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  • 1965-1969  (422)
  • 1967  (422)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (422)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of exercise and tenectomy on the morphology of a muscle nerveSupported in part by funds provided by the Graduate College of the University of Iowa. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 159 (1967), S. 105-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effects of decreased and increased levels of muscular activity on the morphology of the medial gastrocnemius nerve were investigated in male albino rats assigned to tenectomy, control and exercise groups. Nerve fiber diameter and the number of constituent myelinated fibers were measures obtained from images of transverse sections projected onto drawing paper.The mean values for the tenectomised animals for nerve fiber diameter (X = 7.41 ± 0.13 μ) and number of nerve fibers (X = 223 ± 5.4) are significantly lower than the means of the control animals (X fiber diameter = 7.96 ± 0.14 μ; X number of fibers = 247 ± 5.2). Associated with these changes is a marked atrophy of the gastrocnemius muscle.A single bout of exercise (running in an activity cage) did not produce changes in nerve fiber diameter (X = 7.58 ± 0.17 μ) nor in the number of nerve fibers (X = 238 + 5.0). Moreover, an eight-week exercise program consisting of running on a treadmill had no significant effect on mean nerve fiber diameter (X = 8.04 ± 0.18 μ) nor in the number of nerve fibers (X = 231 ± 6.3).Correlations between gastrocnemius muscle weight and mean nerve fiber diameter or number of nerve fibers revealed no significant relationships. It was concluded that only the tenectomy data supported the theory of interdependency of muscle and nerve.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091590114
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two cases of intersex in rabbits (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 159 (1967), S. 127-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A description is given of two intersex rabbits, which appeared to be females and, in the course of an experiment, were injected with chorionic gonadotrophin, and then matted with a male. When the animals were sacrificed six days later, the reproductive system was found to be absent except for testes located in the abdomen. On histological examination of the gonads, large amounts of interstitial tissue were found, together with immature seminiferous tubules. The tubules contained large atypical cells, spermatogonia and Sertoli cells. The chromosome number and karyotype, as determined from bone marrow, were male in each case. The intersex pattern and the morphology of the large cells within the seminiferous tubules are discussed.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091590202
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  • 3
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    Electronic Resource
    Fine structure of nerve terminals in the human gutThis investigation was supported, in part, by grant NB-01879-08 of the United States Public Health Service, Institute of Neurological Diseases and Blindness; in part by the Dysautonomia Association, Inc., New York, New York. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 159 (1967), S. 131-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An electron microscopical investigation was made of neuronal terminals in operatively removed human duodenum and jejunum. No intraepithelial neuronal elements were found. The lamina propria mucosae, submucosa and muscular layer possessed, in addition to large bundles of unmyelinated nerve fibers, small ones consisting of three or four axons wrapped by infoldings of one Schwann cell. Some of these axons were light; others contained mitochondria and clear vesicles measuring 200-500 Å across. Still other axons had dense-cored vesicles with a diameter ∼ 700 Å. The plasma membranes of vesiculated axons were not thickened and only in part invested by the Schwann cell, but were covered by a basement membrane. Such profiles were interpreted as nerve terminals, and were separated from fibers of the muscularis mucosae, bases of epithelial cells and submucous capillaries by interspaces measuring 5,000-6,800 Å. The gap between neuronal terminals and smooth muscle in the muscular wall was smaller (900 Å, more often 1,500-3,000 Å). The myenteric plexus contained nerve bundles consisting of the usual axons and of preterminals; some of the latter contained small clear vesicles, others predominantly larger granulated vesicles, and still others a mixture of both types of vesicles. The similarities and differences of neuronal terminals occurring in animals and in man were pointed out. The significance of the findings of this study was discussed in the light of current concepts of the physiology of autonomic nerve transmission.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091590203
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  • 4
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    Electronic Resource
    A radioautographic study of cell proliferation in the mammary gland of the pregnant mouseThis investigation was supported by grant HD-01009 from the U. S. Public Health Service. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 159 (1967), S. 239-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Proliferation of the mammary gland epithelium on days 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, and 19 pregnancy has been studied in mice, by means of radioautography. Each animal received an intraperitoneal injection of 25°c of tritiated thymidine and was killed one hour later. The inguinal mammary glands were processed for paraffin sectioning and radioautographs prepared using the dipping technique. The rate of mammary epithelial cell proliferation was quantitated for each animal by determining the percent of labeled epithelial cells in a large sample (〉 2000 cells) of cells (labeling index).The data showed that the proliferative activity of the mammary epithelium during pregnancy followed a bimodal distribution. The first evidence of a proliferative response to pregnancy was noted on day 3. By day 4, the labeling index reached a maximum of 25.3%. The labeling index declined on days 6 and 8 to 7.5% and 8.0% respectively. On day 12, the labeling index increased to 12.1%, then fell to 7.9% and 1.3% on day 16 and 19, respectively.Separate labeling indexes were determined for the interlobular epithelium (ducts) on day 12, 16, and 19. The data showed that the labeling indexes of the interlobular and intralobular epithelium during these stages of pregnancy were not significantly different. The correlation of the hormones secreted during pregnancy with the data on mammary epithelial proliferation is discussed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091590213
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  • 5
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    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of the in vivo incorporation of S35 methionine by two-celled mouse eggs and blastocysts (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 159 (1967), S. 249-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Five-day-old mouse blastocysts were transferred into the oviducts of recipients on the second day of pregnancy. S35 methionine was then injected into the recipients and the blastocysts and native 2-celled eggs were recovered six hours later. Radioautographs reveal that the blastocysts incorporate S35 methionine while exposed to the tubal environment to the same degree that they would in the uterus. However, the 2-celled eggs in the same oviducal environment incorporate little or no methionine. It is therefore concluded that the difference in the incorporation of S35 methionine is due to maturational changes in the blastocyst rather than to a deficiency of the labelled amino acid in the tubal lumen.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091590302
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  • 6
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    Microradiography of intrapulmonary bronchial veins of the dogSupported by National Institutes of Health grants HE 06780-05 and HE 08932-03. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 159 (1967), S. 255-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Microradiographs of 100-300 μ slices of dog lungs which had pulmonary veins injected with barium sulphate showed good filling of brochial veins. Bronchial veins joined pulmonary veins at frequent intervals along the longitudinal axis and around the circumference of bronchi. Frequently, pulmonary veins and pulmonary capillaries entered the bronchial venous system, suggesting venous flow from lung to bronchus. Single veins along the margin of small bronchi (1 mm) received both pulmonary venous and bronchial venous blood. Therefore, there was a particularly intimate relationship between pulmonary and bronchial veins. The submucous venous plexus was prominent and was composed of thin-walled, 50 μ-diameter veins which had surprisingly direct connections to pulmonary veins. The proximity of a large venous plexus to the airway lumen suggested that oxygen transport could occur, thereby reducing venous admixture of the arterial blood.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091590303
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  • 7
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    Electronic Resource
    The effect of bilateral or unilateral adrenalectomy and bilateral thyroidectomy on the anterior pituitary of perinatal ratsThis work was supported by USPHS Research grant TW 00161 from the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 159 (1967), S. 357-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Measurements of volume of the anterior pituitary and diameter of pituitary cells and differential counts of acidophilic and basophilic cells were made under normal or experimental condition of bilateral or unilateral adrenalectomy or bilateral thyroidectomy in late fetal and newborn rats. The pituitary volume showed a consistent rise from the twentieth day of pregnancy to the third day after birth, but not as rapidly relatively as did body weight. Just after birth, the cell diameter declined. Acidophilic and basophilic cells increased in per cent and stained more intensely.In fetuses, bilateral adrenalectomy caused an increase in both the “pituitary volume/body weight” ratio and the cell diameter. Unilateral adrenalectomy caused an increase in the cell diameter. Thyroidectomy showed an increase in both the cell diameter and the per cent of basophilic cells which were partially degranulated.In newborns, bilateral adrenalectomy caused the death of all operated rats. Unilateral adrenalectomy caused no significant change in all categories observed. Thyroidectomy showed an increase in per cent of basophilic cells, but not to the extent observed in fetuses. The basophilic cells were somewhat degranulated.The observations support the views that in the rat the pituitary-adrenal and pituitary-thyroid systems begin to function before birth and that the functioning of both systems is slightly reduced just after birth.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091590404
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  • 8
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    Electronic Resource
    Organ culture studies of hormone secretion in endocrine glands of fetal guinea pigs III. The relation of testicular hormone to sex differentiation of the reproductive ductsThese studies were supported in part by grants RG-5335 and AM-03628 from the United States Public Health Service and by the Nederlandse Organisatie voor Zuiver-Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (Z.W.O). (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967), S. 27-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A study of sex differentiation of the Wolffian and Müllerian ducts of fetal guinea pigs was made by an organ culture method, and the morphogenetic changes of the ducts in vitro were compared with those in vivo. A total of 19 reproductive tracts were explanted from fetuses 29-30 days old. The explants were cultured for nine days, with or without gonads. The Wolffian ducts degenerated in male tracts cultured without testes and in female tracts with or without ovaries, but they were maintained in male and female tracts cultured with one or two testes. The Müllerian ducts degenerated in all male tracts; in female tracts with or without ovaries they enlarged and coiled extensively and they were not inhibited when testes were cultured with the female tracts. It is concluded that in the guinea pig fetus at 29-30 days of age, the Wolffian ducts of both sexes have become androgen-dependent and that they are normally maintained in the male by testicular androgen. The Müllerian ducts of males were conditioned to degenerate before the time of explantation. The Müllerian ducts of females were not dependent upon ovarian hormone for their maintenance and development.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091570106
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  • 9
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    Androgen-induced masculinization in the ovariectomized and hysterectomized guinea pig (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967), S. 47-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Previously it had been demonstrated that daily injections of testosterone propionate (T.P.) will not induce male-like mounting nor clitoral hypertrophy in pregnant guinea pigs to the extent it will in non-pregnant females. In addition, administered progesterone had been shown effective producing a similar behavioral, but not somatic, “protection.” In an attempt to clarify the relationships of endogenous progesterone producing organs and this antiandrogen protective phenomenon the behavioral and somatic responses of females ovariectomized while pregnant and females hysterectomized (made pseudopregnant) while non-pregnant were studied.Guinea pigs were hysterectomized on the sixth day of their ovarian cycle and ovariectomized 60 days later. Additional groups of females were mated and then ovariectomized on the thirty-sixth or forty-sixth day of gestation. Groups of normal pregnant females, aborted females, and sham operated controls were also studied.All groups received daily injections of T.P. starting on the eighteenth day of pregnancy and continuing for the duration of the experiment (116 days). With these androgen treatments masculinization or protection from maculinization was evaluated on the basis of periodic sex behavior tests and on the basis of daily inspection of the external genitalia.The results indicate that protection from testosterone propionate-induced virilization is offered by exogenously administered progesterone as well as by an endogenous progestagen-producing structure such as the corpora lutea of the ovary in a hysterectomized female or the placenta in a pregnant animal. Some factor other than progesterone production is involved and the neural and somatic tissues exhibit different response thresholds.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091570108
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  • 10
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    Analysis of histophysiologic responses of the rat hypophysis to androgen treatmentWork presented here was supported by grant B-3371, U.S.P.H.S. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967), S. 117-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The concentrations of LH and FSH were measured in the blood and adenohypophyses of castrated male rats exposed to high levels of testosterone propionate for 1 to 18 weeks. In intact male and female rats, similarly treated for 1 to 5 weeks, blood levels could not be measured but pituitary hormone levels were. Histological study of the pituitary gonadotrophic cells of all groups revealed a striking correlation between their regression, in response to androgen treatment, and the decline in pituitary LH stores. No light-microscopic correlate of the marked, progressive increase in pituitary FSH concentration was detected. Thus, when the pituitary FSH:LH ratio had increased 90 fold, all gonadotrophs appeared inactive.Although these studies failed to reveal the specific cellular source(s) of FSH and LH, they did clarify several aspects of the dynamics of the pituitary secretory responses to orchidectomy and androgen treatment. In the light of this information, the suggestion is made that the greatest dichotomy between pituitary FSH and LH stores is not coincident with  -  and probably occurs later than  -  that between LH and FSH secretion. Such asynchrony between the various phases of the FSH and LH secretory responses to these treatments (castration and/or androgen administration), may explain several seeming discrepancies among earlier reports on this subject.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091570203
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  • 11
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    Effect of a single dose of anti-LH-serum at proestrus on the rat estrous cycleA preliminary report of some of this work was presented at the 47th Meeting of the Endocrine Society, June, 1965.This investigation was supported in part by U.S.P.H.S. grants HD 00440 and A 3064. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967), S. 137-149 
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    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Previous studies have shown that pentobarbital administration at 2 p.m. of proestrus in the rat blocks ovulation and the drop in pituitary LH content normally seen at estrus; these data were interpreted as indicating that the drug acted by blocking LH release. Signs of prolongation of estrogen secretion were seen in these rats and, in the absence of further treatment, ovulation occurred 24 hours later. In the present study a single dose of anti-ovine-LH-serum administered at 1 p.m. of proestrus also blocked ovulation, but did not prevent the drop in pituitary content on the moring of “estrus.” Therefore, one may conclude that this blockade was the result of preventing the peripheral effects of LH on the ovary. The antiserum blockade did not produce prolongation of estrogen secretion and no rat ovulated within the next four days. During this time pituitary LH content was normal, as were ovarian and uterine weight, although large follicles, rather than recent corpora lutea, were seen in the ovary. Six rats were followed until the next vaginal cornification (by 6 days); only three of the six had ovulated by day seven. The contrast between the sequelae of pentobarbital and antiserum blockade is interpreted in the light of a new theory of regulation of reproductive cyclicity in the rat.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091570204
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  • 12
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    A double replication of a “small-sample” study of the sexual behavior of DBA/2J male miceThese investigations were supported in part by Post-doctoral Fellowship MF-9688 from the National Institute of Mental Health, Public Health Service, and in part by Research grant GM-07495 from the Institute of General Medical Sciences, Public Health Service. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967), S. 151-153 
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    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The sexual behavior scores of three different groups of DBA/2J male mice, run at different times of the year, in two different places, and by different observers, were compared. Of 46 comparisons, two revealed statistically significant differences. It was hypothesized that one measure (% Move) was subject to much environmentally determined variation, while for the other measure (III), the significant difference may have been due to sampling error.Furthermore, substitution of the data resulting from either replication for the data of the DBA/2J males of the original study did not result in any changes as regards significant differences in sexual behavior among DBA/2J, C57BL, and BALB/c male mice. The results, in general, supported the hypothesis that intensive study of a small sample from an inbred strain would yield replicable results.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091570205
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  • 13
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    Relation between the size of ovarian isografts and abnormal reproductive cycles in the mouseSupported by U.S.P.H.S. Research Grant CA-02880. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967), S. 155-161 
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    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Groups of 10 to 14 castrated female BALB / c mice received viable uni- or bilateral intraocular isografts of one-eighth or of one-thirty-second of an ovary. Ten other animals remained intact. At biopsy five months later, the mammary glands of all animals showed little or no stimulation. Most animals with one or two one-eighth or two one-thirty-second, grafts had shown normal vaginal and ovarian cycles prior to this time, but some had been in continuous metestrus and had acyclic grafts with vesicular follicles. Most animals with one one-thirty-second grafts were similarly in metestrus, but some were in diestrus with grafts lacking follicular structures. At autopsy eight months after grafting, almost all mice with one or two one-eighth grafts had alveolar proliferaiton with secretion in the mammary glands. All were in continuous metestrus with acyclic grafts, and most had uterine cystic hyperplasia and peri-medullary adrenal degeneration. At the same time, slightly more and slightly less than a half of the mice with one or two one-thirty-second grafts, respectively, showed these same abnormalities. Intact mice were devoid of them. The development of this mammary-uterine-adrenal syndrome appeared to be directly related to grafted ovarian tissue per se and to the size of the grafts. It may depend upon a pituitary-ovarian imbalance with a failure of LH release.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091570206
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  • 14
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    Species differences in egg transport in response to exogenous estrogen (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967), S. 163-172 
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    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effect of exogenous estrogen on tubal transport of ova was determined in the guinea pig, hamster, mouse, rabbit and rat. The animals were given a single injection of estradiol cyclopentylpropionate (ECP) shortly after mating. The dose of ECP required to interrupt pregnancy in 80% or more of the animals was as follows: guinea pig (10 μg); hamster (25 μg); mouse (1 μg); rabbit (50 μg); rat (10 μg). Acceleration of egg transport through the oviduct occurred after the following doses of ECP: guinea pig (50-100 μg); hamster (100 μg); mouse (1 μg and above); rabbit (25 μg); rat (10 μg and above). Hence, the amount of estrogen which accelerates egg transport in the guinea pig and hamster is considerably higher than the dose which interrupts pregnancy.Retentionof ova for longer than the normal period of tubal passage (tube-locking) resulted from the following doses of ECP: guinea pig (250 μg); hamster (250 μg); mouse (1 μg); rabbit (100 μg); rat (no dose). In the species in which ova were tubelocked, the majority of eggs were located at the ampullary-isthmic junction rather than the utero-tubal region of the oviduct.Tube-locking of ova was never observed in the rat; ECP always caused premature entry of eggs into the uterus and eventual expulsion per vaginam. For example, eggs passed through the cervix by 12 hours after the administration of 250 μg ECP at day 1 of pregnancy.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091570207
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  • 15
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    Sexual behavior patterns in the prepubertally castrate ratSupported by grant GB-914 from the National Science Foundation. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967), S. 181-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Prepubertally castrate female rats are capable of showing the lordosis response when given replacement therapy with female sex steroids, regardeless of age at which the ovaries are removed post birth, or when replacement therapy is commenced after adulthood. Estrogen alone is reraly a sufficient stimulus for behavioral estrus. Therefore the natural physiological trigger for estrous behavior in the rat is likely estrogen plus progesterone. Prepubertally castrate male or female rats never showed any male or female behavior following androgen implant in the brain. All rats castrated on day three or ealier, and given implants of estrogen plus progesterone in the preoptic hypothalamic area displayed the lordosis response. Thus the female sex response pattern is present in both sexes in the absence of gonadal hormones from birth. Brain development in the male castrate at birth does not appear to be identical to brain development in the female castrate at birth because a number of males showed the complete male sexual response pattern plus the female response pattern following neural implant of estrogen plus progesteron. The genotypic male thus appears to possess the information necessary to produce the neural connections for male and female sexual response patterns. Androgen acting at birth disrupts the development of the feminine response pattern so that the adult male ordinarily displays only the copulatory pattern.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091570209
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  • 16
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    Relationships of leydig cell characteristics and intratesticular testosterone levels to sexual activity in the African elephant (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967), S. 191-196 
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    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Histological characteristics of testis tissues from 25 African elephants (Loxodonta africana) collected in Uganda, showed no consistent relationships among the following variables: Leydig cell size, cytoplasmic characteristics, and abundance; testicular testosterone content; and age. From these findings, plus field observations of sexual behavior, emerges the hypothesis that individual cyclicity in Leydig cell function was inherent in the elephant population studied. Testosterone content of testes from 32 elephants (including the 25 studied histologically) suggested that lone bulls were not of a senile nature since they contained relatively large quantities of testosterone and were relatively young (from about 12 to 25 years of age). Also, lone bulls were observed searching out estrous females. Among bulls collected from family units and herds, testosterone levels and behavior differed conspicuously. Behavior appeared to be directly related to testosterone content in several instances. Nonaggressive behavior among members of bull herds, plus the high proportion of such aggressive behavior among members of bull herds, plus the high proportion of such individuals with low testosterone content, suggest that some of these animals were in a depressed phase of sexual activity whereas others were undergoing pubertal development.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091570210
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  • 17
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    The effects of ovarian hormones on uterine phosphatases of the rhesus monkey (Macaca Mulatta) (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967), S. 465-479 
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    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Endometrial acid and alkaline phosphatases were studied histochemically in rhesus monkeys treated with various combinations of estrogen (E, 17β-estradiol and/or estriol), progesterone (P) and relaxin (R) or a low potent relaxin control preparation (NRF). In the cells of the uterine glands of the E-treated animal, the apical cytoplasm showed intense activity of both phosphatases. This estrogenic response was depressed in the stratum functionale by P and in the stratum basale by PR. With E, acid phosphatase-staining granules appeared in scattered stromal cells with eccentric nuclei. Addition of P or PR increased the number of acid phosphatase positive stromal cells, especially in the stratum functionale. With the exception of the sinus-like channels and superficial vessels of the stratum functionale of monkeys treated with ER and EPR, all endothelium of capillary and precapillary vessels was rich in alkaline phosphatase activity. Thus, acid alkaline phosphatases appear to be metabolically important components of the endometrium which undergo cyclic variation and reflect specific influences of the ovarian hormones; estrogens, progesterone and relaxin. The implications to human menstrual physiology are discussed.
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    Cell proliferation in the mammary gland during late pregnancy and lactationThis investigation was supported by grant HD-01009 from the U.S. Public Health Service. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967), S. 489-503 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Nulliparous, CFW mice were injected with 25 m̈c of tritiated thymidine on day 19 of pregnancy, and days 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15 and 20 of lactation. The animals were killed one hour after injection. The inguinal mammary glands were removed and processed for paraffin sectioning. Radioautographs were prepared, using the dipping technique.Quantitation of mammary epithelial cell proliferation for the intra- and interlobular (ducts) epithelium was performed by determining the percent of labeled epithelial cells in a large sample of cells (labeling index). It was concluded that epithelial cell sample sizes of 1,000-2,000 cells were adequate to measure mammary epithelial proliferation. A wave of epithelial proliferation was observed during early lactation. In the intralobular epithelium, a peak labeling index of 11.1% was attained on day two of lactation whereas a peak labeling index of 7.9% was observed on day three of lactation in the interlobular epithelium. Cells of the connective tissue and vascular bed proliferated in response to the growth of the mammary epithelium. Myoepithelial cells were frequently labeled on days two and three of lactation.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091570309
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  • 19
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    Comparative anatomical and neurohistological observations on the tongues of elephants (Elephas indicus and Loxodonta africana)A part of this work was read at the 32nd Anatomical Meeting of Kanto District, May 14, 1966, Tokyo. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967), S. 505-515 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Frozen sections from Indian and African elephant tongues were investigated neurohistologically. On the dorsum there are 3 to 5 vallate papillae. Foliate papillae consisting of 18 to 27 clefts are observed in the posterolateral region of the tongue. Wart-like papillae are distributed along the lateral border of the tongue from the foliate papillae region to the apex. Vallate and foliate papillae contain serous glands but have no taste buds. They are supplied with abundant lamellated corpuscles of Pacinian type in their upper mucosa. The wart-like papillae are composed of two or more papillae, each of which has many secondary papillae supplied with plexiform thin and thick nerves. They bear a few taste buds and contain lamellated corpuscles of Pacinian type.From these neurohistologic characteristics wart-like papillae should be regarded as a receptive organ for secretion of the lingual glands. Lamellated corpuscles of Pacinian type are widely distributed over the whole surface of the tongue. The histologic location of these two structures is of interest in suggesting that they together play important roles as receptors of taste and tactile sensations during mastication of food. Double motor end plates are found on single muscle fibers. The mixed glands which are plentiful in the inferolateral area of the tongue are in close topographic relation with the wart-like papillae.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091570310
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  • 20
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    The fine structure of the ductuli efferentes of the opossumSupported by grant GB-2651 from the National Science Foundation and by grant 1 RO 1 GM 14435-01 from USPHS. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967), S. 559-575 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The fine structure of the straight portions of the ductuli efferentes of the opossum were studied by light and electron microscopy. Two cell types, a ciliated and non-ciliated cell, characterize the simple columnar epithelium that lines the ductuli. The non-ciliated cell possesses an extraneous coating of the luminal plasma-lemma, aggregations of apical canaliculi, and vacuoles of varying density distributed in the supranuclear cytoplasm. Such morphological criteria have been regarded as suggestive evidence for absorptive function. The epithelium rests upon a thick basement membrane beneath which are variable amounts of smooth muscle and connective tissue elements.Observations of the structure of the simple squamous epithelium lining the processus vaginalis are reported.Myelinated and unmyelinated nerves are found in the adnexa of the ductuli. These are enclosed in a thin, cellular investment, the innermost layer of which is usually incomplete. This cellular wrapper is considered a “perineural epithelium” but its characteristics are at variance with those found in the recent literature.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091570403
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  • 21
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    Erythropoiesis in the bone marrow of the fetal rabbitSupported by Research grant HE-04061-08 (HEM) from the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967), S. 589-605 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Although the extravascular origin of erythrocytes from undifferentiated mesenchymal or reticular cells in mammalian bone marrow is generally accepted, the morphological evidence on which this concept is based has not conclusively ruled out the possibility of endothelial cell contributions to erythropoeisis or of the preferential localization of developing erythrocytes within endothelial cell-lined spaces. Since conventional methods of tissue preparation have produced artifacts which obscure the fine details of marrow architecture, the re-examination of this problem using newer histological and fixation methods permits a more critical study of the bone marrow in nearly artifact free sections.Ribs and long bones of 65 rabbits, ranging from 18 days of gestation to the second day after birth were removed, fixed intact with 10% aqueous acrolein, decalcified in 5% aqueous nitric acid and embedded in plexiglass-methacrylate. Two micron sections stained with toluidine blue were examined with the light microscope. Serial paraffin sections of formal-Zenker fixed material also were examined.Morphological studies conclusively indicate that erythrocytes develop extravascularly arising from mesenchymal or reticular cells in the fetal bone marrow. Mature erythrocytes enter the circulation through discontinuities in the sinusoidal walls. Neither endothelial cells or blood-borne lymphocytes make an apparent contribution to erythropoiesis. The first hemopoietic cells to form in the fetal marrow are determined and develop along the erythrocytic line. These proerythroblasts initially arise randomly in the marrow parenchyma and are not in obvious association with the sinusoids. Subsequent maturation and proliferation of the primitive erythrocytic cells result in the formation of colonies of erythrocytic cells at all stages of development. As these colonies enlarge, the erythrocytic elements come in close association with the sinusoids. In later stages of marrow development, developing erythrocytic and granulocytic cells become intermixed and more randomly associated in the extravascular space of the marrow.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091570405
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    Interneocortical connections in the opossum, Didelphis virginianaThis work was supported by the General Research Support Grant of the United States Public Health Service. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967), S. 607-615 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Discrete neocortical lesions were placed in the brains of 12 opossums. After a survival time of 1 to 3 weeks, the brains were subjected to the Nauta-Gygax technique for degenerating axons or to the Swank-Davenport modification of the Marchi technique for degenerating myelin. A partial hemispherectomy was performed on the brains of two additional animals. The entire intact hemisphere opposite the lesion was then subjected to the Nauta-Gygax technique.The results of histological examination indicate that fibers cross extensively in the anterior commissure from all areas of the neocortex. Degenerating fibers passed from each of the neocortical lesions into the ipsilateral external capsule. It was by means of the external capsule that they entered the anterior commissure. After crossing in the anterior commissure, the degenerating fibers passed into the contralateral external capsule and subsequently terminated on cells in the homotypic cortex opposite the lesion. Some fibers, however, terminated in non homotypic cortical areas. Fibers, particularly from the more dorsally placed lesions, also crossed in the hippocampal commissure. The results support the concept that a portion of the anterior commissure of certain marsupials is homologous to the corpus callosum of higher forms.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091570406
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    Further observations on resorption in guinea pigs following injections of trypan blue (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967), S. 617-620 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Pregnant guinea pigs were injected with 2 ml of either 1% saline or 1% trypan blue of the eleventh day of gestation and sacrificed on days 12, 13, 14, 15 or 20 or laparotomized on day 15, examined for implantation sites and sacrificed on days 25, 30 or 35.Trypan blue increases both the number or pregnancies affected and the number of embryos resorbed within 24 hours after injection. Laparotomy on day 15 augmented the above effects in both saline and trypan blue-injected females. This increase is superimposed upon the number of resorptions already established for the two groups. Evidence is presented which suggests that resorption of guinea pig embryos can be so complete as to leave no indication of the original presence of the embryo or its placenta. This can occur within as few as five days.
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    Cell architecture in the papillary layer of rat incisor enamel organ at the stage of enamel maturation (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967), S. 683-697 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Shape and arrangement of cells and extent of intercellular spaces were studied in sections of enamel organ cut in three planes: at right angles to the axis of the incisor tooth, at right angles to the axis of the ameloblasts, and parallel to the axes of the incisor and ameloblasts.The cells in contact with the base of the ameloblasts make up the proximal part of the papillary layer. They have a polygonal cross section close to the ameloblasts and point several sheet-like cell processes towards the blood vessels which invaginate in the papillary layer. Intercellular spaces of constant width pervade the proximal part and provide a direct and straight communication between blood vessels and ameloblasts.The cells of the ridges make up the distal part of the papillary layer, and are flattened in the direction of the ridges. Intercellular spaces in the ridges are narrower than in the proximal part and visible with the light microscope only during a fraction of the enamel maturation period.No distinct cell layers are visible within the papillary layer during enamel maturation. All cells in the papillary layer may be in contact with the basement membrane investing the enamel organ. The structure of the papillary layer changes with the different phases of enamel maturation. Functional aspects of the papillary layer are briefly discussed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091570413
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    Brain abnormalities in early chick embryos infected with influenza-a virusThis investigation was supported by Public Health Service grant HD 00310 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 158 (1967), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Chick embryos were inoculated with influenza-A virus over the blastoderm at 42-50 hours incubation (37°C). Surviving embryos were harvested 24 hours later, Grossly and microscopically, the developing brain exhibits a type of abnormality in which the neural wall is highly convoluted with folds projecting into the ventricular cavities, suggesting “overgrowth” of the neural tissue.A comparison of measurements on projection drawings of serial sections of virus inoculated and control embryos at comparable developmental stages indicates that the ventricular surface area, volume of brain tissue and volume of the ventricular cavity are markedly less in the experimental embryos, but average thickness of the brain wall is greater. There are fewer nuclei and mitotic figures in experimental embryos, although average nuclear and mitotic densities and mitotic index are approximately the same as control values.It is evident that the characteristic neural defect is not due to excessive growth, since the volume of brain tissue and number of cells are consistently less in experimental embryos. It is concluded that the virus infection results in an inhibition of growth of the brain wall, and that the increased thickness and foldings must result from collapse of the brain which in turn may be due to a decrease in the amount of ventricular fluid.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091580102
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    The origin of intra-arterial cells in the pregnant uterus of the macaque (Macaca mulatta) (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 158 (1967), S. 111-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An investigation into the source of the cells present in the endometrial arteries of the pregnant Macaque is presented. By comparing the levels of sex chromatin found in these cells with those in fetal cytotrophoblast and in maternal endometrial stroma it was possible to determine that they are essentially of fetal origin.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091580112
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    Congenital malformations in nonhuman primates: Spontaneous and experimentally inducedSupported by NIH grants HD-00607, HE 06379 and DE 02012. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 158 (1967), S. 99-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An attempt to survey spontaneous teratogeny among nonhuman primates bred under laboratory conditions revealed interesting but nonconclusive results. Data on controlled breeding in 2950 animals representing 12 species yielded an estimated incidence of 0.44% malformations. No indication was found that other primates display more malformations than man, and the limited information available suggests that there may be fewer spontaneous defects in nonhuman forms.Macaques and baboons appear to respond in a similar manner and to the same types of extrinsic agents as does man. Thalidomide, Rubella virus and androgenic hormones produce similar defects in comparable dosage at equivalent stages in development in both groups. Several other agents thought not to be teratogenic in man have been realistically tested in primates and also found to be non-teratogenic.Using thalidomide an attempt was made to determine the degree of sensitivity and delimit the susceptible period of Macaca mulatta to this drug. Typical limb malformations were obtained with a single dose of as little as 16 mg/kg between the twenty-fifth and thirtieth days of gestation. Comparable doses at earlier and later ages were without effect, thus defining the susceptible period. In addition, evidence of a positive dose-response relation and of a cephalocaudal gradient in teratogenesis was obtained.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091580111
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    Electron microscopic observations on the membrane systems of the rat blood platelet (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 158 (1967), S. 121-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Rat blood platelets have two membrane systems in their cytoplasm. One, named the surface connected system (SCS), consists of vacuoles and large cavities which are in continuity with the plasma membrane. The inner surfaces of the membranes of this system have, in common with the plasma membrane, a thin coat of an amorphous substance which probably consists of acid mucopolysaccharides.The other system, named the dense tubular system (DTS), consists of slender membrane-bound tubules which contain a homogeneous, rather electron dense substance. The DTS is not continuous with the plasma membrane or the SCS.Rat blood platelets incorporate various foreign substances in vivo and in vitro; these substances are first adsorbed to the amorphous cell coat and subsequently taken into the SCS.It is suggested that the uptake of material by rat blood platelets reflects a membrane flow from the surface membrane to the SCS, and that the process is not phagocytic in nature since segregation and digestion of the incorporated material do not seem to take place.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091580203
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    The relationship of histochemically reactive histidine to histidase activity in the epidermis of growing ratsThis work was supported by a grant from The John A. Hartford Foundation. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 158 (1967), S. 139-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The histochemical localization of histidine in the epidermis and its relationship to skin histidase activity was described in rats varying in age from 17 days post-coitum to 240 days post partum. In the fetal rat, the earliest histidase activity developed coincidentally with the first appearance of stainable histidine in the keratohyalin granules. In the neonatal period, histidase activity increased rapidly to several times the normal adult levels, corresponding in time to a period when the epidermal histidine-containing zone was especially thick. As the thickness of this zone varied in subsequent periods during the life of the rat, parallel changes were observed in epidermal histidase activity suggesting the existence of a close interrelationship of histidine and histidase at the site of epidermal keratinization during the maturation of normal skin.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091580204
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    Electrophoretic patterns of proteins in the blastocoelic fluid of the rabbit following ovariectomyThis investigation was supported in part by USPHS research grants HD 00585-03 and HD 01013-03 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Scientific Paper 2878, College of Agriculture Research Center, Project 1698. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 158 (1967), S. 115-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A total of 286 blastocysts were recovered 6 to 8 days post coitum (p.c.) from untreated or ovariectomized rabbits. The weight of the blastocyst and the volume of the blastocoelic fluid increased at a linear rate from seven to seven and one-half days p.c., thereafter they increased more rapidly. The weight of the embryonic tissue did not change appreciably between seven and eight days p.c. The appearance of protein in the fluid was dependent on the stage of development, albumin being first detectable at six days p.c. Seven days p.c., β-globulin was detectable, followed by α- and γ-globulins (seven and one-quarter days p.c.) and fibrinogen (seven and one-half days p.c.). Seven and one-half days p.c., the electrophoretic distribution of proteins was qualitatively similar to that of the maternal serum and peritoneal fluid, however, quantitatively different. Ovariectomy at six days p.c. had no effect 24 hours later on blastocyst growth or blastocoelic fluid volume. In contrast, ovariectomy at six and one-half days p.c. had a negative effect 24 hours later on blastocyst growth, blastocoelic fluid enhancement and albumin accumulation in the fluid. These latter three phenomena were alleviated by administration of progesterone.
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    Studies on the thymus of the mammal XV. Sites of aminopeptidase activity in the thymus of the mouseThis investigation was supported by research grant CA-01558 from the National Institutes of Health, U. S. Public Health Service. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 158 (1967), S. 149-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Sites of aminopeptidase activity in the thymus of the mouse were compared in material incubated in L-leucyl-beta-naphthylamide and in L-leucyl-4-methoxy-beta-naphthylamide hydrochlorides as substrates. Sites of activity were most clearly demonstrated in frozen sections, postfixed in cold acetone, incubated in L-leucyl-4-methoxy-beta-naphthylamide hydrochloride with Naphthanil Diazo Blue B and mounted in glycerogel.In thymuses of young mice, septa, medullary arteries and arterial capillaries were most strongly stained. Cortical lymphocytes and most medullary lymphocytes lacked aminopeptidase activity. In older mice, the high reactivity of the medulla contrasted sharply with the mostly unreactive cortex. In the medulla, the walls of the blood vessels, mesenchymal reticular cells and lymphocytes in the region of blood vessels were reactive. In the cortex, capsule, septa, and arterial capillaries were reactive; mesenchymal reticular cells, weakly so, and lymphocytes, unreactive. It would appear that much of the activity demonstrated by biochemical methods applied to thymic homogenates is a measure of reactive blood vessels and medullae. The general reaction of the medulla and the presence there of scattered, highly reactive cells lends added weight to the conclusion that the metabolic activities within the medulla are not the same as in the cortex.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091580205
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    Comparative study of human internal iliac artery based on adachi classification (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 158 (1967), S. 191-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This study is based upon a dissection of 167 pelvic halves of Caucasian bodies. The distribution of the four major types, as based upon the Adachi classification, corresponds closely to that of the Western populations. The composite group has a distribution almost identical with the Japanese population studied by Adachi. No instances of the rare Type V were encountered. One unusual specimen which we have designated as Type VI is described.
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    Comparative anatomical and neurohistological observations on the tongue of slow loris (Nycticebus coucang)A part of this work was read at the 10th Annual Meeting of the Society for Primate Researches, March 12-13, 1966, Inuyama. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 158 (1967), S. 163-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: On the dorsum of the slow loris tongue there are three vallate papillae, arranged in an inverted V-shape. They contain abundant plexiform nerves and isolated nerve cells but have many taste buds only in its sides, closely associated with the subgemmal nerve plexus. Some ducts of serous glands locating deeply in this region directly open on the upper surface passing through the papilla. No foliate papillae are observed in the posterolateral region of the tongue, but instead of them is found a papilla of fungiform type, which wholly contains abundant plexiform nerves and has a furrow without serous gland ducts and taste buds. Furthermore, its summit is at the same level as the surface and same as its base in diameter, and has embryonic taste buds. From these neurohistologic characteristics this papilla should be regarded as an interformed papilla between the foliate and the ordinary fungiform papillae. Tongue lyssa consisting of hyalin cartilage and striated muscles innervated with motor end plate and simple sensory nerves seems to play a role as receptive organ of the tongue. Underneath the tongue is found well-developed sublingua, which consists of hyalin cartilaginous skeleton and mucosa but has no taste buds. From segmental arrangement of neurovascular spaces in the skeleton it may be an ancestral structure of the tongue.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091580206
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    A technique for the light microscopy of tissues fixed for fine structureSupported by grant HE 09041 from the National Institutes of Health, United States Public Health Service, under the direction of Dr. Frank N. Low. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 158 (1967), S. 223-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Young adult female rats were perfused with buffered aldehydes. Selected tissues were prepared for light microscopy by standard techniques. The only procedural modifications permitted were those required by the special physical and chemical characteristics of the tissue. Extreme brittleness called for special precautions in all manipulative steps from excision to final embedment. Turbulence during the early stages of dehydration was lessened by drop-by-drop addition of the next concentration of ethanol. High melting-point paraffins and celloidin-paraffin embedments were used to accommodate the hardness of the tissues and to prevent disarrangement during mounting. Steel knives specially sharpened with fine abrasives on plate glass were fitted with fluid reservoirs. Four micron sections were obtained routinely. Sections were transferred individually from the reservoir to glass slides. The common dyes used in light micoscopy tended to overstain these tissues. This tendency was overcome by using shorter exposure times, lower concentrations and blocking agents. The chromatic staining techniques familiar to histologists and pathologists were useful after minor modifications.
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    A method for intracardial injections on ratsThis investigation was supported by a USPHS grant HD 00177 from the National Institue of Child Health and Human Development, Public Health Service. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 158 (1967), S. 245-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A method for applicating liquid material into the circulation of rats via the heart is described and the applicability is exemplified in some illustrations.
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    Erratum (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 158 (1967), S. 248-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091580214
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    Masthead (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 158 (1967) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091580301
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    Editorial (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 158 (1967), S. 249-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091580302
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    Masthead (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 159 (1967) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091590401
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    Time of transuterine migration and distribution of embryos in the pigThis investigation was supported in part by Public Health Service Research grant HD 01987 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 159 (1967), S. 325-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The time of intrauterine migration and spacing of embryos was determined in 36 gilts with one oviduct occluded, and in 48 gilts with one ovary. Embryos could enter the uterus from one oviduct only. Uteri of seven pregnant gilts were examined on each of days 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 15 of gestation. Migration of embryos from one horn to the other usually occurred first on day 8 or 9. The uterus was occupied completely by day 15. Rate of migration and distribution of embryos was not affected by number of embryos, number of corpora lutea, or by uterine length. Uterine length did not change between days 6 and 15. Bilateral ovariectomy after breeding was associated with arrested growth of embryos, a decreased rate of embryo migration and a reduction in uterine length.
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    Effects of cadmium upon the excurrent duct system of the rat testisThis research project was supported in part by the National Institutes of Health General Research Support Grant, and in part by the Ernest L. Woodward Fund, of the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry. A prehminary report of these studies was presented before the 78th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Anatomists, April, 1963 (Anat. Rec., 151: 382. 1965). (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 159 (1967), S. 311-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This report describes lesions observed in excurrent ducts of the testis in 152 of 518 rats, in the course of studies concerned with cadmium-induced testis injury and the actions of selenium and zinc, separately and combined, in protecting against such damage. All elements were injected subcutaneously, as soluble salts. Necropsy was usually five days (77% of rats) after cadmium injection, but lesions were observed within six hours.Ductuli efferentes showed variable degrees of sperm blockage, epithelial hyperplasia and metaplasia, periductal round cell infiltration, fibrosis and contraction. In 56 of 93 rats showing only ductuli lesions, testes were either normal or exhibited dilation of the rete testis and of variable numbers of seminiferous tubules, with or without “pressure degeneration” of the germinal epithelium. In the other 37 rats, the testes showed cadmium-induced injury.Lesions involving both ductuli efferentes and proximal segments of the caput epididymis (13 rats), or the latter alone (46 rats), tended to be associated with more severe testis damage. Epididymal lesions were characterized by focal proliferation and desquamation of duct epithelia, and formation of spermatoceles.The lesions observed were attributed primarily to ischemia, secondary to effects of cadmium upon the capillary bed of the tissues involved. However, their possible enhancement or modification by direct chemical action of cadmium, selenium or zinc upon the duct system or perivascular tissues could not be excluded.
    Additional Material: 26 Ill.
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    Myocardial ultrastructure and electrocardiograms of the hummingbird under normal and experimental conditionsSupported (in part) by the U.S. Public Health Service, General grant 1-S01-FR-05070-01 and by the Chicago and Illinois Heart Associations grant-in-aid N66-10. Presented in part at the American Society for Cell Biology Meeting on November 19, 1966, in Houston, Texas. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 159 (1967), S. 335-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Ventricular myocardium from several adult specimens of hummingbirds (Eupetomena macroura macroura) were subjected to study by electrocardiography and by light and electron microscopy under normal and experimental conditions as provided by injection of 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) and ether anesthesia. The birds were captured in Brazil, and were studied because of their high heart rates 428/460 minute on the average, seeking correlations of structure and function under normal conditions as well as after pharmacological stimuli. Under normal conditions, the hummingbird showed a highly developed sarcoplasmic reticulum, many gigantic mitochondrial with numerous tightly packed parallel mitochondrial cristae and tubules, and few small, dark bodies. The amount of sarcosomes is approximately equivalent to that of myofibrils. As seen in longitudinal sections of muscle fibers, often the junctions between successive mitochondria and both indentations of mitochondria and of the nuclear envelope occurred at the level of the Z bands. This gave the impression that contraction of the myofibrils shortened the nucleus and caused it to wrinkle. Most mitochondrial bulged at their middle as if they had been compressed between successive Z bands, suggesting a more resistant area at the level of these bands than in the rest of the myofibril. Almost no glycogen granules were found, probably because the high metabolic rate of the heart did not allow free storage of such carbohydrates.The administration of DNP was responsible for changes in the ECG (tachycardia and other alterations) and in the structure of the myocardium: large dilations in the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the appearance of small spaces in the mitochondria.
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    Differential collagen stain by an acid fuchsin, iron, flavianic acid mixture. A note on ferrous sulfate hematoxylinSupported by National Cancer Institute grant C-4816, National Institutes of Health. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 159 (1967), S. 365-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Substitution of flavianic acid (50 mM) or of a stoichiometric mixture of naphthol yellow S and hydrochloric acid, in place of picric acid in Van Gieson type mixtures gives deeper yellow colors to cytoplasm, muscle and erythrocytes. Higher concentrations of acid fuchsin can be used with consequent greater density of collagen fiber staining and improved contrast.The familiar weakening of hematoxylin nuclear stains by exposure to Van Gieson mixtures can be largely avoided by inclusion of 0.1 M ferric chloride in the Van Gieson mixture. Alum hematoxylin can then be used in place of the unstable iron hematoxylin solutions, and the iron hematoxylin effect is attained by the iron postmordanting in the Van Gieson bath. A ten minute prestain in an alum hematoxylin containing 0.5% hematoxylin is adequate but density can be enhanced by longer staining or by staining at higher temperature; 5-10 min at 60°C is suggested. The iron containing flavianic or picric acid Van Gieson staining baths should be restricted to three minutes; longer exposures gradually weaken nuclear staining.Substitution of 0.1 M copper sulfate for the iron in the Van Gieson bath also yields dark gray to black nuclei. Aluminum chloride (0.1 M) has an effect similar to the control hydrochloric acid, while the chromium ion seems quite inferior, even to the control HCl mixture.A ferrous sulfate hematoxylin ripened overnight with a small amount of ferric chloride gives excellent progressive nuclear staining, adequate in 2-5 minutes, and not excessive in 30 minutes. The solution gradually deteriorates in 6-8 weeks.
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    Congenital anomalies induced in normal and adrenalectomized rats by amniocentesis (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 159 (1967), S. 353-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Sprague-Dawley rats, which are not susceptible to the teratogenic effects of adrenalectomy, adrenal corticoids, and corticotropin noted in other species, were subjected to amniocentesis and to amniocentesis plus adrenalectomy.Amniocentesis was shown to be teratogenic when performed at any time between the fourteenth and eighteenth gestational days inclusive, but no malformations occurred either in control fetuses or when amniocentesis was performed on the thirteenth day of gestation. Fetal resorptions were increased following single amniocentesis on any gestational day from the thirteenth to the eighteenth inclusive. The predominant defects induced were cleft palate and limb deformity. Cleft palate occurred only after amniocentesis on the fourteenth, fifteenth, or sixteenth days of gestation, principally on the fifteenth day. However, limb deformity, consisting primarily of malrotation, syndactyly, and varying degrees of agenesis, occurred following single amniocentesis on any day of gestation from the fourteenth to the eighteenth inclusive, but principally on the fifteenth day. Adrenalectomy did not alter significantly either the nature or the incidence of the anomalies induced by amniocentesis.The data indicate that amniocentesis is teratogenic in the rat, and that the adrenal glands are neither essential for, nor do they exert any detectable influence upon the induction of those malformations.
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    The effect of thiouracil, excess thyroxine and thyroidectomy on the ependymal cells with special reference to the subcommissural organSupported by grants from the Sigrid Jusélius Foundation, Helsinki, Finland and the National Research Council for Medical Sciences, Finland. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 159 (1967), S. 379-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effects of excess thyroxine, thiouracil and thyroidectomy upon the ependymal cells of the subcommissural organ, the choroid plexus and the wall of the caudal part of the third cerebral ventricle in the adult male albino rats were studied. A total of 203 rats were used. Thiouracil and thyroxine were administered orally, thyroidectomy was performed by means of radioiodine. Thiouracil was seen to diminish the ependymal nuclear volume especially in the subcommissural organ and in the wall of the third ventricle. Similar effects were observed by thyroidectomy, though the change was significant only in the ependyma covering the wall of the third ventricle. Excess thyroxine, again, increased nuclear volume of all ependymal cells studied. The changes could be observed over a period of 4-18 days. The signs of a return to normal after withdrawal of thyroxine and thiouracil were perceived after four days. Visual estimation revealed no clear change in aldehyde-fuchsin-positive “secretory material” in the subcommissural organ of any test group. The functional significance of the results is discussed.
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    Control of fertility in mammals by hormonal steroids (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967), S. 53-61 
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    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A review is presented of the effects of steroids having hormone-like activity upon the following reproductive processes in mammals: (a) spermatogenesis, (b) ovulation, (c) fertilization, (d) oviducal and uterine travel of the free ovum, and (e) blastocyst growth and implantation. Description is given of a number of natural and synthetic steroids which inhibit spermatogenesis and ovulation. By and large, estrogens are especially effective in the former and progestins in the latter, but aparently some species differences in response to potent substances do exist. Progestins have been shown to inhibit fertilization in experimental animals either through an effect on sperm travel or on sperm capacitation. The rapid expulsion of eggs from the fallopian tubes is accomplished by a variety of synthetic and natural estrogens upon administration in significant dosage in test animals. Decidualization and other processes related to implantation are also steroid labile.
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    Specificity of testosterone and estradiol in the differentiating neonatal ratSubmitted in partial fulfillment of the require-ments for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Oregon Medical School.Publication no. 218 of the Oregon Regional Primate Research Center. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967), S. 79-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Those components of sexual behavior characteristic of the adult intact male such as intromission and ejaculation, were inhibited in males receiving estradiol dipropionate within the first week of life. Neonatal treatment with testosterone propionate at corresponding ages did not disrupt the capacity for homotypic behavior when the males became adult. The expression of female behavior during adulthood was suppressed in female rats treated during a critical period of early postnatal life with testosterone propionate or estradiol dipropionate.Spermatogenesis was suppressed in males receiving the estrogen but not the androgen in early postnatal life, whereas ovulation was suppressed in females receiving the estrogen or androgen at corresponding periods.It was concluded that testosterone is compatible with the normal development of male sexual characteristics but that estradiol is not compatible with development of female sexual characteristics when administered during a critical period of differentiation. The specificity for androgen in adult males is postulated to be partly due to the presence of androgens during the critical period. The specificity for estrogen shown by females in adulthood is thought to be dependent upon the absence of estrogen and androgen during a corresponding developmental stage.
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    Hormonal determinants of the development of masculine and feminine behavior in male and female ratsThis paper is dedicated to the memory of William C. Young whose insights into the nature of the hormonal control of sexual behavior form the basis for the research and ideas presented here. This research was supported by grant HD-00893 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development of the USPHS, and by a USPHS Predoctoral Research Fellowship to D.A.E. The hormones used were generously supplied by P. Perlman of the Schering Corporation, Bloomfield, New Jersey. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967), S. 173-180 
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    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To investigate the role of gonadal hormones during the postnatal period on the development of masculine and feminine behavior 129 male and female rats were hormonally manipulated at birth. Within 24 hours of birth male and female rats were: (a) sham operated, (b) gonadectomized, (c) gonadectomized and given testosterone, or (d) gonadectomized and given estrogen. When adult all animals were given testosterone and tested for the display of male behavior, and then given estrogen and progesterone and tested for female behavior. Male behavior: Males exhibited mounting responses more frequently than females regardless of hormone manipulation at birth. Androgen and estrogen at birth did not facilitate mounting behavior in either sex. Males exhibited more frequent intromission responses than females. Animals treated with androgen at birth showed more frequent intromission behavior than non-treated animals. Androgen facilitated intromission relatively more in males than in females. Estrogen at birth did not facilitate intromission behavior. Female behavior: Males castrated at birth, normal females, and females ovariectomized at birth showed high levels of receptivity. No other animal exhibited frequent lordosis. The data indicated that behavioral sexual differentiation induced by hormones in in-fancy is best characterized by an inhibition of the potential to display feminine behavior.
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    American Association of Anatomists. Constitution (as amended April 6, 1955) (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967), S. 411-414 
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    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091570212
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    American Association of Anatomists. Eightieth annual session. University of Kansas Medical Center, April 4, 5, 6, 7, 1967. Officers, abstracts, demonstrations (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967), S. 197-409 
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    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091570211
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    Masthead (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091570301
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    Effects of beef insulin upon the granulation of beta cells in cultures of pancreases of fetal rats from diabetic mothersThis study was supported in part by N.I.H. grants HD412, AM6517, and AM5127. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967), S. 415-423 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Portions of pancreases were removed from nineteen and one-half day fetuses from diabetic and nondiabetic rats. These explants were grown for four days in organ culture by the watch glass method.Four types of culture media were used: standard medium containing 165 mg of glucose per 100 ml; similar standard medium supplemented with 0.70 to 2.20 mU per ml of insulin (beef); high glucose medium containing 1050 mg of glucose per 100 ml; similar high glucose medium supplemented with 0.65 to 2.00 mU per ml of insulin (beef).In cultures of pancreases grown on standard media both with and without added insulin, there were large increases in the number of granulated beta cells.In cultures of pancreases of fetuses from diabetic rats, which were grown on high glucose medium, the high level of glucose maintained the cultures in a simulated diabetic environment in which few granulated beta cells appeared. Conversely, when the cultures of fetuses from diabetic rats were grown on high glucose medium with added insulin, there was an increase in the number of granulated beta cells.These observations suggest that the insulin level in the culture medium influences the granulation of the beta cell.
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    Morphogenetic studies of the rabbit XXXVI. Effect of gene and genome interaction on homeotic variation (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967), S. 425-435 
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    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Study of the homeotic shifts of vertebral borders as affected by the Da gene when on two different genetic backgrounds shows that the effects of both gene and genome are distinguishable. The Da in either one or two doses shifts both thoracolumbar and lumbosacral borders forward, particularly the former. The effect of the DA genome is in the same direction, but significantly greater, and the two combined are additive. The effect of the IIIDa genome, by contrast, is in the posterior direction and epistatic. It suppresses and tends to shift the localization of Da effect posteriorly. Significant differences between borders when considered separately and in relation to each other indicate differences of interaction between gene and genome. The fact that the only significant difference in the three way comparisons of border, genotype, and genome is between the Da/ + genotypes of IIIDa and DA as a manifestation of overdominance can be discounted because of the differences in border interaction. As reference points defining the relative size and position of the thoracic and lumbar regions, these borders reveal the activity of gene and genome to be an alteration of the relative size and position of the growth gradients of these two regions rather than a direct gene specific morphology.
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    Variability in body and organ weights in the newborn dog and cat compared with that in the adult (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967), S. 449-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Body and organ weights of 24 newborn dogs and 35 newborn cats were studied. All of the measurements, except weights of hypophysis, spinal cord and testes are larger in the dogs. As percentages of body weight, the organs are more equally divided, with seven organs relatively heavier in the dogs and eight in the cats. All except two of the measurements of the newborn dogs are more variable than in the newborn cats.All of the organs are significantly correlated with body weight in the dogs and all except one, in the cats. All 15 of the organs are significantly correlated with body length in the dogs and 13, in the cats. The intercorrelations of the organ weights are somewhat higher in the dogs.The coefficients of variation of the newborn are compared with similar coefficients in adult dogs and cats. Body weight, body length and the kidneys are more variable in the adult dogs and the other organs, so far as data are available, are more variable in the newborn dogs of both sexes. Seven organs are more variable in adult male cats and three in females. The newborn dog is more variable in body and organ weights than the newborn cat, but weights of body and organs are better correlated in the newborn dog than in the newborn cat.
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    An ordered complex of filaments surrounding the lipid droplets in developing adipose cellsSupported by grant GM-406 from the Institute of General Medical Sciences, National Institutes of Health. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967), S. 437-447 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Examination of the lipid-cytoplasm interface of the weakly osmiophilic fat droplets in developing adipose cells from chick bone marrow reveals that the lipid does not lie free in the cytoplasm, nor is it bounded by a membrane, but instead is encompassed by a highly ordered complex of small, 80 Å thick, filaments.In oblique sections, superimposition of the images of adjacent filaments results in a more or less continuous line which resembles a membrane. Perhaps this view of the system of filaments, in sections where heavily osmicated fat had retracted slightly from the interface, is responsible for reports that the lipid in adipose cells is enclosed by a membrane.It is suggested that a similar system of filaments may be visualized in adipose cells of other species after extraction of the strongly osmiophilic fat which obscures details at the surface of the lipid droplets.Although the true functional significance of the filaments is not yet known, the morphological evidence alone suggests that they may provide support for the lipid inclusions. An interpretation of the geometry of the filaments, consistent with the present evidence, is presented.
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    Subcommissural organ, lateral hypothalamus, and dorsal longitudinal fasciculus in water and salt metabolismThe present report is based on a Ph.D. dissertation presented to the Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, 1962. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967), S. 457-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Twenty-two albino rats were divided into three groups for chronic brain electrode implantation. The effects of subsequent stimulation and ablation of the subcommissural organ (SCO), the bilateral lateral hypothalamic nuclei (LH), and the dorsal longitudinal fasciculus (FLD) on volume of water intake, and on concentration of urinary excretion were observed over twenty-two hour periods of free access to water both before and after treatments.It was observed that neither stimulation nor lesion of the SCO resulted in disruption of water intake or of urinary volume and concentration. Similar stimulation of LH potentiated drinking, while similar lesions produced a hypodipsia that necessitated tube feeding. Lesions of LH produced, in addition, marked elevation of urine volume, but no change in urine concentration. Sectioning of the FLD was followed by effects similar to those following lesions of the LH nuclei.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091570306
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    The morphology of valves in cerebral arteries of the ratSupported by grant HE 09041 from the National Institutes of Health, United States Public Health Service, under the direction of Dr. Frank N. Low. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967), S. 481-487 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Valves associated with major arterial branches at the base of the brain in rats were studied after fixation by perfusion with buffered aldehydes. These endothelial covered structures are entirely intimal. All cellular and non-cellular elements of their core are laminated, including the PAS positive ground substance. Smooth muscle and nerve endings are not demonstrable. Reticular fibers form a substantial sheath around the base of each valve. Their location and morphology suggest that they may serve a regulatory function in maintaining proper intracerebral blood flow.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091570308
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    Age and the cell cycle of the mouse colonic epithelium (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967), S. 621-625 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The colonic progenitor population has been investigated in four age groups of male Swiss albino mice utilizing tritium thymidine and autoradiography. The duration of the progenitor cell cycle and its component phases as well as the DNA synthetic index were determined for each age group following sequential sacrifice of the experimental animals.Analysis of the kinetics of metaphase labeling revealed that the mean duration of the cell cycle lengthens with age, whereas S (about 7.8 hours), G2 and M remain relatively constant. Estimates of the cell cycle from the ratio of the S-phase duration to the DNA synthetic index also demonstrate an increase with age, although the values derived from this method do not agree with those based on metaphase labeling.Determination of the DNA synthetic index disclosed a decrease in the percentage of labeled cells with increasing age. Thus, the prolongation of the mean duration of the cell cycle apparently results from an increase in the G1-phase.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091570408
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    Perilymphatic fibrocytes in the vestibule of the inner earResearch supported by grant RG-06729 from the Division of General Medical Sciences, National Institutes of Health, United States Public Health Service and in part by a grant from the William F. Milton Fund of Harvard University. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967), S. 627-639 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A description is given of the fine structure of perilymphatic fibrocytes and their associated fibers in the vestibule of the inner ear in rats. The identification of the extracellular fibers as keratin is discussed in relationship to their fine structure and to biochemical and biophysical data of other workers. The numerous junctional complexes between fibrocytes are described and it is shown that these do not form zonula occludens as has been reported by other workers.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091570409
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    Daily rhythmic variations in blood coagulation times in ratsThis work was supported by Research grant no 4659 from U.S.P.H.S., N.I.H. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967), S. 657-665 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: With all other environmental factors rigidly standardized, normal Sprague-Dawley rats were maintained under the following schedules: (1) 12 hours of artificial light 0600 to 1800 alternating with 12 hours of darkness-LD; (2) reversal of the first-DL; (3) constant darkness-DD, and (4) constant illumination-LL.After the animals had been under a specific lighting regimen for at least three weeks, blood coagulation times were determined on separate groups of 8 to 16 animals at bi-hourly intervals during a 24-hour period. Significant daily fluctuations or rhythms in coagulation times under all lighting conditions were found by plotting each of the bi-hourly mean values as a function of time. The temporal phasing of all rhythms in LD, DL, LL and DD were similar. The major changes found in the different lighting schedules involved overall magnitude, e.g., the overall 24-hour mean coagulation time for rats maintained in LL was 21% greater than for rats maintained in DD. Although total adrenalectomy or adrenal medullectomy did not abolish the characteristic LD rhythm, there was about a 100% decrease in the mean 24-hour coagulation time of LD adrenalectomized animals when compared to normal LD animals. No significant decrease was seen in adrenal demedullectomized animals when similarly compared with normal LD animals.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091570411
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    Postnatal development of pulmonary and bronchial arterial circulations in the calf and the effects of chronic hypoxiaSupported by grants HE 06780-04 and HE 08932-01 from U. S. Public Health Service, The National Institutes of Health. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967), S. 641-655 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Seven calves were placed in an altitude chamber on the day of birth and were maintained at the simulated high altitude of 11,000 feet for 2 to 5 months. Circulatory measurements during life and structural changes in the lungs after death were compared with findings in 20 normal calves. The normal calves showed a surprising growth of lung parenchyma and pulmonary and bronchial arterial circulations during the first seven days of life. Such a rapid postnatal lung growth has not previously been reported and may account for much of the normal decrease in pulmonary arterial pressure seen during this period of life. By contrast calves maintained from birth at simulated high altitude rapidly increased their pulmonary arterial pressures during the first two weeks of life. The pulmonary arterial circulation remained constricted and at autopsy presented an exaggerated radiographic and histologic pattern seen in normal calves less than 24 hours old. The bronchial arterial circulation in the calves at high altitude became greatly increased. Chronic hypoxia in these calves probably sustained increased tone in the pulmonary, but not systemic arterioles, with the result that the normal growth pattern of the lung vessels was altered. This study emphasizes the different regulation of the two arterial supplies to the same organ, namely, the lung.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091570410
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    Ultrastructure of the carotid body of the cat as revealed by various fixatives and the use of reserpineSupported by USPHS grants 5RO1 NB 05665, 5RO1 AM 08222 and 2RO1 NB 00690.The authors wish to acknowledge the essential and able assistance of Messers Joe Mascorro and Ricardo Morales. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967), S. 667-681 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Carotid bodies from 11 cats were prepared for study with the electron microscope. All cats used were initially healthy and weighed from 1.5 to 4.0 Kg. Four cats were given daily doses of reserpine 1.5 mg/Kg for 2, 3, 4 or 12 days; the other cats were untreated. Carotid bodies were fixed by immersion in Dalton's fluid, collidine buffered osmic acid or 3% potassium permanganate in 0.1 M phosphate buffer. Other carotid bodies were fixed by perfusion with buffered formalin or with 3% glutaraldehyde in phosphate buffer. Each fixative produced distinct differences in the appearance of the carotid body, particularly in the size and opacity of the granules within the characteristic vesicles of glomus cells (type I). After Dalton's fixative the granules were faint and inconspicuous whereas after osmic acid fixation the granules were very dense but small in comparison to the size of the enclosing vesicular membrane. Aldehyde fixation resulted in very dense granules that almost completely filled the vesicles but permanganate fixation produced vesicles that were devoid of the dense central cores except for a very few. Carotid bodies from reserpine treated cats that were fixed in osmic acid displayed empty vesicles while those from reserpinized animals fixed by perfusion with glutaraldehyde revealed granules that differed little from normal in numbers, size and density. However, vesicles in the adrenal medulla and in sympathetic nerve endings in the pineal gland from the same animals contained empty vesicles. The results are regarded as evidence of a different degree or method of binding between catecholamines and other components of the vesicles in glomus cells when compared to similar vesicles in sympathetic nerve endings and the adrenal medulla.
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    The recurrent branch of the anterior cerebral artery (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967), S. 699-700 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The recurrent branch of the anterior cerebral artery is of considerable applied importance. The extracerebral course of the vessel has been studied in dissection of 12 brains. Numerous variations in the course of the vessel were found and these have been presented.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091570414
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    The development of the arterial outflow tract in the chick embryo heart (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 158 (1967), S. 35-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Bloodstream flow patterns have been outlined in the arterial outflow tract (ventricular outflow tract and bulbus arteriosus) of the chick embryo heart during the period in which septation takes place, Hemodynamic factors underlying flow changes during this period are discussed.The mapping of flow patterns did not support the concept of a conoventricular flange reported previously. Septation was found to take place between two separate and discrete bloodstreams.The cellular nature of the aorticopulmonary septum has been described. The spiral ridges that form this septum expand by cellular growth, explaining the ability of this septum to develop against the direction of blood flow. The aorticopulmonary septum divides about two-thirds of the arterial outflow tract; the final partitioning of the most proximal portion of the outflow tract was found to take place by means of the apposition of endocardial cushion tissue masses.Failure of aorticopulmonary septum development (truncus arteriosus communis persistens) was found to follow fusion of the bloodstreams in experimental studies. In experimental aortic stenosis the appearance of a small left stream was found to be followed by the development of a stenotic aorta. Thus in the first instance the septum apparently cannot develop unless the streams remain separate and in the second case the size of the prhnordial bloodstreams appears to determine the diameter of the vessel.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091580105
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    The ultrastructure of the myometrium of the rat with special reference to the innervationA preliminary report on this investigation was presented at the 4th Annual Meeting of the Anatomical Society of Australia and New Zealand at Syndey in January, 1966, and will be published in abstract form (Silva, '66b). (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 158 (1967), S. 21-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An ultrastructural study of the rat myometrium revealed the presence of a number of nerve bundles, many of which were associated with either muscle cells or blood vessels. The nerve fibers were found to contain agranular and granular vesicles of widely varying proportions and the spatial relationship between nerve fibers and muscle cells in the myometrium was comparable to that found in smooth muscle generally.A study of regions of close apposition between muscle cells showed three types of “cellular contacts.” In the first type the opposing muscle cells are separated by a gap of about 200Å with filamentous structures extending across the gap. In the second type the opposing plasma membrane are in direct contact. The third type consists of regions of cytoplasmic continuity between adjacent cells. It is suggested that the “cellular contacts” provide a path for impulse transmission between muscle cells.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091580104
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    Modification of the endoplasmic reticulum in some mammalian oocytesThis study was supported by USPHS grant HD-01110 of the National Institutes of Health. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 158 (1967), S. 59-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Oocytes of the hamster, rat, Mongolian gerbil and squirrel monkey demonstrate an unusual “twin” or multilaminated arrangement of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Two or more cisternae appose laterally apparently after the ribosomes vanish from the adjacent surfaces. A central electron dense leaflet, composed of filamentous components can be discerned between the apposed surfaces. Between two cisternae of the membrane complex found in hamster oocytes, narrow connecting pillars or walls also develop. The nuclear envelope frequently represents one cisternal element in the membrane complex, at which place nuclear pores are lacking. In rat oocytes the endoplasmic reticulum cisternae take on either a concentric form, apparently by end-to-end fusion of “twin” cisternal membranes, or form a spiral by several turns of the same cisternum. No functional role could be suggested for the observed specilization of the endoplasmic reticulum.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091580108
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    Regeneration of resected calcaneal tendon of the rabbitThis work was supported in part by grants from the American Cancer Society (IN-63A) and the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases (AM-08560) and by a Special Investigatorship from the Arthritis Foundation (R.W.D.). (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 158 (1967), S. 43-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A connective tissue growth model based on the regeneration of rabbit calcaneal tendon following surgical excision is described. Tissues allowed to regenerate for various periods of time from two days to 240 days were studied histologically and compared with mature tendon.Rabbit calcaneal tendon regenerating for 14 days or longer was found to represent a rapidly grown, normal connective tissue obtainable in quantities sufficient for biochemical microanalysis and thus to provide a valuable connective tissue growth model. By allowing growth to proceed for 56 days, the model could be used to provide normal tissue morphologically approximating mature tendon.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091580106
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    Masthead (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 158 (1967) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091580201
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    The histological fine structure of perineuriumSupported by NIH grant HE 09041, United States Public Health Service under the direction of Dr. Frank N. Low. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 158 (1967), S. 177-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Extraocular muscles of the rat possess numerous nerves suitable for the study of fine structure. In these muscles, small nerves made up of one to ten myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers are surrounded by two or three layers of perineurium. The perineurium is arranged in concentric sleeves, each one cell thick. Continuous boundary membranes separate the perineural sleeves from the epineural and endoneural tissue space, but the boundary membranes may be spotty or absent between individual sleeves. The presence of boundary membranes around perineural cells distinguishes them from nearby fibroblasts which lack similar membranous investment. Tight intercellular junctions join the cells comprising each sleeve so that the nerves are completely ensheathed in perineurium. The number of sleeves decreases as the nerve becomes smaller, either by the termination of the innermost sleeve or by the loss of a sleeve as the nerve branches. The last sleeve ends shortly before the termination of the nerve. The perineurium is thus open-ended peripherally and, at these places, the epineurium and endoneurium are continuous. Continuities between the epineurium and endoneurium also exist at the entrance and exit of blood vessels supplying the nerve and at points where reticular fibers pierce the perineurium. These structural features correlate well with the action of the perineurium as a diffusion barrier and as a pathway in the transmission of infections.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091580207
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    Radioautographic studies of DNA synthesis in the developing extraembryonic membranes of the mouseAided by N.I.H. grants GM-7762 and HD-412.An abridgement of a thesis submitted by Frank M. Saccoman to the faculty of the Graduate School in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Ph.D. in Anatomy. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 158 (1967), S. 197-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Tritiated thymidine was injected into pregnant BALB/c mice intravenously at 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 days of pregnancy. Radioautographs were prepared in order to determine the extent of synthesis of DNA in the extraembryonic membranes at the above stages of gestation. The extent of synthesis of DNA was expressed as a radioactive index. The index is the per cent of labeled nuclei in a population of 1000 observed nuclei. Radioactive indices were determined for the nuclei of the endodermal cells of the visceral yolk sac and of the parietal yolk sac, for the nuclei of the trophoblastic cells of the junctional zone and of the labyrinth and for the nuclei of the trophoblastic giant cells. The observations show that in all of the examined types of cells the synthesis of DNA is extensive at days 10 and 12 of gestation and that it is nearly completed by day 14.
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    The junctional specializations of sertoli cells in the seminiferous epitheliumSupported by a research grant RG-06729 and training grant G-406 from the Institute of General Medical Sciences, National Institutes of Health. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 158 (1967), S. 207-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Attention is directed to an unusual type of junctional complex between Sertoli cells in the seminiferous epithelium. The space between the membranes of adjoining cells is narrowed to 70-90 Å over large areas of their contact surfaces. In the superficial cytoplasm of each cell is an extensive cisterna of the endoplasmic reticulum, parallel to the membrane and 400-600 Å from it. Spaced at more or less regular intervals in the thin layer of cytoplasm between the cisterna and the cell membrane are periodic densities that appear to be band-like aggregations of fine filaments. The sub-surface cisternae are smooth-contoured on the side toward the cell membrane but bear ribosomes on the side facing the cytoplasm. The possible significance of these distinctive junctions is discussed in relation to the support of the germ cells and the coordination of the developmental events in the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091580210
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    A method for preparing brain castsThis study was supported by USPHS grants M-2786, B-3249, and NB-06225. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 158 (1967), S. 239-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Permanent molds and casts of properly perfused formalin-fixed whole brain specimens can be prepared in a manner that faithfully reproduces their shape, size, and surface morphological features. The method involves several steps: (a) removal of surface vessels or arachnoid tissue from fissural margins; (b) preparation of a plaster casing with a cavity of a size and shape which will accommodate both the elastic impression material and the portion of the brain to be cast; (c) pouring a silicone rubber-catalyst mixture into this cavity in two stages, to produce first a lining, and then a rubber pool into which the brain is immersed; (d) removing the brain from the mold; (e) pouring an acrylic-catalyst mixture into the hardened rubber mold and allowing it to polymerize to form a brain cast. Both mold and cast are durable, and repeated casting from a given mold can be carried out. Such brain casts provide a permanent record of three dimensional characteristics, as well as certain external morphological features which are otherwise irretrievably lost in a brain specimen that is to undergo histological processing, sectioning, staining, and mounting. The educational value of a comparative collection of such brain casts is inestimable.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091580212
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    The ascending branch of Mauthner's axon in xenopus: Its possible role in startle reflexes (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 158 (1967), S. 251-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A major branch of Mauthner's (M-) axon has been found in larvae of Xenopus laevis (Daudin). After giving off an inhibitory collateral toward the contralateral M-cell, the branch continues forward to the preoptic nucleus of the forebrain. Following stimulation of the M-cell, the function of the ascending branch of its axon may be to elicit startle responses corresponding to the defensive hypothalamic responses of higher vertebrates.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091580303
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    Gross and microscopic observations on the communicating branch of the facial nerve to the lesser petrosal nerveThis investigation was partially supported by United States Public Health Service grant FR 05388. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 158 (1967), S. 257-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The contents of the facial canal (first and second parts of the facial nerve, and geniculate ganglion), the tympanic plexus, the greater and lesser petrosal nerves, and all intervening connections were dissected in 40 cadavers. This entire nerve complex was removed in 30 cases, and in parts in ten cases, dehydrated, and stained with Sudan Black B or Protargol. A constant communication from the second part of the facial nerve, the geniculate ganglion, or the greater petrosal nerve was observed to pass to the lesser petrosal nerve in all dissections. A review of the literature indicates other points relative to the exchange of autonomic fibers between the facial and glossopharyngeal nerves.
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    Histologic and physiologic comparisons of the thyroid glands of the wild and domesticated norway ratWork supported in part by a contract between the Department of the Navy, Office of the Naval Research Biology Branch, and the Johns Hopkins University, and in part by a USPHS grant. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 158 (1967), S. 263-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A comparison of the histological pattern of the thyroid glands of 138 wild and 157 domesticated Norway rats showed that the domesticated rat has smaller epithelial cells, greater uniformity in the size of follicles, larger follicular lamina, and fewer vacuoles in the intrafollicular colloid. These differences are not present at birth but develop gradually with age. Hypophysectomy causes a loss of these differences and results in an identical histologic pattern of atrophy in the two strains of rats. There is greater uniformity of thyroid I131 uptake and labelling of the components of thyroglobulin in the domesticated rat, but the average percent uptake of I131 in the thyroid glands of both strains is the same.These differences may be accountable partly on the basis of different reactions to the environment conditioned by different temperaments in the two strains, by actual differences in the environment, and by genetic differences.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091580305
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    Differences in thyroid activity in several inbred strains of miceSupported by Training grant 1T1 HD 116-01 of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 158 (1967), S. 275-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The rate of daily secretion of thyroid hormone was compared in male mice of five inbred strains, the DBA/2, the C57B1/6, the St/6J, the CBA/J and the Swiss Albino strain.The method employed to measure thyroid secretion rates is based on a procedure which involves the production of goiters by daily propylthiouracil (PTU) administration in the drinking water and determining subsequently the effective dose of the exogenous thyroxin required to inhibit goiter development and maintain normal control weights of thyroid glands.Statistically significant differences were observed in output of thyroid hormone between the different genetic strains tested. The levels of thyroid activity were lowest in the temperamentally most active strains (DBA/2 and CBA/J) while the more placid strains exhibited higher levels of thyroid secretion (Swiss Albino and ST/6J).This unexpected finding is interpreted to indicate that, if there exists any correlation between thyroid hormone and behavior, the more active strains differ from the more placid ones in tissue sensitivity to thyroid hormone rather than in concentration of levels of circulating hormone.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091580306
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    Effect of steroid hormones on biochemical characteristics of blastocysts in ovariectomized rabbitsThis investigation was supported in part by USPHS research grants HD 00585-03 and HD 01013-03 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Scientific Paper 2903, College of Agriculture Research Center, Projects 1698 and 1794. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 158 (1967), S. 281-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Groups of nulliparous pregnant rabbits were bilaterally ovariectomized on the third, fifth, sixth or seventh days of gestation; some groups were then treated daily with 40 mg of progesterone alone or with 4 mg progesterone alone or in combination with estradiol at a ratio of 1:400 or 1:4000. Animals ovariectomized 3 days post coitum (p.c.) were autopsied four days later; those ovariectomized five, six, or seven days p.c. were autopsied 24 hours later. The number of viable blastocysts per doe was greatly decreased following ovariectomy; however, the number was increased by treatment with progesterone alone or in combination with estradiol (1:400 or 1:4000). The weight of blastocyst and embryonic matter (trophoblast and embryonic disc), and the volume of blastocoelic fluid in the blastocyst at six or seven days p.c. were neither affected by ovariectomy nor by injection of 4 mg of progesterone. The weight of the blastocysts was significantly reduced when ovariectomy was performed seven days p.c. The concentration of the biochemical compounds in the blastocoelic fluid was not altered by ovariectomy at five or seven days p.c. In contrast, the concentration of glucose, lactic acid, protein N and nonprotein in the blastocyst was greatly lowered by ovariectomy at six days p.c., being partly alleviated by daily injections of progesterone, alone or in combination with estradiol. Ovariectomy at three days p.c. was no more detrimental than later ovariectomy if steroids were administrated.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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    Distribution of sperm in male rabbits after various ejaculation frequenciesPaper no. 3938 from the Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 158 (1967), S. 287-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Twenty-five mature rabbits were assigned in groups of five to be ejaculated at one of the following frequencies for a period of six weeks: Sexual rest (SR), one ejaculation on Friday (1 × F), four ejaculations on Friday (4 × F), one ejaculation daily Monday through Saturday (1 × M-S), and two ejaculations Monday, Wednesday, and Friday (2 × MWF). Upon slaughter after SR, the average distributions of sperm in the capita-corpora epididymides, caudae epididymides, and ductus deferentia were 184, 1,028, and 86 × 106, respectively.Ejaculation at each frequency significantly reduced the numbers of sperm found in the caudae epididymides, but neither weights of nor sperm numbers in the capitacorpora epididymides were affected by ejaculation frequency. While 79 ± 3% of extragonadal sperm were found in the caudae epididymides after SR, only 27 ± 5% were found there after 4 × F. This depletion of sperm represents 64% of those considered available for ejaculation. The data indicate that the ductus deferentia and ampullae of rabbits contain insufficient sperm to account for those normally found in a single ejaculum, and that the caudae epididymides are the immediate sources of most ejaculated sperm. The average calculated daily sperm production (82 × 106) was not affected by ejaculation frequency (P 〉 0.10).
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    Some new cytological observations of the normal rat ependymal cellThis investigation was supported by United States Public Health Service Research Grant B-3533 from the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Blindness, National Institutes of Health. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 158 (1967), S. 293-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The ependyma of the lateral ventricle of normal adult rats fixed by intravascular perfusion with either glutaraldehyde or formaldehyde was examined with the electron microscope. Three main observations of the normal ependymal cells were made which, to our knowledge, have not yet been reported.1Ependymal cells were occasionally found directly abutting on blood vessels in the immediate vicinity. In this respect, they were very much like the well-known perivascular astrocytes and tanycytes. This similarity was strengthened by the morphological details of the junctional areas.2Bundles of the fine fibrils (app. 60 Å) were seen in the nuclei. They were devoid of any membranous boundary and were apparently identical to the fibrils often seen in the perinuclear cytoplasm.3Microtubules, occasionally containing approximately 50 Å central densities, were consistently seen in the apical cytoplasm. They were apparently identical to the familiar microtubules constituting the cillary fine structure which also contained occasional central densities.
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  • 80
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    Homology of form in plant and animal Golgi apparatus (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 158 (1967), S. 313-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In both negatively stained and sectioned preparations, Golgi apparatus of mouse spleen, liver and kidney consist of dictyosomes having cisternae with tubular peripheries. The extent of the tubular portion varies among tissues and among cisternae of a given dictyosome. Animal dictyosomes closely resemble those from plants in both form and sedimentation characteristics. In these respects, plant and animal Golgi apparatus are homologous structures.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091580311
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    Congenital malformations induced by alloxan diabetes in mice and ratsSupported in part by grant HD00074 from National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service.We are deeply indebted to James G. Wilson, Ph.D., for his encouragement in the experiment on rats and for his kindness in correcting the manuscript. Thanks are also due to Dr. Moriyasu Yada, Mrs. Carol Thompson and Mr. George Pinkney for technical help. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 158 (1967), S. 303-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Two separate experiments were carried out. (1) Alloxan was injected subcutaneously into ICR female mice at 200 mg/kg on day 0 (zero) of gestation. In the animals which became persistently diabetic, 27.5% of the conceptuses underwent resorption or death and 7.2% of surviving fetuses showed gross malformations, including exencephaly, spina bifida and cleft palate. In nondiabetic experimental animals there was no increase in fetal mortality or malformation rate. (2) Wistar rats were treated by alloxan intraperitoneally at 160 mg/kg on the seventh day of gestation. Again, only in cases of persistent diabetes were there raised fetal mortality and high incidence of external and internal malformations (50.0% of survivors abnormal), including cataract, hydronephrosis, microphthalmia, exencephaly and cleft palate. When glucose concentration was determined in the embryo and amniotic fluid on the eleventh and thirteenth days of gestation, it was found to be much higher in the diabetic than in the control or the nondiabetic treated animals. The embryonic glucose level was always slightly lower than that of the maternal blood.
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    Hyperostosis at the mandibular notch: Report of a case (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 158 (1967), S. 319-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A case of hyperostosis at the mandibular notch, on the right side, is recorded in a male cadaver, about 65 years of age. The shape of this exostosis and its relationship to the surrounding bones were studied in fixed and in various positions of movement of the mandible, as well as the degree of opening and closing of the mouth. The angle of the mandible, the coronoid and condylar processes, and the ramus were measured on both sides. Particular attention was given to the measurement of the exostosis. The morphological and clinical significance of the anomaly are discussed. A review of the literature indicates that this is an extremely rare type of exostosis of the mandible.
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    The tensile properties of single osteonsThis work was supported by a grant of the National Research Council of Italy. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 158 (1967), S. 375-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The ultimate tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of individual osteons from human and ox compact bone were determined with a specially designed microwave extensimeter. The results were related to the degree of calcification and the orientation of collagen fiber-bundles in successive lamellae of the osteons. The following conclusions were made: (1) When osteon specimens are dried, their tensile strength and modulus of elasticity increase, while their percent elongation under tension falls. (2) In the osteon samples tested wet, the degree of calcification induces an increase in the modulus of elasticity with additional amounts of calcium salts. (3) The modulus of elasticity in tension of the organic matrix corresponds to that of collagen. (4) In the osteons having a marked longitudinal arrangement of bundles of fibers in successive lamellae, the ultimate tensile strength and modulus of elasticity seem greater and the percentage elongation under tension seems lower than in osteons whose bundles in successive lamellae change through an angle of about 90°. (5) The tensile properties of osteons seem independent of the age of the subject. (6) Human and ox osteons reveal the same tensile behavior. (7) The tensile stress-strain curves show that, even at the level of single osteons, bone behaves like a complex material, which, according to Sedlin, can be represented by a Hooke body linked in series to a Kelvin body.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091580403
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    Developmental relationship between the appearance of lymphocytes and lymphopoietic activity in the thymus and lymph nodes of the fetal catSupported by Research Grant HE-04061-09 (HEM) from the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 158 (1967), S. 387-399 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The origin and development of the lymphocyte populations of the thymus and the lymph nodes have been studied in the fetal cat. Fetuses ranging in age from 25 days (16 mm) to 50 days (98 mm) of gestation have been examined following formol-sublimate-acetic acid fixation, parlodion-paraffin embedding and subsequent staining with toluidine blue, hematoxylin-eosin and periodic acid-Schiff methods.These studies have shown an occasional lymphocyte in the primitive lymph nodes as early as the thirtieth day of gestation. A number of small- and medium-sized lymphocytes are scattered randomly in the mesenchymal condensation of the developing lymph nodes by 33 days. Lymphocyte proliferation proceeds relatively slowly, and morphological evidence suggests that lymphocytes appear to develop from the mesenchymal or reticular cells of the developing lymph nodes without the intermediate formation of lymphoblasts. In the thymus, the first lymphocytic cells formed are lymphoblasts. These cells appear initially between 31 and 33 days. Lymphoblastic transformation is not generalized until the thirty-fifth day; at this time, an occasional medium-sized lymphocyte is evident and vascularization of the thymus begins. Development proceeds rapidly and the thymus is filled with medium-sized and small lymphocytes by 40 days. At this time, large clusters of small lymphocytes are evident in the capsular connective tissue, and these cells soon enter lymphatic vessels located in the capsular connective tissue.These observations indicate that the initial appearance of lymphocytes in lymph nodes precedes the appearance of lymphocytic precursors (lymphoblasts) in the thymus by 1-2 days and the development of lymphocytes in the thymus by approximately five days. Therefore, the early lymphocyte population in the lymph nodes is not dependent upon the dissemination of thymic lymphocytes or their precursors. Thymic lymphocytes, however, may contribute to the lymphocyte population of the lymph nodes at later stages of fetal development, after vascularization of the thymus and after the formation of lymphatic vessels in the capsule.
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    Histochemical study of ribonucleoproteins and mucopolysaccharides in developing bone of normal and tetracycline-treated chick embryos (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 158 (1967), S. 417-431 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The histochemical localization of ribonucleoprotein and mucopolysaccharide components in the developing femurs of normal and tetracycline-treated chick embryos has been described. Tetracycline administration did not appear to affect the formation or character of the fibrous components involved in bone formation, or RNA production. Osteoid was laid down normally but calcification was markedly delayed. The depolymerization of the osteoid, as indicated by metachromasia and PAS staining, which is normally associated with the onset of calcification, was correspondingly delayed. The mucopolysaccharide content of the cartilage model was unchanged by the drug except in the hypertrophic zone. Here an abnormal depolymerization of the matrix occurred gradually, beginning in small areas and progressing to include all the matrix between small groups of cells. Calcification of these regions then took place.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091580406
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    Morphology of the specialized conducting tissue in the atria of the equine heartThis investigation was supported in part by grants HE 19,835-03 and GM-1052 from the National Institutes of Health and a grant from the Central Ohio Heart Association. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 158 (1967), S. 401-415 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The gross and microscopic anatomy of the sinus node (SN), atrioventricular node (AVN) and specialized fibers in the atrium were studied in 19 horses and eight mules. The SN is supplied with blood by a branch from the left circumflex artery which subdivides within the node. The SN has a body and long tapering cranial and caudal crura which encircle the lateral margin of the precaval orifice. The AVN, which has no large artery consistently present within its structure, is located within the fibrous septum above the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve and anterior to the coronary sinus.Histologically most of the fibers in the SN and AVN are similar to those in other species. They are smaller, paler staining and much more interwoven than ordinary myocardial fibers. In the caudal crus of the SN, the fibers are clumped together with loss of individual characteristics.Large, glycogen-rich cells morphologically similar to ventricular Purkinje fibers are found in the right atrial subendocardium. The distribution of these fibers suggest that they may be concerned with intraatrial spread of excitation. Muscular pathways between the SN and AVN are composed of ordinary myocardial fibers. The large atrial myocardial fibers do not connect directly with SN or AVN fibers.
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    The ontogeny and growth of the human tentorium cerebelliSupported by a grant from the U.S. Public Health Service (IRO1 NBO 6805-01). (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 158 (1967), S. 433-441 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The ontogenetic pattern of the human tentorium cerebelli was reconstructed by analyzing the series of stages through which the tentorium passes in the attainment of maturity. The absolute and relative growth rates were calculated for the maximum cranial breadth, maximum cranial length, and various tentorial dimensions. The relationship between the growth of different parameters was established and expressed mathematically according to Huxley's formula (y = bxk). The growth ratios (k) and constants (b) for different combinations of tentorial and cranial parameters were elicited from logarithmic graphs.
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    Observations on the abdominal lymphaticovenous communications of the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus)This investigation was supported in part by Public Health Service grant HE-09463-03. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 159 (1967), S. 147-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The abdominal lymphaticovenous communications in the squirrel monkey were studied by injection, sections and by microscopic observations in vivo. Caval pressures were measured and correlated with lymphatic pressures.Lymphaticovenous communications were easily identified by a pulsating reflux of venous blood, which was related more to lymphatic than to venous pressure. The caval venous pressure was constant at 7 cm H2O. Lymph continued to flow until venous pressure reached 14 cm H2O. The first lymphatic valve remained competent at 60 cm H2O. There was no anatomical or physiological evidence of a sphincter mechanism at the lymphaticovenous ostia. With identical criteria, no abdominal lymphaticovenous communications were found in the rat. Except for rare anomalies, abdominal lymphaticovenous communications are species characteristics.
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    The passage of exogenous peroxidase from blood capillaries into the intestinal epithelium (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 159 (1967), S. 159-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Horseradish peroxidase was injected into the spleens of mice and the animals were sacrificed ten minutes after injection. The tissues were reacted with 3-3′ diaminobenzidine hydrochloride and the distribution of the reaction product was studied with both the light and electron microscope. The peroxidase was localized between epithelial cells up to the region of the tight junction and within vacuoles in the absorptive cells Granules ranging in size from ca. 40A to 600A were observed in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells in numbers far in excess of that found in control specimens. It appeared that the diffuse light brown staining observed in epithelial cells with the light microscope could be attributed to large numbers of granules of reaction product free in the cytoplasm. When corn oil was given by stomach tube and an intravascular injection of perioxidase was given ten minutes later, absorbed lipid was found to pass from interepithelial cell spaces to lamina propria at the same time that peroxidase was traversing the same compartments in the reverse direction. Hence, it was shown that exogenous peroxidase and probably other substances of vascular origin required for the metabolism of epithelial cells are exposed to both the basal and lateral epithelial cell membranes, even when absorbed lipid is traversing the same spaces in the opposite direction.
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    The histochemistry of carbohydrate-rich substances in certain ungulate salivary glands (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 159 (1967), S. 179-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The carbohydrate-rich secretions of bovine, ovine and porcine submandibular and sublingual glands have been investigated histochemically. The strong PAS staining of mucous acini in all the glands indicates presence of mucin rich in residues with vic-glycols. This staining correlates well with the neutral sugar (hexose or deoxyhexose) content except in the bovine submandibular gland in which other types of residues as perhaps C-6 linked or terminal amino sugars with vicinal hydroxyls apparently account for PAS staining. Strong staining with a periodate-para diamine procedure is observed only in the glands with high hexose or deoxyhexose levels and is absent from those with strong PAS reactivity apparently attributable to amino sugars. Digestion with malt diastase diminishes the PAS staining of a mucous secretion in mucous acini of the sheep glands.The mucous acini of the submandibular glands form sialomucin uniformly and afford no evidence for the presence of a sulfomucin. The basophilia of this sialomucin in sow and ewe is fully susceptible to sialidase. Sialomucin basophilia in the bovine submandibular gland is only partially digestible, indicating presence of two kinds of neuraminic acid or two sialomucins in this gland.In the sublingual glands the proportion of sulformucin to sialomucin increases in the order cow-sow-ewe. The sialomucin in the bovine and porcine sublingual mucous acini revealed as blue-stained material with the high iron diamine-alcian blue sequence largely succumbs to sialidase. Much of that similarly demonstrated in the ovine sublingual gland resists digestion, suggesting presence herein of two sialomucins. The sialomucin in all the mucous acini of the ovine submandibular and some mucous acini of the ovine sublingual glands loses azurophilia and undergoes marked decrease in alcianophilia after digestion with malt diastase.Prominent seromucous demilunes in the ovine and bovine glands appear to secrete a sulfated mucosaccharide. The secretion in these sites stains well with the PAS method. The seromucous demilunes in the cow afford evidence also of a mucosaccharide-containing sialic acid.
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    The juxtaglomerular apparatus in fetal and newborn mice (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 159 (1967), S. 171-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Kidneys of timed fetal and newborn mice of the C57BL stock were sectioned and stained with a modified Bowie technique. The juxtaglomerular cells, indentifiable by their granularity and position, were recognized rather late in fetal life  -  three or four days before birth. By the eighth day postpartum, the granular cells of the JGA had reached a peak of differentiation and closely resembled the adult JGA in their number, size, granularity, and position. The mesangial cell was often but not always granulated. The granular cell indices (G.C.I.) of fetal, newborn, and adult mice are compared. The high G.C.I. in fetal kidneys in our studies should account for the high renin titre found by others in fetal kidney extracts.
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    The ampulloglomerular organ: An unusual neurovascular complex in the suboccipital regionSupported by U. S. Public Health Service grant HE 10961-01 and The Stroke Research Center, Philadelphia General Hospital, Phila., Pa. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 159 (1967), S. 193-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A group of venous sacculations associated wth a system of glomerular arteriovenous anastomoses and numerous nerves lies adjacent to the vertebral artery. As thin walled extensions of a dural sinus, these ampullae are structurally capable of responding to changes in venous pressure. The function of their glomerular connections to branches of the vertebral artery is not apparent.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091590208
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    Lymphotaxis induced by ultraviolet microbeam irradiation of fibroblasts in tissues cultured from mouse embryosThis investigation was supported in part by a PHS Research Grant GM-09397, from the Division of General Medical Sciences, U. S. Public Health Services, and in part by Institutional Grants from the American Cancer Society. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 159 (1967), S. 199-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: When portions of the cytoplasm of fibroblasts cultured from mouse embryo tissues are irradiated with heterochromatic microbeams of ultraviolet light, lymphocytes are attracted (Lymphotaxis) to the injured areas. The lymphocytes approach in the “hand mirror” shape characteristic of tissue cultures. On reaching the fibroblast, pseudopodia shoot out to “lick” the wound and then the lymphocyte “worms” its way across the cell. Only one lymphocyte contacts a fibroblast but the same one may make several passes. It is postulated that lymphocytes are cleaning the wounded area of undesirable irradiation products and/or applying healing substances to the wounded fibroblast.Irradiation of lymphocytes in portions of the cytoplasm fails to evoke responses from nearlby lymphocytes. Instead, the cytoplasm whirls around the nucleus as if the irradiation products can not leave the cell, resulting in convulsions and death.A technique is described by which relatively pure cultures of lymphocytes may be obtained from leukocyte cultures by selectively killing all granular leukocytes with excessive exposure to microbeams of ultraviolet light. Lymphocytes are harvested and introduced into fibroblast cultures to study experimental lymphotaxis.
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  • 94
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    The vascular architecture of the small intestinal mucosa of the monkey (Macaca mulatta) (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 159 (1967), S. 211-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Silicone rubber microvascular injection compounds have been used to describe the mucosal vascular architecture of the monkey's small intestine. The mucosal vascular patterns of this animal differ from the classical description. Instead of the villus blood supply being delivered via a central villus arteriole, the arterioles ramify to the undersurface of the mucosa where they terminate in the capillary plexus surrounding the crypts of Lieberkuhn. The villus capillary net is derived directly from the cryptic capillary plexus and is drained by a single, central villus vein. There is a secondary venous return system that directly drains the cryptic plexus. These secondary venous channels might represent a mechanism that regulates the proportional distribution of blood in the cryptic and villus capillary beds.This report is intended to describe the vascular patterns only as they occur in the monkey. Observations of rat and rabbit mucosa prepared by the same technique reveal arterial and venous channels extending the length of the villi. These animals, therefore, more closely resemble the classical description.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091590210
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  • 95
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    Developing boundary (basement) membranes in the chick embryoSupported by grant HE 09041, United States Public Health Service. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 159 (1967), S. 231-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The primordia of boundary (basement) membranes are present in the freshly laid egg along the basal surface of the epiblast. This location provides boundary membranes for all ectodermal derivatives including the central nervous system. Entodermal boundary membranes begin to form during the first half of the second day and eventually serve all entodermal derivatives. Mesodermal boundary membranes are slower to form. Those around the myotomes undergo considerable remodeling before the adult arrangement is reached. Endothelial boundary membranes are very slow to develop, not having appeared at 36 hours incubation.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091590212
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  • 96
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    Masthead (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 159 (1967) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091590301
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  • 97
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    Endometrial and embryonic enzymes in relation to implantation of the rabbit blastocyst (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 159 (1967), S. 273-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The activity of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (GOT), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), amylase, succinic dehydrogenase (SDH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (GD) has been determined in the rabbit endometrium at estrus, in pseudopregnancy, and at days 5-10 of pregnancy. Enzyme analyses were also made on the placenta and embryo during early pregnancy.The most striking changes were increases in the SDH and GDH levels of the endometrium and a decrease in amylase when the does became pregnant or pseudopregnant. Amylase did not rise significantly from its lower level between five and ten days of pregnancy; SDH and GDH activity, however, fell away after reaching a maximum prior to implantation. At implantation there was some evidence of an increase in LDH and phosphatase activity. All enzymes had lower activities following implantation (10 days pregnancy). The endometrial enzyme activities of prepubertal does were usually similar to those of adult females in estrus. However, alkaline phosphatase activity of the prepubertal endometrium was particularly low.The activity of enzymes in the placental areas were, in general, similar to those found in the interplacental areas of the endometrium. However, from 7-10 days of pregnancy the activity of SDH was lower in the placental area than in the interplacental areas; whereas, amylase was higher on the eighth and ninth days of pregnancy. Changes in the activities of the phosphatases, GOT and SDH occurred in the blastocyst and trophoblast on eight to ten days of pregnancy. Enzyme activities in blastocoelic fluid were much less than in the trophoblast with the exception of amylase which was higher.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091590305
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  • 98
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    Pseudoepiphyses or notches in the non-epiphyseal end of metacarpal bones in healthy childrenThis work was supported in part by AM-03816 from the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 159 (1967), S. 263-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Longitudinal series of hand x-rays from healthy white children (116 boys, 118 girls) of Fels growth studies were investigated. Notchings of the nonepiphyseal end of the first, second and fifth metacarpal bones were found in every child. Beginning from infancy or early childhood, the notchings follow a sequence of developmental stages (obtuse-angle; acute-angle; cleft: underlying, edge-to-edge, overjutting; and fusion) until they disappear one to one and one-half years before onset of puberty. The notching intensity in the second and the fifth metacarpal bones was rated. A moderate degree of association in notching intensity was demonstrated between brothers and sisters.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091590304
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  • 99
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    The microscopy of “brown degeneration” in the adrenal gland of the mouse (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 159 (1967), S. 291-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: “Brown degeneration,” a pigmentary process of the adrenal gland of the mouse, was consistently induced by administration of ethinyl estradiol. Mice similarly treated with diethylstilbestrol or peanut oil (control) developed only small amounts of pigment. Histochemically, the pigment was ceroid and had its origin in the inner cells of the cortex in both females and males, with the fully developed pigmentation distributed in the cortex in animals of both sexes, and also in the medulla in males. Ultrastructurally, ceroid formation progressed from small pigment granules morphologically similar to lysosomes, to large composite, pleomorphic pigment bodies composed of unique granular configurations and membranous components. The ceroid deposits were interpreted to represent lipid products resulting from altered fat metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091590307
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  • 100
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    A technique of decalcification suited to electron microscopy of tissues closely associated with boneThis investigation was supported by Public Health Service Research grant NB-04993 from the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Blindness and National Science Foundation grant GB-4159. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 159 (1967), S. 281-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Systematic experiments have resulted in a method of decalcification which, although specifically developed for cytological study of reptilian aural tissue, should be applicable to other problems involving electron microscopy of organic components of bone or tissues closely associated with bone. Reptilian otic capsules and control specimens of mammalian hepatic tissue were subjected to planned variations of fixatives and decalcifying agents, embedded, sectioned, and evaluated by light and electron microscopy. Additionally, applicability of the more satisfactory agents to other mammalian tissue was checked by limited testing on specimens from Mongolian gerbils. Acceptable results were achieved in tissues fixed in glutaraldehyde, and then decalcified in cold 0.1 M solutions of disodium or tetrasodium EDTA (adjusted to pH 7.2-7.4 with sodium hydroxide or versenic acid, respectively), containing 4.0% glutaraldehyde; following decalcification, specimens were washed in buffer, postfixed in osmium tetroxide, and embedded in epoxy resins with minor modification of standard techniques. Acceptable cytological detail and morphological relationships were retained, and extended treatment with the decalcifying solution did not apparently result in degradation of tissues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091590306
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