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  • 1995-1999  (2,611)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1995  (2,611)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (1,554)
  • Chemical Engineering  (730)
  • Genetics  (327)
Source
Material
Years
  • 1995-1999  (2,611)
  • 1985-1989
Year
Keywords
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of Japanese families with early-onset type 2 (non-insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus and screening for mutations in the glucokinase and mitochondrial tRNALeu(UUR) genes (1995)
    Springer
    Acta diabetologica 32 (1995), S. 17-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Keywords: Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) ; Genetics ; Diabetes mellitus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Genetic linkage studies of families with earlyonset type 2 diabetes have facilitated the identification of diabetes-susceptibility genes. In order to assess the feasibility of using linkage approaches to identify genes responsible for the development of type 2 diabetes in Japanese subjects, we examined our clinical records for multigenerational families suitable for genetic studies. We identified 16 families in which at least one subject was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes before 25 years of age. Seven of these families had a pattern of inheritance consistent with a diagnosis of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) and nine families showed a complex pattern of inheritance of type 2 diabetes with transmission of diabetes-susceptibility genes from both parents. The glucokinase and mitochondrial tRNALeu(UUR) genes were screened for mutations in at least one affected subject from each family in order to assess the contribution of mutations in these genes to the development of the diabetes. No mutations were found, which suggests that the diabetes in these families resulted from mutations in other genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00581039
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of genomic regions affecting plant height in sorghum and maize (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 90 (1995), S. 380-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Genetics ; Breeding ; Sorghum bicolor Zea mays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The objective of this study was to use restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) to determine the genetic location and effects of genomic regions controlling plant height in sorghum. F2 plants (152) from the cross CK60 x PI229828 were used. Genomic and cDNA clones (106) identified 111 loci distributed among ten linkage groups covering 1299 cM. Interval mapping identified four regions, each in a separate linkage group. These regions may correspond to loci (dw) previously identified by alleles with qualitative effects. Also, these regions identified in sorghum may be orthologous to those previously reported for plant height in maize. Gene effects and gene action varied among genomic regions. In each region, PI229828 alleles resulted in increased plant height. Each region accounted for 9.2–28.7% of the phenotypic variation. Positive, additive effects ranged from 15 to 32cm. Tallness was dominant or overdominant and conferred by alleles from PI229828 for three quantitative trait loci (QTL). At the fourth QTL, PI229828 contributed to increased plant height, but short stature was partially dominant. One digenic interaction was significant. The presence of a PI229828 allele at one region diminished the effects of the other region. A multiple model indicated that these four regions collectively accounted for 63.4% of the total phenotypic variation. The utility of this information for germplasm conversion through backcross breeding is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221980
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mixed desmoplastic primitive neuroepithelial tumor of infancy: a light microscopic, immunocytochemical, ultrastructural and genetic study (1995)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 89 (1995), S. 99-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Primitive neuroepithelial tumor ; Desmoplastic small cell tumor ; Brain tumor of infancy Immunocytochemistry ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We describe a case of a desmoplastic brain tumor which was initially resected from the right fronto-temporal region in a 2 year-old boy. This nodular, calcified tumor was vascularized by the internal carotid artery and the middle meningeal artery branches. Grossly, it contained several mucoid cysts. Light microscopy showed cords or nests of small cuboidal cells surrounded by a loose connective tissue and desmoplasic areas containing fibers and spindle cells. The cuboidal cells expressed epithelial, neuronal and neuroendocrine markers. Some foci of spindle cells showed glial differentiation. The tumor recurred 16 months later and displayed some characteristics of the small cell neuroepithelial component, mitoses being conspicuous. Electron microscopy revealed undifferentiated clear cells, some containing neurosecretory granules. Karyotyping demonstrated the following formula: 〈 15 〉 46, t(8;11) (a13; q11). The chromosome 11 breakpoint was different from that described in Ewing's sarcoma. This isolated translocation has not been previously reported to our knowledge. These unusual features lead us to report this case and to discuss its pathogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294266
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fetal brain disruption sequence in sisters (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 154 (1995), S. 654-657 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Fetal development ; Brain diseases ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report two female siblings with the fetal brain disruption sequence. Extensive investigation of both children failed to define a definitive aetiology but clinical and laboratory findings are consistent with a hitherto unknown storage disease. We postulate that the accumulation of a neurotoxic metabolite may be responsible for the disease phenotype observed. This is the first report of recurrence of the fetal brain disruption sequence and supports the existence of a genetic form of this condition. Previous reports have emphasized possible environmental aetiologies. Infants with fetal brain disruption sequence should be investigated exhaustively and, in the absence of definitive evidence of an environmental cause, the possibility of a genetic aetiology should be considered. In some families the recurrence risk may be as high as one in four.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310050366
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Floating-Harbor syndrome: description of a further patient, review of the literature, and suggestion of autosomal dominant inheritance (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 154 (1995), S. 658-661 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Floating-Harbor ; syndrome ; Growth retardation ; Dysmorphology ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The Floating-Harbor syndrome is a growth retardation syndrome with delayed bone age, speech development, and typical facial features. The face is triangular with deep-set eyes, long eyelashes, bulbous nose, wide columella, short philtrum, and thin lips. We present an additional patient and review 16 cases from the literature. The possible phenotype in the patient's mother suggests a dominant mode of inheritance for the syndrome. Conclusion The Floating Harbor syndrome is a growth deficiency syndrome characterized by proportionate short stature, characteristic face and delayed speech development. Inheritance is possibly autosomal dominant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310050367
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic counselling on brittle grounds: recurring osteogenesis imperfecta due to parental mosaicism for a dominant mutation (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 154 (1995), S. 123-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Osteogenesis imperfecta ; Collagen I ; Mosaicism ; Genetics ; Recurrence risk
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), a dominantly inherited connective tissue disorder, is usually caused by defects in collagen I. There is growing evidence for parental mosaicism that results in affected children born to unaffected parents. This situation poses a difficult task for the geneticist because a mosaic parent may appear clinically healthy while carrying the mutation in a fraction of her or his gonadal cells. To illustrate this problem, we report a Swiss couple whose first child was affected with severe OI. The unexpected recurrence of the disorder in the second child raised the suspicion of a recessive trait or, rather, of parental mosaicism. We identified the responsible collagen mutation in the COL1A2 gene (Gly688Ser in the α2(I)-chain) in both children and demonstrated the father to be a somatic mosaic for this mutation and to have subtle clinical signs such as soft skin and short stature that may be a result of his mosaic state.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310050261
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fetal brain disruption sequence in sisters (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 154 (1995), S. 654-657 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Fetal development ; Brain diseases ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report two female siblings with the fetal brain disruption sequence. Extensive investigation of both children failed to define a definitive aetiology but clinical and laboratory findings are consistent with a hitherto unknown storage disease. We postulate that the accumulation of a neurotoxic metabolite may be responsible for the disease phenotype observed. This is the first report of recurrence of the fetal brain disruption sequence and supports the existence of a genetic form of this condition. Previous reports have emphasized possible environmental aetiologies. Infants with fetal brain disruption sequence should be investigated exhaustively and, in the absence of definitive evidence of an environmental cause, the possibility of a genetic aetiology should be considered. In some families the recurrence risk may be as high as one in four.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02079071
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Floating-Harbor syndrome: description of a further patient, review of the literature, and suggestion of autosomal dominant inheritance (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 154 (1995), S. 658-661 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Floating-Harbor syndrome ; Growth retardation ; Dysmorphology ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Abstract The Floating-Harbor syndrome is a growth retardation syndrome with delayed bone age, speech development, and typical facial features. The face is triangular with deep-set eyes, long eyelashes, bulbous nose, wide columella, short philtrum, and thin lips. We present an additional patient and review 16 cases from the literature. The possible phenotype in the patient's mother suggests a dominant mode of inheritance for the syndrome. Conclusion The Floating Harbor syndrome is a growth deficiency syndrome characterized by proportionate short stature, characteristic face and delayed speech development. Inheritance is possibly autosomal dominant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02079072
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetische Faktoren bei der Entstehung und Progression maligner Melanome (1995)
    Springer
    Der Hautarzt 46 (1995), S. 394-399 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1173
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Malignes Melanom ; Genetische Instabilität ; Genetik ; Syndrom der dysplastischen Nävi ; Xeroderma pigmentosum ; Key words Malignant melanoma ; Genetic instability ; Genetics ; Dysplastic nevus syndrome ; Xeroderma pigmentosum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Exposure of the skin to ultraviolet irradiation is an important risk factor for the development of malignant melanoma, with UVA possibly playing an important role. Hereditary factors are also relevant. In the dysplastic nevus syndrome a genetic instability has been shown by different methods. In xeroderma pigmentosum the DNA repair defect is thought to be responsible for the high incidence of malignant melanoma. Frequent and non-random changes in certain chromosomes have been demonstrated in melanoma cells. These might contain sequences that control melanoma growth or melanoma suppressor genes. Especially the short arm of chromosome 9 is thought to contain one of these genes. This hypothesis is supported by a genetic linkage analysis in melanoma families and the demonstration of a germ line deletion of the locus 9p21 in a patient with eight primary melanomas. Changes in known tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes have also been reported in melanoma, but no consistent sequence of genetic events is known.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Exposition der Haut mit ultravioletten Strahlen ist ein wichtiger Risikofaktor für die Entwicklung eines malignen Melanoms. Möglicherweise spielt hierbei UVA-A eine besondere Rolle. Daneben sind hereditäre Faktoren von Bedeutung. Während beim Syndrom der dysplastischen Nävi eine genetische Instabilität mit verschiedenen Methoden nachgewiesen wurde, wird bei Xeroderma pigmentosum der DNA-Reparaturdefekt für die hohe Melanominzidenz verantwortlich gemacht. In Melanomzellen sind überzufällig häufig karyotypische Veränderungen in bestimmten Chromosomen gefunden worden. Diese enthalten möglicherweise Melanomwachstumsregulierende Sequenzen oder Melanom-Suppressorgene. Insbesondere der kurze Arm des Chromosoms 9 steht in Verdacht, eines dieser Gene zu enthalten. Diese Hypothese wird auch unterstützt durch eine genetische Kopplungsanalyse an Melanomfamilien und dem Nachweis einer Keimbahndeletion des Lokus 9p21 bei einer Patientin mit 8 primären Melanomen. Veränderungen an bereits bekannten Tumorsuppressorgenen oder Onkogenen sind ebenfalls in Melanomen beschrieben worden, ohne daß jedoch eine konsistente Reihenfolge von genetischen Ereignissen bekannt wäre.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001050050272
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Allelic relationships between genes for resistance to tomato spotted wilt tospovirus in Capsicum chinense (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 90 (1995), S. 146-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Capsicum chinense ; Resistance gene ; Genetics ; Pepper ; Tomato spotted wilt virus ; Tospoviruses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) has been reported to be an important reservoir of resistance genes to tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). The genes for TSWV resistance present in three C. chinense lines (‘PI 152225’, ‘PI 159236’ and ‘Panca’) were investigated for allelism. All resistant lines were crossed with each other. Parents, F1, backcrosses and F2 populations (including reciprocals) developed from those crosses were mechanically inoculated with a highly virulent TSWV isolate. Susceptible C. annuum cv ‘Magda’ was used to check inoculum virulence. Fifty plants of the F1 hybrids; ‘Magda’ x ‘PI 152225’, ‘Magda’ x ‘PI 159236’, and ‘Magda’ x 'Panca, were also inoculated with the TSWV isolate. The resistance response in all C. chinense sources was associated with a localized, hypersensitive-like reaction that was phenotypically expressed as a prompt formation of large local lesions accompanied by premature leaf abscission. All F1 generations presented a final score of resistant; indicating that the expression of resistance to TSWV is conditioned by a dominant gene regardless of the source. The absence of segregation for resistance to TSWV that was observed in all generations of the crosses between C. chinense lines indicated that either a tightly linked group of genes exists or that the resistance is governed by the same single major gene (probably the already described Tsw gene). Previous reports have indicated that the Tsw gene is not effective against tospovirus members of serogroup II, i.e. tomato chlorotic spot virus (TCSV) and groundnut ring spot virus (GRSV). In the assay described here, all of the C. chinense lines showed, after mechanical inoculation, an identical susceptibility response to the TCSV and GRSV isolates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221009
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diallel analysis for mineral element absorption in tropical adapted soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 90 (1995), S. 707-713 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Mineral stress ; Nutrient efficiency ; Aluminium tolerance ; Inheritance ; Genetics ; Breeding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The Brazilian tropical adapted soybeans contains, in addition to superior morphological characters, genetic factors for tolerance to cultivation in acidic, mineral-stressed soils. However, the selection process for these hindrances has been empirical, and information on the genetics of mineral element uptake by the plant is necessary. The objective of this investigation was to identify the mode of inheritance for the absorption of phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, aluminium, manganese, zinc and copper in a 9 × 9 diallel cross. General combining ability (GCA) was higher than specific combining ability (SCA), with the exception of copper, manganese and zinc, indicating predominantly additive effects. The ratios of GCA/SCA varied between 3.4 (calcium) and 8.5 (magnesium). The regression of covariance (Wr) on variance (Vr) showed that the additive-dominance model explained the genetic differences in this germ plasm. However, the detection of overdominance could be related to possible heterozygosity in the parental varieties for mineral absorption. Broad-sense heritability values were higher than narrow sense heritability values for aluminium, iron, potassium, calcium and magnesium, being in the range of 67.9–86.9% and 42.0–56.6%, respectively. This is an indication that soybeans can be further improved to efficient utilisation of nutrients and to tolerate toxic factors in the soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222137
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Opioid operant self-administration, analgesia, stimulation and respiratory depression inμ-deficient mice (1995)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 117 (1995), S. 23-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Opioid ; Genetics ; Self-administration ; CXBK/ByJ ; Reinforcement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract It is commonly thought thatμ-receptors play an important role in the reinforcing effects of opioids. In the present study, inbred strains widely divergent in CNS opiate receptor densities were used to investigate the influence of genetic variation in receptor concentration on opioid-reinforced behavior. In particular, the CXBK/ByJ mice were used as an investigative tool because of their significantly lower number of CNSμ opioid receptors. The behavioral pharmacology of opioids in theμ-deficient CXBK/ByJ mice was compared to other commonly used inbred mouse strains, C57BL/6J and BALB/cJ, and the opiate receptor rich CXBH/ByJ mice. Operant opioid reinforced behavior, opioid-induced locomotor stimulation, analgesia and respiratory depression were investigated in all four inbred strains. To assess the acquisition and maintenance of opioid reinforced behavior, oral self-administration of the potent benzimidazole opioid, etonitazene, was determined using an operant fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement (FR 8). Acquisition of etonitazene-reinforced behavior was established in all four strains including theμ-deficient CXBK/ByJ mice. However, there were significant genetic differences in the amount of drug intake during the maintenance of opioid-reinforced behavior and extinction behavior following vehicle substitution. For example, drug intake was significantly greater in the BK versus BH mice during the maintenance phase and an extinction burst was seen in the BH but not the BK mice following vehicle substitution. Thus,μ-receptor density may not account for individual variability in the acquisition of opioid-reinforced behavior under these conditions. Sensitivity to etonitazene-induced respiratory depression, stimulation of locomotor activity and analgesia were unrelated to drug intake during self-administration sessions across these four inbred strains. These data indicate that inherited differences in CNSμ-opiate receptor concentrations do not affect acquisition of etonitazene-reinforced behavior.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02245094
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromosomal mapping of loci influencing sensitivity to cocaine-induced seizures in BXD recombinant inbred strains of mice (1995)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 117 (1995), S. 62-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Cocaine ; Quantitative trait loci ; Seizure ; Recombinant inbred strains ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Among inbred mice, genetic factors mediate differences in sensitivity to the convulsant properties of cocaine; however, the gene(s) underlying cocaine's effects have not been identified. To help elucidate the gene(s) responsible for cocaine seizure susceptibility, we used recombinant inbred-quantitative trait loci (RI-QTL) analyses to identify chromosomal loci associated with cocaine-induced seizures. RI-QTL analyses seek to identify associations between a quantitative measure of a particular phenotype and one or more previously mapped marker genes across a panel of RI strains. This report describes an RI-QTL analysis of cocaine seizure susceptibility among 26 BXD RI strains. These strains showed a skewed, bimodal range of seizure susceptibility which could be the result of one or more modifying genes acting in concert with a major gene to influence cocaine sensitivity. Correlating the percent seizures displayed by each strain following 60 mg/kg cocaine with chromosomal marker data for these strains revealed a number of significant correlations clustered in two regions on chromosomes 12 and 6. This is the first identification of putative chromosomal loci associated with a cocaine-related phenotype and should facilitate identification of the gene(s) underlying cocaine toxicity and other cocaine-related phenotypes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02245099
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sex segregation ratio and gender expression in the genus Actinidia (1995)
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 8 (1995), S. 129-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Keywords: Sex control ; Disomic segregation ; Dioecy Kiwifruit ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The sex segregation ratio was checked in bi-parental families of Actinidia deliciosa (2n=6x=174) obtained by crossing four females (A12, Mo3, Br4, Hw1) with two males (T2, M1) and one fruiting male (M3h, subandroecious) according to a factorial mating design. The M3h fruiting male was also selfed. The sex ratio was checked in maternal families of A. kolomikta (2n=2x) and A. chinensis (2n=2x) as well as in A. deliciosa. Seedlings of both diploid species took 3–4 years to progress beyond juvenility, whereas a noticeable number of seedlings from biparental crosses of A. deliciosa involving A12 and Hw1 as seed parents were still non-flowering after seven growing seasons. Open-pollinated families of both diploid and hexaploid species as well as most families from biparental crosses showed a sex segregation ratio approaching 1∶1. Subandroecious lines with different degrees of ovary and pistil development appeared in proportions of 0–4.2%, depending on the cross, but only 6 of the 2567 male vines checked were capable of setting fruit. No case of self-fertility or apomixis was detected among 1866 bagged female vines. Selfed M3h progenies gave only female and male phenotypes in a ratio of 1 female to 3 males. No off-type vines were found among these progenies. The same disomic sex segregation ratio seems to be operating at different ploidy levels in the genus Actinidia. Since selfed fruiting males produced both female and male individuals, the male sex appears to be the heterogametic one. Such evidence indicates that a monofactorial system based on one or more linked genes or on an X/Y chromosome set must be controlling sex expression. How a monofactorial sex-determining mechanism could operate in polyploids to give a 1∶1 female: male ratio is discussed. Minor modifying gene(s) seem to be responsible for the feminization of males, and their expression appears enhanced by environmental conditions. Masculinizing gene(s) seem to be lacking in female genotypes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00242255
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic mapping of adrenergic receptor genes in humans (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 73 (1995), S. 299-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Adrenergic receptors ; Human genetics ; Restriction fragment length polymorphism ; Chromosome mapping ; Linkage ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have genetically mapped the genes encoding four human adrenergic receptors (ARs) of subtypes α1C, α2A, α2B, and β1, which are prototypic G protein coupled receptors that mediate the physiological effects of neurotransmitters, hormones, and drugs. We placed these genes onto the Cooperative Human Linkage Center (CHLC) and Genethon framework maps, within confidence intervals with greater than 1000∶1 odds. With multipoint analysis the α1C gene (locus ADRA1C) mapped to the interval between NEFL and D8S283; α2-C4, the gene encoding the α2C AR (locus ADRA2C), mapped to the interval between D4S126 and D4S62; and the α2-C10 (α2A AR)/β1 haplotype (loci ADRA2A/ ADRB1) mapped to the interval between D10S259 and D10S187. A fifth AR gene, β2, yielded significant LOD scores with markers on the long arm of chromosome 5; however, this locus (ADRB2) could not be mapped to any specific interval with odds of greater than 1000∶1. The two AR genes that are completely linked, α2-C10 and β1, were oriented on their shared 225-kb genomic fragment relative to the direction of transcription, with β1 being 5′ to α2-C10. The positioning of these genes on high-density framework maps allows them to be tested as candidates in a spectrum of diseases that might involve AR dysfunction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00231616
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Insertion/deletion polymorphism in the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene associated with macroangiopathy and blood pressure in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 73 (1995), S. 307-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Atherosclerosis ; Hypertension ; Type 2 diabetes ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In the search for new risk factors for diabetic macroangiopathy the insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene was studied in 237 consecutive patients (125 men and 112 women) with non-insulin-dependent diabetes. The female population showed an excess of ischemic electro-cardiographic changes or definite myocardial infarctions in the patients homozygous for the deletion [D/D; odds ratio (OR) 2.8; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4–5.3] and in the insertion/deletion heterozygotes (I/D; OR 1.8; CI 1.1–3.1) compared with the patients homozygous for the insertion (I/I). In the total series coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and claudication were more often observed in the patients with I/D (OR 1.5; CI 1.0–2.2) or the D/D genotype patients (OR 1.7; CI 1.1–2.6) than in those with the genotype I/I. The systolic blood pressure was lower in patients with genotype I/I (138±19 mmHg) than in those with the genotype I/D (149±22 mmHg) or D/D (150±21 mmHg; P〈0.02). The prevalence of hypertension and the median urinary albumin excretion rate also tended to be lowest in the I/I genotype patients. Multiple logistic analysis revealed that in women the angiotensin-converting enzyme D/D genotype is independently associated with coronary heart disease. Our findings suggest that variation at the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene locus is one of the factors involved in the predisposition of diabetic patients to the development of arterial disease and hypertension.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00231617
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A genetic study of idiopathic focal dystonias (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 242 (1995), S. 508-511 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Dystonia ; Torticollis ; Blepharospasm ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The inheritance of focal dystonias was investigated in 43 families containing 43 index cases with torticollis (n = 21), blepharospasm (n = 18) and writer's cramp (n = 4). They generated a potential population of 235 first-degree relatives, and 168 out of 179 living first-degree relatives were examined. Ten relatives with dystonia were identified in ten families. Another two parents from two of the same group of ten families were affected according to the family history. The majority of the secondary cases (six patients, five siblings, and one child) were not aware of any dystonia. The tendency for affected relatives to have the same type of dystonia as index patients was observed only for torticollis. Overall, 23% of index patients had relatives with dystonia. Segregation analysis suggested the presence of an autosomal dominant gene or genes with reduced penetrante underlying focal dystonia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00867421
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of B-cell lines from SLE patients and their relatives (1995)
    Springer
    Rheumatology international 15 (1995), S. 89-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-160X
    Keywords: SLE Lupus ; BBV transformation ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Epstein-Barr-virus (EBV)-transformed lymphoblastoid B-cell lines were generated from peripheral blood lymphocytes of 55 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 44 healthy relatives. All donors have previously been extensively characterized with regard to clinical, serologic, and genetic parameters. Here, peripheral blood lymphocytes and lines were characterized for cell surface antigens. Furthermore, autoantibody production and proliferation rate of the cell lines were monitored. A significant difference between patients and relatives was the lower proliferation rate of EBV-transformed cell lines of the SLE patients. All SLE cell lines are available for interested researches and can be obtained from the European Cell Bank, Salisbury, UK.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00302123
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Industrial mycology and the new genetics (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 14 (1995), S. 355-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Transformation ; Fungi ; Yeast ; Genetics ; Biotechnology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The genetic investigation of fungi has been extended substantially by DNA-mediated transformation, providing a supplement to more conventional genetic approaches based upon sexual and parasexual processes. Initial transformation studies with the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae provided the model for transformation systems in other fungi with regard to methodology, vector construction and selection strategies. There are, however, certain differences betweenS. cerevisiae and filamentous fungi with regard to type of genomic insertion and the availability of shuttle vectors. Single-site linked insertions are common in yeast due to the high level of homology required for recombination between vectored and genomic sequences, whereas mycelial fungi often show a high frequency of heterologous and unlinked insertions, often in the form of random and multiple-site integrations. While extrachromosomally-maintained or replicative vectors are readily available for use with yeasts, such vectors have been difficult to construct for use with filamentous fungi. The development of vectors for replicative transformation with these fungi awaits further study. It is proposed that replicative vectors may be inherently less efficient for use with mycelial fungi relative to yeasts, since the mycelium, as an extended and semicontinuous network of cells, may delimit an adequate diffusion of the vector carrying the selectable gene, thus leading to a high frequency of abortive or unstable transformants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01569951
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    Electronic Resource
    Genetic research, adolescents, and informed consent (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical medicine and bioethics 16 (1995), S. 347-373 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1200
    Keywords: Genetics ; human research ; adolescence ; child ; informed consent ; decision making ; medical ethics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract The participation of adolescents in genetic research engenders unusual problems concerning the nature of their informed consent. In this study we analyze 70 consent documents collected from genetics investigators in the United States who conduct research with children and adolescents. We find that many consent documents do not reflect either the current or the developing ethical and legal standards for research with adolescents and that in many cases the documents are simply confusing or unclear. We make recommendations for change to reflect more adequately the changing perspective concerning the autonomous decision-making capacity of adolescents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00995481
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Have fishes had their chips? The dilemma of threatened fishes (1995)
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 43 (1995), S. 1-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Conservation ; Extinction ; Rarity ; Biodiversity ; Breeding guilds ; Endemism ; Speciation ; Habitat degradation ; Environmental management ; Invasive fishes ; Genetics ; Ecology ; Stenotopy ; Captive propagation ; Legislation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synopsis The conservation status and factors threatening fishes worldwide are reviewed in order to introduce a series of one-page articles on ‘Threatened fishes of the world’, and to encourage the incorporation of information on threatened fishes into international conservation programmes. Information on fish extinction and threat rates are compared with those of other animal groups, and the unique characteristics of fish conservation problems are highlighted. At present 979 species of fishes are listed as threatened in the IUCN Red List and at least 36 species and three subspecies are listed as recently extinct. It is argued that these figures are probably gross underestimates and that they may mislead conservation authorities and resource users about the seriousness of the situation. Freshwater fishes may be the most threatened group of vertebrates after the Amphibia. Urgent action is required to save many narrowly endemic, stenotopic species from extinction, especially in Africa, Asia and South America. The conservation of common species that drive essential ecological processes is also important. Anthropogenic pressures, especially habitat degradation, the introduction of invasive species and pollution, on inland and coastal waters are particularly severe and many major fish communities are threatened with elimination throughout the world. The conservation of marine fishes is complicated by the fact that it is difficult to ascertain their rarity. The importance of the retention of genetic variation is highlighted, and both orthodox and innovative conservation measures are encouraged. Further research on minimum viable populations, genetics, and the factors that cause fishes to become vulnerable to extinction, is urgently required.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00001812
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  • 22
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    Electronic Resource
    Domestication via hybridization of the wild tetraploid oats Avena magna and A. murphyi (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 91 (1995), S. 639-646 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Gene introgression ; Genetics ; Linkage ; Taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The wild tetraploid (2n=28) oat species Avena magna and A. murphyi have been domesticated by having been transferred from the common oat, A sativa (2n=42), the characteristics of non-shedding spikelets glabrous and yellow lemma, and reduced awn formation. Domestication has been achieved by crossing the common oat with either of the tetraploid species and then backcrossing the pentaploid hybrids with pollen of the tetraploid wild parent. Among the BC plants obtained only a few produced some seeds. Fertile tetraploids exhibiting the domesticated syndrome have been selected for in the F2 generation. Although morphologically they were almost indistinguishable from the common oat, they were tetraploids. Wild x domesticated A. magna hybrids were vigorous and fertile. They retained their spikelets at maturity, lemma color and pubescence were intermediate between the parental lines, and awns were formed only on the lower floret of the spikelet. Each of these characteristics segregated in a 3∶1 fashion, indicating single gene control, as in the common oat. These four characteristics formed a linkage group in one F2 family and two linkage groups in the other two families. The usefulness of the domesticated tetraploids for oat research and production has been discussed. Taxonomically, the domesticated tetraploids were ranked as subspecies: A. magna ssp. domestica, and A. murphyi ssp. rigida.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223291
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of the reference value for proficiency tests (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995), S. 197-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: proficiency test ; true value ; homogeneity robust statistic ; standard ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Profficiency tests raise two types of problems: (i) the homogeneity of a sample must be carefully checked before using it as a reference material; (ii) it is necessary to define a conventional reference value (RV) in order to rank participants. Since these topics are poorly addressed in the literature, a reference material was specially prepared in order to propose a procedure for verifying homogeneity and to establish whether the algorithms classically used to compute the conventional true value have an influence on the conclusion of the test.The homogeneity of the sample was not perfect and univariate and multivariate techniques were used to demonstrate some analytes can be suspected as heterogeneous. However, this was considered adequate for introducing the sample in a large proficiency test organized between four laboratory associations which regularly perform such tests. Altogether more than 3000 measurements were collected and eight algorithms were applied to compute the RV on 14 analytes. Thus is was possible to demonstrate that some of these algorithms are better adapted than others. It is also obvious that some analytes are better suited to proficiency testing.It can be concluded from this work that some effort towards standardization would be profitable to check homogeneity or to compute the RV, especially since the economic weight of proficiency testing is becoming even more important with the development of certification accreditation.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090306
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090601
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  • 25
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    Electronic Resource
    Robust non-linear regression analysis (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995), S. 451-457 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: non-linear regression ; optimization ; robust methods ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Several robust regression methods, including a new proposal, are described and their properties discussed. Resistance to various types of outliers and non-normality is demonstrated. The techniques are applied to non-linear regression models from chemical kinetics and calibration. Optimization of the types of objective functions encountered when applying robust regression is considered.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090603
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  • 26
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    Electronic Resource
    Incorporating auxiliary predictor variation in principal component regression models (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995), S. 471-481 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: batch prediction ; continuum regression ; multivariate calibration ; sequential prediction ; simultaneous prediction ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In analytical chemistry a single fitted calibration model is used repeatedly to predict the level of the analyte of interest for the specimens comprising the prediction set. Unlike the calibration (or training) set, which is often limited in size, the prediction set can be very large.In the case of multivariate calibration a number of methods such as PLS and PCR are commonly used to construct the calibration model. The set of instrumental measurements and the reference analyte level are available for each specimen in the calibration set. For specimens in the prediction set, only the instrumental measurements are available, since the problem is to predict the analyte level for these specimens. It is not widely recognized that predictions of the analyte levels for individual specimens can be improved by utilizing seemingly unrelated information from the instrumental measurements associated with the other members of the prediction set. In the case of PCR there exists a very straightforward procedure for doing this. A description of the various sources of prediction errors is provided to explain the ability of PCR to utilize this additional information. The use of PCR in this context is illustrated with both a synthetic and a real example.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090605
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  • 27
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    Electronic Resource
    Multivariate analysis in practice: A training package, K. Esbensen, S. Schonkopf and T. Midtgaard, CAMO AIS: Trondheim, 1994,361 pp. ISBN 82-993330-0-8, $295.00. The text is bundled with the training version of the Unscrambler® multivariate analysis software for MS-DOS. Available from CAMO AIS, Olav Tryggvasons Gate 24, N-7011 Trondheim, Norway (Telephone: (+47) 7351 4966 Fax: (+47) 7351 4257) or from CAMO USA, 435 Blake Street, Menlo Park, CA 94025, U.S.A. (TelephoneFax: (+1415) 324-4286, Internet: teledyn@netcom.com) (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995), S. 521-523 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090609
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  • 28
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    A correlation principal component regression analysis of NIR data (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995), S. 21-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Near-infrared absorbance ; Partial least squares ; Principal component regression ; Root-mean-square error of prediction ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The use of principal component regression (PCR) as a multivariate calibration method has been discussed by a number of authors. In most situations principal components are included in the regression model in sequence based on the variances of the components, and the principal components with small variances are rarely used in regression. As pointed out by some authors, a low variance for a component does not necessarily imply that the corresponding component is unimportant, especially when prediction is of primary interest. In this paper we investigate a different version of PCR, correlation principal component regression (CPCR). In CPCR the importance of principal components in terms of predicting the response variable is used as a basis for the inclusion of principal components in the regression model. Two typical examples arising from calibrating near-infrared (NIR) instruments are discussed for the comparison of the two different versions of PCR along with partial least squares (PLS), a commonly used regression approach in NIR analysis. In both examples the three methods show similar optimal prediction ability, but CPCR performs better than standard PCR and PLS in terms of the number of components needed to achieve the optimal prediction ability. Similar results are also seen in other NIR examples.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090104
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  • 29
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    Announcement (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995), S. i 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090108
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  • 30
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    Electronic Resource
    International chemometrics research meeting (ICRM) (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995), S. 137-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090205
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  • 31
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    Simple encoding of infrared spectra for pattern recognition. 1: Statistical examination of the effectiveness and information content by factor analysis (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995), S. 143-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: pattern recognition ; infrared spectra ; factor analysis ; maximum likelihood method ; entropy of information ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The spectral region from 700 to 3600 cm-1 is subdivided into several wave number intervals. The peaks in each interval are summarized by means of three encoding algorithms. Using a factor model of kcommon factors, the total extractable variacnce (com) of a given set of intervals is calculated and correlated with the redundancy of information in all these intervals. The value of com is verified by analysis of the factor loadings aik (factor pattern). Finally, the information content of some chosen sets of intervals coded by the three selected feature algorithms will be correlated to the probability of information flow through a serial-parallel network. The encoding using only wave numbers was found to be the most effective.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090303
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  • 32
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    Electronic Resource
    Diagnostics statistics in QSAR (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995), S. 211-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: diagnostics statistics ; QSAR ; MASCA ; principal component regression ; non-least squares regression ; types of multicollincarity ; flagged observations ; influential points ; high-leverage points ; outliers ; extra-carrier points ; random perturbation ; cluster correalation ; resampling ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The formal application of a Hansch analysis to a series of 3-quinuclidinyl benzylates (QNBs) led to a ‘statistically significant’ QSAR equation. In contrast, the application of the MASCA model has shown that the design matrix is unsuitable for each QSAR analysis: one sample member is an outlier but not a high-leverage or influential point; another one is an influential point, a high-leverage point and an extra-carrier point. The regressors of the design matrix are multicollinear without predictive model power. The result of such flagged observation and this type of multicollinearity is a multiple cluster correlation. The QNB series is a good example for ‘sampling artifacts’ where no practically important but artificial QSARs can be found.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090307
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    Electronic Resource
    Stone and jonathan versus mager debate (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995), S. 230-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090311
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    A review of robust process design approaches (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995), S. 239-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: industrial experimentation ; parameter design ; quality by design ; robust design ; Taguchi method ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The aim of this paper is to present a simple structured review of the different approaches to robust process design to clarify their similarities and dissimilarities. It is primarily written for practitioners who wish to understand and compare the main ideas of each approach and to apply them to their work. Two examples are used to illustrate the different approaches and their corresponding data analysis strategies: the first one is a constructed example on a pigment kneading process and the second one is real example dealing with the validation of an HPLC method. A comparison of the different approaches is provided and some practical recommendations are formulated.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090402
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  • 35
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    PLS shrinks (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995), S. 323-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: partial least squares ; biased regression ; ordinary least squares ; minimum length least squares ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An algebraic proof is given that in partial least squares (PLS) regression the Euclidean length of the estimator is shrunk in comparison with the ordinary least squares estimator or with PLS estimators based on a larger number of dimensions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090406
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  • 36
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090501
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  • 37
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    Electronic Resource
    A simple iteration algorithm for PLS regression (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995), S. 363-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: PLS regression ; orthogonal expansion ; optimization ; Lagrange multipliers ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A simple iteration algorithm that is faster and less memory-intensive than the NIPALS iteration algorithm for PLS regression is presented. The iteration algorithm is obtained by treating the orthogonal expansion or decomposition of a matrix X as an extremum problem subject to normalization and orthogonality constraint conditions and then solving the problem by use of the method of Lagrange multipliers. The main idea in this method is to find the transformation vector r. The latent variable t is expressed exactly as the linear combination of X-variables with the vector r so that the final regression coefficients can be conveniently provided. In the algorithm the recursion of the orthogonal projection is needed, which is derived by use of a matrix inverse formula. Algorithms are established from the equation for calculating the vector r that are suitable for dealing with three cases of large data sets. The first case is when the number of objects is very large, the number of variables is relatively small and the number of Y-variables is equal to or greater than the number of X-variables. The second case is when the number of objects is very large, the number of variables is relatively small and the number of X-variables is greater than the number of Y-variables. The last case is when the number of variables, either X- or Y-variables, or both, is very large and the number of objects is small.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090504
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  • 38
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    Algorithm for finding an interpretable simple neural network solution using PLS (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995), S. 423-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: PLS ; neural network ; training ; interpretable ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This communication describes the combination of a feedforward neural network (NN) with one hidden neuron and partial least squares (PLS) regression. Through training of the neural network with an algorithm that is a combination of a modified simplex, PLS and certain numerical restrictions, one gains an NN solution that has several feasible properties: (i) as in PLS the solution is qualitatively interpretable; (ii) it works faster than or comparably with ordinary training algorithms for neural networks; (iii) it contains the linear solution as a limiting case. Another very important aspect of this training algorithm is the fact that outlier detection as in ordinary PLS is possible through loadings, scores and residuals. The algorithm is used on a simple non-linear problem concerning fluorescence spectra of white sugar solutions.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090508
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  • 39
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    Conference announcement (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995), S. 439-439 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090512
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    A PLS kernel algorithm for data sets with many variables and few objects. Part II: Cross-validation, missing data and examples (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995), S. 459-470 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: PLS ; kernel algorithm ; multivariate calibration ; EM algorithm ; cross-validation ; missing data ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This is Part II of a series concerning the PLS kernel algorithm for data sets with many variables and few objects. Here the issues of cross-validation and missing data are investigated. Both partial and full crossvalidation are evaluated in terms of predictive residuals and speed and are illustrated on real examples. Two related approaches to the solution of the missing data problem are presented. One is a full EM algorithm and the second a reduced EM algorithm which applies when the number of missing values is small. The two examples are multivariate calibration data sets. The first set consists of UV-visible data measured on mixtures of four metal ions. The second example consists of FT-IR measurements on mixtures consisting of four different organic substances.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090604
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    Orthogonal canonical variates for discrimination and classification (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995), S. 509-520 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: canonical variates ; discriminant analysis ; partial least squares ; principal components ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new set of derived variables is proposed for exhibiting group separation in multivariate data on for preprocessing such data prior to discriminant analysis. The technique combines optimal features of canonical variate analysis and principal component analysis: the derived variables are linear combinations of the original variables that optimize the canonical variate criterion (ratio of between-group to within-group variance) but subject to the orthogonality constraints of principal components. In this formulation the canonical variates can be derived even when the within-group matrix is singular (i.e. when there are more variables than objects in the data matrix). A simple computational algorithm for extraction of these variables is proposed. The methods are illustrated on several data sets and compared with alternative techniques such as principal component analysis and partial least squares.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090608
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    Electronic Resource
    The Unscrambler®, Version 5.5. Multivariate analysis software for MS-DOS. Available from CAMO A/S, Olav Tryggvasons Gate 24, N-7011 Trondheim, Norway (Telephone: (+47) 7351 4966, Fax: (+47) 7351 4257) or from CAMO USA, 435 Blake Street, Menlo Park, CA 94025, U.S.A. (Telephone/Fax: (+1 415) 324-4286, Internet: teledyn@netcom.com). Single-copy price NOK 26 900 commercial, NOK 18 800 non-commercial, NOK 11 900 academic (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995), S. 527-529 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090612
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  • 43
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090301
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  • 44
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some theoretical results on second-order calibration methods for data with and without rank overlap (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995), S. 179-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: GRAM ; PARAFAC ; rank overlap ; second-order calibration ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: GRAM, a method for second-order calibration, has been introduced by Sanchez and Kowalski and later modified by Wilson, Sanchez and Kowalski. The methods are based on the claim that, in cases without measurement error they yield correct estimates for the concentration ratios and profiles of (rank-one) analytes present in sample and mixture. This claim has not been proven rigorously. In the present paper, rigorous proofs are given for situations where the claims are valid indeed. In addition, it is shown that PARAFAC, an alternative method for second-order calibration, can be used to obtain the same results. Next it is shown that the claims do not hold in cases with ‘rank overlap’ (partly overlapping profiles) and it is proven that a procedure by Wang et al. can still be used to assess some of the concentration ratios. A general framework is provided for a variety of second-order calibration problems and the extent to which quantitative and qualitative information can be expected is given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090305
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ‘Simple analysis’ versus ‘obscure phenomena’ (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995), S. 223-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090308
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  • 46
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    Electronic Resource
    Messy simulated annealing (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995), S. 309-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: simulated annealing ; messy genetic algorithms ; optimization of multimodal objective functions ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The method of simulated annealing is modified so that the concept of messy chromosomes is applied. Constituent genes of messy chromosomes are specified by their respective names (indices) and values (alleles) simultaneously. Unlike simple chromosomes (binary vectors), messy chromosomes may be either under- or overspecified with respect to the problem being solved. The messy simulated annealing algorithm is a very robust and efficient stochastic optimization method which is able to find correct minima of deceptive or highly multimodal objective functions. This is shown by way of a number of simulations.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090405
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  • 47
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    Electronic Resource
    Announcement (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995), S. ii 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090409
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  • 48
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    Electronic Resource
    Maximum sum of binary-coded residuals (MASBR) regression as a robust procedure for treatment of spectral data (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995), S. 373-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: robust regression ; outliers ; spectroscopy ; calibration ; MASBR (maximum sum of binary coded residuals) ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In this paper, a novel robust regression method, the maximum sum of binary coded residuals (MASBR), is proposed. Instead of the sum of squared residuals used in least squares regression as the minimization criterion, MASBR regression maximizes the sum of binary coded residuals. MASBR regression is designed for cases where the conventional robust regression methods with breakdown points less than 50% fail. To circumvent the problem of being trapped in local optima, a stepwise-varying acceptable error limit (SVAEL) algorithm is proposed. Both numerical simulation and treatment of real analytical data demonstrate the feasibility of MASBR regression in conjunction with the SVAEL algorithm.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090505
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    Electronic Resource
    Iteratively reweighted partial least squares: A performance analysis by monte carlo simulation (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995), S. 489-507 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: QSAR ; partial least squares ; robust regression ; CoMFA ; weighted regression ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A robust implementation of partial least squares (PLS) is developed in which the method of iteratively reweighted least squares is adapted for use with PLS. The result is a PLS algorithm which is robust to outliers and is easy to implement. Examples and case studies are presented, followed by two Monte Carlo studies designed to explore the behavior of the method.The paper begins with the motivation and intended applications for the procedure. A discussion is given of the method of interatively reweighted least squares (IRLS) for outlier detection. The procedure, given the name IRPLS, is then presented. Three case studies illustrate how the procedure works on various types of data and how it should be used. The first Monte Carlo study is designed to determine whether the IRPLS procedure correctly identifies multiple outliers in a wide variety of configurations. The second Monte Carlo study is designed to estimate the breakdown bound of the procedure.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090607
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  • 50
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    Selectivity, local rank, three-way data analysis and ambiguity in multivariate curve resolution (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995), S. 31-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Multivariate curve resolution ; Three-way data analysis ; Factor analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new multivariate curve resolution method is presented and tested with data of various levels of complexity. Rotational and intensity ambiguities and the effect of selectivity on resolution are the focus. Analysis of simulated data provides the general guidelines concerning the conditions for uniqueness of a solution for a given problem. Multivariate curve resolution is extended to the analysis of three-way data matrices. The particular case of three-way data where only one of the orders is common between slices is studied in some detail.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090105
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    Mathematical approximation of sigmoidal shape curves tested on sensitometric curves of photographic material (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995), S. 59-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Mathematical approximation ; Sigmoid curve ; Sensitometric curve ; Photographic material ; Non-linear regression ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This paper studies the application possibilities of various mathematical analytical functions to models of approximation of sigmoid sensitometric curves of photographic materials. The newly developed functions have been tested along with approximation functions taken from the literature: the former fulfil the statistical criteria of fitting the regression and experimental curve in the best way. The model functions can be used not only for objective determination of sensitometric quantities but also for determination of the general sensitivity (speed) of photographic materials.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090106
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    Masthead (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090201
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    Distance and class space in the UNEQ class-modeling technique (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995), S. 69-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: chemometrics ; pattern recognition ; class modeling ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Different estimators of the Mahalanobis distance (such as that based on the Defrise - Gussenhoven correction) are studied and compared with respect to the bias on the distance and the characteristics (sensitivity and specificity) of the class model.Results obtained using estimators with critical values from χ2-statistics are compared with those obtained using estimators with critical values from β-statistics (training set) and Hotelling statistics (evaluation set).Tables are reported for D-statistics (useful for simulating populations of two categories with selectable theoretical sensitivity and specificity) and for critical values of the Mahalanobis distance obtained from β-statistics.For objects of the training set the estimator of the Mahalanobis distance based on the estimate of the covariance matrix produces models with the optimum sensitivity. The same model has too low a sensitivity for objects of the model category in the evaluation set, but good specificity for objects of outer categories.The estimator with the Defrise-Gussenhoven correction produces enlarged models with too high a sensitivity for objects in the training set, good sensitivity for objects of the model category in the evaluation set and low specificity for objects of outer categories.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090202
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    In memoriams. Professor Odd Sergei Borgen (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995), S. 139-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090302
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  • 55
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    Pattern recognition analysis of near-infrared spectra by robust distance method (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995), S. 169-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: minimum volume ellipsoid (MVE) estimators ; robust distance method ; pattern recognition ; Hotelling's T2 statistics ; near-infrared spectra ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method for pattern recognition analysis of near-infrared spectra has been developed using robust distances determined by minimum volume ellipsoid (MVE) estimators of multivariate location and scatter. Classical methods such as the Mahalanobis distance method often fail in the presence of a moderate number of outliers in a training data set, while robust distance methods can tolerate a considerably larger proportion of outliers in a training data set Outliers can be detected by their relatively large robust distances and can be excluded from a training set without a priori knowledge of the nature of the data set. In this paper the properties of a robust distance method are examined using near-infrared spectra of sulfamethoxazole and mixtures with its major degradation products, sulfanilic acid and sulfanilamide. The robust distance method successfully detected unacceptable samples (71.4%-89.3% (α = 0.05) or 78.6%-92.9% (α = 0.10)) even when they were inadvertently included in the training data set.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090304
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    Data analyses or problem formulations? (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995), S. 226-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090309
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    Comment (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995), S. 229-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090310
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  • 58
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    Simulated-annealing-based optimization algorithms: Fundamentals and wavelength selection applications (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995), S. 283-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: simulated annealing ; threshold acceptance ; wavelength selection ; selectivity ; optimization ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Simulated annealing (SA) is a stochastic search method that has been applied to combinatorial search problems in chemometrics. Unlike strict iterative improvement methods, SA tolerates temporary moves to detrimental parameter configurations during an optimization. The method used by SA to decide whether or not to accept detrimental steps is a special case of a more general acceptance rule. The present work investigates the performance of various SA-type algorithms that differ only in the acceptance rule for detrimental steps when optimizing continuous or discrete problems. A method for step width modulation is introduced to overcome the poor ability of SA type algorithms to locate the exact extreme of a function. The studied search strategies are modified for the discrete problem of wavelength selection. In order to evaluate SA-type algorithms and their abilities to deal with the wavelength selection problem, two global measures of selectivity are used as criteria to determine the most suitable wavelength subset that maximizes selectivity for pure component ultraviolet-visible spectra.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090404
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    Conference announcement (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995), S. 329-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090408
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  • 60
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    Interactive variable selection (IVS) for PLS. Part II: Chemical applications (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995), S. 331-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: partial least squares (PLS) ; variable selection ; IVS-PLS ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: With the aim of developing PLS models with improved predictive properties, an interactive variable selection (IVS) approach for PLS regression was introduced in Part I of this series. IVS-PLS is based on a dimension-wise selective removal of single elements in the PLS weight vector w. IVS uses cross-validation (CV) as a guiding tool. The present paper illustrates the use of IVS-PLS on both simulated data and real examples from chemistry. In the first example, spectrophotometric data were simulated according to an experimental design. The objective was to see how IVS-PLS was influenced by different levels of noise in X and Y and by the number of predictor variables (K). The results of the modelling are shown as response surfaces. In addition, four real examples were modelled by the IVS-PLS technique. The real data sets were chosen to reflect different types of data from chemistry. For each example a comparison of ‘prediction error sum of squares’ (PRESS) between IVS-PLS and classical PLS is madeFor most of the examples containing many predictor variables IVS-PLS shows an improvement in predictive properties over classical PLS. Also, improvements for IVS-PLS2 (modelling of more than one y-variable) models were found. For data sets with a moderate number of variables the influence of the IVS method becomes less pronounced.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090502
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    An extended strategy for exploratory multivariate image analysis including noise considerations (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995), S. 389-409 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: multivariate image analysis ; principal component analysis ; exploratory data analysis ; projection in multivariate space ; graphical visualization ; noise ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Multivariate image analysis (MIA) is a powerful tool for many image segmentation and classification problems, but the interpretation and understanding of the original and resulting multidimensional (multivariate) data are not always easy. A strategy for MIA has been proposed which describes its usage on multivariate images for segmentation tasks. MIA starts with principal component analysis (PCA) and then continues with interactive analysis of the output from PCA. In this paper a number of extensions to MIA are proposed. The extensions are the suggestion to incorporate preprocessing of the multivariate image in MIA, the suggestion to use synthetic multivariate image models which create a clear-cut situation, and new visualization tools which improve the interactivity and understanding of the results. Extended MIA is applied on synthetic multivariate image data simulating a possible application with large noise, positron emission tomography (PET). As a result of the interactive analysis, suggestions for preprocessing emerge. The developed methodology for handling the noise is then applied on real PET image data with good results.
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090506
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    Pirouette, Version 1.22, available from Infometrix, Inc., 17270 Woodinville-Redmond Road NE, Suite 777, Woodinville, WA 98072, U.S.A. Telephone (+ 1 206) 402-1450, telefax (+ 1 206) 402-1040, Internet: infomtrx©halcyon.com. WWW: http://www.halcyon.com/infomtrx/. Prices: $4000 commercial, $2400 academic; volume discounts are available (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995), S. 435-438 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090511
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  • 63
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    Optimization in organic synthesis. Sequential response surface modelling for obtaining kinetic information. Part 2: An experimental study of the williamson ether synthesis (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995), S. 441-449 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: sequential response surface modelling ; Williamson ether synthesis ; SN2 ; optimization ; reaction kinetics ; reaction mechanism ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In this work the utility of a new method for determining kinetic parameters by sequential response surface modelling, previously described (Part 1), is shown by applying it to an experimental study of a reaction with known kinetics. The nucleophilic substitution reaction between ethoxide and benzyl chloride, the Williamson ether synthesis, was selected as a model reaction. This reaction is known to proceed with second-order kinetics. The method gives access to estimates of initial reaction rate which can be further used to obtain estimates of activation energy and reaction order of reactants. The results obtained are in good agreement with the estimated values of these parameters obtained with conventional kinetic experiments.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090602
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    On the structure of PLS in orthogonal designs (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995), S. 483-487 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: fractional factorial design ; multiresponse ; PLS ; PCA ; reduced-rank regression ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This paper presents an interpretation of PLS applied to orthogonal explanatory variables. In particular, it is shown that in fractional factorial multiresponse experiments PLS2 gives identical results to ordinary least squares applied to principal components of the response variables. The general relationship is that the reduced-rank regression algorithm which first projects Y onto the X-space and then truncates this matrix by principal component analysis before performing ordinary least squares estimation gives the same predictor as PLS2 and SIMPLS if all the non-zero eigenvalues of XTX are identical.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090606
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    Three-dimensional chemical similarity searching, Catherine Pepperrell, Research Studies Press, Taunton, 1994, ISBN 086380 145 5, Wiley, Chichester, 1994, 304 pp., price £57.50 (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995), S. 523-524 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090610
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    Multivariate Datenanalyse. Methodik und Anwendung in der Chemie und Verwandten Gebieten, R. Henrion and G. Henrion, Springer, Berlin, 1995, ISBN 3-540-58188-X, 261 pp., DM128.00 (excl. VAT) (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995), S. 524-525 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090611
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    Masthead (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090101
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    Editorial (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995), S. 1-2 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090102
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  • 69
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    Deconvolution algorithms for instrumental applications: A comparative study (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995), S. 3-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Deconvolution algorithms ; Instrumental analysis ; Spectrometry ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Deconvolution algorithms for measurand reconstruction are considered. Their metrological and numerical properties are briefly characterized. Six algorithms most frequently used for instrumental applications are selected for closer analysis. Their comparative study is based on the use of spectrometric-type synthetic data, calorimetric-type synthetic data and spectrometric real-world data. Conclusions concerning computational complexity and accuracy of the compared algorithms as well as their metrological applicability are drawn.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090103
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    FT-NIR Atlas, Michael Buback and Hans Peter Vogele, VCH, Weinheim, 1993, ISBN 3-527-28567-9, iv + 1067 pp., hardcover DM 880 (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995), S. 67-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090107
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  • 71
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    Application of procrustean methods to mid-and near-infrared spectral data (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995), S. 125-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Procrustean analysis ; FT-IR spectroscopy ; NIR spectroscopy ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Procrustean methods allow the fitting of a given matrix to another given matrix observed on the same objects. In the traditional approach orthogonal constraints are imposed upon the transformation matrix, whereas in the alternative approach Procrustean analysis may be performed without such constraints. The two methods (with and without constraints) were compared on data dealing with mid- and near-infrared spectra of oil. The aim was to reconstruct the mid-infrared spectral information using data from the near-infrared spectra. Unconstrained Procrustean analysis proved to be the more efficient for both the calibration and verification sets. Furthermore, the analysis of the transformation matrix between the two infrared ranges made it possible to indicate wavelengths and wave numbers corresponding to the same chemical groups.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090204
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    A combined theory for PCA and PLS (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995), S. 91-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: H-principle ; PCA ; PLS regression ; latent variable models ; quadratic models ; sensitivity analysis ; outlier tests ; prediction variances ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We present here an algorithmic approach to modelling data that includes principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS). In fact, the numerical algorithm presented can carry out PCA or PLS. The algorithm for linear analysis and extensions to non-linear analysis applies to both PCA and PLS. The algorithm allows for combination of PCA and PLS types of models and therefore extends modelling to new types of models that involve combination of regression models and ‘selection of variation’ models, which is the idea of PCA-type models. The fact that the algorithm carries out both PCA and PLS shows that PCA and PLS are based on the same theory. This theory is based on the H-principle of mathematical modelling. The algorithm allows tests for outliers, sensitivity analysis and tests of submodels. These aspects of the algorithm are treated in detail. We compute various measures of sizes, e.g. of components, of the covariance matrix, of its inverse, etc. that show how much the algorithm has selected at each step. The analysis is illustrated by data from practice.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090203
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  • 73
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    A rigorous QSAR analysis? (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995), S. 232-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090312
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  • 74
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    Masthead (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090401
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  • 75
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    Information theory in analytical chemistry, Karel Eckschlager and Klaus Danzer, Wiley Inter-science Series on Analytical Chemistry and Its Applications. Vol. 128, Wiley, New York, 1994, ISBN 0471-59507-1,275 pp., £54.00 (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995), S. 237-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090313
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  • 76
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    A second-order standard addition method with application to calibration of a kinetics-spectroscopic sensor for quantitation of trichloroethylene (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995), S. 263-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: multiway data ; standard addition method ; calibration ; matrix effects ; trilinear decomposition ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Presented here is an algorithm for analysis of second order data by the method of standard additions. The method of standard additions is applicable when matrix effects make traditional calibration unreliable. The algorithm employs a generalized eigenproblem to mathematically separate the instrument response of the analyte from the instrument response of any interfering species. A scheme for determining the eigenvectors (and hence the concentration estimate) that uniquely correspond to the analyte of interest is given. These eigenvectors can readily be distinguished from any eigenvector that corresponds to the spectrum of the interferents or both the interferents and analyte. The stability of the estimated analyte concentration is verified by Monte Carlo simulations. The algorithm is applied to the analysis of trichloroethylene in samples that have matrix effects caused by an interaction with chloroform.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090403
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  • 77
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    Principal Components D. Luc Massart and Paul J. Lewi, Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, ISBN 0-444-81622, $1000.00. (1994) (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995), S. 327-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090407
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  • 78
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    Univariate regression models with errors in both axes (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995), S. 343-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: straight line calibration ; errors in both axes ; uncertainties ; linear regression ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Calibration is a fundamental step in the calculation of the unknown concentration of analyte in most analytical methods. It is known that for certain methodologies, if only the errors in the independent variable are taken into account, there may be considerable errors in the estimation of the value of the regression coefficients, the derived statistical parameters and in some cases the sought for response and concentration values. This paper reviews the calibration methods including some references to procedures for the detection of outliers and robust regression when there are errors in both axes. The advantages and limitations of the different approaches are discussed and a comparative study is made of the approaches of several techniques for which computer programmes have been developed based on the algorithms put forward by the different authors. Finally, some trends of future development in this field are envisaged.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090503
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    Application of regression analysis for motor gasoline classification (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995), S. 411-422 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: gasoline ; classification ; multiple regression ; non-correlated variables ; accuracy of measurements ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A procedure for the classification of motor gasolines by their trend to carburettor icing has been proposed. For this goal a set of regression models was employed. Motor gasoline classification was carried out in terms of the isopropyl equivalent using seven physicochemical properties.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090507
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  • 80
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    The data analysis handbook, I. E. Frank and R. Todeschini, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1994, ISBN-444-81659-3,386 pp., Dfl325, US$185 (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995), S. 431-432 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090509
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  • 81
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    Intelligent software for chemical analysis lutgarde M. C. Buydens and Peter J. Schoenmakers (eds), Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1993, ISBN 0-444-89207-9, 366 pp., hardcover Df1350.00 (us$200.00) (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995), S. 432-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090510
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    Conference announcement (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995), S. 531-531 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090613
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  • 83
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    Masthead (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 18 (1995) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240180101
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  • 84
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    Volatile enrichment on automatic static headspace using a precolumn and stopping the carrier gas flow during injection (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 18 (1995), S. 5-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Static headspace ; Reconcentration ; Precolumn ; Carrier gas flow stop ; Volatile components ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The aim of this study was to develop a technique for performing automatic static headspace analysis of volatiles without a cryogenic device. Reconcentration of solutes was accomplished using a graphitized carbon coated precolumn between two splitting points and stopping carrier gas flow during injection. Chromatographic profiles of volatile compounds from ground coffee compared with split and splitless injections provide confirmation of the good sensitivity of the technique. The analysis of a standard mixture covering a wide range of volatility confirms that the described technique might be useful to achieve enrichement of low volatile headspace compounds, even if discrimination against the various components is present.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240180103
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  • 85
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    Large volume sample introduction using temperature programmable injectors: Implications of liner diameter (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 18 (1995), S. 19-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Large volume injection ; PTV injectors ; PTV splitless injection ; PTV solvent split injection ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Temperature programmable injectors with liner diameters ranging from 1 to 3.5 mm are evaluated and compared for solvent split injection of large volumes in capillary gas chromatography. The liner dimensions determine whether a large sample volume can be introduced rapidly or has to be introduced in a speed controlled manner. The effect of the injection technique used on the recovery of n-alkanes is evaluated. Furthermore the influence of the liner diameter on the occurrence of thermal degradation during splitless transfer to the analytical column is studied. Guidelines are given for the selection of the PTV liner internal diameter best suited for specific applications.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240180106
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  • 86
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    On-line capillary supercritical fluid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for the analysis of organometallic compounds (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 18 (1995), S. 33-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary supercritical fluid chromatography ; Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry ; On-line SFC-ICPMS ; Organometallic compounds ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Supercritical fluid chromatography with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometric detection is a new and useful technique for the analysis of organometallic compounds. An interface has been developed for coupling these techniques. The interface is compact, easy to assembel, and causes minimal disruption to either instrument. A series of organotin, organoarsenic, and organorion compounds has been used to evaluate the interface and ICPMS as a detector for SFC. The effect of analyte concentration and restrictor temperature on peak intensity has been investigated and the effect of the mobile phase on the plasma has also been studied to assess background interference from changes in the plasma.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240180108
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  • 87
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    Column liquid chromatography coupled on-line with mass spectrometry using post-column phosphate suppression (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 18 (1995), S. 45-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Column liquid chromatography ; On-line phosphate suppression ; On-line mass spectrometry ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The coupling of column liquid chromatography on-line with mass spectrometry using post-column phosphate suppression is described. A membrane suppressor is used to remove the non-volatile phosphate ions from the mobile phase after the chromatographic separation prior to introduction into the mass spectrometer. Using post-column phosphate suppression by a membrane device phosphate concentrations up to 10 mM phosphate, at a mobile phase flow rate of 0.1 ml/min, could be removed for more than 99% without any decay of the sensitivity of the MS detection.Using a new antidepressant tetracyclic basic compound, ORG 4428, and some structure related compounds as model compounds electron impact as well as chemical ionisation spectra of all compounds could be obtained. The set-up could be used for several weeks running, using a phosphate containing mobile phase, without any loss of performance.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240180110
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  • 88
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    Examples of liquid chromatographic resolution of π-acidic racemates on a π-acidic chiral stationary phase (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 18 (1995), S. 63-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid Chromatography ; Chiral stationary phase ; Chiral separations ; Separation of enantiomers ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240180114
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  • 89
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    Catalytic transformation of copaiba (Copaifera officinalis) oil over zeolite ZSM-5 (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 18 (1995), S. 54-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: High resolution capillary GC ; High resolution GC-MS ; Zeolite ZSM-5 ; Copaiba tree (Copaifera officinalis) ; Copaiba oil ; Fuel oil ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The oil extracted from the trunk of the copaiba tree (Copaifera officinalis) is composed of sesquiterpenes, C15H24, and a small amount (〉7 %) of sesquiterpenols, C15H26O; these were identified from their Kováts indices and mass spectra. The use of zeolites in the catalytic transformation of this renewable source of hydrocarbons is of interest in the search for new chemicals and ecologically clean fuels. Oil samples from copaiba trees growing in Colombia's Oriental Plains were circulated over zeolite ZSM-5 in a continuous flow fixed-bed micro reactor at 225, 265, and 325°C, for 1 h and subsequently analyzed by HRGC and GC-MS. Whereas only thirty four sesquiterpenes were identified in the original oil, over two hundred compounds were found in the product of the treatment of copaiba oil with zeolite ZSM-5. This complex mixture of sesquiterpenes, light aromatic compounds, and indene and naphthalene derivatives resulted from reactions such as isomerization, hydrogenation, cracking, and dehydrogenation with and without cracking. The amount of cracking products and aromatic compounds increased with reactor temperature but decreased with catalyst aging.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240180112
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    Determination of organophosphorus pesticides in whole/chocolate/skim-milk and infant formula using solid-phase extraction with capillary gas chromatography/flame photometric detection (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 18 (1995), S. 59-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography - flame photometrie detection, GC-FPD ; Solid-phase extraction ; Organophosphorus pesticide residues ; Milk ; Infant Formula ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Twenty nine organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) are identified on a DB-17 capillary column using gas chromatography-flame photometric detection (GC-FPD). An acetone-acetonitrile mixture is used to initially extract OPPs from milk and infant formula samples, followed by partition of the analytes into dichloromethane (DCM). Dichloromethane is removed on a rotary evaporator and the residue taken up in acetonitrile (ACN) for cleanup on a C-18 (octadecylsiloxane bonded silica) (SPE) cartridge. ACN eluate is evaporated under nitrogen and the residue taken up in acetone for GC-FPD determination.Initial studies showed mean recoveries for 28 of 29 OPPs in whole milk fortified at 0.10 ppm ranged between 69 and 99% with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 1.0-9.7%. Whole/chocolate/skim-milk and four infant formula products fortified at 0.02 ppm gave mean recoveries of 64-103% with RSDs between 1.9 and 20.9% for 24 of 29 OPPs. Excluding skim milk, recoveries for Dichlorvos, Methamidophos, Mevinphos E, and Acephate ranged between 47 and 89%. Sample extracts were extremely clean and posed no difficulty to the GC system. The procedure is faster and less costly than Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) procedures and allows for determination of a broad spectrum of OPPs.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240180113
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    Comparison of internal and external retention index standards in drug screening by gas chromatography (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 18 (1995), S. 66-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary GC ; Drug screening ; Retention index standards ; Internal standard ; External standard ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240180115
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    Troubleshooting in the separation sciences (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 18 (1995), S. 71-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240180117
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    Enantiomeric separation of β-amino alcohols with a primary or tertiary amine moiety by reversed phase liquid chromatography with a chiral mobile phase containing copper (II) and (R)-mandelic acid (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 18 (1995), S. 68-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Enantiomer separation ; Amino alcohol ; (R)-Mandelic acid ; Ligand exchange chromatography ; Chemiluminescence ; Ruthenium ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240180116
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    Career Connections (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 18 (1995), S. 71-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240180118
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    Chromatography Calendar (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 18 (1995), S. 72-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240180119
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    Masthead (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 18 (1995) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240180201
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Capillary GC on 50 micrometer I.D. Columns coated with thick films. Theory and selected practical results (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 18 (1995), S. 77-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary gas chromatography ; Film thickness ; Pressure drop ; Speed of analysis ; Applications ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The chromatographic performance of 50 μm internal diameter (i.d.) fused silica columns coated with up to 2 μm films of immobilized SE-54 (methyl phenyl (5%) silicone) is evaluated under gas chromatographic conditions. The influence of pressure drop on the plate height is discussed. In comparison to thick film 250-530 μm i.d. columns, much higher efficiencies and faster analyses are obtained. Practical examples, performed on a standard GC instrument, illustrate the features of thick film 50 μm i.d. columns.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240180202
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  • 98
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    Electronic Resource
    Trace analysis of airborne haloacetatesDedicated to Professor Dr. Gerhard Schomburg on the occasion of his 65th Birthday (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 18 (1995), S. 83-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of haloacetates ; Denuder sampling ; Trace analysis of air pollutants ; Carboxylic acid derivatives ; Pentafluorophenylethyl ester ; Secondary air pollutants ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Haloacetates in various environmental compartments can be determined by gas chromatography-negative-ion chemical-ionization mass spectrometry after derivatization with 1-pentafluorophenyl diazoethane. Detection limits in absolute amounts per injection are between 0.01 fg (chlorodifluoroacetate) and 80 fg (monofluoroacetate). Sampling of haloacetates in urban air was performed by means of cylindrical denuders coated with alkalized glycerol. The haloacetates detected are trifluoro-, monochloro-, dichloro-, trichloro-, monobromo-, and dibromoacetate. The concentrations in ambient air fluctuate strongly, e.g. between 20 and 3000 pg/m3 for TFA. Haloacetates are also found in river waters and tree foliage. A major problem is interference from contamination with trifluoro- and trichloroacetate.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240180203
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Capillary zone electrophoresis for polymide composition analysis (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 18 (1995), S. 115-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary zone electrophoresis ; Polyimide analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) was employed in polyimide composition analysis. Polymide was decomposed to its corresponding aromatic diamine and aromatic acid monomers by an alkali fusion reaction. Sample treatment is much simpler than published methods, and electropherograms show a good separation of decomposed products under the proper conditions.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240180210
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dendrimers as pseudo-stationary phases in elektrokinetic chromatography (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 18 (1995), S. 121-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Electrokinetic chromatography (EKC) ; Pseudo-stationary phase ; Micelles ; Dendrimers ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240180212
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