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  • 1980-1984
  • 1975-1979  (5,533)
  • 1975  (5,533)
  • Chemistry  (5,504)
  • pharmacokinetics
  • Nuclear reactions
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 8 (1975), S. 63-69 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Diabetes mellitus ; sulfonylurea ; glipizide ; glibenclamide ; pharmacokinetics ; excretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Four subjects received 5 mg14C-glipizide orally, 3 subjects 1 mg intravenously and 2 subjects 5 mg14C-glibenclamide orally. Plasma levels of radioactivity, and urinary and faecal excretion were measured. For both drugs the disappearance of radioactivity from plasma followed complex kinetics and the apparent half-lives increased steadily with time. The two sulfonylureas were extensively metabolized and were excreted in the urine as hydroxylated or conjugated metabolites. The effects of both drugs on blood glucose and immunoreactive insulin were comparable. The findings are compared with other published results.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 8 (1975), S. 91-96 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Carbamazepine ; pharmacokinetics ; man ; diphenylhydantoin ; phenobarbital ; plasma binding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Carbamazepine (2.7–3 mg/kg) was administered orally as an alcoholic solution (50% v/v) to eight healthy volunteers. Two of the subjects were also given 50 mg and 100 mg of carbamazepine in alcoholic solution and 200 mg as a tablet. Plasma concentrations, which were analysed by mass fragmentography, reached a maximum 1 – 7 hours after dosing, and then declined monoexponentially with half-lives ranging from 24 to 46 hours. The half-lives were independent of dose. The apparent distribution volume ranged from 0.79 to 1.40 l/kg. It was found that 72% of carbamazepine was bound to plasma proteins with little interindividual variation, and this was not influenced by the presence of diphenylhydantoin or phenobarbital in therapeutic concentrations. The pharmacokinetic parameters calculated from single oral doses were used to predict the steady-state plasma concentration expected after treatment with multiple doses of 200 mg three times daily. The predicted steady-state concentration was 2 – 3 times higher than that reported in patients undergoing chronic treatment with carbamazepine at this dose level, i.e. the pharmacokinetics of carbamazepine apparently change during multiple dosing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 8 (1975), S. 241-248 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: pharmacokinetics ; experimental design
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary It is apparent from studying recent articles on pharmacokinetics that a number of misunder-standings exist, both about the design of experiments and the analysis of results. The purpose of this paper is to outline many of the common pitfalls associated with the design of experiments and also the limitations upon the analysis of results. The paper describes mathematical, laboratory and clinical aspects which must be examined in designing a protocol for pharmacokinetic experiments. Simulated data is presented to demonstrate the dangers of using standard computer programs for parameter estimation. Even when convergence is obtained the answers may be dependent on the method employed. A mathematical model is of little use unless a reasonable amount of good, accurate data is obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 8 (1975), S. 249-254 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Clonazepam ; 7-amino-clonazepam ; pharmacokinetics ; side-effects ; man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Clonazepam (CNP) and its principal metabolite in plasma, 7-amino-CNP (ACNP), have been investigated in a prospective study of 27 newly diagnosed epileptics and correlated with specified side-effects. At a daily dose of 6 mg, the average plasma levels of both substances were about 50ng/ml, and individual values ranged from 30 to about 80ng/ml. There was a linear correlation between changes in dose and the resulting plasma levels, which indicates first order elimination kinetics. Side-effects were frequent, but neither their severity nor their occurrence could be related to plasma levels or to the rate of increase in plasma concentration of the drug. Three out of five patients who developed serious dysphoria had significantly high CNP levels. The concentration of ACNP was considerably increased in four patients who subsequently suffered from withdrawal symptoms. Drug interaction with diphenylhydantoin, i.e. decreased CNP level, was observed in all five patients who received both compounds. In general it is not yet possible to define an upper limit for the plasma levels of CNP and ACNP at which toxicity occurs. In patients treated with conventional doses of CNP, measurement of plasma concentration is not required, except in special circumstances, because of the lack of correlation between plasma level and side-effects.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 8 (1975), S. 271-275 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Fluorophenindione ; vitamin K antagonist ; pharmacokinetics ; loading dose ; anticoagulant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary After administration of a single loading dose (80 mg p.o.) of fluorophenindione, the prothrombin level decreased to 37 % in 24 h, and the effect lasted for 48 h. Accordingly, fluorophenindione can be classified as an anticoagulant with an “intermediate” effect. Its elimination half-life was 31 h, which is longer than that of phenindione, because of the greater stability of the fluorinated derivate.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 8 (1975), S. 343-347 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Nortriptyline ; pharmacokinetics ; man ; two compartment model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Plasma concentrations of nortriptyline have been assayed in four subjects after intravenous infusion of 57 mg nortriptyline hydrochloride. The data were evaluated according to a two compartment open model. The calculated best-fitting curves were in good agreement with the experimental data, better than could be expected from a simpler model. This justifies the assumption that the kinetics of nortriptyline in man may be described by this model with an appropriate input function. The data permitted estimation of all the parameters of the model. The meaning of the parameters is discussed, particularly in relation to individual variation.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 8 (1975), S. 157-160 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Isosorbide dinitrate ; pharmacokinetics ; metabolism ; pharmacological action ; nitrates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary An oral dose of 5 mg of14C-isosorbide dinitrate was rapidly absorbed, biotransformed and excreted by human subjects. Peak whole blood concentrations of radioactivity were reached after 1.5 to 2 hours and declined relatively slowly. The radioactivity in whole blood mainly represented metabolites, isosorbide mononitrates. The peak concentrations found were 4.5, 11.7 and 34.3 ng/ml of isosorbide dinitrate, isosorbide 2-mononitrate and isosorbide 5-mononitrate, respectively, in the blood of one subject and 5.9, 15 and 61.3 ng/ml, respectively, in the blood of another subject. However, concentrations of the metabolites declined relatively slowly during 6 h after the oral dose. Up to 99% of an oral dose of isosorbide dinitrate was excreted during 5 days, mainly in the urine of the first day (ca. 78%). The results showed that isosorbide mononitrates were available to contribute to the pharmacological action.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 8 (1975), S. 261-265 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Phenacetin ; pharmacokinetics ; liver-first-pass effect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetic characteristics of the analgesic phenacetin have been determined in six healthy adults. After rapid i.v. injection of 250 mg phenacetin, the log plasma concentrations versus time curves were evaluated according to the rules of a two-compartment open model. The elimination half-life (t 1/2) β varied from 37 to 74 minutes. The volume of distribution (Vd) β ranged from 1.0 to 2.1 1 per kg body weight. The total clearance of the drug was high and approximated the average value of hepatic blood flow in normal adults. In agreement with this finding, the bioavailability of a small oral dose of phenacetin (0.25 g) was almost nil, as the bulk of the drug was cleared during its first pass through the liver. With large oral doses (1.0 g) the first-pass effect decreased and availability increased. The results are discussed and related to current general views of the liver-first-pass phenomenon.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 8 (1975), S. 217-222 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Co-trimoxazole ; sulphamethoxazole ; trimethoprim ; pharmacokinetics ; paediatric-prescribing ; dosage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Co-trimoxazole, a mixture of one part trimethoprim (TMP) and five parts of sulphamethoxazole (SMX) in fixed ratio was given to 48 children aged between one and 48 months twice daily for up to seven days. Twenty were relatively healthy and 28 were very ill. Dosage was based on age. Plasma concentrations of both drugs were measured just before a dose was due and some three hours later. They were in the effective but not toxic range and serve to justify the simple regimen which generated them.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 8 (1975), S. 255-260 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Vitamin D ; renal osteodystrophy ; 5,6-trans-25-hydroxycholecalciferol ; rickets ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Vitamin D analogues of high biological activity are probably useful in the treatment of renal osteodystrophy. The pharmacokinetics of the synthetic compound 5,6-trans-25-hydroxycholecalciferol have been studied in healthy subjects who were of normal vitamin D status. In comparison to natural 25-hydroxy-cholecalciferol, serum levels of the analogue were lower and its half-life in blood after oral or intravenous administration was considerably shorter. In normal subjects no increase of dihydroxylated metabolites in serum was observed within seven days of an intravenous dose.
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 8 (1975), S. 353-357 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Chlormethiazole ; pharmacokinetics ; man ; plasma levels ; gas-liquid chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of chlormethiazole have been studied in six healthy volunteers following an intravenous infusion of the drug. The log. plasma concentration-time curve of chlormethiazole after cessation of the infusion was found to be curvilinear and was fitted therefore, by a bi-exponential equation computed by non-linear least squares regression analysis. Half-lives for the inital α-phase (0.54±0.05 h) and the terminal β-phase (4.05 ±0.60 h) were calculated together with other pharmacokinetic parameters of the two compartment open model. An explanation for the discrepancy between the presently reported plasma half-lives and those appearing in the literature has been presented. The pharmacokinetic treatment of the plasma concentration-time data obtained following intravenous infusion also enabled the prediction that the maximal systemic availability of an orally administered dose of chlormethiazole would be of the order of 15%.
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 8 (1975), S. 283-284 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Newborn infants ; carbamazepine ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The plasma elimination of carbamazepine (Tegretol®) was studied in five newborns who had got the drug transplacentally from their epileptic mothers. The half-lives ranged from 8.2 – 27.7 hours which is comparable or even shorter than those found in adults after a single oral dose, but in the same range as those found in adults after multiple oral doses. This suggests that the newborns' drug metabolizing capacity has been induced during fetal life.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 9 (1975), S. 1-8 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Serum concentrations ; individual drug dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; individual variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The importance of individualizing the dosage of potent drugs in order to maximize their therapeutic effectiveness and safety is generally accepted. Whenever possible the dosage of a drug should be “titrated” directly in each patient against the intensity of its therapeutic or toxic actions. Unfortunately, for many drugs convenient clinical yardsticks of the intensity of their pharmacologic effects are lacking. Determination of the serum concentration of such compounds can help to guide adjustment of dosage during their therapeutic use. By measuring the serum level of drugs one bypasses the largest source of individual differences in doseeffect relationships — the pharmacokinetic variation between subjects. However, the relationship between the serum concentration of a drug and the intensity of its pharmacodynamic action is influenced by many other factors, which must always be considered in interpretation of serum levels. Therapeutic decisions should never be based solely on the serum concentration of a compound, nor can such measurements ever substitute for careful medical observation and judgement.
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 9 (1975), S. 57-61 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Furosemide ; gastrointestinal absorption ; diuretics ; glucuronides ; pharmacokinetics ; metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 35S-furosemide was administered orally (n=7) or i.v. (n=2) to healthy subjects. The average gastrointestinal uptake estimated by comparison of the urinary recovery of label and the areas under the plasma curves after the two routes of administration was 65%. The half life of radioactivity in the plasma after oral35S-furosemide was 90 ± 17 min (estimated on the slope between 2 and 6 h); the corresponding figure after35S-furosemide i.v. was 47–53 min (slope 0.5–4 h). There was probably a slower phase after 4–6 h. Fractionation of labelled material in urine from two subjects demonstrated that approximately two thirds of the label recovered at 24 h had the same chromatographic properties as furosemide. A major part of the metabolite(s) was probably furosemide glucuronide. There was no evidence that 4-chloro-5-sulfamoylanthranilic acid was formed in man. The total urinary recovery of label (5–7 d) after oral and intravenous administration was 55.1±3.2 (mean±SD) and 82–84%, respectively. After35S-furosemide i.v., 6–9% of the label was recovered in faeces, and it could not be accounted for solely by biliary excretion of furosemide.
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  • 15
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Pivampicillin ; ampicillin ; probenecid ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twenty male volunteers received oral doses (2100, 1050, and 525 mg) of a pivampicillin-probenecid salt in a 1 to 1 molar ratio (MK-356) at 12 hour intervals. After each dose peak serum concentrations of probenecid were observed 2 hours later than peak concentrations of ampicillin. Following the first dose of MK-356 the apparent elimination rate of ampicillin was dose-dependent and did not follow first order kinetics, as it showed a longer apparent half life after a higher dose. An equal dose of MK-356 administered 12 hours later caused an increase in the peak serum ampicillin level greater than expected from the concentration of ampicillin after the preceding dose. In twelve male volunteers who received at random 525 mg of MK-356 or 350 mg of pivampicillin, each three times daily for 4 days, the areas under the ampicillin concentration curve were the same after the first or last dose of either drug. When 2100 or 1050 mg of MK-356 was taken as an initial dose, 30 to 40 per cent of the ampicillin was recovered from urine in the ensuing 12 hours. The results indicate that when at least 400 mg probenecid was coadministered twice daily with 700 mg pivampicillin (MK-356), the peak serum concentrations of ampicillin were increased and its elimination rate slowed following successive doses.
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 9 (1975), S. 135-145 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Anturan® ; 14C-label ; man ; pharmacokinetics ; biotransformation ; C-glucuronidation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The absorption, biotransformation and elimination of sulfinpyrazone, 1,2-diphenyl-3,5-dioxo-4-(2′-phenylsufinylethyl)-pyrazolidine, have been studied by administration of single 200 mg oral doses of a14C-labelled preparation to two male volunteers. Absorption from the gastro-intestinal tract was rapid and complete and the plasma concentration of unchanged drug reached maximum values of 22.67 and 13.04 µg/ml, respectively, after 1 – 2 hours. The elimination half-life in the two subjects, calculated from the decline between 3 and 8 hours, was 2.7 and 2.2 hours. The integrated concentration of unchanged sulfinpyrazone in plasma, estimated from the area under the concentration curves (AUC), was almost as high as that of total14C-substances, so the proportion of metabolized drug in plasma was low. In no case did the AUC of the three specifically determined metabolites, i.e. the sulphone G 31 442, the “para-hydroxy”-compound G 32 642 and the “4-hydroxy”-compound GP 52 097, exceed 4% of the sulfinpyrazone value. More than 95% of whole blood radioactivity was confined to plasma. The oral dose was rapidly and completely excreted, since within 4 days more than 95% was recovered, 85% from urine and 10% from faeces. A large proportion of the dose was excreted as unchanged drug in the two volunteers: 51 and 54% of total urinary radioactivity was present as sulfinpyrazone; 8.2 and 8.8% was present as “para-hydroxy”-metabolite, 2.7 and 3.0% as sulphone-metabolite, and 0.6 and 0.8% as “4-hydroxy”-metabolite. About 30% of urinary radioactivity consisted of highly polar metabolites. Spectroscopy of them showed that they were the C-β-glucuronides of sulfinpyrazone (28%) and the corresponding sulfone (2%). In these metabolites the C(4) of the pyrazolidine ring was directly attached to glucuronic acid, and thus they represent a new type of biosynthetic conjugate.
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 9 (1975), S. 155-159 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Anticonvulsants ; benzazepines ; clonazepam ; pharmacokinetics ; gas chromatography ; man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Eight healthy volunteers were given single i.v. and oral doses of clonazepam (2 mg). The disposition curves after i.v. administration showed a biexponential decline and the data were applied to a two-compartment open model. The volume of distribution ((Vd)β) ranged between 1.5 and 4.4 l/kg and the plasma half-life (t1/2) between 19 and 60 hours. Absorption after oral administration was fast, with peak plasma concentrations within 4 hours in all subjects. Five of the subjects received repeated oral doses of clonazepam 0.5 mg bid for 15 days. The plasma level during steady state (estimated as Cmin within the dose interval) could be predicted from the constants A, B, α and β obtained in the single dose study with a coefficient of variation of 6%. The plasma half-lives after cessation of the subchronic dosing were of the same magnitude as after single doses.
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 9 (1975), S. 179-187 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Etilefrine ; pharmacokinetics ; metabolism ; first-pass effect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pharmacokinetic and metabolic studies with3H-etilefrine were performed to assess the importance of a first-pass effect on the pharmacodynamic action of this sympathomimetic amine. Identical amounts of3H-activity, ca. 80% of the dose, were excreted in the urine after intravenous or oral administration, which indicates complete enteral absorption of the drug. Comparison of the areas under the plasma curves of unchanged etilefrine after both routes of administration resulted in a bioavailability factor of 0.55, which can be explained by an extensive first-pass effect. The time curve of plasma levels of etilefrine was compatible with an open 2-compartment model characterized by a rather large volume of distribution (Vd, β) of 160 1, and a predominant half life of 2 hours. The pharmacodynamic action corresponded to the amount of drug in the central compartment. The major pathway of metabolism of etilefrine was conjugation to form the phenolic sulphate, and a very minor proportion of the drug was excreted as the corresponding hydroxymandelic acid. This metabolic pattern seems to confirm our hypothesis that phenylalkylamines with the hydroxyl group in the m-position of the benzene ring are predominantly conjugated in contrast to p-hydroxylated compounds which are mainly deaminated.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 9 (1975), S. 169-178 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Heptabarbital ; heptabarbital sodium ; pharmacokinetics ; plasma concentration ; single and multiple dose kinetics ; relative bioavailability ; urinary excretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A method has been developed for the quantitative determination of heptabarbital [5-(1-cyclohepten-1-yl)-5-ethylbarbituric acid] in human plasma after administration of single therapeutic doses of the drug. It involves a single extraction step followed by gas chromatography with alkali flame ionization detection, and the results were linear in the concentration range 0.125 – 5.0 µg/ml plasma. The pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of heptabarbital and heptabarbital sodium were studied in a crossover design in 7 healthy volunteers after oral administration of 20 tablets containing 200 mg heptabarbital and hard gelatine capsules containing an equivalent amount of its sodium salt. Heptabarbital concentrations in plasma were determined at regular intervals. The absorption of heptabarbital from the tablets was quite slow and peak level times varied from 1.5 to 4 h. The sodium salt was absorbed more rapidly and peak concentrations occurred between 1/3 and 2 h. In all cases the elimination of heptabarbital could be described by a single first-order process with an average half-life of 7.6 h (range 6.1 – 11.2 h). The half-life of the drug in each individual was about the same in the two trials. The relative bioavailability in each volunteer was estimated by comparing the areas under the plasma concentration curves. The sodium salt had an average bioavailability of 83% relative to the free acid. In some volunteers urinary excretion of unchanged heptabarbital was measured; cumulative excretion amounted to 0.16 – 0.30% of the administered dose. Four volunteers received one tablet each night for eight or ten days, but no accumulation was found. In three volunteers the half-life of the drug prior to and after these experiments did not change, whereas in the other volunteer the half-life decreased from 7.1 to 4.6 h. The possibility of enzyme induction should be considered when heptabarbital is taken regularly. It was concluded that heptabarbital was a suitable drug for the treatment of insomnia, since its half-life was rather short. Heptabarbital sodium may be used for induction of sleep, whereas Medomin® tablets, i.e. heptabarbital free acid, may be prescribed when the maintenance of sleep is the primary reason for treatment with a hypnotic drug.
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  • 20
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    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 9 (1975), S. 199-207 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Indomethacin ; acetylsalicylic acid ; drug interaction ; oral and rectal dosing ; serum levels ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A clinical-pharmacological study was performed to determine the effect of acetylsalicylic acid upon the serum concentration of indomethacin. 14 rheumatic patients were given indomethacin orally (25 mg × 4 for 4 days) and concurrently acetylsalicylic acid 3.7 g orally (0.9 g × 3 and 1.0 g × 1 daily), and 21 rheumatic patients were given indomethacin rectally in the morning (100 mg × 1) and concurrently acetylsalicylic acid 3.7 g orally (0.9 g × 3 and 1.0 g × 1 daily). On comparison with treatment with oral or rectal indomethacin alone, it was found that peak serum concentrations of indomethacin were significantly reduced (1% level), the times of the peaks were not shifted, and the areas beneath the serum concentration curves of indomethacin were smaller, but significantly so only if compared with rectal administration. In 12 rheumatic patients given indomethacin by rectum in the evening (100 mg × 1) and concurrently acetylsalicylic acid 3.7 g (0.9 g × 3 and 1.0 g × 1 daily), the serum level of indomethacin on the following morning (after 11 h) did not differ from that found after rectal treatment. A statistically but not biologically significant difference was observed between the mean serum half-lives of indomethacin given orally and rectally. For unknown reasons, concurrent doses of acetylsalicylic acid and indomethacin made the mean serum half-life of indomethacin longer than after its oral administration, but shorter than when the same dose of indomethacin was given rectally. There was no difference between serum levels of salicylate after oral administration of acetylsalicylic acid alone or after a concurrent oral or rectal dose of indomethacin. The results have been related to those reported previously, with respect to the interaction between indomethacin and acetylsalicylic acid, the serum levels of indomethacin after oral and rectal dosing, and the serum half-life of indomethacin based upon a one- or two-compartment model. The clinical relevance of the study is discussed.
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
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    European journal of clinical pharmacology 9 (1975), S. 229-234 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Quercetin ; flavonoids ; pharmacokinetics ; absorption ; disposition ; metabolism ; man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of quercetin, a flavonoid, have been studied in 6 volunteers after single intravenous (100 mg) and oral (4 g) doses. The data after iv administration were analyzed according to a two compartment open model with half lives of 8.8±1.2 min for the α phase and 2.4±0.2 h for the β phase (predominant half life), respectively. Protein binding was 〉98%. The apparent volume of distribution was small at 0.34±0.03 l/kg. Of the intravenous dose 7.4±1.2% was excreted in urine as a conjugated metabolite, and 0.65±0.1% was excreted unchanged. After oral administration no measurable plasma concentrations could be detected, nor was any quercetin found in urine, either unchanged or in a metabolized form. These results exclude absorption of more than 1% of unchanged drug. Recovery in faeces after the oral dose was 53±5%, which suggests extensive degradation by microorganisms in the gut. The data obtained show that oral administration of flavonoids may be of questionable value.
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  • 22
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    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 8 (1975), S. 97-105 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Di-n-propylacetate ; 2-propyl-valeric acid sodium salt ; pharmacokinetics ; anti-epileptic ; drug monitoring ; man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of the anti-epileptic drug di-n-propylacetate (DepakineR) have been studied in 7 patients, in whom plasma concentrations were determined during and following subchronic treatment. Elimination of the drug appeared to follow a monophasic exponential course; biological half lives were 8 to 15 hours. The data supported the assumption that an open one-compartment model can be used to describe the kinetics of dipropylacetate in man. The drug appeared to have a relatively restricted distribution: calculated relative distribution volumes ranged from 0.15 to 0.40 1/kg. There were large interindividual differences in clearance rate. The therapeutic range was considered to be between 50 and 100 mg/1 plasma. Plasma levels of phenobarbital were markedly raised during treatment with dipropylacetate for an unknown reason. Determination of the plasma concentrations of drugs at accurately fixed times appears to be a reliable method for pharmacotherapeutic monitoring of epileptic patients.
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  • 23
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    European journal of clinical pharmacology 8 (1975), S. 337-341 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Carbamazepine ; carbamamazepine-10,11-epoxide ; pharmacokinetics ; induction of metabolism ; man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Carbamazepine (Tegretol®) was administered orally to four patients as a single dose, and one week later three times daily for 15–21 days. The plasma half-lives of the drug were shorter in all patients after multiple doses (20.9±5.0 hours) than after the initial single dose (35.6±15.3 hours). During multiple doses the plasma concentrations of the metabolite carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide followed those of the parent drug. The steady-state plasma concentrations expected during multiple doses were calculated from the pharmacokinetic parameters obtained in the single dose studies. The calculated levels were higher (17.2±7.2 µg/ml) than the observed maximal concentrations (8.4±1.6 µg/ml on day 4), which were obtained 3–4 days after starting the multiple doses. The levels tended to decrease further during the experimental period. The results suggest that carbamazepine induces its own metabolism in man.
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  • 24
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    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 3 (1975), S. 181-192 
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: digoxin ; two-compartment model ; pharmacokinetics ; urinary excretion ; radioimmunoassay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Normal subjects were given 0.75 mg of intravenous digoxin as a bolus and a 1-hr infusion, Radio-immunoassayed serum concentrations obtained over 48 hr and urinary excretion rates over 6 days were simultaneously fitted to a two- compartment open model by computer nonlinear least-squares regression. Serum concentration data alone were also fitted by this program. There was good agreement in calculated parameters between the two routes of administration in five of eight subjects, but the infusion mode of administration produced less variability in the apparent pharmacokinetic constants. The β half-life values obtained from serum concentration data alone (24.2 hr) underestimated the half-lives obtained by the simultaneous fit (44.1 hr). The steady-state volume of distribution of digoxin averaged 590±164 liters (±1 sd).The renal clearance of digoxin (140±41 ml/min/1.73 m 2 )was significantly higher than creatinine clearance (101±13 ml/min/ 1.73 m 2 ),indicating tubular secretion of the drug. Digoxin body clearances were 188±44 ml/min/ 1.73 m 2 ,indicating elimination of 25% of the dose by nonrenal mechanisms. Urinary excretion data are essential for proper pharmacokinetic analysis of digoxin disposition and reveal a slower rate of elimination than that suggested by earlier studies which determined only serum concentrations.
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  • 25
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 35-35 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 26
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Stress Intensity Factors in the Neighbourhood of a Circular Hole and their Influence on Crack Behavior.A photoelastic method was developed to determine the stress intensity factors KI and KII for cracks subjected to mixed-mode loading. The constants in the near field expansion about the crack tip were computed using a non-linear optimization program to give a best fit to the observed isochromatics. Copying the latter onto an equal density film increased their sharpness and, thus, the accuracy of the determination. The method was applied to cracks lying perpendicular to the external stress near a circular hole in a plate under uniaxial tension and the results used to describe the paths of cracks in the neighbourhood of a hole.
    Notes: Es wurden Modellexperimente durchgeführt, um den Einfluß von Inhomogenitäten - wie etwa Poren oder Einschlüsse - auf das Bruchverhalten unter statischer Belastung zu untersuchen. Änderungen der Ausbreitungsrichtung eines Risses, verursacht durch die Wechselwirkung mit einem Kreisloch in einer einachsig belasteten Platte, wurden gemessen. Zum Verständnis der beobachteten Abweichungen wurden die Spannungsfaktoren KI und KII eines Risses in der Nähe eines Kreisloches in einer Platte spannungsoptisch bestimmt. Hierzu wurden die Isochromaten um eine Rißspitze durch Verwendung eines Äquidensitenfilmes photographisch verschärft und die erhaltenen Linien durch ein nicht-lineares Optimierungsprogramm an die Nahfeld-Lösung der Spannungsverteilung um eine Rißspitze angepaßt.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 27
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 28
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Experience with Water Heaters of Stainless Steel.Different stainless steels and their importance in the construction of domestic water heaters. Types of corrosion and their importance in water heating practice. Important aspects for manufacture. Experience gained with stainless steel water heaters.
    Notes: Die verschiedenen nichrtrostenden Stähle und ihre Bedeutung für den Bau von Warmwasserbereitern. Korrosionsarten bei nichtrostenden Stählen und ihre Bedeutung im Zusammenhang mit der Warmwasserbereitung. Wichtige Gesichtspunkte für die Fertigung. Bisherige praktische Erfahrungen mit Warmwasserbereitern aus nichtrostendem Stahl.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
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  • 29
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 70-72 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 30
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 31
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 95-108 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Concerning Investigation of Internal Electrodeposition Stress and Residual Internal Stress in Electrodeposited Nickel Coatings by Spiral Contractometer and “Strip Dilatometer” Methods.For assessing the affect of material and plating conditions on internal stress in electrodeposited coatings and its influence on material strength of plated parts it is better knowing internal stress in thin, just deposited layers (while plating process continuous) and also the course of internal stress in the coating (after plating has been finished) instead of investigating an average stress in the coating. In order to get this more substantial information on internal stresses in electrodeposited coatings a deposition model - gradual composition of the coating - and stress calculation methods were developed for Spiral Contractometer and “Strip Dilatometer”. Both methods were applied on measurements in a Watts-Nickel electrolyte.
    Notes: Für die Beurteilung werkstoff- und abscheidungsbedingter Eigenspannungszustände in galvanischen Schichten und ihres Einflusses auf Festigkeitseigenschaften beschichteter Bauteile ist es vorteilhaft, statt der mittleren Schichteigenspannungen erstens kontinuierlich über dem Schichtwachstum die Eigenspannungen dünner Schichtinkremente zu ermitteln und zweitens den Verlauf der - nach beendeter Abscheidung - tatsächlich über der Schichtdicke wirkenden Eigenspannungen zu bestimmen. Um diese differenzierte Aussage über Eigenspannungen in galvanischen Schichten zu erhalten, wurden anhand eines Abscheidungsmodells - schrittweiser Aufbau der Schicht - Rechenverfahren für Messungen mit dem Spiralkontraktometer und dem Streifendehnungsmeßgerät entwickelt und an Nickelschichten aus dem Watts-Bad praktisch erprobt.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 32
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 108-108 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 33
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 34
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 52-54 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Experimental Investigation of the Statistical Size-Effect in Fatigue Tests with Unnotched Specimens.In constant-load-fatigue-tests with unnotched specimens of different lengths, the statistical effect of specimen's size in probability of lifetime to fracture was determined.
    Notes: Im einstufigen Dauerschwingversuch an ungekerbten Proben mit unterschiedlichen Meßlängen konnte der statistische Einfluß der Probengröße auf deren Bruchwahrscheinlichkeit experimentell nachgewiesen werden.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 35
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 58-66 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Manufacture and Properties of Electrolytic Copper Powder.The scope of this paper is a survey of manufacturing of electrolytic copper powders at Norddeutsche Affinerie, Hamburg. A general description of the process is followed by:1. Possibilities of controlled adjustment of electrolytic deposition process.2. Typical data of the as-deposited copper powders.3. Processing to powders exhibiting properties well suited for industrial applications, especially for carbon brushes, friction materials and sintered parts.
    Notes: Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt eine Übersicht über die Herstellung von Elektrolyt-Kupferpulvern dei der Norddeutschen Affinerie, Hamburg. Im Anschluß an eine allgemeine Verfahrensbeschreibung werden behandelt:1. Möglichkeiten zur gezielten Steuerung des elektrolytischen Abscheideprozesses.2. Kennwerte der primär abgeschiedenen Kupferpulver.3. Aufarbeitung zu Pulvern, die für industrielle Anwendungen-insbesondere Kohlebürsten, Reibwerkstoffe und Sinterteile - geeignete Kennwerte aufweisen.
    Additional Material: 23 Ill.
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  • 36
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 37
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 153-156 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Quantitative holographic testing of fibre reinforced plastic components of spacecrafts.The quantitative evaluation of holographic interferograms lead to an exact determination of displacements and deformations of arbitrary shaped objects. The measurements can be carried out in the range of about 0 to 100 μm with an accuracy of ± 0,05 μm. The application of this method is reported for the case of spacecraft components under thermal and mechanical load.
    Notes: Die quantitative Auswertung holographischer Interferogramme erlaubt eine exakte Bestimmung von Verschiebungen und Verformungen an beliebig geformten Objekten. Die Messungen im Bereich von ca. 0 bis 100 μm können dabei mit einer Genauigkeit von ± 0,05 μm durchgeführt werden. Es wird über die Anwendung dieses Verfahrens auf einige Bauteile aus der Raumfahrttechnik berichtet, die einer thermischen bzw. mechanischen Last ausgesetzt wurden.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 38
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 176-179 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 39
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 40
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 41
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 206-209 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 42
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 181-187 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Clad plates for construction of apparatus.Importance of clad plates on the field of the construction of apparatus for the chemistry and patrol chemistry. Description of a cladding process to bond permanently and integrally ferritic steels and corrosion resistant and heat resistant materials by rolling. Information on available combinations of materials and gauge as well as on indispensable requirements to be met by the quality of the material.Results of tests carried out on the bond. Distribution of the elements between the clad and the base material. Bond properties, corrosion behaviour, toughness values and tensile properties of clad plates, heat treatment, cutting and welding of clad plates. Demonstration of applications.
    Notes: Bedeutung plattierter Grobbleche im Apparatebau für die chemische und petrochemische Industrie. Beschreibung des Verfahrens, mit dem ferritische Stähle und korrosions- bzw. hitzebeständige Werkstoffe sich durch Walzplattieren dauerhaft verbinden lassen. Hinweise auf lieferbare Werkstoffkombinationen und Abmessungen sowie auf notwendige Qualitätsanforderungen.Ergebnisse von Untersuchungen der Verbindungsschicht. Verteilung der Elemente zwischen Auflage- und Grundwerkstoff. Haftfestigkeit, Korrosionsverhalten, Zähigkeits- und Festigkeitseigenschaften des Schichtsystems, Wärmebehandlung, Schneiden und Schweißen plattierter Grobbleche. Anwendungsbeispiele.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
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  • 43
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 44
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 1-6 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Engineering Plating - A Chance for the Engineer in Future.Electroplating as well as chemical plating will become a more and more applicated procedure to produce special properties of the surface of technical components. Therefore the engineer and the plater have to discuss their problems to find out the best way of protection against the various possible kinds of stressing and to state the necessary rules of construction, materials selection, pretreatment, plating and the following finishing operations. Test methods are to standardize and the properties of the composite substrate/metal layer are to describe and to limit.
    Notes: Die Galvanotechnik hat die Chance, als anerkanntes Fertigungsverfahren verstärkten Eingang in die industrielle Anwendung zu finden, wenn es gelingt, den Ingenieur von ihrer Leistungsfähigkeit zu überzeugen. Dazu gehören die Beschreibung der Eigenschaften von Überzug und galvanisiertem Bauteil, die Standardisierung von Prüfverfahren zur Ermittlung dieser Eigenschaften und die Spezifizierung der Galvanisierverfahren einschließlich der notwendigen Vorbehandlung und der eventuell zu empfehlenden Nachbehandlung zum Zwecke einer Gütesicherung. Eine Ausweitung der Anwendungsgebiete der Galvanotechnik gewinnt mit dem Wachsen der Probleme im Bereich der Werkstoffgewinnung und -erhaltung wie auch durch die Verschärfung der wirtschaftlichen Lage zunehmend an Bedeutung.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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  • 45
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 17-29 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: New Test Methods of Ceramic Materials.The conventional tests of ceramic materials produce strength data which depend on specimen size and testing procedures. That is because of the particular brittle defect structure of these materials. To get material constants one may use statistic relations and data based on fracture mechanics test methods or on energy concept. In this paper the different methods obtaining strength data characterizing the brittle structure are represented with a critical examination of its validity. The trend in the special field is emphasized.
    Notes: Neben einer reproduzierbaren Herstellung des Gefügeaufbaus ist für den Einsatz keramischer Werkstoffe die materialspezifische Beschreibung des Festigkeitsverhaltens von entscheidender Bedeutung. Mit konventionellen Festigkeitsbetrachtungen, die über einen Nennspannungsnachweis laufen, lassen sich wegen der makroskopisch spröden Defektstruktur nur vergleichende Betrachtungen anstellen. Neben einer werkstoffspezifischen Kennzeichnung sollten insbesondere solche Festigkeitsprüfverfahren angewendet werden, welche die Übertragung der im Laborversuch ermittelten Meßdaten auf ein Konstruktionsteil gestatten. Dies läßt sich grundsätzlich über statistische, bruchmechanische oder energetische Betrachtungen bzw. deren gegenseitige Verknüpfung erreichen. Die verschiedenen Methoden werden vorgestellt und einer kritischen Prüfung unterzogen. Die Entwicklungstendenzen auf diesem Gebiet werden aufgezeigt.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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  • 46
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 47
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 48
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 180-180 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 49
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 50
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 51
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 210-214 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 52
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 53
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 54
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 55
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 361-367 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The Use of Titanium Castings to Produce a Complex Shaped Intermediate Casing of RB 199.This paper describes the present position on a highly stressed casing and its functions in the RB 199-34 R engine. When the parts of the casing are made from solid forged titanium billets, up to 93% of the material used is machined away. For this reason, the most complicated parts of the casing were procured as castings and welded together by TIG welding. The paper describes the present quality standard of the titanium castings. The tests on the materials and their mechanical properties show that the castings are inferior to the forgings only with respect to their HCF behaviour and their elongation at rupture. Macroscopic flaws are not entirely inevitable but can be detected by X-ray tests. The future prospects for titanium castings are considered favourable.
    Notes: Der Bericht beschreibt die Lage eines hochbeanspruchten Gehäuses und dessen Funktionen im Triebwerk RB 199-34 R. Bei der Herstellung der Einzelteile des Gehäuses aus massiv geschmiedeten Titanblöcken wird bis zu 93% des eingesetzten Materials zerspant. Die kompliziertesten Partien des Gehäuses wurden deshalb als Gußteil bezogen und mittels WIG-Schweißung verbunden. Der Bericht beschreibt den heutigen Qualitätsstand der Titangußteile. Die Ergebnisse der Werkstoff- und Festigkeitsuntersuchungen weisen nur im HCF-Verhalten und der Bruchdehnung Nachteile des Gusses gegenüber dem geschmiedeten Material aus. Makroskopische Fehler sind nicht vollständing vermeidbar, aber durch Röntgenprüfung nachzuweisen. Die künftigen Aussichten des Titangusses werden positiv beurteilt.
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 384-390 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Development of Hot-Forged Sintered Steels with Optimum Yield Point at Higher Temperature, Fatigue and Impact Strength.The material characteristic values of hot-forged sintered steels are reported. Besides the usual properties, (ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and elongation at room temperature). The behaviour of materials at higher temperature is of great importance. Further, fatigue strength and impact strength must be considered. The influence of heat treatment on these properties were investigated and brought to a correlation with the formation of microstructures.The hot forging P/M preform requires a special attention on alloying elements and alloying techniques. Optimum properties results when using completely alloyed powders or mixed powders by employing special master alloys. This and further problems involving alloying techniques and particularly the behaviour of carbon as an alloying element is reported in details. The correlation between mechanical properties and fracture behaviour is discussed.
    Notes: Für die Ermittlung von Werkstoffkenndaten warmgepreßter Sinterstähle spielt neben den üblichen Eigenschaften (Zugfestigkeit, Streckgrenze und Bruchdehnung bei Raumtemperatur) das Verhalten der Werkstoffe bei erhöhten Temperaturen eine wichtige Rolle. Daneben müssen Dauerwechselfestigkeit und Schlagarbeit berücksichtigt werden. Der Einfluß von Wärmebehandlungen auf diese Eigenschaften ist untersucht und in Beziehung zur Gefügeausbildung gebracht worden.Große Bedeutung erlangt beim Warmpressen pulvermetallurgisch erzeugter Vorformen die geeignete Wahl der Legierungselemente und Legierungsträger. Optimale Eigenschaften ergaben sich bei Verwendung von fertiglegierten Pulvern oder gemischtlegierten Pulvern, wobei jedoch spezielle Vorlegierungen als Legierungsträger eingesetzt werden. Diese und weitere Fragen der Legierungsbildung, insbesondere die Rolle des Kohlenstoffs, werden ausführlich erläutert. Der Zusammenhang zwischen mechanischen Eigenschaften und Bruchverhalten wird diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 57
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 58
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 407-414 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Contribution to the application of the X-ray microprobe within production control and investigation of failures.On the basis of several selected cases the application of the X-ray microprobe within production control and investigation of failures is discussed. The influence of sulphur on nickel as well as that of vitriolic acid on cast iron is demonstrated to show examples of reciprocal actions between metals and environment. The final state of diffusion processes which occur during welding of copper and aluminium as of unsufficiently cleaned low carbon nickel is described. The effects of high temperatures are demonstrated for a X 8 CrNiNb 16 13 header exposed to long time service and of a 14 NiCr 8 pinion being heated and quenchend in a very short period of time. The influence of microchemical composition on the shape of fracture surface of stressed X 2 CrNiMoSi 19 5 3 corrosion test specimens is examined. The identity of the materials of a damaged X 10 CrNiMoTi 18 10 shaft case from a chemical pump and a piece of sintered metal found adjacent to the bearing is demonstrated.
    Notes: Anhand einiger ausgewählter Fälle wird über den Einsatz der Mikrosonde im Rahmen der Schadensforschung und der Betriebsüberwachung berichtet. Als Beispiele für den Nachweis von Wechselwirkungen zwischen Metall und Stoffen aus der Umgebung werden die Schwefelschädigung von Nickel sowie die Oleum-Schädigung von Grauguß vorgestellt. Die Untersuchung des Endzustands von beim Schweißen ablaufenden Diffusionsvorgängen wird an einer Kupfer-Aluminium-Schweißung und an einer nicht einwandfrei durchgeführten Schweißung von LC-Ni99 gezeigt. Die Auswirkungen hoher Temperaturen werden am Beispiel eines langzeitbeanspruchten X 8 CrNiNb 16 13-Heißdampfsammlers sowie eines in örtlich begrenzten Zonen kurzzeiterhitzten und abgeschreckten 14 NiCr 18-Ritzels beschrieben. An zugbeanspruchten X 2 CrNiMoSi 19 5 3-Korrosionsproben wird der Einfluß der mikrochemischen Zusammensetzung auf die Bruchausbildung untersucht, schließlich wird die Übereinstimmung zwischen den Werkstoffen einer zerstörten X 10 CrNiMoTi-Wellenschutzhülse aus einer Chemiepumpe und einem im Lagerungsbereich vorgefundenen gesinterten Metallkörper nachgewiesen.
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
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  • 59
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 60
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 221-225 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 61
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 246-250 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 62
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 63
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 269-280 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Failure Criteria for Polymers. Part I: Analytical Derivation.The failure criteria known from literature are represented in an uniform frame. Their physical or empirical origin is discussed.In the case of an isotropic material, a general state of stress in an orthogonal system of coordinates will cause the same constraint of material as the transformed state of principal stresses.In the case of an anisotropic material it is necessary to calculate with normal stresses and shear stresses parallel to the principal axis of anisotropy.Besides the description of a constraint of materials by stresses, there is also given the definition of a constraint of isotropic materials by strains.The experimental results of thermoplastic materials, thermosets, and glassfibre-reinforced plastics are compared in a second part with the analytically derived criteria of failure.
    Notes: Teil I: Analytische Herleitung.Die aus der Literatur bekannten Versagenskriterien werden in einem einheitlichen Rahmen dargestellt. Auf ihren physikalisch begründeten oder empirisch gewonnenen Ausgangspunkt wird eingegangen.Liegt ein isotroper Werkstoff vor, so bewirkt ein beliebiger Spannungszustand in einem rechtwinkligen Koordinatensystem dieselbe Werkstoffanstrengung wie derjenige Spannungszustand, der durch Transformation in die Hauptspannungsrichtungen entsteht. Dabei ist es gleichgültig, ob sich die Zugfestigkeit von der Druckfestigkeit unterscheidet. Dies ist bei anisotropen Werkstoffen nicht der Fall. Hier muß man stets mit den Normal- bzw. Schubspannungen parallel zu den Anisotropiehauptachsen rechnen.Neben der Beschreibung der Werkstoffanstrengung durch Spannungen wird auch auf die Definition der Anstrengung bei isotropen Werkstoffen infolge Verformungen eingegangen.In einem zweiten Teil werden experimentelle Ergebnisse an Thermoplasten, Duromeren und glasfaserverstärkten Kunststoffen mit den analytisch hergeleiteten Versagenskriterien verglichen.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 64
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 262-268 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigation of the Abrasive Action of Contaminated Lubricating Oils in Narrow Cross-Section Flow Channels.An apparatus is described with which abrasive wear in narrow cross-section channels in model test-pieces, structural units and products can be studied.In the study of abrasive wear, a distinction is made between wear by contacting structural parts and erosion by suspended particles. Narrow cross-section flow channels in pumps, valves, cocks and sealing slits of all kinds are particularly subject to abrasive wear by contaminated operating liquids.Hard particles (e.g. abraded metal particles or minerals such as quartz and corundum) have a particularly severe abrasive effect.Particle size and its distribution, particle quantity and operating pressure all have considerable influence on wear. A simple quantity, which in practice yields valuable information on wear in narrow cross-section channels, is the ratio of particle diameter to channel width (d/h0). In design, a distinction has to be made between static and dynamic slits. The investigations here described were restricted to static slits of breadth between 100 and 600 μm. Particle sizes of 5, 14, 30 and 50 μm were studied at pressures of 60, 120 and 300 bar.Wear increases with increasing operating pressure and with increasing value of d/h0. Even at d/h0-values of 0,02 and contamination concentrations of 20 mg/l, measurable wear occurs. At d/h0-values of 0,5, static slits begin to block.By means of a graph of wear against d/h0, information on the susceptibility to wear of various widths of static slits over a wide range of operating conditions can be obtained. This gives important indications as to the necessary fineness of filter.
    Notes: Es wird ein Prüfstand beschrieben, mit dem abrasiver Verschleiß in engen Strömungsquerschnitten an Modellproben, Bauteilen und Erzeugnissen untersucht werden kann.Beim abrasiven Verschleiß wird zwischen Gegenkörperfurchung und Teilchenfurchung (Erosion) unterschieden. Anfällig gegen abrasiven Verschleiß durch verschmutzte Betriebsflüssigkeiten sind besonders enge Strömungsquerschnitte in Pumpen, Ventilen, Schiebern sowie Dichtspalten aller Art.Verschleißend wirken besonders harte Teilchen (z. B. metallischer Abrieb oder mineralische Stoffe wie Quarz und Korund).Von wesentlichem Einfluß auf den Verschleiß sind weiter Teilchengröße, Teilchengrößenverteilung, Teilchenmenge und Betriebsdruck. Eine einfache und in der Praxis aussagekräftige Beurteilungsgröße für den Verschleiß in engen Strömungsquerschnitten ist das Verhältnis Teilchendurchmesser zur Spaltweite (d/h0). Konstruktiv unterscheidet man zwischen statischen und dynamischen Spalten. Die Untersuchungen beschränkten sich auf statische Spaltformen mit Spaltweiten zwischen 100 und 600 μm. Untersucht wurden die Teilchengrößen 5, 14, 30 und 50 μm bei Drucken von 60, 120 und 300 bar.Der Verschleiß nimmt mit zunehmendem Betriebsdruck und zunehmendem d/h0 zu. Bereits bei Werten von d/h0 0,02 tritt bei Schmutzkonzentrationen von 20 mg/l empfindlicher Verschleiß auf. Bei d/ho-Werten 0,5 beginnen statische Spalten zu verstopfen.Mit Hilfe eines „Verschleiß-d/ho-Diagramms“ können schnell Aussagen über die Verschleißempfindlichkeit der verschiedensten Spaltweiten statischer Spalte über einen weiten Betriebsbereich und damit wichtige Hinweise auf die notwendige Filterfeinheit gewonnen werden.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
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  • 65
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 66
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 367-376 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The “Wettingbalance”, a new aid for testing softsoldering fluxes.A new method for the determination of behaviour of materials related to soft solderability, evaluates the forces acting on immersed samples, which are significant for the achieved wetting quality. The influence of various factors such as condition of the samplesurface, flux and solder are sensitively registered and allow their objectiv assessment. Sofar the wettingcurves are mostly interpreted from a qualitative point of view. The presented method, taking the comparative testing of fluxes as an example, describes the quantitative evaluation of the wetting behaviour. In the beginning a summary of the physical background of the process as well as few remarks relatet to the experimental procedure are given.
    Notes: Eine neuartige Methode zur Bestimmung des Werkstoffverhaltens beim Weichlöten benutzt die bei der Benetzung an einer in das Lot eintauchenden Probe angreifenden Kräfte als Maß für die erreichte Benetzungsgüte. Die Einflüsse unterschiedlicher Oberflächenzustände, Flußmittel, Lote, können dabei besonders empfindlich erfaßt und objektiv beurteilt werden. Die erhaltenen Benetzungsdiagramme werden heute meist noch nach qualitativen Gesichtspunkten gedeutet. Das hier am Beispiel der vergleichenden Flußmittelprüfung vorgestellte Auswerteverfahren gestattet eine quantitative Bewertung des Benetzungsverhaltens. Zuvor wird eine zusammenfassende Übersicht über die dem Verfahren zugrunde liegenden physikalischen Gesetzmäßigkeiten gegeben sowie einige Bemerkungen zur Meßtechnik gemacht.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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  • 67
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 377-384 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: European Contribution towards Development of Alloying Technique for Manufacturing Sintered Structural Parts.In Europe in the last decade the consumption of iron, steel and non-ferrous metal powders for the production of filters, bearings and structural parts has trippled. This positive development has been largely influenced by the progresses made in the p/m alloying techniques. Among the most important European contributions in this scope belongs the development of the monophasic iron-copper and iron-copper-nicle-alloys. The progressing development and introduction in production of the iron-phosphor alloys is a further important contribution. An important progress is represented by the development of the diffusion-alloyed iron powders with copper, nicle and molybdenum as alloying components. Recent and specially promissing developments are carbon-, manganese- and chromium containing sintered steels in which an oxidising resistent pre-alloy is used as alloying partner which contains the alloying elements in highly concentrated form.
    Notes: Der Verbrauch an Eisen- und Metallpulvern zur Herstellung von Filtern, Gleitlagern und Formteilen hat sich in Europa im letzten Jahrzehnt verdreifacht.Für diese positive Entwicklung waren die Fortschritte in der pulvermetallurgischen Legierungstechnik mitbestimmend. Zu den wichtigsten europäischen Beiträgen auf diesem Gebiet gehören die Entwicklung der einphasigen Eisen-Kupfer- und Eisen-Kupfer-Nickellegierungen. Die Weiterentwicklung und Einführung der Eisen-Phosphor-Legierungen ist ein weiterer wichtiger Beitrag. Einen erheblichen Fortschritt stellt die Entwicklung der anlegierten Eisenpulver mit Kupfer, Nickel und Molybdän als Legierungskomponeten dar.Eine neuere und besonders erfolgversprechende Entwicklung sind Kohlenstoff, Mangan und chromlegierte Sinterstähle, bei denen als Legierungsträger eine schweroxidierbare Vorlegierung gewählt wird, die die Legierungselemente in hochkonzentrierter Form enthält.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
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  • 68
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 391-396 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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  • 69
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Stress-Rupture Testing under Superimposed Steam Corrosion.Extent and Morphology of Stress-Assisted Surface and Bulk Oxidation of Incoloy Alloy 800 Thin Wall Tubing.Continuing long-time stress-rupture testing under biaxial stresses and superimposed steam corrosion of Incoloy Alloy 800 thin wall tubing, the extent and morphology of stress-assisted additional surface and bulk oxidation was evaluated by quantitative metallography. This paper describes the stress-assisted additional corrosion as function of tangential stress or corresponding rupture-life, creep strain, and creep rate. The results are presented and explained on the basis of surface and bulk penetrating oxide morphology.
    Notes: In Fortführung der Zeitstanduntersuchungen bei überlagerter Heißdampf-Korrosion von dünnwandigen Rohrkapseln der Legierung Incoloy 800 (Werkstoff Nr. 1.4876) wurde das Ausmaß und die Erscheinungsform der spannungsbedingt verstärkten Oberflächen- und Gefüge-Oxidation durch eine Methode der quantitativen Metallographie einer besonderen Überprüfung unterworfen.Die Arbeit gibt die gemessene Korrosionssteigerung in Abhängigkeit von Tangentialspannung resp. Standzeit, Kriechdehnung und Kriechgeschwindigkeit wieder. Die Ergebnisse werden auf der Basis des Erscheinungsbildes der korrodierten metallischen Oberfläche und des oxidativ durchdrungenen Gefüges dargestellt und gedeutet.
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
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  • 70
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 434-434 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 71
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 6-10 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Materials Choice and Operational Experience on Claddings of PWR-Components.Considering the choice between nonstabilized and stabilized stainless CrNi-steels for nuclear primary systems we find deviating views among the experts in the world. Outside Germany exclusively nonstabilized 18-8 CrNi-steel is in use, while in Germany stabilization is indispensible to meet the requirement for resistance to intergranular corrosion.This requirement is the consequence of failures in nuclear power plants caused by stress corrosion.Therefore the fundamental aspects of the susceptibility to intergranular corrosion, their testing and the interconnection to stress assisted intergranular corrosion are decribed.These relationships, balance of advantages and disadvantages of both sorts of steel and an evaluation of an extensive list of plant failures up to mid 1973 lead the author to the conclusion, that the use of nonstabilized 18-8 CrNi-steel for claddings of PWR-components were to prefer.An intergranular corrosion test seems to be doubtful to proof the resistance to stress corrosion.
    Notes: Hinsichtlich der Verwendung von nichtstabilisierten oder stabilisierten nichtrostenden Stählen in nuklearen Primärsystemen bestehen unterschiedliche Auffassungen in der Welt. Im Ausland wird fast ausschließlich nichtstabilisierter 18-8 CrNi-Stahl verwendet, während in der Bundesrepublik die Stabilisierung durch die Forderung nach IK-Beständigkeit unumgänglich ist.Der Grund für diese Anforderung liegt in Betriebsschadensfällen von Kernkraftanlagen, die durch interkristalline Spannungsrißkorrosion entstanden sind.Deshalb werden die Ursachen der Anfälligkeit gegen interkristalline Korrosion, ihre Prüfung und der Zusammenhang mit der interkristallinen Spannungsrißkorrosion dargestellt.Diese Zusammenhänge, eine Abwägung der Vor- und Nachteile beider Stahlarten sowie die Auswertung einer umfangreichen Aufstellung aller Betriebsschäden bis Mitte 1973 führen den Verfasser zu dem Schluß, daß ein Einsatz nichtstabilisierten 18-8 CrNi-Stahles für Schweißplattierungen von Druckwasserreaktorkomponenten vorteilhaft wäre.Eine Prüfung auf IK-Beständigkeit als Nachweis für eine Spannungsrißkorrosionsbeständigkeit erscheint zweifelhaft.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 137-141 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 142-143 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 74
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 75
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 76
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 77
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 78
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Plastics Pipes for Plumbing.Plastics pipes have acquired a considerable proportion of the market for household plumbing installations. Their low weight, their resistance to corrosion by water, and the cheapness with which they can be laid have been responsible for their rise in popularity in the last few years. Corrosion problems in household plumbing are pushed into the background by plastics pipes. Allowance must be made for the fact that their behaviour is different to that of metals, e.g., the mechanical properties depend much more on time and temperature. For this reason, care must be taken to ensure that they are properly laid.
    Notes: Kunststoffrohre haben einen beachtlichen Marktanteil in der Hausinstallation errungen. Ihr geringes Gewicht, ihre chemisches Beständigkeit gegenüber aggressiven Wässern und ihre kostengünstige Verlegung haben diesen Aufstieg innerhalb weniger Jahrzehnte ermöglicht. Korrosionsprobleme spielen bei Kunststoffrohren in der Hausinstallation nur eine untergeordnete Rolle. Ausschlaggebend für die Anwendung und Bewährung von Kunststoffrohren ist die Berücksichtigung des gegenüber metallischen Werkstoffen unterschiedlichen Verhaltens, das z.B. durch wesentlich größere Zeit- und Temperaturabhängigkeit der mechanischen Werte gekennzeichnet ist. Aus diesem Grunde kommt der fachgerechten Verlegung besondere Bedeutung zu.
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    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 80
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 117-121 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The detection of thin contaminated layers on contact surfaces.Today electrical contacts must satisfy requirements which are growing steadily. The detection of very thin contaminated layers at contact surfaces therefore becomes very important. Clad gold contacts were contaminated with very small amounts of Zink. Contact resistance measurements and surface analysis measurements by AES and SIMS were shown to be adequate for the detection of this surface contamination.
    Notes: Der Nachweis dünner Verunreinigungsschichten auf Kontaktoberflächen wird bei den steigenden Anforderungen an die Qualität elektrischer Kontakte immer wichtiger. Am Beispiel mit Zink verunreinigter Kontaktoberflächen wird gezeigt, daß durch die Kombination von Kontaktwiderstandsmessungen und der Analyse der Oberfläche durch moderne Methoden auch sehr dünne anorganische Verunreinigungsschichten erfaßt und identifiziert werden können. Die spezifischen Oberflächenanalysenmethoden AES und SIMS sind natürlich besser geeignet als die Elektronenstrahlmikroanalyse.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 81
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 121-125 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Electrical resistance welding  -  properties and functions.The article describes the five different welding systems which are based on the princip of the electrical resistance welding and states their properties and functions.Good welding has pushed aside the traditional riveting and is now an indispensable aid for the production of electrical contacts.The advantages and disadvantages of each process are also displayed. The knowledge of these factors makes it possible to choose the right way of production for each case.
    Notes: Es werden 5 verschiedene Schweißverfahren, die auf dem Prinzip der elektrischen Widerstandsschweißung basieren, in ihren Funktionen und Eigenschaften beschrieben. Gut durchgeführte Schweißverbindungen haben das herkömmliche Nieten weitgehend verdrängt und stellen ein unersetzliches Hilfsmittel für die Fertigung elektrischer Kontaktstücke dar. Die Vor- und Nachteile der einzelnen Verfahren werden kurz dargelegt. Ihre Kenntnis ermöglicht es, für sehr vielfältige Aufgaben in der Produktion jeweils den richtigen Weg zu wählen.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 82
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 83
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 150-152 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Contribution concerning the ultrasonic detection of cracks due to stress corrosion.Topic of the present report: Experimental examinations concerning ultrasonic crack detection, carried out on compressedgas bottles showing different stress-corrosion damages. Following the discussion of the test results hints are given with respect to the practical test performance.
    Notes: Es wird über experimentelle Untersuchungen an Druckgasflaschen mit unterschiedlicher Schädigung durch Rißkorrosion berichtet, die Risse durch Ultraschall nachweisen. Nach der Diskussion der Versuchsergebnisse werden Hinweise für die praktische Prüfung gegeben.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 84
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 170-175 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 85
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 164-169 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Wear  -  a System Property. Consequences on Wear Testing.Wear research, wear testing and wear reduction are based on the principle that wear is a property of a system consisting of structural and loading parameters.Wear characteristics can therefore only be determined with reference to the system, and wear test methods must be modelled on the practical system considered.Wear systems are investigated by means of laboratory tests on testpieces, components and complete assemblies as well as service tests. Despite their drawbacks, test-piece and component tests under particular conditions are valuable in the development of practical wear systems.As an example, a device for testing test-pieces and components is described. Sliding wear processes are simulated under mixed and boundary friction conditions. Static and dynamic wear conditions can be simulated.
    Notes: Verschleißforschung, Verschleißprüfung und Verschleißabwehr müssen davon ausgehen, daß Verschleiß die Eigenschaft eines Systems ist, bestehend aus Konstruktionsgrößen und Beanspruchungsgrößen.Verschleißkenngrößen sind deshalb nur aus Systembetrachtungen ableitbar, und die Verschleißprüfung muß sich am speziellen praktischen Verschleißsystem orientieren.Verschleißsysteme werden mit Hilfe von Modell-, Bauteil-, Erzeugnis- und Praxisversuchen untersucht und geprüft. Trotz Mängel hat die Modell- und Bauteilprüfung unter bestimmten Bedingungen ihre Berechtigung bei der Entwicklung praktischer Verschleißsysteme.Als Beispiel wird ein Bauteil- und Modellprüfstand zur Simulation von Gleitverschleißvorgängen unter Misch- und Grenzreibungsbedingungen beschrieben. Neben statischen Beanspruchungen sind auch dynamische Verschleißbeanspruchungen simulierbar.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 86
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 87
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. A64 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 88
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Residual Stresses Due to Variable Service Loads and Their Importance Regarding the Applicability of the Linear Damage Accumulation Hypothesis.The linear damage accumulation hypothesis often provides unreliable life estimations. To improve its application, residual stresses at the notch root of open hole specimens (Kt = 2,5) of the aluminium alloys AlCuMg 2 (US equivalent 2024 T 3) and AlZnMgCuAg (US equivalent 7075 T 6) were continuously measured during the macro-crack-free life range. Based on the residual stress history a corrected hypothesis was applied.
    Notes: Die lineare Schadensakkumulations-Hypothese liefert häufig sehr ungenaue Schätzwerte der Lebensdauer. Um zu einer Klärung beizutragen, wurden an gelochten Stäben, Formzahl ak = 2,5, aus den Leichtmetallegierungen AlCuMg 2 und AlZnMgCuAg im Kerbgrund während des ersten von Makrorissen freien Lebensdauerabschnittes die Eigenspannungen gemessen und darauf aufbauend eine bezüglich der Eigenspannungen korrigierte Hypothese angewendet.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 89
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 90
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 91
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 216-216 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 92
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 329-339 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The corrosion behaviour of aluminium alloys.The corrosion behaviour of the aluminium alloys AlMgMn, AlMgSi 0,8 and AlZn 1 was investigated at two temperatures in two natural waters with different contents with and without oxygen. These measurements were performed as well separated as in contact with copper, brass, iron and zinc; the electrode potentials and the galvanic currents were measured and registrated. The results of the metallographic investigations concerning pitting corrosion of the aluminium samples and of the measurements under potentiostatic conditions were summarized in especial corrosion diagrams. Out of these the corrosion risks of the aluminium materials can be seen.The investigated aluminium alloys - except AlZn 1 - showed unpolarized a good corrosion resistance. The best of them was AlMgMn. In contact with iron and copper containing alloys aluminium were polarized in anodic direction depending of the different metals and of oxygen content of the water. The limit of the pitting corrosion has been exceeded at times. In the cold waters zinc polarized the aluminium alloys cathodic.References were given for applications of aluminium building parts in the home installation and it was informed about experiences which corresponds with these results.
    Notes: Zur Bestimmung und Abgrenzung ihres Korrosionsverhaltens erfolgten an den Aluminiumwerkstoffen AlMgMn, AlMgSi 0,8 und AlZn 1 in zwei natürlichen Wässern, unterschiedlicher Wasserinhaltsstoffe bei zwei verschiedenen Temperaturen und Sauerstoffgehalten, Korrosionsmessungen. Sie wurden sowohl allein als auch in Kontakt mit Kupfer, Messing, Eisen und Zink durchgeführt, wobei u.a. die Elektrodenpotentiale und der Kurzschlußstrom registriert wurden. Nach metallografischer Untersuchung der Aluminiumproben auf Lochkorrosion wurden unter Einbeziehung der jeweiligen potentiostatisch ermittelten Lochfraßpotentiale diese Ergebnisse in eigenen Korrosionsschaubildern zusammengefaßt, aus denen eine evtl. Korrosionsgefährdung der Aluminiumwerkstoffe direkt entnommen werden kann.Die untersuchten Aluminiumwerkstoffe zeigten unpolarisiert - mit Einschränkungen bei AlZn 1 - eine gute Beständigkeit, wobei AlMgMn unter ihnen die höchste Korrosionsresistenz aufwies. Durch den Kontakt mit Eisen und kupferhaltigen Werkstoffen wurden die Aluminiumlegierungen in anodische Richtung polarisiert, wobei in Abhängigkeit vom Sauerstoffgehalt des Wassers und dem Metall die Grenze zur Lochkorrosion zeitweise überschritten wurde. In den kalten Wässern polarisierte der Kontakt mit Zink die Aluminiumwerkstoffe kathodisch.Für die Anwendung von Aluminiumbauteilen in der Hausinstallation werden Hinweise gegeben und über Erfahrungen, die mit den Ergebnissen übereinstimmen, wird berichtet.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
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  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 88-94 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Acoustic Emission Signal Analysis.Application of acoustic emission analysis in practice is often limited by a high signal to noise ratio. The detection of the signals and the location of the AE-sources can be done only with low accuracy under these conditions.For this reason the use of calculation and analysing methods is being investigated enable differentiation of signal and background noise, as well as the determination of the sources of emission.
    Notes: Die Anwendung der Schallemissionsanalyse zur zerstörungsfreien Prüfung von Bauteilen leidet im Betrieb stark unter ungünstigen Signal-Rauschverhältnissen, so daß eine Auffindung der Signale und eine Ermittlung des Schallquellenortes nur mit hohen Ungenauigkeiten möglich ist.Für diesen Fall werden die Einsatzmöglichkeiten von Rechen- und Analysenverfahren untersucht, die eine Trennung von Nutzsignal und Störgeräuschen zum Ziel haben.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 11-16 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Hot Corrosion in Burner Gas at 1200°C.The lifetime of a material at high temperatures is controlled by its hot corrosion behaviour against the components (ashes, salts, sulfur) of the burner gas. In this paper Na2SO4, Na2CO3, NaCl, NaF and V2O5 as well as H2S, SO2 and HCl were used for the experiments. It could be shown that the hot corrosion behaviour of MoSi2 coated Nb-and Ta-alloy is excellent against acid additives (NaCl, NaF, V2O5) to the burner gas while alcalic melts (Na2SO4, Na2CO5) corrode the silizide. The solubility of the MoSi2 is caused by the transport rate of molecular oxygen through the glasses formed by oxidation on the surface of the materials. It can be shown, that the lifetime of sintered MoSi2 coatings on refractory metals is more than 10 times longer as by NiAl coated superalloys in hot corrosion test.
    Notes: Die Beständigkeit eines Werkstoffes bei hohen Temperaturen wird durch sein Verhalten gegen Heißkorrosion gekennzeichnet, wobei der zusätzliche Einfluß von Angriffsmitteln wie Aschebestandteile, Meeressalze und Schwefelverbindungen, wie sie im Brennergas praktisch vorkommen, eine entscheidende Rolle ausübt. Als Angriffsmedien wurden Na2SO4, Na2CO3, NaCl, NaF und V2O5 sowie Zusätze zum Brennergas, wie H2S, SO2 und HCl eingesetzt. Es zeigte sich, daß Niob- und Tantal-Werkstoffe, welche durch aufgesinterte MoSi2-Schichten (Schichtstärke 200μm) gegen Oxidation geschützt waren, wesentlich längere Beständigkeitszeiten im 1100…1200°C-Bereich aufweisen, als kommerziell verfügbare Nickel-Basislegierungen (Superlegierungen). Diese Schichtverbundwerkstoffe (MoSi2/Niob und MoSi2/Tantal) sind völlig beständig gegen den Angriff von sauren Medien (NaCl, NaF, V2O5 sowie H2S und SO2). Sie werden jedoch stark angegriffen von alkalischen Schmelzen, wobei es durch den erhöhten Sauerstofftransport durch diese Schmelzen zu einer erhöhten Auflösung der schützenden Deckschicht kommt. Durch Zugabe eines sauren Mediums wie HCl kann diese Auflösereaktion entscheidend eingeschränkt werden, wodurch die Lebensdauer derartiger Verbundwerkstoffe deutlich erhöht wird.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
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  • 96
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 216-216 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. A56 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 217-221 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Sintered Materials for Electric Contacts in Power Engineering and their Properties.In the field of electric contacts the task of material development lies in optimating of contact properties e. g. weld strength, erosion and contact resistance. Included is a survey of the systems of metal-metal, metal-metal compound and metal-metaloid including examples for base metals and additives. Knowledge of weld strength and erosion by arcing are necessary besides physical properties and structure for selecting contact materials. The properties mentioned have been measured by WATE (welding-arc erosion-test-equipment). The values of the weld strength are presented as cumulative frequency plottings. Joining-technique of contact and supporting metal is of special importance. A reliable connection is obtained by two-layer-contacts. Changes of structure caused by arcing are described; for example contacts from AgNi40, WCu30 and AgCdO12. Both, construction and modern contact materials have helped to increase the capacity of contactors and switches as well as the reliability.
    Notes: Die Aufgabe der Werkstoffentwicklung liegt im Bereich der elektrischen Kontaktstücke in der Optimierung der Kontakteigenschaften, wie Schweißkraft, Abbrand im Lichtbogen und Kontaktwiderstand. Es wird ein Überblick über die Systeme Me-Me, Me-Metallverbindung und Me-Metalloid mit Beispielen für Grundmetalle und Zusatzkomponenten gegeben. Für die Bewertung der Kontaktwerkstoffe sind neben den physikalischen Eigenschaften und dem Gefüge vor allem die Kenntnis der Schweißkraft und des Abbrandes im Lichtbogen erforderlich. Diese Eigenschaften wurden auf einem Prüfschalter gemessen. Die Darstellung der Schweißkraft erfolgt als Summenhäufigkeitskurve. Für die Anwendung ist die Verbindungstechnik Kontaktstück-Trägermetall von Bedeutung. Eine sichere Verbindung wird mit Zweischichtenkontaktstücken erreicht. Die durch die Lichtbogenbelastung hervorgerufenen Gefügeänderungen werden an Kontaktstücken aus AgNi40, WCu30 und AgCdO12 beschrieben. Neben der Konstruktiven Gestaltung haben die modernen Kontaktwerkstoffe dazu beigetragen, die Leistungsfähigkeit der Schaltgeräte zu erhöhen und die Funktionssicherheit zu steigern.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 251-252 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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