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  • 1995-1999  (695)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1975-1979
  • 1810-1819
  • 1996  (695)
  • Industrial Chemistry  (438)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (226)
  • Genetics
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  • 1995-1999  (695)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1975-1979
  • 1810-1819
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of oncogene mutation from neoplastic colonic cells exfoliated in feces (1996)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 39 (1996), S. 1238-1244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Colorectal neoplasms ; Genetics ; K-ras ; Gene mutations ; Early diagnosis ; Polymerase chain reaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Purpose: Best chances of a cure from colorectal cancer are obtained before metastatic spread. Lack of specific tests allowing early diagnosis of the tumor accounts for investigation of gene alterations involved in carcinogenesis by a noninvasive method. In the present study, K-ras codons 12 and 13 mutations were studied in neoplastic cells shed from the bowel into the stool and those contained in the tumor and normal mucosa. Moreover, healthy patients and a few others with precancerous conditions were examined. METHODS: Stool, tumor, and mucosa samples were taken from 25 patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma. Stool and mucosa samples were obtained from 11 healthy patients, and stool, pathologic bowel tissue, and normal mucosa samples were obtained from 3 patients with adenoma (1) or ulcerative colitis (2). Polymerase chain reaction amplification and restriction enzyme analysis were performed. RESULTS: K-ras codon 12 mutations were detected in both tumor and stool samples of 10 cancer patients, and no gene alterations were observed in 14 patients. In one patient with a tumor, a mutation was shown in only the tumor tissue. The agreement rate in tumor and stool analysis was 96 percent. A normal pattern of K-ras codons 12 and 13 was observed in the bowel mucosa. All stool and mucosa samples from healthy patients were not altered in K-ras.Agreement was registered between samples taken from patients with preneoplastic lesions. CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary findings show a high rate of accuracy in the investigation of K-ras alterations in the colorectal cells shed into the feces, suggesting that such an approach could be used to study other gene alterations and, prospectively, to identify early colorectal cancers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02055116
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of the BCL-2 gene locus as a susceptibility locus linked to the clinical expression of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (1996)
    Springer
    Rheumatology international 16 (1996), S. 121-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-160X
    Keywords: SLE ; Apoptosis ; bcl-2 gene ; Susceptibility ; Linkage ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterised by the production of a large number of autoantibodies. It has been postulated that this may be the result of prolonged longevity of auto-reactive B cells due to defective regulation of programmed cell death (apoptosis). The proto-oncogenebcl-2 is involved in the control of apoptosis in immunocompetent cells, and its over-expression is noted in T and B cells from SLE patients. This study examined the genetic linkage between thebcl-2 gene locus and SLE susceptibility using the affected sib-pair method in SLE families. Seventeen caucasian multiplex families were evaluated. A polymorphic microsatellite marker closely linked to thebcl-2 gene on 18g21.3 was used to determine thebcl-2 genotype. We demonstrated that haplotype sharing among the affected sibling pairs was not statistically different from random (P〉0.5). This suggests that thebcl-2 gene locus does not confer a genetic susceptibility to SLE expression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01409984
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Do animal models have a place in the genetic analysis of quantitative human behavioural traits? (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 74 (1996), S. 515-521 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Emotionality ; Behaviour ; Genetics ; Animal models ; QTL analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract It seems that the genetic basis of common psychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia and manic-depressive psychosis is amenable to the genetic mapping strategies that have been successful in other complex disorders such as diabetes. The next challenge is the genetic dissection of quantitative behavioural traits such as mood, personality and intelligence. Quantitative traits pose new problems for gene cloning experiments. We argue that one way forward is by using animal models. One of the features of quantitative traits is that the DNA sequence variants which are responsible for them are unlikely to be immediately recognizable. In contrast to many qualitative traits where a discrete phenotypic difference is often the consequence of an inactivating mutation, the allelic variation responsible for quantitative traits probably has a more subtle basis. This distinction means that strategies to clone the genetic basis of quantitative behavioural traits will have to rely on functional assays of alleles thought to be important in determining the phenotype. We suggest that an efficient strategy for detecting sequences that give rise to quantitative behavioural traits can be devised in the mouse. The importance and utility of the mouse for quantitative trait analysis make it worthwhile to investigate mouse models of human behaviour; these advantages outweigh the difficulties that arise in attempts to validate the animal models. As an example we review the evidence that validates rodent emotionality as an animal model for susceptibility to human anxiety. We show that there is good evidence that rodent emotionality is a central nervous system state with a genetic basis, and that there are neuropharmacological and neuroanatomical parallels with human anxiety. Furthermore, our own work has shown that the genetic basis of the trait is relatively simple, and that the task of characterizing it at a molecular level is feasible. We expect that future experiments will show us how genetic variation gives rise to quantitative behavioural traits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00204977
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Do animal models have a place in the genetic analysis of quantitative human behavioural traits? (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 74 (1996), S. 515-521 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Key words Emotionality ; Behaviour ; Genetics ; Animal models ; QTL analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  It seems that the genetic basis of common psychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia and manic-depressive psychosis is amenable to the genetic mapping strategies that have been successful in other complex disorders such as diabetes. The next challenge is the genetic dissection of quantitative behavioural traits such as mood, personality and intelligence. Quantitative traits pose new problems for gene cloning experiments. We argue that one way forward is by using animal models. One of the features of quantitative traits is that the DNA sequence variants which are responsible for them are unlikely to be immediately recognizable. In contrast to many qualitative traits where a discrete phenotypic difference is often the consequence of an inactivating mutation, the allelic variation responsible for quantitative traits probably has a more subtle basis. This distinction means that strategies to clone the genetic basis of quantitative behavioural traits will have to rely on functional assays of alleles thought to be important in determining the phenotype. We suggest that an efficient strategy for detecting sequences that give rise to quantitative behavioural traits can be devised in the mouse. The importance and utility of the mouse for quantitative trait analysis make it worthwhile to investigate mouse models of human behaviour; these advantages outweigh the difficulties that arise in attempts to validate the animal models. As an example we review the evidence that validates rodent emotionality as an animal model for susceptibility to human anxiety. We show that there is good evidence that rodent emotionality is a central nervous system state with a genetic basis, and that there are neuropharmacological and neuroanatomical parallels with human anxiety. Furthermore, our own work has shown that the genetic basis of the trait is relatively simple, and that the task of characterizing it at a molecular level is feasible. We expect that future experiments will show us how genetic variation gives rise to quantitative behavioural traits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001090050054
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Genetik der Migräne (1996)
    Springer
    Der Nervenarzt 67 (1996), S. 837-845 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Migräne ; Genetik ; Familiäre Hemiplegische Migräne ; Linkageanalyse ; Zwillingsstudien ; Assoziationsstudien ; Key words Migraine ; Familial Hemiplegic Migraine ; Genetics ; Linkage analysis ; Twin studies ; Association studies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Several historical reports focusing on the heredity of migraine, as well as recent studies on its epidemiology and molecular biology, have revealed evidence for a decisive role of genetic factors in the aetiopathogenesis of familial migraine. Indeed, family studies, segregation analyses and twin studies have shown that genetic factors play an important role in disposition towards migraine but could not explain the entire aetiopathogenesis. The influence of extragenetic factors, however, remains mostly unknown. Recent linkage analyses have provided evidence for genetic heterogeneity. A locus for Familial Hemiplegic Migraine (FHM), the only known type of migraine that follows autosomal-dominant transmission, has been linked to chromosome 19p13 but genetic heterogeneity has also been shown, i. e. different types of migraine could be excluded from this locus. Further investigations should concentrate on identifying the FHM gene on chromosome 19p13, on linkage analyses with markers for different susceptibility genes, and on genomic analyses of highly informative pedigrees. This would lead to further clues to the pathogenesis underlying migraine and, thus, to therapeutic developments.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Nachdem bereits in historischen Beschreibungen eine genetische Verursachung der Migräne vermutet worden war, haben epidemiologische und molekularbiologische Forschungen in den letzten Jahren differenzierte Ergebnisse über genetische Faktoren in der Ätiopathogenese der familiären Migräne geliefert. Aufgrund von Familien- und Segregationsanalysen und von Zwillingsstudien wird dargestellt, daß genetische Faktoren mit größter Wahrscheinlichkeit eine Rolle in der Pathogenese der typischen Migräne spielen. Inwieweit extragenetische Faktoren auf die Ätiopathogenese der Migräne Einfluß nehmen, ist weitgehend offen. Linkageanalysen haben in jüngster Zeit gezeigt, daß möglicherweise mehrere verschiedene Gene für diese Erkrankung verantwortlich sind. Für die Familiäre Hemiplegische Migräne (FHM), der einzigen Migräneform, für die ein autosomal-dominanter Erbgang nachgewiesen ist, konnte ein Genlocus auf Chromosom 19p13 gefunden werden, gleichzeitig wurde aber auch genetische Heterogenität nachgewiesen. Verschiedene andere Formen der Migräne zeigten keine Linkage zu diesem Locus. Weitere Forschungen sollten neben der Identifizierung des FHM-Gens auch Linkageanalysen für Kandidatengene und Genomanalysen an großen informativen Familien zum Ziel haben. Letztlich werden die Ergebnisse genaueren Einblick in die Pathophysiologie der Migräne liefern und damit therapeutisch relevant sein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001150050061
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The genetics of proximal femur geometry, distribution of bone mass and bone mineral density (1996)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 6 (1996), S. 178-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Bone density ; Femor geometry ; Genetics ; Twins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To estimate genetic effects on femoral neck geometry and the distribution of bone mineral within the proximal femur a cross-sectional twin analysis was carried out at a university hospital that compared correlations in these traits in pairs of mono- and dizygo-tic female twins. Monozygotic (MZ, n=51 pairs, age 49.1±9.3 years) and dizygotic (DZ, n=26 pairs, age 45.7±11.3 years) twins were randomly selected from a larger sample of twins previously studied. Measurements of bone mineral density (BMD), femoral neck angles and length, cross-sectional area and moment of interia, the center of mass of the narrowest cross-section of the femoral neck, and BMDs of regions within the femoral neck were made. A summary index of the resistance of the femoral neck to forces experienced in a fall with impact on the greater trochanter (Fall Index, FI) was calculated. MZ pair intraclass correlations (rMZ) were significantly (p〈0.05) different from zero for all bone mass and femoral geometry variables (0.35〈rMZ〈0.82). DZ pair correlations (rDZ) were lower thanrMZ for all variables (0.04〈rDZ〈0.52) except femoral neck length (rDZ=0.38, rMZ=0.36). After adjustment for BMD of the femoral neck,rMZ was significantly greater thanrDZ, yielding high heritability estimates for regional BMDs (0.72〈H 2〈0.78), the center of mass of the femoral neck (H 2=0.70, −0.04 to 1.43 95% CI) and the resistance of the femoral neck to forces experienced in a fall (FI,H 2=0.94, 0.06 to 1.85 95% CI), but not for femoral neck length. Adjustments for age did not alter these findings. It is concluded that there are significant familial influences on the distribution of femoral bone mass and on the calculated structural strength of the proximal femur, but not on femoral neck length. If the assumptions of the twin model are correct, this is evidence for genetic factors influencing these traits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01623944
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential genetic etiology of reading disability as a function of mathematics performance (1996)
    Springer
    Reading and writing 8 (1996), S. 295-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0905
    Keywords: Differential diagnosis ; Etiology ; Genetics ; Mathematics performance ; Reading disability ; Twins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Education
    Notes: Abstract In order to assess the etiology of reading disability as a function of mathematics performance, data from 168 monozygotic (MZ) and 127 same-sex dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs in which at least one member of each pair was reading-disabled were subjected to quantitative genetic analyses. MZ and DZ concordance rates for reading disability were computed for different levels of mathematics performance, and reading performance data were fitted to an extension of the basic multiple regression model for the analysis of selected twin data. Results of these analyses suggest that genetic factors may be especially salient as a cause of reading disability in children with borderline deficits in mathematics performance: thus, mathematics performance may be a valid dimension for diagnosing subtypes of reading disability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00395110
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Early-onset dementias: clinical, neuropathological and genetic characteristics (1996)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 91 (1996), S. 451-465 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Alzheimer’s disease ; Clinicopathological ; correlations ; Early-onset dementia ; Genetics ; Pick’s ; disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050452
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Maternally inherited diabetes and deafness: a new diabetes subtype (1996)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 39 (1996), S. 375-382 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Genetics ; maternally inherited diabetes and deafness ; NIDDM ; IDDM ; mitochondria ; MELAS syndrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Diabetes mellitus is a common disease with many forms of clinical expression. In addition, the development of diabetic complications is not only dependent on glycaemic control but also on individual factors which may be related to genetic heterogeneity. At present, multiple genetic factors are being recognized as contributing to the development of diabetes or possibly modulating its clinical expression. The purpose of this review is to give an overview of our current knowledge on a subtype of diabetes which is apparently caused by a single mutation in the mitochondrial DNA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400668
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Geographic variation in seed dormancy among populations of Echinochloa crus-galli (1996)
    Springer
    Oecologia 108 (1996), S. 419-423 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Barnyard grass ; Seed dormancy ; Geographic variation ; Genetics ; Ecophysiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In 1991–1993, we investigated the incidence of seed dormancy in 25 local populations of barnyard grass, Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P.Beauv., in the western Czech Republic. The percentage of germination after 4 months afterripening of dry seeds at 25°C varied between 0.0 and 83.6%. Although there were significant annual differences in the percentage of germination at some localities, typical proportions of dormant seeds persisted over 3 years at field sites where the seed bank was not disturbed. One-way ANOVA (using data from 14 cultivated or abandoned fields) revealed that 73.0% of variance in seed dormancy incidence could be attributed to the effect of locality (P〈0.001). Incidence of dormancy was not correlated with mother plant stature (dry above-ground biomass, number of tillers, maximal stem height) nor seed mass. There was a significant correlation (r 2=0.403, P〈0.005) between dormancy incidence at natural localities in 1991 and in F1 offspring sown at experimental grounds at Praha-Ruzyně in 1992. The results indicate that heredity is important in maintaining local variation in seed dormancy, probably favoured by the self-pollinating reproduction of barnyard grass.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00333716
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The clinical and genetic correlates of MRI findings in myotonic dystrophy (1996)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 38 (1996), S. 629-635 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Myotonic dystrophy ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Brain ; Muscles ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Amplification of an unstable CTG trinucleotide repeat sequence in a protein kinase gene on chromosome 19 has recently been recognised as the molecular basis of myotonic dystrophy (DM), a multisystem disorder with a wide spectrum of muscular and extramuscular manifestations. The CTG expansion of 40 patients was assessed by direct genotype analysis of the white blood cell DNA and correlated with MRI of the brain and muscles, and with functional clinical data. Cerebral pathology on MRI consisted of diffuse atrophy (68 %), subcortical white matter lesions (65 %), wide Virchow-Robin spaces (38 %) and thickening of the skull (35 %). Cerebral atrophy and extent of white matter disease correlated significantly with mental retardation, duration of disease and CTG fragment amplification. MRI of the muscular system showed fatty degeneration of different degrees in neighbouring muscles causing a mosaic pattern of the thigh in 38 % and the calf in 44 %. Muscular changes on MRI were strongly correlated with muscular impairment but less strongly with CTG expansion. Changes on MRI reflect the stage of development of tissue pathology in DM, modified by defect of the DM gene. Pathology on MRI is strongly correlated with functional deficits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050322
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Familial Mediterranean fever in Arab children: the high prevalence and gene frequency (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 155 (1996), S. 540-544 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Amyloidosis ; Arab ; children ; Familial Mediterranean ; fever ; Genetics ; Recurrent ; abdominal pain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Over a period of 3 years, 192 children with familial Mediterranean fever were prospectively studied. Of these, 106 (55%) were girls and 86 (45%) were boys. The prevalence was 1 : 2600 children with a gene frequency of 1 : 50. The age at onset ranged between 4 months and 16 years. Of these patients 24% started their illness below the age of 2 years and 88% were symptomatic before the age of 10 years; 82% had recurrent abdominal pain, 43% had pleurisy, 37% had arthritis, 15% had cutaneous manifestations, 12% had splenomegaly and 4% had hepatomegaly. The presenting symptoms were abdominal pain in 51%, unilateral chest pain in 23% and arthritis in 26%. The family history was positive in 62%. Of 12 affected families 19 members had/have renal failure and amyloidosis was confirmed in 7 patients. Conclusion Our data show a high prevalence of familial Mediterranean fever and a high gene frequency in Arab children similar to that reported in Jews and Armenians.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01957901
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Familial Mediterranean fever in Arab children: The high prevalence and gene frequency (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 155 (1996), S. 540-544 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Amyloidosis ; Arab children ; Familial Mediterranean fever ; Genetics ; Recurrent abdominal pain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Over a period of 3 years, 192 children with familial Mediterranean fever were prospectively studied. Of these, 106 (55%) were girls and 86 (45%) were boys. The prevalence was 1∶2600 children with a gene frequency of 1∶50. The age at onset ranged between 4 months and 16 years. Of these patients 24% started their illness below the age of 2 years and 88% were symptomatic before the age of 10 years: 82% had recurrent abdominal pain, 43% had pleurisy, 37% had arthritis, 15% had cutaneous manifestations, 12% had splenomegaly and 4% had hepatomegaly. The presenting symptoms were abdominal pain in 51%, unilateral chest pain in 23% and arthritis in 26%. The family history was positive in 62%. Of 12 affected families 19 members had/have renal failure and amyloidosis was confirmed in 7 patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01957901
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inbred mouse strains vary in oral self-selection of nicotine (1996)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 124 (1996), S. 332-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Nicotine ; Genetics ; Self-administration ; Reinforcement ; Seizures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Inbred mouse strains differ in sensitivity to a first dose of nicotine and in the development of tolerance to nicotine. The experiments reported here used six inbred mouse strains (A, BUB, C3H, C57BL/6, DBA/2, ST/b) that differ in sensitivity to an acute challenge dose of nicotine to determine whether differences in oral self-selection of nicotine exist. Animals were presented with solutions containing nicotine or vehicle (water or 0.2% saccharin) and their daily intake of the two fluids was measured for 4 days starting with a 10 µg/ml nicotine solution. This was followed by sequential 4-day testing with 20, 35, 50, 65, 80, 100, 125, 160, and 200 µg/ml nicotine solutions. The strains differed dramatically in their self-selection of nicotine and in maximal daily dose (mg/kg); the rank order of the strains was C57BL/6〉DBA〉BUB〉A≥C3H≥ST/b for both the tap water and 0.2% saccharin choice experiments. Correlations between nicotine consumption and sensitivity to nicotine, as measured by a battery of behavioral and physiological responses, were also calculated. Strain differences in nicotine intake were highly correlated with senstivity to nicotine-induced seizures. As senstivity to nicotine-in-duced seizures increases, oral self-selection of nicotine decreases. This finding may suggest that this toxic action of nicotine serves to limit intake.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02247438
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eye tracking dysfunction in families with multiple cases of schizophrenia (1996)
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 246 (1996), S. 175-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Schizophrenia ; Genetics ; Liability ; Vulnerability ; Eye-tracking dysfunction ; Eye movements ; Smooth-pursuit eye movements
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract There is increasing evidence that the genetic predisposition for schizophrenia in families affects more individuals than those fulfilling the criteria for schizophrenia. This finding is supposed to be one of the major problems in molecular genetic schizophrenia research, especially when linkage studies are employed. Eye-tracking dysfunction (ETD), which is conceived as a possible phenotypic marker for genetic liability to schizophrenia, may offer considerable advantages. However, there is only little information from families with multiple occurrence of schizophrenia. It is still unclear whether in these families ETD aggregates with diagnoses from the schizophrenia spectrum. This first report from an ongoing study presents the results of 48 individuals from 6 multiplex families. Smooth-pursuit eye movements were recorded by infrared reflectometry and assessed by quantitative measurement techniques. Along with the high degree of psychiatric morbidity in these families, in 56.3% of the individuals ETD was assessed. Reduced mean pursuit gain was present in 39.6%. The distribution of eye-tracking dysfunction resembles the distribution of schizophrenia-related psychiatry morbidity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02188950
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pathophysiology of non-insulin-dependent diabetes and the search for candidate genes: dangerous liaisons? (1996)
    Springer
    Acta diabetologica 33 (1996), S. 257-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Keywords: Key words NIDDM ; Candidate genes ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00571560
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pathophysiology of non-insulin-dependent diabetes and the search for candidate genes: dangerous liaisons? (1996)
    Springer
    Acta diabetologica 33 (1996), S. 257-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Keywords: NIDDM ; Candidate genes ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00571560
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The genetics of adult-plant blackleg (Leptosphaeria maculans) resistance from Brassica juncea in B. napus (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 382-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Genetics ; Blacking resistance ; Brassica napus ; Brassica juncea ; Leptosphaeria maculans
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The genetic control of adult-plant blackleg (Leptosphaeria maculans) resistance in a Brassica napus line (579NO48-109-DG-1589), designated “R13” possessing Brassica juncea-like resistance (JR), was elucidated by the analysis of segregation ratios in F2 and F3 populations from a cross between “R13” and the highly blackleg-susceptible B. napus cultivar “Tower”. The F2 segregration ratios were bimodal, demonstrating that blackleg resistance in “R13” was controlled by major genes. Analysis of the segregation ratios for 13 F3 families indicated that blackleg resistance in these families was controlled by three nuclear genes, which exhibited a complex interaction. Randomly sampled plants of F3 progeny all had the normal diploid somatic chromosome number for B. napus. The similarities between the action of the three genes found in this study with those controlling blackleg resistance in B. juncea is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223683
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative mapping in F2∶3 and F6∶7 generations of quantitative trait loci for grain yield and yield components in maize (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 817-826 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Zea mays ; RFLPs ; Plant breeding ; Genetics ; Recombination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract This study was conducted to compare maize quantitative trait loci (QTL) detection for grain yield and yield components in F2∶3 and F6∶7 recombinant inbred (RI) lines from the same population. One hundred and eighty-six F6∶7 RIs from a Mo17×H99 population were grown in a replicated field experiment and analyzed at 101 loci detected by restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). Single-factor analysis of variance was conducted for each locus-trait combination to identify QTL. For grain yield, 6 QTL were detected accounting for 22% of the phenotypic variation. A total of 63 QTL were identified for the seven grain yield components with alleles from both parents contributing to increased trait values. Several genetic regions were associated with more than one trait, indicating possible linked and/or pleiotropic effects. In a comparison with 150 F2∶3 lines from the same population, the same genetic regions and parental effects were detected across generations despite being evaluated under diverse environmental conditions. Some of the QTL detected in the F2∶3 seem to be dissected into multiple, linked QTL in the F6∶7 generation, indicating better genetic resolution for QTL detection with RIs. Also, genetic effects at QTL are smaller in the F6∶7 generation for all traits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221893
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The genetics of blackleg [Leptosphaeria maculans (Desm.) Ces, et De Not.] resistance in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 93 (1996), S. 932-940 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Genetics ; Adult-plant ; Blackleg resistance ; Brassica napus ; Leptosphaeria maculans ; Australian cultivar
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The genetic control of adult-plant blackleg [Leptosphaeria maculans (Desm.) Ces. et De Not.] resistance in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) was studied in the F2 and first-backcross populations of the cross “Maluka” (blackleg-resistant) x “Niklas” (highly susceptible). A L. maculans isolate possessing high levels of host specificity (MB2) was used in all inoculations. Resistance/susceptibility was evaluated using three separate measures of crown-canker size, i.e. the percentage of crown girdled (%G), external lesion length (E) and internal lesion area (%II). Disease severity scores for the F2 and first-backcross populations based on E and %II gave discontinuous distributions, indicating major-gene control for these measures of resistance; but those for %G were continuous, indicating quantitative genetic control for this measure. Chi-square tests performed on the (poorly-defined) resistance classes, based on E, in the F2 and first-backcross populations indicated the likelihood for resistance being governed by a single, incompletely dominant major gene. Although the distributions of the F2 and first-backcross populations, based on%II, were clearly discontinuous, the observed segregation ratios for resistance and susceptibility did not fit any of the numerous Mendelian ratios which were considered. Differences in inheritance of resistance according to the assessment method and blackleg isolate used, were discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224096
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetics of virulence in Leptosphaeria maculans (Desm.) Ces. et De Not., the cause of blackleg in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 93 (1996), S. 301-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Leptosphaeria maculans ; Brassica napus ; Blackleg ; Genetics ; Virulence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The genetic basis of virulence of 24 isolates of L. maculans collected from various sites throughout south-eastern and south-western Australia were studied using five clone-lines of B. napus. The experimental design allowed the estimation of the environmental and genetic components of variance using a standard analysis of variance. Virulence of these isolates (as measured by the percentage of stem girdling, %G) on the clonelines NCII and Tap was found to be most likely controlled by a small number of genes; the broad-sense heritabilities were 79.7% and 67.5% for virulence on NCII and Tap, respectively. The significance of these results in relation to the potential of L. maculans in adapting to new resistant B. napus cultivars is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223169
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diallel analysis for aluminium tolerance in tropical soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 267-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Cerrado ; Savannah ; Acid soils ; Hydroponics ; Nutrient ; Variety ; Genetics ; Inheritance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The soybean is a major crop in the agricultural systems of the Brazilian Cerrados (Savannahs), whose soils are acidic, devoid of nutrients and need to be amended before they are cultivated. However, below the ploughed layer there is a scarcity of nutrients and toxic aluminium (Al). These limit root growth, subsequently causing nutritional imbalance and drought stress. Our aim in the investigation described here was to identify genetic differences in the aluminium tolerance of soybeans by a 9 × 9 diallel cross among contrasting varieties grown in high-Al areas and in hydroponics. Combining ability analysis indicated predominantly additive gene effects, and the additive-dominance model explained most of the genetic differences in this germ plasm for mineral element absorption and root growth under aluminium stress. The relationship between the two factors suggest that conjugation hydroponics and field evaluations in breeding programmes would further improve soybeans with respect to yield stability under tropical cultivation conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223384
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative mapping in F2:3 and F6:7 generations of quantitative trait loci for grain yield and yield components in maize (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 817-826 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words  Zea mays ; RFLPs ; Plant breeding ; Genetics ; Recombination ; Abbreviations  RFLPs Restriction fragment length polymorphisms ; QTL quantitative trait loci ; RIs recombinant inbreds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract   This study was conducted to compare maize quantitative trait loci (QTL) detection for grain yield and yield components in F2:3 and F6:7 recombinant inbred (RI) lines from the same population. One hundred and eighty-six F6:7 RIs from a Mo17×H99 population were grown in a replicated field experiment and analyzed at 101 loci detected by restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). Single-factor analysis of variance was conducted for each locus-trait combination to identify QTL. For grain yield, 6 QTL were detected accounting for 22% of the phenotypic variation. A total of 63 QTL were identified for the seven grain yield components with alleles from both parents contributing to increased trait values. Several genetic regions were associated with more than one trait, indicating possible linked and/or pleiotropic effects. In a comparison with 150 F2:3 lines from the same population, the same genetic regions and parental effects were detected across generations despite being evaluated under diverse environmental conditions. Some of the QTL detected in the F2:3 seem to be dissected into multiple, linked QTL in the F6:7 generation, indicating better genetic resolution for QTL detection with RIs. Also, genetic effects at QTL are smaller in the F6:7 generation for all traits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050198
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variability and genetics of tolerance for aluminum toxicity in rice (Oryza sativa L.) (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 93 (1996), S. 738-744 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Aluminum toxicity ; Diallel analysis ; Genetics ; Rice ; Variability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A study was undertaken to investigate the variability among lowland rice cultivars and the mode of gene action of aluminum (Al) toxicity tolerance in rice. Pregerminated seeds were grown in a nutrient solution containing 30 ppm Al and in normal nutrient solution, and relative root length (RRL) was determined at the 14-day-old stage to characterize genotypes for tolerance. Sixty-two traditional rice cultivars grown on lowland acid sulfate soil areas of Asia and West Africa were tested. Tolerant varieties ‘Azucena’, ‘IRAT104’, and ‘Moroberekan’, moderately sensitive ‘IR29’ and ‘IR43’, and sensitive ‘IR45’ and ‘IR1552’ were used to investigate the genetics of tolerance by diallel analysis. Of the 62 cultivars tested, only 3 were found to be sensitive to A l toxicity. Among the tolerant cultivars identified, 11 (‘Siyam Kuning’, ‘Gudabang Putih’, ‘Siyam’, ‘Lemo’, ‘Khao Daeng’, ‘Siyamhalus’, ‘Bjm-12’, ‘Ketan’, ‘Seribu Gantang’, ‘Bayer Raden Rati’, and ‘Padi Kanji’) were found to possess higher levels of tolerance than the improved tolerant upland cultivar ‘IRAT104’. Diallel analysis revealed that high RRL is governed by both additive and dominance effects with a preponderance of additive effects. The trait exhibited partial dominance, and one group of genes was detected. Heritability was high, and environmenal effects were low. Findings suggest that when breeding for A1 toxicity tolerance, selection can be made in early generations. The pedigree method of breeding would be suitable. Combining ability analysis revealed the importance of both general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) in the genetics of A1 toxicity tolerance in rice. GCA was more prevalent than SCA. Tolerant parens ‘Azucena’, ‘IRAT104’, and ‘Moroberekan’ were the best general combiners. The presence of reciprocal effects among crosses suggested the proper choice of parents in hybridization programs. Results indicated that ‘Azucena’, ‘IRAT 104’, and ‘Moroberekan’ should be used as the female in crosses for A1 toxicity tolerance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224070
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inheritance of resistance to potato viruses Y and A in progeny obtained from potato cultivars containing gene Ry:evidence for a new gene for extreme resistance to PVA (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 93 (1996), S. 710-716 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Extreme virus resistance ; Potyviruses ; Genetics ; Genes Ry and Ra ; New gene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Extreme resistance in cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum) to potato viruses Y and A (PVY and PVA) conditioned by the presence of Ry genes introduced from Solanum stoloniferum was described by Cockerham (1970). Cockerham detailed a number of genes which controlled a variety of reactions, including extreme resistance to both viruses (i.e. little or no visible reaction of plants and no viral replication following graft and manual inoculation) controlled by gene Ry sto. In the present study, cvs ‘Pirola’ and ‘Barbara’, which contain a Ry gene, were found to have extreme resistance to PVY isolates from the ordinary (PVY°), veinal necrosis (PVYN) and potato tuber necrotic ringspot (PVYNTN) subgroups, and PVA. The inheritance of this phenotype was examined in seedling progenies obtained by crossing ‘Barbara’ and ‘Pirola’ with susceptible cultivars. Segregation data for resistance to PVY and PVA in a progeny involving cv ‘Pirola’ best fitted a genetical model of one gene controlling extreme resistance to both PVY and PVA, although the possibility that there are two genes, each controlling resistance to one virus but closely linked, cannot be excluded. Segregation data from progenies involving cv ‘Barbara’ best fitted a genetical model in which there are two independent genes, one controlling extreme resistance to PVA and PVY and a second gene controlling extreme resistance to PVA but not to PVY. This previously unrecognised gene conferring extreme resistance to PVA only, should be given the notation Ra in keeping with nomenclature used for other resistance genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224066
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential risk for developmental reading disorders in the offspring of compensated versus noncompensated parents (1996)
    Springer
    Reading and writing 8 (1996), S. 407-417 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0905
    Keywords: Compensation ; Dyslexia ; Environment ; Familial aggregation ; Genetics ; Risk
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Education
    Notes: Abstract When one or both parents have a history of developmental reading disorder (RD) in childhood, the risk to their offspring for developing reading problems is substantially increased. However, risk research has usually assumed a stability of reading problems across the lifespan (i.e., if a parent was affected in childhood, he or she remains affected in adulthood). Yet, some individuals with RD in childhood compensate for the disorder as they grow older. Both an environmental and genetic hypothesis would predict that the risk for RD in offspring will vary as a function of parental compensation. This study examined whether risk to offspring was dependent on the parents' successful or unsuccessful compensation for their childhood reading problems. Two large family data sets were analyzed (N=907). Diagnoses with either an age discrepant or IQ discrepant criteria essentially showed that having at least one still affected parent (i.e., RD both as a child and as an adult) put the offspring at a higher risk for RD than having at least one compensated parent (i.e., RD as a child but not as an adult). The lowest risk to an offspring occurred when both parents were never affected (i.e., not RD as a child or as an adult). The implications of these findings are discussed with regard to counseling and early diagnosis of reading problems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00404002
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental samples by Micellar liquid chromatography (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 111-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons ; Liquid chromatography ; Alcohols ; Micelles ; Enviromental samples ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method for the separation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by high-performance liquid chromatography using a hybrid micellar mobile phase is described. The detection of PAHs was carried out using the fluorescence method with programmable excitation and emission wavelength. The method is applied to the analysis of several environmental samples (sea water, sediments, limpets, sea worms) and several of these compounds are quantitated at concentration below 70 ng L-1(kg-1) in the original samples.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190210
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Separation of twenty-one naphthalene sulfonates by means of capillary electrophoresis (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 99-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary electrophoresis ; Micellear electrokinetic chromatography ; Organic modifiers ; Naphthalene sulfonates ; Surface water ; Thermostatting ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The production and use of naphthalene sulfonates can easily cause pollution of surface and other types of waters. In the present study, capillary electrophoresis in combination with UV absorption detection was used to separate 21 amino- and hydroxy-substituted naphthalene sulfonates which included multiple isomeric compounds. The influence of various parameters such as pH (which turned out to be extremely important), temperature of the surrounding air flow, and the use of buffer additives (micelles, cyclodextrins, organic modifiers) was studied. Complete separation of all analytes including the isomers, was achieved in two runs with a 50 mM boric acid/borate buffer, containing either 100 mM sodium dodecylsulfonate or 15% acetonitrile. The limits of detection obtained for the individual compounds typically were 20μgI-1. River water samples spiked at this concentration level could be analysed using a simple three-step sample clean-up procedure.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190208
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on cryogenic trapping of solutes during chromatographic elution in capillary gas chromatography (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 403-408 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Cryogenic trapping ; Capillary ; Focusing ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Cryogenic trapping of solutes leads to narrowing of the chromatographic band. By placing the trap at the end of a capillary column, it is possible to study the effectiveness of the trap in terms of producing a sharpened elution profile. The trap may be heated by supplementary heating, but here convective heating from the GC oven is employed simply by turning off the cryogenic coolant. It is estimated that it takes about 50 s for the trap to heat up sufficiently to allow trapped solute to be remobilized, although this depends upon the oven temperature and thermal mass of the trap. It can also be shown that the more volatile solutes mobilize faster from the trap in this particular mode of operation. The recovery of trapped components shows that there is essentially quantitative trapping, and the solutes are trapped just at the leading edge of the trap.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190708
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Capillary electrophoresis determination of six bioactive constituents in San-huang-hsieh-hsin-tang (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 409-412 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Micellar electrokinetic chromatography ; Rhei Rhizoma ; Scutellariae Radix ; Coptidis Rhizoma ; Bioactive constituents determination ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A capillary electrophoretic method for simultaneous determination of six bioactive ingredients (berberine, palmatine, baicalin, sennoside B, emodin, and sennoside A) in the Chinse herbal formula San-huang-hsieh-hsin-tang was established. A carrier composed of aqueous buffer solution (50 mM sodium cholate, 15 mM sodium dihydrogen phosphate, and 4.25 mM sodium borate)-acetonitrile (3:2) was found to be the most suitable electrolyte for this separation. Contents of these constituents in a non-pretreated methanol-water extract of San-huang-hsieh-hsin-tang sample could be easily determined within 20 min. The effects of borate, cholate, and organic modifier (acetonitrile) concentration of the carrier on the migration behavior of the solutes were also studied.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190709
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromatography calendar (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 418-418 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190712
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  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Shifting of gas chromatographic retention times due to solvent effects  -  a study using sulfur chemiluminescence detection (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 485-491 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary GC ; Qualitative analysis ; Quantitative analysis ; Retention indices ; Retention times ; Solvent effect ; Sulfur Chemiluminescence Detection (SCD) ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Gas chromatrography (GC) with sulfur chemiluminescence detection (SCD) is an outstanding combination for selectively determining trace concentrations of sulfur compounds in hydrocarbon samples. GC peaks can be identified by retention times when reproducible, automated injection techniques are used. However, as described in this work, analysts should be on the look out for retention shifting due to solvent effects from sample components. Three examples of retention shifting are presented: (1) thiophene by benzene; (2) methylthiophenes by toluene; and (3) dibenzothiophene by gas oil. Depending on samples and analysis conditions, retention shifts from a few hundredths to 1.5 min have been observed. Such retention shifts are likely to cause errors in peak identifications. Therefore, when using SCD, simultaneous FID monitoring is recommended as an aid in evaluating chromatograms for possible retention shifting due to solvent effects.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190903
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  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of naturally occurring α-acetotriacylglycerides by gas chromatography  -  chemical ionization mass spectrometry (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 497-502 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: α-Monoacetotriacylglycerides ; Celastraceae ; Fatty acids ; GLC ; GLC-(NCI)MS ; Maytenus seed oils ; OV-225-OH, OH-terminated ; SOP-50, methoxy-terminated ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The seed oils of three Maytenus species have been examined by high temperature GLC using SOP-50 (methoxy-terminated) and OV-225-OH (OH-terminated) glasscapillary columns. The main compounds (71-76%) could be identified as α-mono-acetotriacylglycerols by a combination of high temperature GLC-MS in negative chemical ionization mode with a CH4/N2O mixture as reactant gas and other spectroscopical methods (infrared, 1H- and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy). The OV-225-OH phase demonstrated better separation properties that the SOP-50 phase for this substance class and up to eight species of α-monoacetotriacylglycerols could be separated. The content of usual triacyclglycerols was below 1%. The results of the analysis of the individual fatty acids as their methyl esters by GC and GC-MS are also presented.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190905
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  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavior of whey proteins in hydrophobic interaction chromatography (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 521-526 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: LSS model ; Whey proteins ; HIC of proteins ; Circular dichroism ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190910
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  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of liquid chromatography packings in high pressure gas chromatography (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 527-529 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: High pressure gas chromatography ; Stationary phases ; Hydrocarbons ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190911
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  • 36
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240191201
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  • 37
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enantiomeric separation of acidic drugs by capillary electrophoresis using a combination of charged and uncharged β-cyclodextrins as chiral selectors (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 669-673 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary electrophoresis ; Enantiomeric separations ; Acidic compounds ; Neutral β-cyclodextrins ; Sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: High resolution could be achieved for the enantiomers of acidic drugs, namely, sulindac, fenoprofen, ketoprofen, warfarin, and hexobarbital, in a buffer of pH 3 by the simultaneous addition of uncharged and charged β-cyclodextrin derivatives. The interaction of the analytes with the anionic sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin provides the analytes with an adequate electrophoretic mobility whereas the interaction with various neutral β-cyclodextrins generates high enantioselectivity. Five neutral cyclodextrins, the native β-cyclodextrin, as well as methyl-, dimethyl-, trimethyl- and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, were tested to enhance the enantioselectivity of the electrophoretic system. High resolution values and the shortest analysis times for the five drugs tested were achieved in a buffer made of 100 mM phosphoric acid adjusted to pH 3 with triethanolamine and containing dimethyl- or trimethyl-β-cyclodextrin in addition to sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240191203
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  • 38
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Complete PCB congener distributions for 17 aroclor mixtures determined by 3 HRGC systems optimized for comprehensive, quantitative, congener-specific analysis (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 657-668 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chlorobiphenyl congeners ; Aroclors ; DB-XLB phase ; HP-5/HT-5 serial coupled phases ; GC-ECD ; GC-MS-SIM ; GC-Ion Trap MS ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Three HRGC systems (1: 30m DB-XLB capillary with MS-SIM detection; 2: 60m DB-XLB capillary with full-scan, ion-trap MS detection; and 3: Parallel dual-column DB-17 and series-coupled HP5/HT5 with ECD detection) were used to completely characterize multiple lots of 8 different-numbered Aroclor mixtures by quantitative calibration against 9 solutions containing primary standards of all 209 PCB congeners. Despite lower absolute sensitivity and more Aroclor congener coelutions than the dual-column ECD system, the MS systems enabled measurement of more congeners per Aroclor since their greater linear response range did not require dilution of samples and standards. Pairs of different lots of Aroclors 1248 and 1254 displayed markedly different proportions of congeners, and the 1254 pair displayed strong differences in the extent of ortho-chlorine substitution. The tables of congener weight percent distributions among Aroclors are more comprehensive and quantitatively precise than those of prior publications. However, the limitations of single-level calibration precluded measurement of all congeners to the ±10% accuracy desirable for establishing these Aroclors as secondary standards for comprehensive, quantitative congener-specific PCB analysis.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240191202
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  • 39
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High performance fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometric detection for capillary electrophoresis (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 617-621 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary electrophoresis ; Mass spectrometry ; Electrospray ionization ; Fourier transform ion cyclotron ; Resonance ; Biomolecule analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We describe the current state of the on-line combination of capillary electrophoresis (CE) electrospray ionization (ESI) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometry (MS), and discuss aspects of the FTICR technique relevant to its use as a detection scheme for on-line separations. Aspects including sensitivity, mass resolution, duty cycle, and tandem mass spectrometric capabilities are discussed in the context of online separations with examples from the authors' laboratory.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240191105
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    Electronic Resource
    Contribution of HPLC to the study of the defense mechanisms acting in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) roots on infection with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 706-708 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: HPLC of phenols ; Dianthus caryophyllus ; Carnation vascular wilt ; Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi ; Root phenolic compounds ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240191213
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  • 41
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    Electronic Resource
    Isomeric composition of the ester fraction from epicuticular waxes of Festuca arundinacea Schreb (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 43-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary gas chromatography ; Mass spectrometry ; Wax esters ; Festuca arundinacea ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The ester portion of epicuticular waxes of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) is composed of mixtures of homologous series of fatty acids esterfied with fatty alcohols. GC analyses of natural esters gave rise to the separation of several compounds of different chain length. To identify and quantify individual components in the mixture, GC/MS analyses were carried out, and the mass spectra of each peak were recorded and analyzed for characteristic ions. This approach permitted a comparison with data obtained from classical methods using GC analysis of acid and alcohol moieties obtained by hydrolysis.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190108
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  • 42
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    Simultaneous capillary GC of acids and sugars as their silyl(oxime) derivatives: Quantitation of chlorogenic acid, raffinose, and pectin substances (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 54-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Optimization of GC conditions ; Sugar analysis ; Acid analysis ; Chlorogenic acid ; Raffinose ; Pectin decomposition products ; Galacturonic acid ; Arabinose ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Our GC-MS method for the simultaneous quantitation of sugars and acids as their silyl(oxime) derivatives, from one solution by one injection, has been extended to the reproducible determination of high molecular weight compounds sensitive to decomposition yet requiring a high evaporation temperature (e.g. chlorogenic acid and rffinose) and for the quantitation of the decomposition products of pectin (i.e., for the determination of galacturonic acid at low ng levels in the presence of a 10-100 fold excess of glucose eluting just before the acid). The optimized GC procedure has been used for quantitation of the sugar and acid (including chlorogenic acid) composition of potato samples, and for the determination of the increasing amount of the decomposition products of pectin substances in apple pulp after different storage times.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190110
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  • 43
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromatography calendar (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 66-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190114
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  • 44
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190101
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  • 45
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Capillary gas chromatographic evaluation of trans-fatty acid content of food produced under the traditional conditions of semi-industrial frying (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 180-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: trans-Fatty acids ; Semi-industrial frying ; Capillary GC ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190313
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  • 46
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of chelating agents in Hanford tank waste simulant by capillary zone electrophoresis (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 183-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chelating agents ; Complexation ; Capillary zone electrophoresis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A capillary electrophoretic method has been developed which achieves rapid quantitative separation and determination of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediaminetriacetic acid, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, ethylenediaminediacetic acid, and nitrilotriacetic acid in Hanford tank waste simulant (TWS). Direct UV detection of Cu2+/chelator complexes is used to achieve enhanced sensitivity. The qualitative and quantitative reliability of the method and the quality of separations, as given by efficiency and resolution, is presented. In addition, the limits of detection and linearity of detector response with concentration are given for each chelator. The selection of Cu as the UV-absorbing species over other transition metals present in the waste is discussed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190402
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  • 47
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    Dimethylbenzothiophenes and methyldibenzothiophenes in crude oils from different sourcesPolycyclic Aromatic Sulfur Heterocycles, V. (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 49-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles ; Crude oil ; Oil maturity ; Fingerprinting ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method is presented for the identification and quantification of C2-substituted benzothiophenes in crude oil. The method will enable analysis of the pattern of these compounds, for example as a basis for differentiating crude oils from one another (fingerprinting) and for investigation of their suitability as indicators of oil maturity. Here results are reported for five crudes from Iraq, Venezuela, Saudi Arabia, the former Soviet Union, and the North Sea. The aromatic fraction of the crudes was oxidized and the dioxides of the heterocycles separated according to the number of carbon atoms in the side chains. The final separation was by capillary GC with atomic emission or flame ionization detection. A fluorinated analog was synthesized and used as internal standard. The concentrations of 2,3-, 2,4-, 2,7-, and 3,7-dimethylbenzothiophene ranged between 11 and 272 ppm. Three other dimethylated benzothiophenes present in lower amounts were also identified.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190109
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  • 48
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    Electronic Resource
    Development and evaluation of an interface for coupled capillary supercritical fluid chromatography/magnetic sector mass spectrometry. Application to thermally unstable and high molecular mass compounds (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 17-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary Supercritical Fluid Chromatography ; Mass Spectrometry ; SFC-MS ; On-line combination ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An interface for coupling supercritical fluid chromatography to a magnetic sector mass spectrometer was developed and evaluated. The interface is based on direct introduction of the mobile phase, carbon dioxide, into the ion-source of the mass spectrometer. The SFC-MS system was optimized with respect to the signal-to-noise ratio. Under optimized conditions, the estimated detection limit for n-pentadecane is approximately 30 ppm. Spectra obtained in the electron-impact ionization mode show a very good similarity with library spectra. The performance of the SFC-MS system was evaluated by the analysis of a number of test mixtures. A sample containing several low molecular mass, thermally unstable compounds, which could neither be analyzed by GC-MS nor by LC-MS, was analyzed. Also for the analysis of high molecular mass compounds, the coupled system showed a good performance.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190103
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  • 49
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    A water trap for static cryo-headspace gas chromatography (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 37-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The headspace gas in static headspace gas chromatography contains mostly saturated water vapor. In the case of the cryofocusing enrichment technique this may cause baseline distortion in the early part of the chromatogram or may even lead to ice-plugging of the capillary column. A water-trap is described in which the water vapor is removed from the headspace gas before entering the cryo-trap. The water trap is packed with lithium chloride on a porous support and is regenerated after each analysis by heating under backflush conditions. It therefore can be used for automatic operation. Data are given for the precision and accuracy, and some practical examples, for environmental and flavor analysis are shown.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190107
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  • 50
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    Electronic Resource
    Retention of alcohols in steam chromatography using CaCl2—H2O salt as stationary phase (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 59-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Steam chromatography ; Salt-water stationary phases ; Retention of alcohols ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190111
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  • 51
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    Residues of chlorinated pesticides in eggs of the gray heron (Ardea cinerea L.): Contribution of capillary gas chromatography ion-trap mass detection (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 62-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas Chromatography ; Ion-Trap Mass Spectrometry ; Pesticide residue analysis ; Eggs ; Ardea cinera ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190112
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    Electronic Resource
    Troubleshooting in the separation sciences (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 65-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190113
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  • 53
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    Electronic Resource
    Editorial (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. iii 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190202
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  • 54
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    Identification of pesticide residues in real matrices by combining retention indices and specific multidetection responses (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 80-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary GC ; Specific detectors ; ECD/FPD response ratios ; Retention indices ; Identification on real samples ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A previous paper reported the possibility of using the ratio between the responses of two different specific detectors to a single compound (detector response ratio, DRR) as an identification criterion for that compound, in combination with its retention index.This article gives some applications of DRR in the identification of some pesticides in four different fruits (apples, apricots, strawberries, and peaches) in a range varying from 0.02 to 1.3 ppm, by means of their ECD/FPD DRRs. After clean-up GC analyses were performed on a single column with dual parallel detection; a personal computer system was used for data analysis.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190204
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    Thermal treatment for immobilization of chiral polysiloxanes in capillary gas chromatography (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 91-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chiral selector anchored to polysiloxane ; Chiral phase capillary GC ; Immobilization ; Thermal treatment ; High enantioselectivity ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The chiral selector L-t-leucine-t-butylamide has been anchored to a polysiloxane by nucleophilic displacement of 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl ester-functionalized block polysiloxanes with L-t-leucine-t-butylamide. Attempts were made to immobilize the chiral polysiloxanes inside the capillaries by thermal treatment at 300°C for 30-90 min. The polysiloxanes were found to be more resistant than Chirasil-Val to the racemization caused by such high temperature treatment. Capillary columns coated with this type of immobilized polysiloxane have shown very high enantioselectivity and thermal stability.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190206
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  • 56
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    Electronic Resource
    Troubleshooting in the separation sciences (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 284-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190509
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  • 57
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    A four factor simplex optimization of a serially coupled open tublar columns gas chromatographic system (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 277-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Coupled columns ; Four factor optimization ; Simplex method ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Optimization of a gas chromatographic system with two capillary columns coupled in series in a single oven for the linear temperature programmed separation of a mixture of C1—C10 hydrocarbons has been carried out using the simplex optimization method. The following four selectivity parameters were optimized: the initial temperature of the oven; the initial hold time; the temperature programmed rate; and the pressure at the mid-point of the system. The optimization procedure was monitored by the Cp criterion.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190508
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    Membrane preconcentration-capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (mPC-CE-MS) analysis of 3-phenylamino-1,2-propanediol (PAP) metabolites (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 291-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry ; Membrane preconcentration ; Capillary electrophoresis ; Sulfonated membrane ; Polar drug metabolites ; Toxic oil syndrome ; Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome ; 3-Phenylamino-1,2-propanediol ; 3-Phenylamino-L-alanine ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190511
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  • 59
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    Electronic Resource
    Chromatography calendar (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. VII 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190514
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  • 60
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    Comparative headspace analysis of fresh red coffee berries from different cultivated varieties of coffee trees (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 298-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Dynamic head space ; Coffee berry ; Identification ; Hypothenemus hampei ; Plant-insect relationship ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190513
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    The advantage of dual-column approach and retention indices combined with refined reporting in gas chromatographic drug screening (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 313-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary GC ; Drug screening ; Retention index ; Reporting ; Mean list length ; Blood analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A dual-column gas chromatographic retention index method was evaluated for the toxicological screening for basic drugs in autopsy blood samples. The dual-column approach with DB-5 and DB-1701 capillary columns doubles the Identification Power of the corresponding single column methods. The long-term intralaboratory variation of the dialkylfluoroaniline series based retention indices of drugs in blood ranged from 0.03% to 0.2% which was generally better than that obtained using the relative retention time. Novel software is described for the processing and reporting of the dual-column chromatographic data in analytically useful form. Besides retention data, the response factors served as an additional identification factor.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190603
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  • 62
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    HRGC separation performance evaluation by a simplified fourier analysis approach (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 327-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary GC ; Separation performance ; Fourier analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A simple procedure is presented for determining separation performance of HRGC analysis of multicomponent mixtures. The procedure is based on the computation of Autocovariance Function (EACVF) from the digitized experimental chromatogram. Graphic inspection of the EACVF plot permits easy computation of the width value of the single component peak, σ; from the EACVF value at t=O the number of component in the mixture, m, can be simply derived. From these two basic quantities all the other chromatographic performance attributes can be calculated. The consistency of the procedure is tested for different chromatograms and compared with the more complex EACVF fitting method. Several features of the multicomponent chromatogram, overloading effects included, are directly detected.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190605
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    Trace analysis of semi-volatile organic air pollutants using thick film silicone rubber traps with capillary gas chromatography (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 339-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary gas chromatography ; Trace gas analysis ; Multichannel thick film silicone rubber traps ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Established standard methods for analyzing semi-volatile pollutants by capillary gas chromatography are cumbersome, time-consuming, and expensive. With the longer term aim of replacing the sample preparation procedures with convenient concertrating and thermal desorption steps, thick film silicone rubber traps were constructed in a novel multi-channel configuration. Tests were performed to determine breakthrough volumes and thermal desorption characteristics for total transfer of the trap contents to a capillary column. Initial results are very promising.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190607
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  • 64
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    Performance and characteristics of a trace gas analyzer for the determination of volatile organic compounds in air (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 333-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Adsorptive enrichment/thermal desorption ; Microtrap ; VOC and PVOC analysis ; Humid air sample analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An instrument has been developed and tested for the continuous measurement of volatile organic compounds (VOC) in air. The system consists of a gas chromatograph equipped with a dedicated sampling device that allows the sample to be transferred to a cooled microtrap via sampling loops (10, 100, 250 ml) or via a direct pump transfer to the trap. The microtrap is placed in the chromatographic oven just below a modified split-splitless injector, allowing direct liquid injection for calibration of the system; the injector is in communication with the sampling valve equipped with the loop and the sampling pump. The system allows 24-hour sampling and analysis of a large number of VOC (up to 25 individual hydrocarbons ranging from C2—C9) and also polar volatile organic compounds PVOC. Thanks to the particular trap geometry, a minimum consumption of liquid nitrogen (between 150—300 ml) is needed for each analytical run and no water managing system is normally required for humid air samples.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190606
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  • 65
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    HRGC/FID/NPD and HRGGC/MSD study of Colombian ylang-ylang (Cananga odorata) oils obtained by different extraction techniques (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 353-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary gas chromatography ; Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ; Essential oil analysis ; Ylang-ylang oil ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Steam distillation (SD), simultaneous distillation-solvent extraction (SDE), and supercritical (CO2) extraction (SFE) were used to isolate volatile secondary metabolites from fresh, totally mature flowers of Colombian ylang-ylang (Cananga odorata). The various extracts were analyzed by capillary chromatography (DB-1, DBWAX, 60 m columns) using FID, NPD or MSD (EI, 70 eV). Kováts indexes, mass spectra, or standard substances were employed for compound identification. 51, 70, and 73 compounds at concentrations above 100 ppb were detected in the SD, SDE, and SFE extracts, respectively. The main constituents of these extracts were linalool (20.7, 28.0, and 16.5%), germacrene-D (10.1, 3.1, and 20.3%) benzyl benzoate (14.1, 2.9, and 3.9%), benzyl acetate (9.6, 17.0, and 6.2%), caryophyllene (3.1, 2.9, and 3.9%), and p-methylanisole (6.8, 6.1, and 2.7%). 85% of the composition of SDE extracts was represented by oxygenated compounds. Heavy hydrocarbons (Cn 〉20) and fatty acids were found only in the SFE extracts, which also had a higher content of nitrogenated compounds (phenylacetonitrile, 4-methylbenzaldoxime, indole, 2-phenyl-nitroethane, and methyl anthranilate) and sesquiterpenes (43% vs 19.5% in SD and 8.1% in SDE) and 1.5 - 2 times lower concentration of monoterpenes and light oxygenated compounds than the SD (49.7%) and SDE (64.5%) extracts.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190609
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    Determination of triclosan in human dental plaque by gas chromatography with atomic emission detection (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 359-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Atomic emission detection ; Triclosan ; Dental plaque ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A validated gas chromatographic method for the determination of triclosan in human dental plaque is described. Based on plaque sample weights of 10 mg, the limit of detection (2 × S/N) is 0.5 μg/g. The method is linear (r = 0.9986) from the limit of detection to 50 μg/g. Recoveries from placebos spiked with 2.0, 25, and 50 μg/g of triclosan were 105.6%±7.5%, 107.2%±3.1%, and 99.1%±1.1%, respectively (n = 3 at each level). Twenty replicate preparations and analyses of a homogenized sample, conducted by two operators over the course of 4 days, showed agreement to within 9% RSD. Analyses of dental plaque collected from patients after brushing with dental cream containing triclosan, shows triclosan to be retained in dental plaque at concentrations above the minimum inhibitory concentration (1 μg/g) after 12 h.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190610
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  • 67
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    Masthead (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190701
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  • 68
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    Editorial (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 371-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190702
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  • 69
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    The use of predicted boiling points for the identification of halobenzenes and substituted phenols in capillary gas chromatography (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 377-382 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary chromatography ; Boiling points prediction ; Identification ; Chlorobenzenes ; Phenols ; Programmed temperature ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Quantitative correlations between physicochemical parameters and structure of various solutes and their gas chromatographic behavior were investigated in order to predict the retention values. The identification of unknown samples in gas chromatographic routine analysis of environmental samples is enhanced by the use of these correlations in conjuction with other chromatographic methods and with mass spectrometry. The boiling points of many compounds are easily found in literature and therefore their correlation with retention values obtained in isothermal or programmed temperature analysis permit restriction of the choice of names of unknown compound to within a narrow range. The correlation between the boiling points and the retention times of chloro- and bromo-benzenes and of some chloro- and nitro- substituted phenols was investigated on non-polar capillary columns and permitted the tentative identification of many compounds belonging to these homologous series.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190704
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  • 70
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    Gas chromatographic determination of some glycol ethers and glycol ether acetates by FID, O-FID, and MS detection. Preliminary applications in simultaneous monitoring of these chemicals in biological matrices (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 383-391 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary gas chromatography ; FID, O-FID, and MS detection ; Glycol ethers and glycol ether acetates ; Heptafluorobutyryl derivatives ; Mass spectra ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Twelve compounds, commonly used as industrial solvents and belonging to the chemical class of glycol ethers and glycol ether acetates, were investigated. Several analytical conditions, applied to single or connected capillary columns of different length and polarity coating and connected to FID, O-FID and MS detection systems, were assayed. Tests on heptafluorobutyryl derivatives were also attempted to improve the analytical sensitivity. The aims were to establish gas chromatographic methods suitable for analysis of reference standard compounds and to verify their applicability to biological matrix analysis for pharmacokinetic and toxicological studies, since these chemicals have been shown to be hazardous in laboratory animals and are presumed to be dangerous in man.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190705
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  • 71
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    On-line HPLC-HRGC coupling and simultaneous transfer of two different LC fractions: Determination of aliphatic alcohols and sterols in olive oil (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 444-448 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: LC-GC coupling ; Loop-type interface ; Alcohols ; Sterols ; Olive oil ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A modified loop-type interface is decribed which uses two 6-way valves and concurrent eluent evaporation to perform an on-line transfer and simultaneous gas chromatographic analysis of two different fractions pre-separated by liquid chromatography. The interface is used to simultaneously analyze aliphatic alcohols and sterols present in olive oil. LC pre-separation is carried out using a normal phase column (20 cm × 0.21 cm i.d.) and hexane-isopropanol (99:1) as a mobile phase at a flow of 0.2 ml/min; for the GC analysis a 5 % phenyl, 95 % dimethyl siloxane (25 m × 0.32 mm i.d., 0.4 μm film thickness) column is used.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190805
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  • 72
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    In memoriam - Emanuel Gil-Av (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 462-462 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190808
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    Frederick Conference Capillary Electrophoresis Award to Barry Karger (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 463-463 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190809
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  • 74
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    Pressure drop effects on selectivity and resolution in packed column supercritical fluid chromatography (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 449-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) ; Packed columns ; Pressure drop ; Selectivity ; Resolution ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The influence of pressure drop on retention, selectivity, plate height and resolution was investigated systematically in packed supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) using pure carbon dioxide as the mobile phase. Numerical methods developed previously which enabled the prediction of pressure gradients, diffusivities, capacity factors, plate heights and resolutions along the length of the column were used for the model calculations. The effects of inlet pressure and supercritical fluid flow rate on selectivity and resolution are studied. In packed column SFC with pure carbon dioxide as the mobile phase, the pressure drop can have a significant effect on resolution. The flow rate is shown to have a larger effect than generally realized. The calculated data are shown to be in good agreement with the experimental results. Finally, the variation of the chromatographic parameters along a 5.5 meter long model SFC column is illustrated. The possibilities and limitations of using long packed columns in SFC are discussed. It is demonstrated that long columns with large plate numbers do not necessarily yield better separations.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190806
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  • 75
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    Troubleshooting in the separation sciences (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 464-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190810
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  • 76
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    Ultratrace determination of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene in waste water by purge and trap/gas chromatography coupled to different detectors: Flame ionization (FID), electron capture (ECD), and multiple ion detection-mass spectrometry (MID-MS) (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 457-461 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary gas chromatography ; Purge and trap extraction ; 1,2,4-TCB ; Environmental analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: High resolution gas chromatography (HRGC) coupled to a “purge and trap” extraction-injection technique is described as a method of determining 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene in water at levels as low as parts-per-trillion (ppt). In order to investigate the interference from other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) several detection systems were compared: flame ionization, electron capture, and mass spectrometry-multiple ion detection. Concentrations ranging from 15 to 600 ng/L were analyzed in 20 ml standard aqueous solutions. The mean accuracy of the method varied from 89 to 103%, and its mean precision varied from ± 0.85 to ± 7.5 % for all detectors. The detection limits were 20 ng/L for FID, 2 ng/L for ECD and 0.5 ng/L for MID-MS detectors. The procedure was successfully applied to the analysis of industrial waste waters. The necessity of an appropriate internal standard to improve the quantitative determination and to determine possible losses or degradation of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene during handling or storage is discussed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190807
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  • 77
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    Determination of chlorobenzenes in water by microextraction and GC/MS (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 469-471 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Microextration ; GC/MS ; Chlorobenzenes ; Water samples ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190812
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  • 78
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    An investigation of supercritical fluid extraction of trenbolone from beef (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 465-469 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) ; Beef ; Anabolic steroids, synthetic ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190811
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  • 79
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    Chromatography calendar (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. vii 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190816
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  • 80
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    Chiral separation of methoxamine and lobeline using cyclodextrin as buffer additives in capillary zone electrophoresis (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 478-480 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary zone electrophoresis ; Chiral separation ; Cyclodextrins ; Methoxamine ; Lobeline ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190815
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  • 81
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    A modified inlet system for high speed gas chromatography using inert metal tubing with a carbon dioxide cooled cryotrap (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 492-496 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: High - speed capillary GC ; Carbon dioxide cryotrap ; Deactivated metal tubing ; Thermal decomposition ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ten different metal tubings were investigated for thermal decomposition of analytes when used as the trap tube in a cryotrap/thermodesorption inlet system. No noticeable sample decomposition of hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons and a brominated hydrocarbon was observed for six of the tubings with hydrogen as the carrier gas. This observation may be partly attributed to the developed deactivation techniques that produce inert metal tubings that are being widely adopted by many column manufacturers, the different trap materials used in comparison to previous studies and the decreased sample residence time in the hot trap tube. A cryotrap using carbon dioxide was constructed and tested as a alternative to the previously used liquid nitrogen based systems. This cryotrap was able to trap compounds with a boiling point of 80°C.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190904
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  • 82
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    Enantiomer separation of amino acids as their N-alkyloxycarbonyl alkylamide derivatives by chiral phase capillary GC (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 511-514 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Enantiomer separation ; Amino acids ; N-Alkyloxycarbonyl alkylamide derivatives ; Nucleophilic substitution ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The enantiomers of amino acids were first converted into N-alkyloxycarbonyl 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl esters, and then into N-alkyloxycarbonyl alkylamides by nucleophilic substitution of the ester group with amines. The first reaction proceeds instantaneously, while the second substitution occurs smoothly with n-propylamine and isobutylamine. The final derivatives were produced for separation on a capillary column coated with Chirasil-Val by GC. Pro, which is difficult to separate completely as its N-perfluoroacyl alkyl ester derivative, showed complete separation of the enantiomeric pair. All amino acids examined in this study showed an increased separation factor.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190907
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  • 83
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    HPLC separation of the major constituents in Paeoniae Radix (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 530-533 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: High-performance liquid chromatography ; Paeoniae Radix ; Peony constituent separation ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190912
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  • 84
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    Effect of high temperature in determination of the mathematical dead time and the constants of the n-alkane retention time curve in gas chromatography (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 543-548 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; High temperature ; Dead time ; Constants of the n-alkane retention time curve ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In gas liquid chromatography, the column dead time and the constants of the n-alkane retention time curve are calculated by the multiparametric least-squares regression iterative method at high temperature between 180 and 270°C. The method was applied to two types of columns. The first group includes eight packed columns (seven OV polymethylphenylsiloxane and Apolane-87), while the second includes five glass capillary columns (four methylsilicone with different film thicknesses and Apolane-87). The calculated tM and b values were compared with those obtained by Guardino's, Grobler's, and Kaiser's methods. The influences of coating thickness and temperature thereon were investigated.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240191003
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  • 85
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    Fast chiral separation by microbore SFC on the 3,5-dimethylphenyl carbamate derivative of cellulose (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 569-570 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Microbore SFC ; Chiral separation ; 3,5-Dimethylphenyl carbamate derivative of cellulose ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240191007
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  • 86
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    Solid phase extraction of halogenated pesticides from ground and surface waters and their determination by capillary gas chromatography (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 559-563 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Pesticide residue analysis ; Solid phase extraction ; Ground water ; Surface water ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A critical study of a solid phase extraction method using C18 SPE columns for the determination of 23 halogenated pesticides is presented. Type of sorbent, sorbent mass, flow rate in the extraction process, sample concentration of the different compounds, sample volume, pH, ionic strength and type of water were evaluated. Recoveries of pesticides under study yield a linear relationship, except for conazole fungicides and captan. Losses can be expected for heptachlor, aldrin, and captan. Sample volume and flow rate of extraction affect recoveries. Matrix effects from surface and groundwaters were observed. Recoveries for vinelozolin and dieldrin from groundwater were lower than those obtained from nanopure water. In river water losses of these compounds are higher. Captan and penconazole were not present and high losses were obtained for trifluralin, α-BHC, γ-BHC, tri-allate and chlorpyriphos. Impurities arising from the sorbent materials of cartridges have been detected.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240191005
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  • 87
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    High temperature (70°C) size exclusion chromatography of petroleum waxes with RI and FID detection (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 549-558 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Size exclusion chromatography ; Petroleum waxes ; Flame ionization detector ; Refractive index detector ; Molecular weight distribution ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Molecular weight distribution of solid petroleum waxes is a key parameter for the general characterization of these materials. Particular interest concerns extremely large components, typically present in oil distillation residua, and solid deposits found in oil production facilities. Molecular weight distributions of oil waxes were determined in this work by high temperature size exclusion chromatography. Separations were carried out with two different eluents, namely toluene and ortho-dichlorobenzene and two detection systems, these being a differential refractive index and a flame ionization detector. Toluene proved to be the best choice when combined with flame ionization detection. Better uniformity of response was the greatest advantage achieved by this approach. The experimental set up permitted analysis of samples containing molecules with up to 138 carbon atoms. Burning properties of very large molecules, isomerism affecting calibration, and signal asymmetry when flame ionization detection was adopted were three issues still requiring additional efforts to understand and to improve analysis accuracy.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240191004
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    Identification of phenolic compounds in waste water from coal gasification by SPE and GC/MS (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 577-580 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Phenolic compounds ; Solid phase extraction ; Coal gasification ; GC/MS ; XAD-4 ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240191009
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  • 89
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    Factors affecting SFE of PAHs from water samples (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 588-590 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Supercritical fluid extraction ; Water samples ; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240191012
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  • 90
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    Volatile constituents from Andes berry (Rubus glaucus benth) (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 585-587 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Enantioselective gas chromatography ; Volatiles ; 2-Heptanol ; Ethyl benzoate ; (E)-Hex-2-enal ; 1-Terpinen-4-oI ; Rubus glaucus ; Rosaceae ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240191011
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    Chromatography calendar (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 596-596 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240191015
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  • 92
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240191101
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  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Environmental applications of capillary gas chromatography coupled with atomic emission detection  -  a review (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 597-607 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary gas chromatography ; Atomic emission detection ; Environmental applications ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Environmental applications of capillary gas chromatography coupled with atomic emission derection (GC-AED) have been reviewed with emphasis on both the commercial and laboratory-built systems. Attention was focused on (1) element-selective detection of non-metallic as well as metallic pollutants, (2) identification of contaminants, and (3) sample preparation considerations.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240191102
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  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Capillary electrophoresis with constant potential amperometric detection using a nickel microelectrode for detection of carbohydrates (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 613-616 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary electrophoresis ; Electrochemical detection ; End column detection ; Nickel electrode ; Carbohydrates ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Carbohydrates were separated by capillary electrophoresis (CE) and detected electrochemically using a nickel microelectrode which was operated at a constant applied potential (∼0.6 V vs. Ag/AgCI). A simple capillary electrode holder design facilitated alignment between the separation capillary and the working microelectrode without the use of micro-positioning equipment. The separations were performed under alkaline conditions (pH 〉 11), matching the high pH requirements for amperometric detection at the nickel electrode. The analytical procedure developed showed detection limits for the carbohydrates studied in the micromolar range, showing a linear response in the range tested (micromolar to millimolar). The procedure was used to identify sugars in two real samples (i.e., urine and in a common beverage). The potential use of the system for the determination of amino acids was also demonstrated.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240191104
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  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Silicalite as a stationary phase for HPLC (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 691-695 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: HPLC ; Molecular sieve ; Cis-trans isomers ; Phenols ; Selectivity ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A molecular sieve known as Silicalite was used as the column packing for HPLC. Silicalite contains channels (or cavities) approximately 6 Å in diameter but, unlike most other molecular sieves, Silicalite is hydrophobic. The retention times of methyl ketones and substituted phenols containing n-alkyl groups increase with increasing chain length of the substituent. However, phenols with very bulky substituents appear to be excluded from the Silicalite channels and elute very quickly. Excellent separations were obtained for a number of compounds with only slight differences in chemical structure. These include phenol isomers with a primary- or secondary alkyl group, position isomers of substituted phenols, and aliphatic cis-trans isomers.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240191207
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of cyclodextrins as chiral selector for the chiral separation of anticholinergic drugs such as anisodamine and glycopyrronium in capillary zone electrophoresis (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 697-699 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary zone electrophoresis ; Chiral separation ; Cyclodextrin ; Anisodamine ; Glycopyrronium ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240191210
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multidimensional capillary gas chromatography of polychlorinated biphenyl marker compounds (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 622-626 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Multidimensional capillary chromatography ; Polychlorinated biphenyls ; PCBs ; Congener ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Multidimensional chromatography was used to resolve the specific chlorobiphenyl (CB) congeners 28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153, and 180 in technical aroclor standards. Single column analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) results in co-elution of key congeners with other components in the mixture; therefore using two columns of different selectivity was necessary to enhance the resolution achievable on just one column. The HT8 column (8% phenylpolycarborane-siloxane phase) has been reported to have specific selectivity characteristics for improved PCB separation. When coupled with a BPX5 column (5% phenylpolysiloxane-silphenylene phase), it has been shown here to provide unambiguous identification of 7 marker compounds which are used to monitor PCB occurrence and distribution. All seven marker CBs are present in aroclor 1254, and by adjusting the size of the heartcut window, it was possible to obtain resolution of the marker congeners from other congeners. Single column analysis is unable to achieve this result. This offers an alternative to GC-MS analysis.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240191106
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Separation of chlorophenoxy acid herbicides by capillary zone electrophoresis (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 647-650 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) ; Separation of herbicides ; Chlorophenoxy acid ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240191111
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190201
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Environmental applications of large volume injection in capillary GC using PTV injectors (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 69-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Large volume injection ; PTV injector ; Water analysis ; River sediment ; Pesticides ; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Temperature programmable (PTV) injectors with packed widebore (ca. 3.5 mm i.d.) liners are used for large volume injection in capillary gas chromatography with the aim to simplify and/or improve off-line sample pretreatment proecdures. A simple procedure for optimization of large volume PTV injection is described. The system performance, i.e. linearity and repeatability, is evaluated for polar nitrogen/phosphorus containing pesticides (PTV-GC-NPD) and organochlorine pesticides (PTV-GC-ECD) in river water extracts as well as for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in river sediment (PTV-GC-MS).
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190203
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