-replicating plasmids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Mathematical modelling, computer simulations and experimental tests (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 641-658 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: 2 μm plasmid ; yeast ; maternal bias ; DNA amplification ; plasmid stability ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A distributive model has been constructed to describe the maintenance of the native 2 μm and 2 μm-based plasmids in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This model includes elements which represent the influence of selection, segregation, replication and amplification on plasmid stability. A computer program has been written in TURBO PASCAL to implement the model and a number of simulation experiments have been carried out. These simulations permitted the choice of a form of the model which is compatible with the available experimental evidence. The form chosen involves an amplification system in which the RAF gene product binds to the Rep1/Rep2 dimer to prevent the latter acting to repress the activity of the FLP gene. At the same time an upper limit (or ‘ceiling’) was imposed on the number of plasmid molecules able to replicate. Maternal bias was accommodated by ‘tagging’ a small proportion of molecules for inheritance by the mother nucleus and these tags being removed (or ‘cleared’) by the Rep1/Rep2 dimers. This final form of the model makes specific predictions about the stability of 2 μm and YEp plasmids in yeast populations and about the distribution of plasmid copy number between cells in such populations. The predictions on stability have been subjected to experimental test and results provide good support for the model.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110705
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  • 157
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    Mapping of the ACC1/FAS3 gene to the right arm of chromosome XIV of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 697-700 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: chromosome XIV ; ACC1/FAS3 ; RNA2 ; ABP2 ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The ACC1/FAS3 gene has been mapped to the right arm of chromosome XIV by both genetic and physical methods. The gene is closely linked to RNA2 and is allelic to the ABP2 gene of chromosome XIV.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110711
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  • 158
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    Characteristics of spontaneous revertants in haploid yeast (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 701-711 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: spontaneous reversion rate ; limiting metabolite content ; adaptive mutagenesis ; heterogeneity of revertants ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The appearance dynamics of spontaneous revertants in adenine- or leucine-auxotrophic haploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains has been studied using mathematical simulation methods. In the case of adenine auxotrophs an increase in the number of revertants with decreasing metabolite content is found to result mainly from increasing the rate of intragenic suppressor mutations. In the case of leucine auxotrophs revertants result from increasing the appearance of mutants formed at similar rates under different cultivation conditions. In the latter case the appearance of mutant colonies increases with decreasing size of colonies of the initial auxotrophic cells. The last can simulate so-called adaptive mutagenesis. The heterogeneity of revertants appearing in different time periods is described.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110802
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  • 159
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    A regulated MET3-GLC7 gene fusion provides evidence of a mitotic role for Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein phosphatase 1 (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 747-759 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; GLC7 ; protein phosphatase ; mitosis ; MET3 promoter ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Saccharomyces cerevisiae possesses a single essential gene (GLC7) encoding protein phosphatase 1 (PP1). Elevated expression of this gene from the GAL1 promoter is highly detrimental to the cell, causing a growth defect and aberrant bud morphology, which leads to cells exhibiting long, extended buds. By comparison, expression of GLC7 from the weaker MET3 promoter was without significant effect on either growth or morphology. However, repression of GLC7 expression from the MET3 promoter in cells where the MET3-GLC7 fusion was the sole source of PP1 resulted in a mitotic delay. Such cultures showed a massive decrease in the rate of proliferation in conjunction with a significant increase in the proportion of large, budded cells. 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI) staining and anti-tubulin immunofluorescence analysis of these cells revealed that many were blocked in mitosis, with a short spindle and DAPI-stained material stretched between the mother and daughter cell within the bud neck. These results support a role for PP1 in the completion of mitosis in S. cerevisiae.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110806
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  • 160
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    Current awareness on yeast (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 793-800 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110812
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  • 161
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    Biochemical similarity of Schizosaccharomyces pombe ras1 protein with RAS2 protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 801-808 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: pombe ; ras1 protein ; GTP binding ; GTPase ; ATP binding ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Schizosaccharomyces pombe contains single ras oncogene homologue, ras1, that functions in the signal transduction pathway conducting the cell's mating processes. To understand the biochemical basis of yeast ras proteins, we have purified the ras1 protein and compared the major biochemical constants with those of RAS2 protein from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and mammalian ras proteins. The purified ras1 protein showed a remarkably high Kd value for GDP binding (178 nM) and for binding with ATP. In contrast, the Kd value for GTP binding and the rate of GTPase activity were 64 nM and 77 × 10-6 s-1 at 37°C, respectively; both were higher than normal p21ras protein, but at the same level as the RAS2 protein. We directly measured rate of GTP binding and GDP binding which were 3.9 × 10-3 s-1 and 1.8 × 10-3 s-1 at 30°C, respectively. On the other hand, exchange rates between bound and free nucleotides remained almost constant throughout the tested combination of GTP and GDP, and were several-fold lower than the binding rate. These results suggest that the release of the guanine nucleotide is the rate-limiting step in the ras-GTP/GDP cycle. As a whole, the biochemical properties of the ras1 protein are close to those of the RAS2 protein, although these two proteins function differently in the signal transduction pathway in the cells.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110902
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    A short-chain dehydrogenase gene from Pichia stipitis having D-arabinitol dehydrogenase activity (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 839-847 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: yeast ; Pichia stipitis ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; overexpression ; ARDH ; D-arabinitol dehydrogenase ; zymogram screening ; arabinitol metabolism ; xylose metabolism ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: An NAD+-dependent D-arabinitol dehydrogenase (polyol dehydrogenase) gene was isolated from Pichia stipitis CBS 6054 and cloned in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The gene was isolated by screening of a λ-cDNA library with a zymogram technique. D-Arabinitol, xylitol, D-glucitol and galactitol are substrates for the recominant protein. With D-arabinitol as substrate the reaction product is D-ribulose. The molecular weight of the native tetramer enzyme is 110 000 Da and the monomer is 30 000 Da. The amino acid sequence is homologous to the short-chain dehydrogenase family. It is 85·5% identical to a D-arabinitol dehydrogenase from Candida albicans. The gene in P. stipitis was induced by D-arabinitol and P. stipitis was able to grow on D-arabinitol. The physiological role of D-rabinitol metabolism is discussed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110906
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    Transcriptional studies on yeast SEC genes provide no evidence for regulation at the transcriptional level (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 901-911 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; secretory pathway ; transcriptional control ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A number of proteins have been identified as components of the secretory pathway of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SEC gene products). However, very little is known about the expression of these components and their regulation at the transcriptional level. In this study yeast cells were exposed to conditions that changed the secretory activity of the cells. The conditions analysed include the different stages of the cell cycle, overexpression of secretory proteins, and block of secretion and endocytosis. The effect of these conditions on the transcriptional expression levels of a number of SEC genes (SAR1, SEC1, SEC14, SEC17, SEC18, SEC23, SEC62, YPT1) was analysed. In summary, no major changes in transcriptional expression levels could be detected. From these results we conclude that the components of the secretory pathway are expressed constitutively and that no general regulation of transcription exists, that could adjust the expression level of the SEC genes to the secretory activity of the cells.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320111002
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    XIV. Yeast sequencing reports. The sequence of a 44 420 bp fragment located on the left arm of chromosome XIV from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 967-974 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; genome sequencing ; chromosome XIV ; cytochrome c oxidase ; actin ; tyrosine phosphatase ; porin ; nucleolar protein ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of a 44 420 bp DNA fragment from chromosome XIV of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The sequence data revealed 23 open reading frames (ORFs) larger than 300 bp, covering 73·5% of the sequence. The ORFs N2418, N2441, N2474 and N2480 correspond to previously sequenced S. cerevisiae genes coding respectively for the mitochondrial import protein Mas5, the nucleolar protein Nop2, the outer mitochondrial membrane porin Por1, the cytochrome c oxidase polypeptide VA precursor CoxA and the yeast protein tyrosine phosphatase Msg5. Translation products of three other ORFs N2406, N2411 and N2430 exhibit similarity to previously known S. cerevisiae proteins: the ribosomal protein YL9A, the protein Nca3 involved in the mitochondrial expression of subunits 6 and 8 of the ATP synthase and actin; in addition N2505 presents strong similarity to an ORF of chromosome IX. The predicted protein products of ORFs N2417 and N2403 present similarities with domains from proteins of other organisms: the Candida maltosa cycloheximide-resistance protein, the human interleukin enhancer-binding factor (ILF-2). The 12 remaining ORFs show no significant similarity to known proteins. In addition, we have detected a DNA region very similar to the yeast transposon Ty 1-15 of which insertion has disrupted a tRNAAsp gene. The sequence has been deposited in the GenBank database with the Accession Number U12141.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320111008
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    XIV. Yeast sequencing reports. An 8·2 kb DNA segment from chromosome XIV carries the RPD3 and PAS8 genes as well as the Saccharomyces cerevisiae homologue of the thiamine-repressed nmt1 gene and a Chromosome III-duplicated gene for a putative aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 987-991 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; chromosome XIV ; PAS8 ; RPD3 ; nmt1 ; YCR107w ; aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: An 8·2 kb DNA segment from the left arm of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome XIV (GenBank/EMBL accession number: X83226) encompasses four open reading frames (ORFs) longer than 100 residues. The ORF N0295 is highly similar to the Aspergillus parasiticus and Schizosaccharomyces pombe nmt1 gene products, which are involved in thiamine biosynthesis and are strongly repressed by thiamine. N0300 is 76% identical to YCR107w, a hypothetical protein of yeast chromosome III, and 55% identical to a ligninolytic aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase from the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium. In addition, this fragment encodes Rpd3, a pleiotropic transcription factor (Vidal and Gaber, 1991), and part of Pas8, a protein essential for the biogenesis of peroxisomes (Voorn-Brouwer) et al., (1993). The sequence of the right flanking region has already been submitted to the EMBL data library under Accession Number Z46259 (Maftahi et al., 1995).
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320111010
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    Isolation and characterization of a novel yeast gene, ATH1, that is required for vacuolar acid trehalase activity (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 1015-1025 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: stationary phase ; stress response ; trehalose ; vacuole ; yeast ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We have isolated a plasmid containing a gene, ATH1, that results in eight- to ten-fold higher acid trehalase activity in yeast cells when present in high copy. The screening procedure was based on overproduction-induced mislocalization of acid trehalase activity; overproduction of vacuolar enzymes that transit through the secretory pathway leads to secretion to the cell surface. A DNA fragment that confers cell surface expression of acid trehalase activity was cloned and sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequence displayed no homology to known proteins, indicating that we have identified a novel gene. A deletion in the genomic copy of the ATH1 gene eliminates vacuolar acid trehalase activity. These results suggest that ATH1 may be the structural gene encoding vacuolar acid trehalase or that the gene product may be an essential regulatory component involved in control of trehalase activity. The sequence has been deposited in the GenBank data library under Accession Number X84156 S. cerevisiae ATH1 gene.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320111103
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    VIV. Yeast sequencing reports. Sequencing analysis of a 24·7 kb fragment of yeast chromosome XIV identifies six known genes, a new member of the hexose transporter family and ten new open reading frames (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 1077-1085 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Genome sequencing ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; yeast ; chromosome XIV ; KRE1 ; PHA2 ; ATP11 ; DAL82 ; RFA2 ; MCK1 ; HXT14 ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The DNA sequence of a 24·7 kb region covering the left arm of chromosome XIV from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was determined. This region contains 17 open reading frames (ORFs) which code for proteins of more than 100 amino acids. Five ORFs correspond to the KRE1, ATP11, DAL82, RFA2 and MCK1 loci, described previously. Two ORFs present high similarity to known proteins: NO345 with the hexose transporter family, and NO351 with the yeast chorismate mutase/prephenate dehydratase enzyme encoded by PHA2. Six ORFs show limited similarity with known proteins or some specific features: NO339 presents 11 potential transmembrane domains. NO343, which is internal to NO345, presents a putative signal sequence and a potential transmembrane domain. NO348 shows similarity with YCW2, TUP1 and SEC13. NO364 reveals a signature for a pyridoxal-phosphate attachment site. Finally, NO384 and NO388 present a biased amino acid composition, being rich in Asn or Glu/Lys/Arg, respectively. Four other ORFs (NO342, NO376, NO381 and NO397) show no similarity to proteins within the databases screened. The sequence has been entered in the EMBL data library under Accession Number Z46259.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320111109
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    2-μm vectors containing the Saccharomyces cerevisiae metallothionein gene as a selectable marker: Excellent stability in complex media, and high-level expression of a recombinant protein from a CUP1-promoter-controlled expression cassette in cis (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 1-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Yeast ; metallothionein ; heterologous proteins ; dominant selectable marker ; copy number control ; hirudin ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We have constructed 2-μm-based yeast expression vectors containing a copy of the metallothionein (CUP1) gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a semi-dominant, selectable marker. When used for the expression of the thrombin inhibitor hirudin, originally derived from the leech Hirudo medicinalis, these vectors displayed the following characteristics. (1) In the presence of copper salts, they were mitotically more stable than similarly designed control vectors lacking the CUP1 gene. In copper-sensitive host strains, the apparent plasmid stability was 100%, even in complex media and during fed-batch fermentation for an extended period of time. (2) Use of the CUP1-stabilized plasmids improved the production of hirudin by both copper-sensitive and copper-resistant hosts. The highest hirudin titers were obtained with a ΔCUP1 host. (3) Copper selection resulted in a moderate increase in average plasmid copy numbers (up to two-fold) as assessed by measuring hirudin expression from a constitutive promoter (GAPFL). This effect was most noticeable if the vector showed an asymmetric segregation pattern (i.e., high rates of plasmid loss in the absence of copper). (4) The CUP1 marker proved particularly useful in combination with a CUP1-promoter-controlled expression cassette on the same plasmid. In such a set-up, the rates of transcription of the heterologous protein and that of the selectable marker are tightly linked. Therefore, an increase in selective pressure directly provokes an increase in product yields. In a copper-sensitive host strain, this plasmid design allowed for the production of very high amounts of biologically active hirudin. Our results clearly establish the utility of the CUP1 marker in the construction of stable yeast expression vectors.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110102
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    Construction of a set of convenient saccharomyces cerevisiae strains that are isogenic to S288C (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 53-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: S288C ; isogenic ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A set of GAL2+ yeast strains that are isogenic to strain S288C have been constructed. They contain non-reverting mutations in genes commonly used for selection for recombinant plasmids. Strains from this collection are being used for the European Union Yeast Genome Sequencing Programme. Representative strains from this collection have been deposited with the ATCC.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110107
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    Nucleotide sequence and analysis of the centromeric region of yeast chromosome IX (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 61-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; chromosome IX ; centromere ; nucleic acid binding proteins ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We have determined the nucleotide sequence of a cosmid (pIX338) containing the centromere region of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) chromosome IX. The complete nucleotide sequence of 33·8 kb was obtained by using an efficient directed sequencing strategy in combination with automated DNA sequencing on the A.L.F. DNA sequencer. Sequence analysis revealed the presence of 17 open reading frames (ORFs), four of them previously known yeast genes (sly12, pan1, sts1 and prl1), a tRNA gene and the centromere motif. Exhaustive database searches detected sequence homologues of known function for as many as 14 of the 17 ORFs. These include a mammalian tyrosine kinase substrate; the Escherichia coli cell cycle protein MinD; the human inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase (gene OCRL) involved in Lowe's syndrome, a developmental disorder; and helicases, for which the new yeast member defines a distinct DEAD/H-box subfamily. A surprisingly large fraction of the ORFs (at least six out of 17) in the centromeric region are apparently involved in RNA or DNA binding.The nucleotide sequence reported here has been submitted to the EMBL data library under the accession number X79743.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110109
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    Masthead (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110201
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    Transcriptional regulation of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae HXK1, HXK2 and GLK1 genes (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 137-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; HXK1 ; HXK2 ; GLK1 ; mRNA ; transcriptional control ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the transcriptional regulation of most glycolytic genes has been extensively studied. By contrast, little is known about the transcriptional control of the three glucose-phosphorylating enzymes, although this catalytic reaction has an important role in the regulation of cell metabolism. In this paper, we describe the transcriptional regulation of the HXK1, HXK2 and GLK1 genes in the hope of revealing differences in the steady-state levels of mRNA associated with a particular carbon source used in the culture medium. Our results provide evidence supporting a differential expression of the three genes depending on the carbon source used for growth. We have also studied the induction and repression kinetics of mRNA expression for the HXK1, HXK2 and GLK1 genes.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110205
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    Characterization of Schizosaccharomyces pombe his1 and his5 cDNAs (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 157-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: DNA sequencing ; gene disruption ; histidine biosynthesis ; his1 ; his5 ; Schizosaccharomyces pombe ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We have isolated Schizosaccharomyces pombe cDNAs corresponding to the genes his1+ and his5+. The his1 cDNA was isolated by functional complementation of the His- phenotype in a his1-29 gcn3 Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain, while the his5 cDNA was isolated as a suppressor of the 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (3-AT) sensitivity in a gcn3 S. cerevisiae strain. his1 and his5 are each present in single copy in haploid S. pombe. As is the case with S. cerevisiae, we have found that the growth of wild-type strains of S. pombe is sensitive to 3-AT, an inhibitor of imidazoleglycerol-phosphate dehydratase. This enzyme is encoded by the HIS3 gene in S. cerevisiae and the his5+ gene in S. pombe. Treatment of S. pombe cells with 3-AT leads to a small increase in the level of the his5 transcript, but no effect is seen on the level of the his1 transcript. This is in contrast to larger increases in transcription of amino acid biosynthetic genes, regulated by the general amino acid control, seen previously in similarly treated cultures of S. cerevisiae. These results suggest that there are likely to be some differences in the regulation of amino acid biosynthesis between these two yeasts.Sequences reported here have been deposited with GenBank as U07830 (his1) and U07831 (his5).
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110207
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    Current awareness on yeast (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 193-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110212
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    Localization of a protein a-tagged kex2 protein to the vacuole of Saccharomyces cerevisiae allows rapid purification of vacuolar membranes (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 201-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; protein trafficking ; vacuole ; cell fractionation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We have previously reported an immunoisolation procedure which allows purification of Kex2p-containing Golgi membranes from lysed yeast cells. In order to evaluate the use of tagging procedures in organelle isolation we set out to isolate the same Golgi membrane fraction using a version of the Kex2 protease that had been affinity-tagged at its C-terminus. This protein is found to be localized in the vacuole, providing the basis of a method for the affinity-purification of vacuolar membranes.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110302
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    UASNTR functioning in combination with other UAS elements underlies exceptional patterns of nitrogen regulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 247-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; UAS ; promoter ; transcription ; nitrogen metabolism ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: UASNTR, the UAS responsible for nitrogen catabolite repression-sensitive transcriptional activation of many nitrogen catabolic genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has been previously thought to operate only as a pair of closely related dodecanucleotide sites each containing the sequence GATAA at its core. Here we show that a single UASNTR site is also able to combine with another unrelated cis-acting element to mediate transcription as well. In one instance the unrelated cis-acting element was TTTGTTTAC situated upstream of GLN1, while in another the cis-acting element was the one previously shown to bind the PUT3 protein. When a UASNTR site functions in combination with an unrelated site, the regulatory responses observed are a hybrid consisting of characteristics derived from both the UASNTR site and the unrelated site as well. These observations resolve several significant inconsistencies that have plagued studies focused on elucidation of the mechanisms involved in the global regulation of nitrogen catabolism.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110307
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    Masthead (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110401
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    Transient responses of Candida utilis to oxygen limitation: Regulation of the Kluyver effect for maltose (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 317-325 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: yeast ; Candida utilis ; alcoholic fermentation ; Kluyver effect ; oxygen limitation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The facultatively fermentative yeast Candida utilis exhibits the Kluyver effect for maltose: this disaccharide is respired and assimilated but, in contrast to glucose, it cannot be fermented. To study the mechanism of the Kluyver effect, metabolic responses of C. utilis to a transition from aerobic, sugar-limited growth to oxygen-limited conditions were studied in chemostat cultures. Unexpectedly, the initial response of maltose-grown cultures to oxygen limitation was very similar to that of glucose-grown cultures. In both cases, alcoholic fermentation occurred after a lag phase of 1 h, during which glycerol, pyruvate and D-lactate were the main fermentation products. After ca. 10 h the behaviour of the maltose- and glucose-grown cultures diverged: ethanol disappeared from the maltose-grown cultures, whereas fermentation continued in steady-state, oxygen-limited cultures grown on glucose. The disappearance of alcoholic fermentation in oxygen-limited chemostat cultures growing on maltose was not due to a repression of the synthesis of pyruvate decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase. The results demonstrate that the Kluyver effect for maltose in C. utilis does not reflect an intrinsic inability of this yeast to ferment maltose, but is caused by a regulatory phenomenon that affects a key enzyme in maltose metabolism, probably the maltose carrier. The observed kinetics indicate that this regulation occurs at the level of enzyme synthesis rather than via modification of existing enzyme activity.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110404
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    Extraordinary sequence conservation of the PRP8 splicing factor (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 337-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Caenorhabditis elegans ; plant ; human ; Plasmodium falciparum ; pre-mRNA splicing ; RNA binding protein ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110406
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    Studies on the transformation of intact yeast cells by the LiAc/SS-DNA/PEG procedure (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 355-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae genetics ; transformation ; cell wall permeability ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: An improved lithium acetate (LiAc)/single-stranded DNA (SS-DNA)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) protocol which yields 〉1 × 106 transformants/μg plasmid DNA and the original protocol described by Schiestl and Gietz (1989) were used to investigate aspects of the mechanism of LiAc/SS-DNA/PEG transformation. The highest transformation efficiency was observed when 1 × 108 cells were transformed with 100 ng plasmid DNA in the presence of 50 μg SS carrier DNA. The yield of transformants increased linearly up to 5 μg plasmid per transformation. A 20-min heat shock at 42°C was necessary for maximal yields. PEG was found to deposit both carrier DNA and plasmid DNA onto cells. SS carrier DNA bound more effectively to the cells and caused tighter binding of 32P-labelled plasmid DNA than did double-stranded (DS) carrier. The LiAc/SS-DNA/PEG transformation method did not result in cell fusion. DS carrier DNA competed with DS vector DNA in the transformation reaction. SS plasmid DNA transformed cells poorly in combination with both SS and DS carrier DNA. The LiAc/SS-DNA/PEG method was shown to be more effective than other treatments known to make cells transformable. A model for the mechanism of transformation by the LiAc/SS-DNA/PEG method is discussed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110408
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    Calendar (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 393-393 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110413
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    Induced expression of bacterial β-glucosidase activity in saccharomyces (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 395-406 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Bacillus polymyxa ; β-galactosidase ; cellobiose ; lactose ; fermentation ; GAL4 ; kar2 ; ploidy ; RDN1 ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The bglA gene which encodes a β-glucosidase from Bacillus polymyxa, has been expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae under control of the yeast CYC-GAL promoter. Strains have been constructed which carry the gene in different locations: in a multicopy plasmid, a single integration at the URA3 locus, or multiple integrations at the RDN1 locus. Integrative transformation at RDN1 yielded genetically stable clones with a high level of β-glucosidase activity. Coordinated overexpression of the GAL4 inducer protein further increased the level of enzyme activity, although eventually caused the lysis of the cultures. Diploid, triploid and tetraploid strains derived from the transformants with multiple integrations were constructed and expression of β-glucosidase activity in different conditions of growth was assayed. While per-cell activity increased with ploidy, specific activity was about the same in strains of equivalent genotype regardless of ploidy. Genetically stable and regulated expression in Saccharomyces of β-glucosidase activity is interesting for the development of strains able to ferment β-glycosidic sugars (i.e. cellobiose and lactose). From another point of view, the bglA product proved to be a convenient reporter enzyme to monitor heterologous gene expression.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110502
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    Transcriptional regulation of flocculation genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 435-446 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; flocculation ; FLO1 ; transcription ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Northern analysis showed that DNA from the flocculation gene FLO1 hybridized to mRNA molecules of 4·8 kb. This transcript was specific for the FLO1 gene at the right end of chromosome I since disruption of this gene resulted in the disappearance of the transcript. We further found an absolute correlation between flocculation and the presence of transcripts hybridizing to FLO1 DNA, both in various flocculent and non-flocculent strains and in cells from the non-flocculating and flocculating stages of growth. In all cases transcripts were present in flocculating and absent from non-flocculating cultures. From these results we conclude that the FLO1 gene is transcriptionally regulated.Mutations in TUP1 or SSN6 cause flocculation. Several transcripts hybridizing to FLO1 DNA were present in the mutants but not in the corresponding wild-type strains. Disruption of the FLO1 gene in the tup1 and ssn6 strains showed that one of the transcripts corresponded to the FLO1 gene. Disruption of FLO1 did not abolish flocculation completely but only reduced it, indicating that at least two flocculation genes, including FLO1, are activated or derepressed by mutations in the TUP1/SSN6 regulatory cascade.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110506
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    Cloning and sequencing of the LEU2 homologue gene of Schwanniomyces occidentalis (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 467-473 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Schwanniomyces occidentalis ; LEU2 gene ; leucine ; codon usage ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A gene that complements the leu2 mutation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been cloned from Schwanniomyces occidentalis. The gene codes for a protein of 379 amino acids. As expected for a Schwanniomyces gene, it has a high AT content, which is also reflected in the codon usage. The sequence homology with other known leu2 complementing genes is low. The nucleotide sequence of the Schw. occidentalis LEU2 gene has been assigned the Accession Number X79823 SOLEU2 by EMBL.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110510
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    Genetic mapping of the α-galactosidase MEL gene family on right and left telomeres of Saccharomyces cerevisiaeNote added in proof: The recent sequencing of the right and left telomeres of chromosome XII have revealed that they were inverted in the mapping of Louis and Borts (1995). The correct designations are made in the text. (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 481-483 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: MEL genes ; gene mapping ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; telomeres ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The α-galactosidase MEL2-MEL10 genes have been genetically mapped to right and left telomere regions of the following chromosomes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: MEL2 at VII L, MEL3 at XVI L, MEL4 at XI L, MEL5 at IV L, MEL6 at XIII R, MEL7 at VI R, MEL8 at XV R, MEL9 at X R and MEL10 at XII R. A set of tester strains with URA3 inserted into individual telomeres and no MEL genes was used for mapping.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110512
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    Mutations sensitizing yeast cells to the start inhibitor nalidixic acid (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 537-547 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: yeast ; Start ; nalidixic acid ; ERG6 ; ARO7 ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The regulatory step Start in the cell cycle of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is inhibited by nalidixic acid (Nal). To study this inhibition, mutations were identified that alter the sensitivity of yeast cells to Nal. Nal-sensitive mutations were sought because the inhibitory effects of Nal on wild-type cells are only transient, and wild-type cells naturally become refractory to Nal. Three complementation groups of Nal-sensitive mutations were found. Mutations in the first complementation group were shown to reside in the ARO7 gene, encoding chorismate mutase; tyrosine and phenylalanine synthesis was inhibited by Nal in these aro7 mutants, whereas wild-type chorismate mutase was unaffected. These aro7 alleles demonstrate ‘recruitment’, by mutation, of an innately indifferent protein to an inhibitor-sensitive form. The Nal-sensitive aro7 mutant cells were used to show that the resumption of Nal-inhibited nuclear activity and cell proliferation takes place while cytoplasmic Nal persists at concentrations inhibitory for the mutant chorismate mutase. Mutations in the second complementation group, nss2 (Nal-supersensitive), increased intracellular Nal concentrations, and may simply alter the permeability of cells to Nal. The third complementation group was found to be the ERG6 gene, previously suggested to encode the ergosterol biosynthetic enzyme sterol methyltransferase. Mutation or deletion of the ERG6 gene had little effect on the inhibition of Start by Nal, but prevented recovery from this inhibition. Mutation of ERG3, encoding another ergosterol biosynthetic enzyme, also caused Nal sensitivity, suggesting that plasma membrane sterol composition, and plasma membrane function, mediates recovery from Nal-mediated inhibition of Start.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110603
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    Identification and initial characterization of the cytosolic protein Ycr77p (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 581-585 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; chromosome III ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The nucleotide sequence of yeast chromosome III encompassing the previously described open reading frames (ORFs) YCR80w, YCR77c and YCR78c (Oliver et al., 1992) has been updated. In the corrected sequence, these ORFs are replaced by two new ORFs, YCR80w (453 bp) and YCR77c (2391 bp). In addition, the orientation of Ycr79c is reversed to give ORF Ycr79w, which has an unaltered nt sequence. The predicted translation products do not exhibit significant homology to known proteins. ORF Ycr77p encodes an 88 kDa, cytosolic protein. A fraction of the protein is associated with small membranous structures in a salt-sensitive fashion. Initial characterization revealed that the protein is not essential for yeast viability, growth on non-fermentable carbon sources, mating and sporulation. The chromosome III DNA sequence that was used for the analysis has the Accession Number X59720 in the GenBank/EMBL database.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110608
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    In vivo cloning by homologous recombination in yeast using a two-plasmid-based system (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 629-640 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Shuttle phagemids ; promoters ; in vivo recombination ; selective markers ; 2 μm plasmid ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In order to reduce the number of classical DNA manipulation and ligation steps in the generation of yeast expression plasmids, a series of vectors is described which facilitate the assembly of such plasmids by the more efficient ‘recombination in vivo’ technique. Two sets of vectors were developed. The first set, called ‘expression vectors’, contains an expression cassette with a yeast promoter and the PGK terminator separated by a polylinker, and an Escherichia coli replicon. Subcloning in these vectors of a DNA fragment generates a ‘transfer vector’ which is compatible with the second set of E. coli-yeast shuttle vectors. This set of ‘recombination vectors’ contains a cassette for a functional copy of a gene complementing a host strain auxotrophy or a bacterial gene conferring an antibiotic resistance to the plasmid-bearing host. Plasmid copy numbers can be modulated through the use of URA3 or URA3-d as the selective marker together with an ARS/CEN and the 2 μm replicon.Integration of the cloned DNAs into the yeast linearized replicative vectors occurs by recombination between homologous flanking sequences during transformation in yeast or E. coli. All the vectors contain the origin of replication of phage f1 and allow the generation of single-stranded DNA in E. coli for sequencing or site-directed mutagenesis.The sequence presented (Figure 1a) has been entered in the EMBL data library under Accession Number Z48747.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110704
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    Analysis of a 32·8 kb segment of yeast chromosome IV reveals 21 open reading frames, including TPS2, PPH3, RAD55, SED1, PDC2, AFR1, SSS1, SLU7 and a tRNA for arginine (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 673-679 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; chromosome IV ; TPS2 ; PPH3 ; RAD55 ; SED1 ; PDC2 ; AFR1 ; SLU7 ; SSS1 ; leucine zipper ; PDR1 ; TPR motif ; tRNAArg ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We report the nucleotide sequence of a 32·8 kb DNA segment from the right arm of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome IV. The sequence contains 20 open reading frames (ORFs) longer than 300 bp as well as the 240 bp gene coding for the essential SSS1 secretory protein. Nine ORFs previously totally or partially sequenced (TPS2, PPH3, RAD55, SED1, PDC2, AFR1, SSS1, SLU7 and D4478) are presented, as well as the transmembrane protein D4405, the leucine zipper containing D4495 and a new tRNA for arginine. D4456 and D4461 are separated by a single in-frame stop codon only. The other five ORFs show no particular features or significant homology. The sequence is recorded in EMBL database under Accession Number X82086.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110708
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    Sequence analysis of a 33·1 kb fragment from the left arm of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome X, including putative proteins with leucine zippers, a fungal Zn(II)2-Cys6 binuclear cluster domain and a putative α2-SCB-α2 binding site (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 681-689 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: yeast ; ARG3 ; LIGTR/LIG1 ; ORF2 ; ACT3 ; SCP160 ; CAN1 ; SCP/Tpx-1 ; Ag3/Ag5 ; PR-1 ; Sc7/Sc14 ; Ykz3p ; transposon-based sequencing ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In the framework of the European BIOTECH project for sequencing the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome, we have determined the nucleotide sequence of the left part of the cosmid clone 232 and the cosmid clone 233 provided by F. Galibert (Rennes Cedex, France). We present here 33,099 base pairs of sequence derived from the left arm of chromosome X of strain S288C. This sequence reveals 17 open reading frames (ORFs) with more than 299 base pairs, including the published sequences for ARG3, LIGTR/LIG1, ORF2, ACT3 and SCP160. Two other ORFs showed similarity with S. cerevisiae genes: one with the CAN1 gene coding for an arginine permease, and one with genes encoding the family of transcriptional activators containing a fungal Zn(II)2-Cys6 binuclear cluster domain like that found in Ppr1p or Gal4p. Both putative proteins contain a leucine zipper motif, the Can1p homologue has 12 putative membrane-spanning domains and a putative α2-SCB-α2 binding site. In a diploid disruption mutant of ORF J0922 coding for the transcriptional activator homologue, no colonies appeared before 10 days after transformation and then grew slowly. In contrast, haploid disruption mutants showed a growth phenotype like wild-type cells. One ORF showed weak similarity to the rad4 gene product of Schizosaccharomyces pombe and is essential for yeast growth. Five ORFs showed similarity to putative genes on the right arm of chromosome XI of S. cerevisiae. Two of them have similarity to each other and belong to a family of extracellular proteins that groups mammalian SCP/Tpx-1, insects Ag3/Ag5, plants PR-1 and fungi Sc7/Sc14. Three small ORFs are completely contained in the larger ORFs on the corresponding complementary strand and thus probably do not represent real genes. The DNA sequence has been deposited in the EMBL data library under Accession Number X83502.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110709
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    Localization of the dominant flocculation genes FLO5 and FLO8 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 735-745 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Flocculation ; FLO1 ; FLO5 ; FLO8 ; genetic map ; physical map ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae three dominant flocculation genes, FLO1, FLO5 and FLO8 have been described. Until now only the FLO1 gene, which is located at chromosome I, has been cloned and sequenced. FLO5 and FLO8 were previously localized at chromosomes I and VIII respectively (Vezinhet, F., Blondin, B. and Barre, P. (1991). Mapping of the FLO5 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by transfer of a chromosome during cytoduction. Biotechnol. Lett. 13, 47-52; Yamashita, I. and Fukui, S. (1983). Mating signals control expression of both starch fermentation genes and a novel flocculation gene FLO8 in the yeast Saccharomyces. Agric. Biol. Chem. 47, 2889-2896). This was not in agreement with our results. Here, we report the location of FLO5 and FLO8 on chromosomes VIII and I respectively.By induced chromosome loss and genetic mapping, the FLO5 gene was localized at the right end of chromosome VIII approximately 34 cM centromere distal of PET3. This is part of the region that is present both at chromosome I and chromosome VIII. The location of FLO5 in this area of chromosome VIII made it necessary to re-evaluate the localization of FLO8, which was previously thought to occur in this region. Both genetic and physical mapping showed that FLO8 is allelic to FLO1. Hence, there are only two known dominant flocculation genes, FLO1 and FLO5.Analysis of the nucleotide sequence of chromosome VIII of a non-flocculent strain revealed an open reading frame encoding a putative protein that is approximately 96% identical to the Flo1 protein.This suggests that both dominant flocculation genes encode similar, cell wall-associated, proteins with the same function in the flocculation mechanism.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110805
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    Analysis of a 42·5 kb DNA sequence of chromosome X reveals three tRNA genes and 14 new open reading frames including a gene most probably belonging to the family of ubiquitin-protein ligases (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 775-781 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; chromosome X ; open reading frames ; tRNA ; ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic pathway ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We have sequenced a 42,500 bp stretch located on chromosome X of Saccharomyces cerevisiae between the genes MET3 and CDC8. This stretch contains 24 open reading frames (ORFs) of at least 100 amino acids. Ten of these correspond to previously published sequences, whereas of the 14 remaining ORFs, only one, GTD892, has significant similarity to proteins from yeast or other organisms. It may belong to the family of ubiquitin-protein ligases and be involved in the ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic pathway. In addition, three tRNA genes were recognized, two of which had not been hitherto localized. The sequence has been deposited in the Genome Sequence Data Base under Accession Number L36344.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110809
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    SSU71, encoding the largest subunit of TFIIF, is located on the right arm of chromosome VII in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 789-791 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; chromosome VII ; SSU71 ; TFG1 ; QCR9 ; TYS1 ; UBR1 ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SSU71 (TFG1) is an essential nuclear gene encoding the largest subunit of the yeast general transcription factor TFIIF. The SSU71 gene was physically mapped to the right arm of chromosome VII, physically linked to QCR9, by hybridization of the cloned gene to CHEF and lambda clone grid blots. This assignment was confirmed by genetic mapping. A search of the nucleotide sequence databases revealed that SSU71 is immediately adjacent to the TYS1 gene, which encodes tRNATyr synthetase. TYS1 was reported previously to lie on chromosome XV based on sequence overlap with the adjacent UBR1 gene. The mapping data reported here established that TYS1 and UBR1 do not lie on chromosome XV; rather the SSU71-TYS1-UBR1 gene cluster lies on the right arm of chromosome VII, physically linked to QCR9 and genetically linked to ade3 and ser2.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110811
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  • 194
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    Characterization of Na+/H+-antiporter gene closely related to the salt-tolerance of yeast Zygosaccharomyces rouxii (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 829-838 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: salt-tolerant yeast ; Zygosaccharomyces rouxii ; Na+/H+-antiporter ; gene-disruption ; salt-tolerance ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In order to clarify the relationship between salt-tolerance of Zygosaccharomyces rouxii and the function of Na+/H+-antiporter, a gene was isolated from Z. rouxii which exhibited homology to the Na+/H+-antiporter gene (sod2) from Schizosaccharomyces pombe. This newly isolated gene (Z-SOD2) encoded a product of 791 amino acids, which was larger than the product encoded by its Sz. pombe homologue. The predicted amino-acid sequence of Z-Sod2p was highly homologous to that of the Sz. pombe protein, but included an extra-hydrophilic stretch in the C-terminal region. The expression of Z-SOD2 was constitutive and independent of NaCl-shock. Z-SOD2-disruptants of Z. rouxii did not grow in media supplemented with 3 M-NaCl, but grew well in the presence of 50% sorbitol, indicating that the function of Z-SOD2 was closely related to the salt-tolerance of Z. rouxii. Several genes are also compared and discussed in relation to the salt-tolerance of Z. rouxii. The nucleotide sequence data reported in this paper will appear in the GSDB, DDBJ, EMBL and NCBI nucleotide sequence databases with the following accession number: D43629.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110905
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    A new essential gene located on Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome IX (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 885-890 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: new essential gene ; chromosome IX ; RBP1 ; adenylate cyclase ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A new 1150 amino acids long open reading frame (ORF), coding for an essential protein of unknown function was found Saccharomyces cerevisiae by sequencing 3754 bp of geonomic DNA. The clone was isolated in a search for a fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) and was localized on chromosome IX. The ORF bears no homology to FABP, but it shows weak similarity to Plasmodium vivax reticulocyte binding protein 1 and to aggregation-specific adenylate cyclase from Dictyostelium discoideum. The new gene is constitutively transcribed regardless of the carbon source used. The nucleotide sequence reported in this paper has been deposited in GenBank (Accession Number U17918).
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110910
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    A 37·5 kb region of yeast chromosome X includes the SME1, MEF2, GSH1 and CSD3 genes, a TCP-1-related gene, an open reading frame similar to the DAL80 gene, and a tRNAArg (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 873-883 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: genome sequencing ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; chromosome X ; SME1 ; MEF2 IME2 ; GSH1 ; CSD3 ; TCP-1 ; DAL80 ; EF2 ; EFG ; tRNA-Arg ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The complete DNA sequence of cosmid clone p59 comprising 37,549 bp derived from chromsome X was determined from an ordered set of subclones. The sequence contains 14 open reading frames (ORFs) containing at least 100 consecutive sense codons. Four of the ORFs represent already known and sequenced yeast genes: B645 is identical to the SME1 gene encoding a protein kinase, required for induction of meiosis in yeast, D819 represents the MEF2 gene probably encoding a second mitochondrial elongation factor-like protein, D678 is identical to the yeast GSH1 gene encoding γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase and B746 is identical to the CSD3 gene, which plays an as yet unidentified role in chitin biosynthesis and/or its regulation. The deduced amino acid sequence of A550 is 63% identical to the Ccη subunit of a murine TCP-1-containing chaperonin and more than 35% identical to thermophilic factor 55 from Sulfolobus shibatae, as well as to a number of proteins belonging to the chaperonin TCP-1 family. Open reading frame F551 exhibits homology to two regions of the DAL80 gene located on yeast chromosome XI encoding a pleiotropic negative regulatory protein. In addition, extensive homology was detected in three regions including parts of ORFs A560, B746/CSD3 and the incomplete ORF C852 to three consecutive ORFs of unknown function in the middle of the right arm of chromosome XI. Finally, the sequence contained a tRNAArg3 (AGC) gene. The nucleotide sequence data reported in this paper have been deposited in the EMBL and GenBank databases under the accession number X85021.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110909
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    Targeting of heterologous membrane proteins into proliferated internal membranes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 913-928 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: fusion-gene expression ; protein targeting ; genetic engineering ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Overproduction of chimeric proteins containing the HMG2/1 peptide, which comprises the seven transmembrane domains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase isozymes 1 and 2, has previously been observed to induce the proliferation of internal endoplasmic reticulum-like membranes. In order to exploit this amplified membrane surface area for the accommodation of heterologous microsomal proteins, we fused sequences coding for human cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) to sequence encoding the HMG2/1 peptide and expressed the hybrid genes in yeast. The heterologous hybrid proteins were targeted into strongly proliferated membranes, as shown by electron microscopic and immunofluorescent analysis. Fusion proteins comprising the whole CYP1A1 polypeptide (HMG2/1-CYP1A1) exhibited 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity, whereas fusion proteins lacking the N-terminal 56 amino acids of CYP1A1 (HMG2/1-ΔCYP1A1) were inactive and appeared to be unable to incorporate protoheme. Similar amounts of heterologous protein were detected in cells expressing HMG2/1-CYP1A1, HMG2/1-ΔCYP1A1 and CYP1A1, respectively. Replacement of the N-terminal membrane anchor domain of human NADPH-cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase by the HMG2/1 peptide also resulted in a functional fusion enzyme, which was able to interact with HMG2/1-CYP1A1 and the yeast endogenous P450 enzyme lanosterol-14α-demethylase.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320111003
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    IV. Yeast sequencing reports. New open reading frames, one of which is similar to the nifV gene of Azotobacter vinelandii, Found on a 12·5 kbp fragment of chromosome IV of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 961-966 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: yeast ; genome sequencing ; chromosome IV ; VMA1 ; TFP1 ; YL41A ribosomal protein ; ATPase inhibitor ; PPH22 ; α-isopropylmalate synthase ; homocitrate synthase ; nifV ; VDE ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The nucleotide sequence of a 12·5 kbp segment of the left arm of chromosome IV is described. Five open reading frames (ORFs) longer than 100 amino acids were detected, all of which are completely confined to the 12·5 kbp region. Two ORFs (D1271 and D1286) correspond to previously sequenced genes (PPH22 and VMA1 or TFP1, respectively). ORF D1298 shows the characteristics of α-isopropylmalate and homocitrate synthase genes and is similar to the nifV gene of Azotobacter vinelandii. Two more ORFs have no apparent homologue in the data libraries. Conversely, two smaller ORFs of 25 and 85 amino acids encoding the ribosomal protein YL41A and an ATPase inhibitor, respectively, were detected. Although a substantial part of the 12·5 kbp fragment apparently lacks protein-coding characteristics, no other elements, such as tRNA genes or transposons, were found.The nucleotide sequence data reported in this paper will appear in the EMBL, GenBank and DDBJ Nucleotide Sequence Databases under the Accession Number X83276.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320111007
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  • 199
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    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320111101
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  • 200
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    Transcriptional regulation by an upstream repression sequence from the yeast enolase gene ENO1 (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 1031-1043 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: ENO1 ; repression ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The activity of an upstream repression sequence (URS element) that mediates a 20-fold repression of ENO1 expression in cells grown in a medium containing glucose was characterized. Sequences that are sufficient for orientation-dependent ENO1 URS element activity were mapped between positions -241 and -126 relative to the ENO1 transcriptional initiation site. The ENO1 URS element repressed transcription of the yeast CYC1 gene when positioned between the CYC1 upstream activation sequences (UAS elements) and TATAAA boxes. The ENO1 URS element failed to repress transcription of the wild-type yeast enolase gene ENO2; however, expression of an ENO2 gene lacking one of the ENO2 UAS elements was efficiently repressed by the ENO1 URS element, suggesting that the URS element interferes with the transcriptional activation by some, but not all, UAS elements. In contrast to the ENO1 gene, the ENO1 URS element repressed CYC1 and ENO2 expression in cells grown on glucose or glycerol plus lactate. Evidence is presented that the ENO1 URS element also functions during stationary growth phase.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320111105
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