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  • 1985-1989
  • 1980-1984  (3,695)
  • 1980  (3,695)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (2,926)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (768)
  • Nuclear reactions
Material
Years
  • 1985-1989
  • 1980-1984  (3,695)
Year
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Boron ; Foliar nutrition ; Nuclear reactions ; Transport (boron) ; Trifolium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The growth of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) is severely inhibited by boron starvation, but a foliar treatment with boric acid can transitorily alleviate the deficiency symptoms. The 10B(n ,α)7 Li nuclear reaction has been used to study boron transport in the plant after foliar application. More than 98% of the boron supplied remained at the point where it was applied to the leaves, and less than 2% was useful to the growth of the treated plant. This small “efficient” portion of boron was quite mobile. It was distributed to the different parts of the plant, then was transferred from the oldest parts to the newly formed leaves. Physiological and agronomical implications of these data are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 1 (1980) 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 1 (1980), S. 17-29 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Ca-ion ; Labyrinthula ; contraction ; glycerination ; Ca-reservoir ; cell movement ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Colonies of Labyrinthula, a colonial marine protist, expand by protrusive movements of the specialized slimeways. The movements recorded in time-lapse films are of two types - filopodial and lamellipodial - and occur at rates equivalent to those of cell translocation.Evidence is presented that Ca2+ regulates the contraction of the actomyosin system of filaments present in the slimeways of Labyrinthula. In glycerinated models or in colonies exposed to ionophore A23187 contraction is evidenced by the occurrence of periodic contractions of the slimeways, giving them the appearance of strings of beads. Glycerinated slimeways contract on the addition of Ca2+ and ATP while slimeways provided with ionophore A23187 contract on addition of Ca2+ alone. The concentration required is 1.1 × 10-7 M Ca2+ while concentrations of 6.2 × 10-8 or lower were ineffective. Rates of contraction were measured in time-lapse films which provide evidence that contractions and beading occur everywhere in the slimeway system. When beading occurs, the 6-nm filaments transform from an array of parallel single filaments into an interwoven meshwork.We have identified by pyroantimonate-OsO4 fixation, as possible Ca2+ reservoirs, deposits of Ca2+ in bothrosomes - structures through which cell secretions pass into the slimeways. The electron-dense deposits are located at the base of the bothrosome and disappear after incubation with EGTA. We propose that the translocation of cells as well as the movements of slimeways may be regulated by the cells through the local measured liberation of Ca2+ from the bothrosome where it is sequestered.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 1 (1980), S. 1-15 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: centrosomes ; kinetochores ; microtubule initiation ; nuclease enzymes ; electron microscopy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A lysed cell system was used to study the organelle structure and nucleation of exogenous tubulin at kinetochores and centrosomes in mitotic PtK2 cells. We have used this lysed cell system in conjunction with nuclease digestion experiments to determine which specific nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) are involved in either the structure and/or microtubule-initiating capacity of kinetochores and centrosomes. The results indicate that DNase I specifically decondenses the kinetochore plate structure, with the eventual loss in the ability of the chromosomes to nucleate microtubule assembly. DNase I had no effect on either the structure or nucleating capacity of centrosomes. Both RNase T1 and RNase A specifically attacked the amorphous pericentriolar material of the centrosomes, with a concomitant loss in the ability of this material to nucleate microtubule formation. Neither RNase appeared to affect the structure or nucleating capacity of the kinetochore. Therefore, the two types of nucleases appear to exert preferential effects on the different types of microtubule initiation sites in mitotic mammalian cells. The results suggest that DNA is a major component of the kinetochore, while RNA is a major component of the amorphous pericentriolar material. These findings support the concept that microtubule initiation sites in mitotic cells contain nucleic acids which are essential for the structural and functional integrity of the sites.
    Additional Material: 45 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 1 (1980), S. 31-40 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: actin ; fascin ; actin cross-linking proteins ; fertilization ; microvilli ; sea urchin eggs ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Following fertilization, the sea urchin egg cortex undergoes a structural change involving the assembly and organization of actin filaments into microvilli. Antifascin localizes this actin cross-linking protein in the microvilli of the fertilized egg cortex but no organized staining is present in the unfertilized cortex. Determination of the actin content of eggs using the DNAase I inhibition assay indicates that actin is about 1.4% of the total protein. Approximately 90% of this actin is soluble in low calcium isotonic extracts of unfertilized eggs while only 60-65% can be recovered in identical extracts of fertilized eggs. Similar measurements for fascin using a radioimmunoassay indicate this molecule represents about 0.3% of the total egg protein, essentially all of which is recovered in low calcium isotonic extracts of unfertilized eggs. After fertilization only 65-70% of this actin cross-linking protein is in the soluble phase. These results demonstrate a markedly different solubility for actin and fascin after fertilization, when the indirect immunofluorescence staining localizes fascin in the microvilli, and are consistent with the idea that fascin organizes newly polymerized actin filaments into the microvillar cores. A consideration of the amounts of actin and fascin incorporated into the cortex after fertilization and the number of microvilli on the egg surface indicates that the measured values are sufficient to account for the observed microvillar elongation.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 1 (1980), S. 63-71 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Physarum polycephalum ; myosin light chains ; polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ; calcium ; cytoplasmic streaming ; actomyosin ATPase regulation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Myosin from the slime mold Physarum polycephalum contains three sizes of polypeptides: a heavy chain and two light chains, LC-1 and LC-2. Using a simple qualitative test for calcium binding by comparing electrophoretic migration of the polypeptides in sodium dodecy1 sulfate (SDS) acrylamide gels in the presence and absence of calcium, we have found that Physarum myosin light chain LC-2 migrates with an apparent molecular weight of 16,900 daltons in the presence of the metal ion chelator ethylene glycol bis (B-aminoethyl ether) N,N′-tetraacetic acid (EGTA). However, if calcium chloride is added to the sample prior to electrophoresis, the apparent molecular weight decreases to 16,100. Lanthanide and cadmium ions, but not magnesium, can substitute for calcium. Because the ionic radii of Ca2+, La3+, and Cd2+ are almost identical, we conclude that Physarum myosin LC-2 possesses a very size-specific binding site for calcium. Physarum myosin LC-1 and the heavy chain give no evidence for binding calcium by this test. Since cytoplasmic streaming in the plasmodium of Physarum requires calcium, our evidence indicates that the calcium-binding property of Physarum myosin LC-2 may be important in regulating the production of force by actomyosin in the ectoplasm. Unexpectedly, the myosin light chain in Physarum capable of binding calcium, LC-2, is the essential light chain, while LC-1 is a member of the regulatory class of myosin light chains [V. T. Nachmias, personal communication]. Until now, essential myosin light chains have not been shown to have high affinity divalent cation binding sites. This means a new version of the myosin-based model for actomyosin regulation by calcium may be required to explain cytoplasmic movement in Physarum, and perhaps in other motile systems involving cytoplasmic myosins as well.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 1 (1980), S. 99-112 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: cell motility ; extracellular matrix ; collagen ; glycosaminogly cans ; collagenase ; hyaluronidase ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The effect of specific components of the extracellular matrix on the motility of tissue cells was studied using organ-cultured aggregates of embryonic fibroblasts. Spherical aggregates of chick embryo heart and skin fibroblasts were fused with [3H]-thymidine-labeled aggregates of the identical cell type. The movement of labeled cells into the unlabeled partner aggregate served as an estimate of cell motility in the cultured tissue-like aggregates. Collagenase treatment decreased the collagen content of heart fibroblast aggregates and increased cell motility; ascorbic acid treatment increased the collagen content of skin fibroblast aggregates and decreased cell motility. Reduction of the glycosaminoglycan content with testicular hyaluronidase had no measurable effect on cell motility in heart fibroblast aggregates.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 1 (1980), S. 113-129 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: tubulin ; Drosophila ; β-ecdysterne ; differentiating ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Drosophila Kc cells exposed to physiological doses of the moulting hormone, β-ecdysone, elongate, become motile, and subsequently aggregate. This pattern of morphogenesis was found to require the assembly of a microtubular cytoskeleton. Tubulin content was significantly increased in hormone-treated cells when compared to controls, as measured by a 3H-colchicine-binding assay. However, determinations of rates of tubulin synthesis and breakdown revealed no difference between control and hormone-treated cells for either parameter. When tubulin content was assayed by methods that do not depend on colchicine-binding activity, no difference between hormone-treated and control cells was observed. These results are discussed in terms of a model in which β-ecdysone affects the distribution of tubulin in “assembly-active” and “assembly-inactive” pools.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 1 (1980), S. 73-97 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: nematodes ; muscle structure ; mutants ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A search for new mutants with altered body-wall muscle cell structure has been undertaken in the nematode C elegans. One-hundred seventeen mutants were isolated after mutagenesis with ethyl methanesulfonate or ultraviolet light, enrichment by a motility-requiring test, and screening by polarized light microscopy; 102 of these mutants were in ten previously established genes, whereas 15 mutants permitted the identification of seven new complementation groups in C elegans. Two of the new genes map on linkage group I (unc-94 and unc-95) and four genes are sex linked (unc-96, unc-97, unc-98, and unc-99). One complementation group (unc-100) could not be mapped because of the special characteristics of its cohort mutants. Representative mutants of the mapped genes were examined by polarized light and electron microscopy. All of the mutants exhibit disruptions of the normal A and I band organization of thick and thin filaments. Several of the mutants produce collections of thin filament-like structures. In one of these cases, HE177 demonstrated collections of somewhat wider, intermediate-sized filaments as well, and the HE195 mutant produces paracrystalline aggregates of thin filaments amidst looser arrangements of similar structures. The mutants in newly identified genes, as well as the new mutants in previously established genetic loci, have promise as tools in the study of myofibrillar assembly and function. Among the 22 complementation groups associated with body-wall structure in C elegans, it is likely that some genes code for regulatory and morphogenetic functions in addition to the well-studied structural, contractile, and calcium-associated proteins in muscle.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 1 (1980), S. 41-61 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: mitosis ; mitotic spindle ; kinetochore ; microtubule ; micronucleus ; Tetrahymena ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Mitotic micronuclei were isolated from Tetrahymena thermophila and data on spindle ultrastructure were obtained from serial, transverse sections. Comparison of data from nuclei at meta- and early anaphase with data from nuclei at late anaphase showed that during anaphase, sister kinetochores move from the equator to the spindle poles, but kinetochore translocation occurs without any apparent change in either the number or length of kinetochore microtubules. This unprecedented result is ascribed significance with regard to the mechanism of kinetochore transport since there are only a limited number of ways that result could be achieved. The organization of the peripheral sheath changes during anaphase as evidenced by gaps in the sheath at late anaphase. Numerous kinetochore and non-kinetochore microtubules are located in polar regions of the spindle at late anaphase, whereas those regions contained only peripherally arranged microtubules at earlier stages. Tracking of individual kinetochore microtubules in late anaphase nuclei showed that some of them appeared to become incorporated into the peripheral sheath near the pole. At early and late anaphase, crossbridges connect adjacent microtubules throughout the spindle poleward to the kinetochores, as well as in the interzone.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 1 (1980), S. 159-162 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 1 (1980), S. 141-157 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: axon guidance ; chemotaxis ; haptotaxis substrate pathways ; development ; pattern biology ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In multicellular organisms, guidance cues are either diffusible molecules or cellular or extracellular surfaces that are found in reproducible locations and that orient migrating cells and cell processes. The pattern of the guidance cues usually determines the complex in vivo migration routes of motile cells and cell processes. Within organisms, guidance cues are found to be organized in two general patterns: (a) broad gradients - such as diffuse chemotactic gradients; (b) discrete routes (substrate pathways) - such as chemotactic gradients confined to long channels, and such as the axon surface which represents a long specific highway for migrating Schwann cells.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 1 (1980), S. 163-163 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 1 (1980), S. 131-140 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: sea urchin coelomocytes ; motility ; filopodial formation and elongation ; ciné film analysis ; scanning electron microscopy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Sea urchin coelomocytes were examined during their morphological transformation from petaloid to filopodial forms by scanning electron microscopy and ciné film analysis. Petaloid coelomocytes have a variable morphology but, in general, consist of numerous thin sheets of cytoplasm, the petals, arranged in three dimensions around a central nuclear region. The transition to the filopodial form can occur in either substrate-attached or suspended cells and begins with the formation of several microspikes at the edge of each petal. These become more apparent as the cytoplasm between each microspike/filopodium is retracted centripetally. Concomitantly, the diameter of the flattened cell is increased by as much as twofold as the filopodia actively lengthen at a uniform, average rate of 0.5 μm/minute. The transformation process requires ca 15 minutes and is complete when the cell diameter no longer increases. These filopodia are functionally distinct from the passively produced retraction fibers observed in cultured mammalian cells. The formation of filopodia is biphasic and includes both a cytoplasmic retraction phase and an active extension phase.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 1 (1980), S. 167-167 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 1-14 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Material Stressing under Rolling Contact - Influence of Friction and Residual StressesMaterial stressing of parts in rolling contact is in the main made up by the normal load to be transmitted, by surface friction due to slippage of the body in rolling contact and by residual stresses. The effects of varying slippage rates are described as well as the additional influence of residual stresses on magnitude, position and direction of load.By the aid of mere mechanical reflections the formation of flat and steep White Bands can be interpreted which are observed in long-lived ball bearings subjected to high stresses. The report shows that residual stresses and friction must not be neglected when describing the material stressing by rolling contact. This especially applies to residual stresses originating from rolling contact.
    Notes: Die Werkstoffanstrengung bei Wälzkontakt ist im wesentlichen gegeben durch die zu übertragenden Normalkräfte, die Reibung an der Oberfläche (durch das Gleiten der beiden Wälzpartner) und durch die Eigenspannungen. Die Wirkung unterschiedlich großer Gleitanteile wird dargestellt und der zusätzliche Einfluß von Eigenspannungen auf die Höhe, Lage und Richtung der Beanspruchung ausgewiesen.Anhand rein mechanischer Betrachtungen läßt sich die Entstehung von flachen und steilen Weißen Bändern deuten, die in langlebigen, hochbeanspruchten Kugellagern beobachtet werden. Der Bericht zeigt, daß Eigenspannungen und Reibung keinesfalls bei der Beschreibung der Werkstoffanstrengung durch Wälzbeanspruchung vernachlässigt werden dürfen. Dies gilt insbesondere auch für die Eigenspannungen, die durch die Wälzbeanspruchung entstehen.
    Additional Material: 27 Ill.
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 21-30 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigations of Crack Initiation and Crack Propagation in Plain Carbon Steels by Means of Acoustic-EmissionCrack initiation and propagation has been studied during fatigue tests with ferritic, ferritic-pearlitic and pearlitic specimens by means of acoustic emission (A.E.) instrumentation. The ferrite and the ferrite-pearlite showed acoustic emission only in connection with fast yielding of large volumes. Early steps of crack initiation showed no detectable acoustic emission because of very small yielded volumes and small amounts of crack surface friction. Gapping of the cracks inhibited A.E. due to friction during the early steps of crack propagation. Pearlitic specimens showed strong A.E. prior to microscopic detection of cracks, ascribed to fast fracture modes.Cracks in ferritic and ferritic-pearlitic CT-specimens are only detectable by crack surface friction. The increase of yielded volume with the propagating crack is too small to be distinguished from friction noise. Pearlitic specimens showed strong burst-signal activity ascribed to cleavage fracture and fast fracture modes.Great differences in A.E. of specimens with the same microstructure are in most cases the result of differing crack surface topography and therefore very differing friction areas. Friction noise depends clearly upon loading conditions and crack surface geometry.
    Notes: An drei unlegierten Kohlenstoffstählen mit ferritischer, ferritischperlitischer und rein perlitischer Gefügestruktur wurden Untersuchungen über den Rißbeginn und den Rißfortschritt bei schwingender Beanspruchung mit Hilfe von Schallemissionsmessungen durchgeführt.Bei den Untersuchungen des Rißbeginnes konnten in den ferritischen und den ferritisch-perlitischen Werkstoffen nur rasch ablaufende Verformungsvorgänge mit ausreichendem Verformungsvolumen über die Schallemission registriert werden. Durch die örtlich begrenzten plastischen Verformungen und die geringen Flächenanteile der Rißuferreibung waren die Rißkeimbildungen nicht erfaßbar. Die ersten Stadien der Rißausbreitung ergaben ebenfalls, aufgrund des Klaffens der gebildeten Risse, keine registrierbare Schallemission durch Reibung. Bei perlitischen Werkstoffen kam es vor Erkennung eines mikroskopischen Risses zu starker Schallemission, die offensichtlich mit energiereichen Ereignissen, wie rasch ablaufenden Bruchmoden, im Zusammenhang stehen.Ein Riß ist bei Schwingungsbeanspruchung in ferritischen und ferritisch-perlitischen CT-Proben bei ausreichender Größe der Rißflächen nur über Reibung feststellbar. Der eigentliche Rißfortschritt konnte durch die geringe Volumenzunahme der plastischen Zone pro Lastwechsel nicht registriert werden. Bei perlitischen Proben trat vor allem bei grob lamellarer Ausbildung des Zementits eine starke Schallemission meist in Form von Burstsignalen auf, die vorwiegend auf die Bildung von Bruchmoden hoher Energie, wie z. B. Spaltbruch, zurückzuführen sein dürften.Die vielfach sehr starken Unterschiede der Schallemission beim Rißfortschritt in Proben gleicher Gefügeausbildung sind überwiegend der verschieden großen Rißflächenreibung durch die oft sehr unterschiedliche Topographie der Rißbruchflächen zuzuschreiben. Bei Änderung der Mittellast oder der Lastamplitude ist eine deutliche Abhängigkeit des Reibungsgeräusches aus den Rißflächen von den Rißöffnungsverhältnissen hinter der Rißfront festzustellen. Nach einzelnen Überlasten während des Rißfortschrittes kann die Schallemission in gleicher Weise mit Veränderungen der Reibungsverhältnisse hinter der Rißspitze interpretiert werden.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 60-67 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Applicability of the Potential Drop Technique for Crack Growth InvestigationsA potential drop method, based on the compensation concept is described; technical parameters and capability are discussed.Selected examples with metallic alloys for high temperature and heat resistant application demonstrate the applicability of the method for fatigue and creep crack growth investigations in the temperature range up to 1173 K and 1223 K, respectively. At room temperature and at 1173 K the results of the potential drop method are verified by optical means.
    Notes: Es wird eine Potentialsondenmethode nach dem Kompensationsprinzip vorgestellt; ihre technischen Merkmale sowie ihr Leistungsvermögen werden diskutiert.Anhand ausgesuchter Beispiele an metallischen Legierungen für den warmfesten und hitzebeständigen Anwendungsbereich wird ihr Einsatz in Versuchen zum Ermüdungs- bzw. 1223 K demonstriert. Bei Raumtemperatur sowie 1173 K wurden die Meßergebnisse durch Vergleichsmessungen mit optischen Mitteln verifiziert.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 73-76 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Hardening Behaviour of Steels by Cold WorkingContrary to common opinion work hardening increases with higher initial hardness (strength) of steel. This is proved by analysing stressstrain curves of tensile tests at overeleastic load carried out with normalized, hardened and tempered steel. Test results taken from literature are supported by own experiments. Practical application of this fact is discussed very shortly.
    Notes: Bei Stählen steigt im Gegensatz zur herrschenden Meinung die Kaltverfestigung (Aufhärtung) mit steigender Ausgangshärte oder -festigkeit an. Dies wird nachgewiesen an Ergebnissen aus Zugversuchen mit normalisierten und vergüteten Stählen. Ergebnisse der Literatur werden durch eigene Versuche ergänzt. Die praktische Nutzanwendung dieses Tatbestandes wird knapp andiskutiert.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 101-110 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Acoustic Emission Monitoring of Polymeric Composite Materials. Part II: Experimental resultsThe technique of acoustic emission monitoring of polymeric composite materials is described. It is a high sensitive, quasi-nondestructive testing method that indicates the origin and the behaviour of flaws in such materials, when submitted to different load histories. In the usage of sophisticated signal-analysis-methods it is possible to distinguish between different types of failure mechanisms, such as fiber fracture, delamination or fiber pull-out. Imperfections can be detected while monitoring complex composite structures by acoustic emission measurements.
    Notes: Das quasi-zerstörungsfreie Werkstoffprüfverfahren der Schallemissionsmessung und dessen Anwendung bei polymeren Verbundwerkstoffen wird beschrieben. Dieses Verfahren ermöglicht es, das Entstehen und das Verhalten von Werkstoffdefekten bei unterschiedlichen Lasteinwirkungen anzuzeigen. Mittels signalbewertender Analysenmethoden können die in Verbundwerkstoffen ablaufenden, unterschiedlichen Versagensmechanismen differenziert werden.Bei Bauteiluntersuchungen erweist sich das Schallemissionsmeßverfahren als außerordentlich sensitiv, um bauteilgefährdende Defekte und Werkstoffehler anzuzeigen.
    Additional Material: 25 Ill.
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  • 22
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 205-208 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Contribution to the Problem of Pressure-less Measurements of the Electric Conductivity of Powder MaterialsTwo authors (1, 2) proposed to use the electric conductivity of a loosely packed powder bed as the electric characteristics of the power material. The authors got reproducible and intercomparable results applying their method on various oxide powders, e.g. reduced MnO2 and mixed oxides. This is in contradiction to the common experience that in the range of small pressure, reliable results hardly can be obtained. Obviously, some special conditions have made the good results possible. Here below, the pressure-less method has been applied to four different powders: a species of MnO2, copper, Cd(OH)2 and PbO2.As the principal result, it has to be stated that the pressure-less method delivers reliable results only in the case of such powders, whose grain core resistance doesn't have to be neglected against the contact resistance between the grains. This condition is fulfilled here only in the case of manganese dioxide. Probably, the oxide powders under study in (1, 2) also have been in the correct range. In spite of this, the pressure-less method may not be applied on metal powders or on the metal-likek PbO2 powder. Also in the case of Cd(OH)2 masses, severe objections exist.
    Notes: Von zwei Autoren (1, 2) ist vorgeschlagen worden, die Leitfähigkeit einer Pulverschüttung als elektrische Kenngröße für den betreffenden Werkstoff zu verwenden. Das Verfahren ist in den beiden Arbeiten auf pulverförmige Oxide, z. B. reduziertes MnO2 und Mischoxide, angewendet worden und hat reproduzierbare und untereinander vergleichbare Meßwerte ergeben. Das widerspricht der bisherigen Erfahrung, wonach im Gebiet kleinster Drücke verläßliche Werte für die Leitfähigkeit nicht ermittelt werden können. Offenbar haben besondere Verhältnisse vorgelegen. In dieser Arbeit wird das drucklose Verfahren auf vier verschiedene Pulver angewendet: je ein Braunstein-, Kupfer-, PbO2- und Cd(OH)2-Pulver.Als wesentliches Ergebnis kann festgehalten werden, daß nur solche Pulverproben bei der drucklosen Messung verläßliche Werte ergeben, bei denen der Widerstandsanteil des Korninneren neben dem Kontaktwiderstand nicht vernachlässigbar klein ist. Das ist hier nur bei dem Braunstein-Pulver der Fall, ebenso wahrscheinlich bei den von (1, 2) untersuchten Oxidpulvern. Auf Metallpulver oder auf das annähernd metallisch leitende PbO2-Pulver dagegen darf die drucklose Meßmethode nicht angewendet werden. Auch bei dem Cd(OH)2-Pulver bestehen Bedenken.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 213-216 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Measurement of Residual Stress Reduction by Analysis of the Barkhausen-EffectResidual stresses and their variations under fatigue conditions have been measured by analysis of the Barkhausen-Effect.The stresses are proportional to the magnetic parameter M in a definite area.The investigations have been made on a high-strength fine-grained steel. under fatigue condition the relief of residual stresses is finished after a few stress cycles.By superposition of residual and load stresses the longitudinal stresses accept in consequence of the lateral contraction, whereas the transverse stresses are growing up in reason of their orientation to the direction of load stress.A change of the residual stress distribution could not be established.
    Notes: Eigenspannungen und ihre Veränderungen unter Ermüdungsbeanspruchung wurden durch Analyse des Barkhausen-Rauschens ermittelt. Die Spannungen sind in einem begrenzten Bereich dem magnetischen Parameter M proportional.Die Untersuchungen wurden an einem hochfesten Feinkornbaustahl durchgeführt. Bei Ermüdungsbeanspruchung ist der Eigenspannungsabbau nach wenigen Lastspielen beendet.Durch die Überlagerung von Eigen- und Lastspannungen nehmen die Längsspannungen infolge der Querkontraktion weiter ab, während die Querspannungen, da sie in Richtung der Belastung liegen, erhöht werden.Eine Veränderung der Eigenspannungsverteilung konnte nicht festgestellt werden.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 25
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Materials Performance and Materials Selection under the Aspect of Cooling Water Corrosion of Heat ExchangersFor the chemical process industry cooling water corrosion problems are of special importance. Of the known corrosion phenomena nearly all can be observed with heat exchangers depending on water quality and material used. By appropriate water treatment, favourable design measures and optimum materials selection the corrosion problem on the cooling water side of heat exchangers can be solved. Water treatment and design measures are only casually delt with in this paper which emphasizes the aspects of materials selection. Using the proper material is of special importance for once-through cooling systems. For this reason the performance of various materials is described, e. g. unalloyed steel, unalloyed steel protected by organic coatings, austenitic 18 Cr-9 Ni-steels, ferritic Cr-steels, ferritic-austenitic steels, copper and copper alloys, titanium. For a variety of operating conditions the materials selection criteria are described. Finally, some aspects of corrosion economics in selecting materials are discussed.
    Notes: Für die chemische Industrie haben die Probleme der Korrosion in Kühlwässern besondere Bedeutung. Eine Vielzahl der bekannten Korrosionserscheinungen kann je nach Wasserqualität und eingestztem Werkstoff an Wärmetauschern beobachtet werden. Durch geeignete Wasserbehandlung, durch konstruktive Maßnahmen und nicht zuletzt durch eine optimale Werkstoffauswahl wird versucht, das Problem der Kühlwasserkorrosion zu lösen. Die beiden erstgenannten Punkte können allerdings hier nur am Rande behandelt werden. Die Werkstoffauswahl ist für die Konstruktion eines Wärmetauschers, insbesondere in Durchlaufsystemen, von besonderer Wichtigkeit. Das Verhalten der verschiedensten Werkstoffe (z. B. unlegierter Stahl, unlegierter Stahl + organische Beschichtungen, austenitische 18/8-CrNi-Stähle, ferritische Cr-Stähle, ferritisch-austenitische Stähle, Kupfer und Kupferlegierungen, Titan) in Kühlwässern wird beschrieben; entsprechende Auswahlkriterien werden angegeben. Abschließend werden einige wirtschaftliche Überlegungen zur Werkstoffauswahl dargestellt.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. A60 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 275-281 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Carbon Fibres - Production, Properties and ApplicationsCarbon fibres are primarily regarded as a reinforcing material for resins, but can also be used in metal or carbon matrices. It is anticipated that over the next few years the present inception phase will develop into one of rapid business growth. The expected turnover and price developments, as well as the main fields of application are discussed.A great variety of carbon fibre types are available, whose properties are dictated by differences in the basic structure, yielding an exceptional range of properties from the isotropic low modulus to the high strength, high modulus, highly anisotropic HT and HM carbon fibres. The method of manufacture and the precursor materials are described, in particular the individual processing steps and changes accompanying the pyrolysis of PAN fibres. Future improvements in processing technology and precursor quality, promise a significant increase in the already very high properties level.
    Notes: Kohlenstoffasern sind vor allem als hochwertige Verstärkungskomponente in Verbundwerkstoffen mit Kunstharzen aber auch mit Metallen und Kohlenstoff als Matrix zu betrachten. Es ist vorauszusehen, daß die Phase der Markteinführung in den nächsten Jahren von einer starken Wachstumsphase abgelöst wird. Die zu erwartende Mengen- und Preisentwicklung sowie die sich abzeichnenden Hauptanwendungsgebiete werden diskutiert.Zum Verständnis der Eigenschaften der verschiedenen auf den Markt eingeführten Kohlenstoffasertypen werden deren Struktur und die Beziehungen zu den wichtigsten Fasereigenschaften behandelt. Daraus lassen sich auch die ungewöhnlichen Variationsmöglichkeiten ableiten  -  von den hochanisotropen HF- und HM-Fasern bis zu den isotropen Fasern.Die Faserherstellung und die verwendeten Rohstoffe werden beschrieben. Hierbei wird auf die Verfahrensschritte und auf die beim thermischen Abbau ablaufenden Vorgänge am Beispiel der PAN- Faser näher eingegangen. Die Weiterentwicklung der Herstellungs-technologie als auch der Rohfaserqualität läßt für die Zukunft noch eine fühlbare Steigerung des bereits heute hohen Eigenschaftsniveaus erwarten.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
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  • 28
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 287-293 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Fatigue Crack Propagation of High Strength AlloysInvestigations of the crack propagation behaviour under variable amplitude loading conditions show a strong influence of sequence effects. The fatigue crack propagation as a consequence of changes in the loading conditions is not linear. New continuum mechanical analyses enable an interpretation of the influence of sequence effects on fatigue crack propagation by considering the plastic deformations and displacements around the crack tip and their correlation to the crack closure behaviour. In order to enable a direct investigation of the crack propagation and crack closure behaviour in the scanning electron microscope a special loading equipment was designed. The investigations led to the following results: there existed only a weak correlation between the crack propagation rates and mechanisms at the side surfaces and on the fracture surfaces of the specimens,the crack propagation behaviour was significantly influenced by the microstructural constitution of the alloy,the continuum mechanical analyses could be corroborated in the tests.For the tests the high strength aluminum alloys 2024-T3 and X-7075 were applied.
    Notes: Bei der Betriebsbelastung schwingbeanspruchter Bauteile treten deutliche Last-Reihenfolgeneinflüsse auf. Die Rißausbreitung folgt diesen Änderungen in den Beanspruchungsbedingungen nicht linear. Neuere Erkenntnisse der Kontinuumsmechanik ermöglichen die Beurteilung von Reihenfolgeneinflüssen auf das Rißausbreitungsverhalten, bei denen insbesondere der Einfluß plastischer Verformungen und Verschiebungen auf das Rißschließverhalten berücksichtigt werden. Mit Hilfe einer speziellen Belastungsvorrichtung konnten die Rißausbreitung und die Rißschließung direkt im Rasterelektronenmikroskop untersucht werden. Es konnte festgestellt werden, daß an der Probenoberfläche und im Probeninnern Rißfortschritt und Rißausbreitungsmechanismus nicht vollständig korrelieren,der Mikromechanismus der Rißausbreitung deutlich durch die Mikrostruktur beeinflußt wird,die kontinuumsmechanischen Vorhersagen über den Rißschließvorgang weitgehend zutreffen.Die Versuche wurden mit den hochfesten Aluminiumlegierungen Al 2024-T3 und X-7075 durchgeführt.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 29
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. A68 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 30
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 361-367 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Mechanische Eigenschaften von SiliciumnitridDie mechanischen Raumtemperatureigenschaften von reaktionsgebundenem und heißgepreßtem Siliciumnitrid werden unter Berücksichtigung des Gefüges dieser Werkstoffe besprochen.Materialbedingte Gefügeeigenschaften zeigen einen ausgeprägten Einfluß auf die Festigkeit. Bei reaktionsgebundenem Siliciumnitrid sind dies der Volumenanteil der Porosität und die Porengrößenverteilung im Werkstoff. Im Falle des heißgepreßten Siliciumnitrids beeinflussen der Volumenanteil der während der α/β-Phasenumwandlung gebildeten stäbchenförmigen β-Körner und deren Korngrößenverteilung die Festigkeit.
    Notes: The room temperature mechanical properties of reaction bonded and hot-pressed silicon nitride are reviewed with respect to the microstructure of the material. It is shown that the strength of these compounds is predominantly controlled by microstructural features. These are the volume fraction of porosity and the pore size distribution for reaction bonded Si3N4, and the volume fraction of elongated transformed β grains and their grain size for hot-pressed Si3N4.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 31
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. A79 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 32
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. A86 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 33
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 411-414 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 34
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 35
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 423-434 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Kriechrißwachstum in austenitischen Stählen - Anwendbarkeit bruchmechanischer ParameterDie Ergebnisse über Kriechrißwachstum in den austenitischen Stählen AISI 304 und AISI 316 werden zusammengestellt. Der Vergleich der verschiedenen bruchmechanischen Parameter, die mit der Geschwindigkeit von Kriechrissen korreliert werden können, zeigt, daß momentan eine abschließende Bewertung nicht möglich ist. Bei der Übertragung von Kleinproben-Meßwerten auf Bauteile erscheinen für zukünftige Arbeiten das J-Integral bzw. modifizierte Versionen wie z. B. C* am aussichtsreichsten. Gewisse Attraktivität besitzt auch das Nettospannungskriterium. Der Spannungsintensitätsfaktor scheint wenig geeignet. Seine Anwendung führt zu einer konservativen Interpretation des bruchmechanischen Verhaltens.Im Zusammenhang mit den verschiedenen Parametern werden die Einflüsse von Temperatur, Geometrie und Umgebungsmedium auf das Kriechrißwachstum diskutiert.
    Notes: The comparison of fracture mechanics parameters, which have been applied to creep crack growth in case of the austenitic stainless steels AISI 304 and AISI 316, is possible only to a limited extent thus showing evidence that a reliable judgement cannot be given at this moment. With respect to the mechanical characterization of a cracked component by using small specimen data the J-integral resp. modified versions like C* have to be favoured for future work. The net-section stress seems to show promise under certain conditions as well. The application of the stress intensity factor will not characterize properly creep cracking by giving a conservative interpretation of the mechanical behaviour.With regard to fracture mechanics parameters the effects of temperature, geometry and environment on creep crack growth have also been discussed.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 36
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 37
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 38
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 39
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 40
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 41
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 31-40 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Coating with CVD-TechniquesCVD (Chemical Vapour Deposition) processes are reviewed in detail. The combination of different substrate and film materials and their application are shown. The relationship between deposition parameters and film properties is described and finally the necessary heat - treatment is illustrated.
    Notes: Die Abscheidung von Schichten aus der Gasphase (Chemical Vapour Deposition) wird hinsichtlich der Anlagentechnik und der Verfahrensabläufe erläutert. Es werden mögliche Schicht-Substratwerkstoffkombinationen und deren Anwendung aufgezeigt. Die Wechselwirkungen zwischen Abscheidebedingungen und Eigenschaften werden dargestellt, und schließlich wird auf die Wärmebehandlung eingegangen. In zunehmendem Maße wird es durch ökonomische Gegebenheiten erforderlich, Werkzeuge und Bauteile zwecks Verschleiß- und Korrosionsschutz mit funktionellen Oberflächenschichten zu versehen. Unter vielen anderen Beschichtungsverfahren hat die CVD-Beschichtung gerade auf dem Gebiet der Hartstoff-Beschichtung große Bedeutung erlangt. Aber auch auf anderen Gebieten wie z. B. der Elektronik oder der Energiegewinnung wird das CVD-Verfahren an Bedeutung gewinnen, dies vor allem dann, wenn die für die Reaktionen benötigten Temperaturen verringert werden können.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 42
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. A14 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 43
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 46-55 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Materialforschung mit kernphysikalischen MethodenDer Artikel soll eine Übersicht über die Anwendung nuklearer Methoden in der Erforschung der festen Körper geben. Dabei werden zunächst Beispiele für Änderung von Materialeigenschaften nach Bestrahlung und Implantation von Fremdatomen gegeben, wie auch nukleare Nachweismethoden zur Bestimmung von Fremdsubstanzen in einem Festkörper vorgestellt.
    Notes: The article reviews methods of nuclear physics as applied to the investigation of solid state properties. It includes a survey of possible modifications of material properties, as well as methods for the detection of foreign elements in various host materials.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
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  • 44
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 68-72 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Internal Stresses due to Rolling with and without SlipInternal stresses have been measured in specimens of roller bearing steel 100 Cr 6 with X-ray technique. The course of the internal stresses has been determined in dependence of the number of load cycles and slip. It is shown, that the internal stresses strongly depend on the slip magnitude.
    Notes: Mit Hilfe der röntgenographischen Eigenspannungsmessung wurde die Eigenspannungsausbildung in Proben aus 100 Cr 6 in Abhängigkeit von Überrollungszahl und Schlupf ermittelt. Es zeigt sich, daß die Eigenspannungsausbildung sehr stark vom Makroschlupf bestimmt wird.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 45
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. A15 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 46
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Tribological Properties of Chemically Deposited Ni-P-Coatings and Ni-P-SiC Composite CoatingsChemical deposition of Ni-P-coatings is a standard coating technique in surface treatment. The coatings have good corrosion resistance and good tribological properties due to their relatively high hardness. By codeposition of ceramic particles (SiC) these properties can be improved.
    Notes: Chemisch (stromlos) abgeschiedene Nickel-Phosphor-Schichten gehören zu den Standardbeschichtungen der funktionellen Galvanotechnik. Die Schichten sind weitgehend korrosionsbeständig und besitzen durch ihre hohe Härte gute tribologische Eigenschaften. Durch Mitabscheidung keramischer Hartstoffpartikel (SiC) können diese Eigenschaften noch weiter verbessert werden (1).Solche Dispersionsschichten haben bereits wichtige Anwendungsgebiete z. B. in der Textilindustrie und Kunststoffverarbeitung (Glasfasergehalte) gefunden und dort z. T. zu erheblichen Standzeitverbesserungen von Werkzeugen bis zum Faktor 15 geführt (2).Sehr häufig werden die Schichten nicht nur durch Verschleiß, sondern gleichzeitig auch durch Korrosion beansprucht, z. B. durch reaktive chemische Agenzien, die während des Spritz- bzw. bei Duroplasten während des Vernetzungsvorganges in Kunststofformwerkzeugen entstehen können.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 47
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 155-161 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The Behaviour of some Impact bending resistant Plastics and its Interpretation with Help of short Term bending Test and a pneumatic working High-energy impact test ImplementPlastic parts are often short term or impact bending loaded. It is wellknown, that the testing of some of these plastics is without any state. This perception guides us to the development of an implement which allows exact statements about the behaviour of impact loaded pieces without being forced to destroy them.With these results first statements about mechanism of load absorption and fracture behaviour of some impact resistant plastics are possible.
    Notes: Schlag- und kurzzeitige Biegebeanspruchung treten bei vielen Bauteilanwendungen auf. Bei Plastomeren ist dabei ein Dimensionieren schwierig, da über die Fähigkeit dieser Werkstoffe, viele Schlag- und Kurzzeitbeanspruchungen auszuhalten, Kenntnisse, die auf Meßwerten beruhen, fehlen und weil bei einigen Werkstoffen der übliche Schlagversuch ohne Teilzerstörung und daher ohne Befund bleibt. Aus diesen Gründen wurden Untersuchungen an schlagfesten Plastomeren durchgeführt, wobei an bestimmten Bauteilen gleichzeitig das Biegekurzzeit- und das Schlagverhalten, letzteres teilweise bis zum Bruch, Untersucht wurde.Aus den Ergebnissen können erste Aussagen zum Lastaufnehmemechanismus und zum Bruchverhalten einiger schlagfester Kunststoffe abgeleitet werden.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 48
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 182-190 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Tribological Tests on Surface Layers of Titanium Carbide, Titanium Nitride, Chromium Carbide and Iron BorideResults of friction and wear tests are presented which were carried out under conditions of solid friction and mixed lubrication. In the test series the best tribological behaviour is found if both sliding partners are coated with a surface layer of titanium carbide formed by chemical vapour deposition (CVD).
    Notes: Es wird über die Ergebnisse von Reibungs- und Verschleißprüfungen berichtet, die bei Festkörper- und Mischreibung gewonnen wurden. Von den untersuchten Gleitpaarungen schneiden insgesamt gesehen diejenigen am besten ab, bei denen beide Partner eine Oberflächenschicht aus Titancarbid besitzen, die durch chemische Abscheidung aus der Gasphase (CVD) erzeugt wurde.
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
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  • 49
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 209-212 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: X-Ray Stress Measurement on Austenitic Steels - A Possibility of Predicting Fatigue DamageBased on the results found for fatigue tests on a ferritic steel combined with x-ray stress analysis similar investigations were carried out for an austenitic stainless steel. For that reason the Wöhler tests were interrupted after defined load cycle numbers and the residual stress and the half value breadth of the x-ray peaks were determined in the groove of the samples. The investigation has shown correlations between residual stress, load amplitudes and load cycle numbers. These relations in connection with a dependence of the breadth of the x-ray peaks from the load cycle number have been used for a non-destructive testing model of predicting the life of samples under alternating load.
    Notes: Aufbauend auf Untersuchungen an einem ferritischen Stahl wurden an Proben aus einem austenitischen Stahl Ermüdungsversuche kombiniert mit Eigenspannungsmessungen durchgeführt. Dazu wurden die Wöhlerversuche definiert nach vorgegebenen Lastwechselzahlen unterbrochen und röntgenografisch die Eigenspannungen und Interferenzbreiten im Kerb der Proben bestimmt. Es zeigten sich Abhängigkeiten der Oberflächeneigenspannungen von Lastamplituden und Lastwechselzahlen, die unter Zuhilfenahme der ebenfalls gefundenen Zusammenhänge zwischen Halbwertbreiten und Lastwechselzahlen dazu herangezogen werden, um auf zerstörungsfreiem Wege auf die Lebensdauer wechselbeanspruchter Proben zu schließen.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 50
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 51
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. A30 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 52
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 153-154 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 53
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. A34 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 54
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 168-172 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Einfluß von Haltezeiten und Umgebung auf Rißfortschritt bei Ermüdung von Titan-LegierungenHaltezeiten bei der maximalen Kraft eines Wechsellastversuchs an Titanlegierungen beeinflussen die Rißgeschwindigkeit, wenn Kmax den Grenzwert für Rißausbreitung bei einem Versuch mit konstanter Kraft überschreitet. Für Haltezeitenversuche an Luft kann die Rißverlängerung pro Lastwechsel aus der Rißgeschwindigkeit eines Versuchs mit dreiecksförmiger Belastung und einem Versuch mit konstanter Belastung vorausgesagt werden. In 3,5% NaCl-Lösung ist die gemessene Rißgeschwindigkeit kleiner als die vorausgesagte.
    Notes: In titanium alloys an effect of hold time at maximum load in a cyclic test is observed if Kmax exceeds the threshold for crack propagation at a constant load test. For tests in air it is possible to predict crack growth rate for a hold time cycle from the crack growth rates from a cyclic test with triangular wave form and a constant load test. In 3.5% NaCl solution the measured crack growth rate is lower than the predicted.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 55
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 56
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. A50 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 57
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 258-264 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Creep Behaviour of Hot-Work Tool SteelsComparison of four steels with varying hardening and annealing treatment. Creep test of up to 200 h duration under constant stress at 550°C. Investigation of carbides by x-ray diffraction of electrochemical residues and electron diffraction of extraction replicas. Marked strengthening at the beginning of creep due to carbide precipitation followed by a decrease in strength due to carbide growth and formation of cells. Up to 1000 h the steel X 40 CrMo V 51 seems to offer the best creep strenght when hardened from 1100°C.
    Notes: Vergleichende Untersuchung von vier Warmarbeitsstählen in Abhängigkeit von Härte- und Anlaßtemperatur. Kriechversuche bis zu 200 h Dauer unter konstanter Spannung bei 550°C. Karbiduntersuchung durch Röntgenbeugung elektrochemisch isolierter Rückstände und Elektronenbeugung an Ausziehabdrucken. Starke Verfestigung zu Beginn des Kriechens durch Karbidausscheidungen mit anschließender Entfestigung durch Karbidvergröberung und Zellbildung. Bis 1000 h deutet sich die beste Kriechfestigkeit für den Stahl X 40 CrMo V 51 gehärtet von 1100°C an.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 58
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. A47 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 59
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. A52 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 60
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 61
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 281-287 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Improvements in lead alloys for chemical plants, III: Mechanical propertiesThe hardness of copper-alloyed rolled lead for chemical plants is increased by further alloying additions. The hardness of the finegrained lead alloy PbCu0.04Sn0.05Pd0.03Se0.02, which is optimum as regards processability, fine-grained structure, structural stability, and corrosion resistance, lies between that of copper lead DIN 1719 and antimonial lead containing 4% Sb. The yield point (0.2% yield strength) and tensile strength of the tested rolled lead materials increase within a certain range in a linear proportion to the hardness. This also applies to the fatigue strength. The creep strength (1% time yield limit and long-time rupture strength) likewise increases with growing hardness; this dependency diminishes, however, with rising temperature and becomes insignificant at 110°C. The improvements in mechanical properties of copper-alloyed lead to be achieved by small additions of silver (up to 0.01%) are thoroughly discussed.
    Notes: Die Härte von kupferlegiertem Walzblei für den Chemie-Apparatebau wird durch weitere Legierungszusätze erhöht. Der im Hinblick auf Verarbeitbarkeit, Feinkörnigkeit, Gefügestabilität und Korrosionsbeständigkeit optimale Blei-Feinkornwerkstoff PbCu0,042Sn0,05Pd0,03Se0,02 liegt in seiner Härte zwischen derjenigen von Kupferfeinblei DIN 1719 und Hartblei mit 4% Sb. Streckgrenze (0,2%-Dehngrenze) und Zugfestigkeit der untersuchten Walzblei-Werkstoffe nehmen innerhalb einer gewissen Streubreite linear mit der Härte zu. Das gilt auch für die Wechselfestigkeit. Die Kriechfestigkeit (1% Zeitdehngrenze und Zeitstandfestigkeit) nimmt gleichfalls mit der Härte zu, wobei sich diese Abhängigkeit aber mit zunehmender Prüftemperatur abschwächt und bei 110deg;C nur noch gering ist. Die durch geringe Zusätze von Silber (bis 0,01%) erzielbaren Verbesserungen der mechanischen Eigenschaften von kupferlegiertem Blei werden ausführlich diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 62
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 63
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 64
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 305-308 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Fatigue Crack Growth in a 13% Chromium Steel at Frequencies from 10-3 to 104 Hertz. Determination of the Threshold Stress Intensity ΔK0 by Ultrasonic FatigueFracture mechanics fatigue crack growth tests were run with loading frequencies from 10-3 to 104 Hertz. The results show that the environmental effects on fatigue crack growth decrease strongly at higher frequencies. Ultrasonic fatigue tests in water yield the same crack growth rates as low frequency fatigue tests in vacuum. Ultrasonic fatigue tests allow the measurement of the fatigue threshold stress intensity ΔK0 within reasonable testing times.
    Notes: Bruchmechanische Ermüdungsversuche wurden sowohl niederfrequent (bis 10-3 Hertz) als auch hochfrequent (mit Hilfe von Ultraschall und Hochgeschwindigkeitschromatographie bis 2,1 × 104 Hertz) durchgeführt. Dabei zeigt sich, daß der Einfluß korrosiver Umgebungen auf die Ermüdungsrißwachstumsgeschwindigkeit zu höheren Frequenzene hin abnimmt. Ultraschallermüdung des Stahls in Wasser führt zu gleichen Rißgeschwindigkeiten wie niederfrequente Ermüdung im Vakuum. Insbesondere für den Bereich kleiner Spannungsintensitätswerte bietet der Ultraschall-Ermüdungsversuch den Vorteil, den Schwellwert ΔK0 der Spannungsintensität, unter dem kein Rißfortschritt festzustellen ist, in kurzer Zeit zu ermitteln.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 65
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 324-330 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Nodular Cast Iron as a Material for FittingsFor some time, the use of fittings made from nodular cast iron has been widening. Although certain grades of this group of materials have been standardized in DIN 1693 Part 1 and Part 2 as well as in AD Specification Sheet W 3/2, nodular cast iron is not considered a ductile material according to AD Specification Sheet A 4. This statement practically equals a ban on the use of nodular cast iron fittings for pressure vessels. Following an introductory description of the properties of this group of materials, the present paper discusses the requirements to be made from the view of the materials testing and materials science department of a major chemical company on the use nodular cast iron fittings as equipment parts of pressure vessels.
    Notes: Seit einiger Zeit werden in zunehmendem Maß Armaturen aus Gußeisen mit Kugelgraphit verwendet. Zwar sind bestimmte Sorten dieser Werkstoffgruppe in DIN 1693 Teil 1 und Teil 2 sowie im AD-Merkblatt W 3/2 genormt, jedoch gilt nach AD-Merkblatt A 4 Gußeisen mit Kugelgraphit nicht als zäher Werkstoff. Diese Festlegung kommt praktisch einem Verwendungsverbot von Armaturen aus Gußeisen mit Kugelgraphit für Druckbehälter gleich. In der Arbeit werden nach einer einleitenden Darlegung der Eigenschaften dieser Werkstoffgruppe die Bedingungen erörtert, die aus der Sicht der Abteilung Materialprüfung und Werkstofftechnik eines bedeutenden Chemieunternehmens nötig sind, um Armaturen aus Gußeisen mit Kugelgraphit als Ausrüstungsteile von Druckbehältern einsetzen zu können.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 66
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. A74 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 67
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 68
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 440-446 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Wear of Processing Equipment and Moulds by Filled and Reinforced PlasticsThe introduction of filled and reinforced plastics into the market increased the problem of wear during processing. It is estimated that in Germany wear based losses are up to 500 Millions DM per annum. Special test methods have been developed for systematic analysis of wear phaenomena. A considerable progress has been achieved in solving these problems in close contact to the concerning industry.
    Notes: Mit der Einführung gefüllter und verstärkter Kunststoffe haben die Verschleißprobleme bei der Verarbeitung zunehmend an Bedeutung gewonnen. Die durch Verschleiß verursachten Verluste in der Kunststoffindustrie werden in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland derzeit auf 500 Mill. DM pro Jahr geschätzt. Zur systematischen Untersuchung und zur Analyse der Verschleißerscheinungen wurden Modellprüfverfahren entwickelt. In enger Zusammenarbeit mit der Industrie konnten bereits beachtliche Erfolge bei der Minimierung der Verschleißschäden erzielt werden.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 69
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 70
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 451-451 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 71
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 72
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 239-244 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Eine thermisch geschockte Einheitszelle eines Faserverbundwerkstoffes mit GrenzflächenrissenDer Einfluß eines Grenzflächenrisses zwischen Faser und Matrix auf das zeitabhängige Thermoschockverhalten wird theoretisch untersucht. Rißausbreitungskräfte werden berechnet und eine Glasfaser mit einer Siliziumkarbidfaser verglichen. Das Modell einer starren Faser wird kritisch bewertet.
    Notes: The influence of a crack at the interface between the fibre and the matrix of a thermally shocked composite material has been considered theoretically. The time-dependending crack extension force has been calculated. A glass-aluminium composite is compared with a SiC—Al-composite.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. A55 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 265-269 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Spot-Testing Reactions for Identification of High-Alloying Special-SteelsBy means of spot-testing reactions several procedures for nondestructive material tests were developed. The methods described in this paper is no substitute for a quantitative chemical analysis. Properly the question is, these are rapid-methods, but they enable to determine the magnitude of some alloying-elements and a distinction of several high-alloy steels is possible by this way. Also for these methods no special-educated personnel is required, rather they can be carried out from each laboratory in low costs and very quick. With the test reactions for Cr, Co, Cu, Mo, Ni, Si and Ti the applicability of spot-testing in special-steel industry is exhibited.
    Notes: Mit Hilfe von chemischen Tüpfelreaktionen wurde eine Reihe von Arbeitsvorschriften zur zerstörungsfreien Materialprüfung ausgearbeitet. Die in dieser Arbeit erwähnten Methoden ersetzen jedoch keineswegs eine quantitative chemische Analyse, die zur Identifizierung einer völlig unbekannten Stahlmarke notwendig ist. Es handelt sich dabei vielmehr um Schnellverfahren, mit deren Hilfe es aber ermöglicht wird, die Größenordnung einzelner Legierungselemente halbquantitativ einzurordnen und somit verschiedene hochlegierte Stahltypen eindeutig zu unterscheiden. Für diese Verfahren sind keine speziell ausgebildeten Arbeitskräfte nötig, sie können jedoch nach kurzer Einarbeitung und mit geringen Kosten von jedem Labor ausgeführt werden.Anhand von einigen Beispielen, und zwar mit den Nachweisreaktionen auf Chrom, Kobalt, Kupfer, Molybdän, Nickel, Silizium und Titan werden die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten der chemischen Tüpfelanalyse in der Edelstahlindustrie aufgezeigt.
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  • 75
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. A63 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 76
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. A66 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 77
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 78
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. A2 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 79
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. A4 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 80
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Acoustic Emission Monitoring of Polymeric Composite Materials. Part I: The Technique of Acoustic Emission MonitoringThe importance of nondestructive testing methods increases in material and structure production control techniques as well as in the practical, calculated usage of faulty structures.The technique of acoustic emission is a useful aid in monitoring complex structures in real time mode. In Part I the fundamental measuring technique of this testing method is discussed.
    Notes: Im Rahmen der Qualitätssicherung von Werkstoffen und Bauteilen aber auch des kalkulierten praktischen Einsatzes defekthafter Strukturen in der Praxis ist den zerstörungsfreien Werkstoffprüfverfahren eine bedeutende Rolle beizumessen.Als Echtzeitprüfung, bei der das gesamte Bauteilvolumen erfaßt wird, findet das Schallemissionsmeßverfahren immer mehr Anwender. In diesem Beitrag werden die prinzipiellen, meßtechnischen Grundlagen dieses Verfahrens diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 81
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 56-59 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Determining the Distribution of Residual Stresses in Cylindrical Solid Bodies by Employing Different Computation MethodsThere are two methods for the computation of residual stresses in cylindrical bodies. The methods in question are by G. Sachs and E. Krägeloh. The residual stresses are computed out off the determined stresses. The basis of the two methods are two different hypothesises with different assumed tension gradients and elongation gradients across the sample cross-section. The methods differentiated for homogeneous and inhomogeneous materials meet with their differential equation the balance conditions.The different methods employed show considerable differences in regard to circumferential tensions. This differences result particularly at the cylinder wall surface (outside). The tension differences grow with increasing cylinder wall thickness. The longitudinal tensions and radial tensions computed by the methods of G. Sachs and E. Krägeloh are nearly identical.It is much more important to know the tendency of the residual stress distribution in a given solid body than to know the absolute value of the residual tension conditions.It is to recommend, to employ the method developed by G. Sachs, because the computing expenditure is much less than the one necessary for the method of E. Krägeloh.
    Notes: Die Berechnungen von Eigenspannungen aus den bei der Formänderungsanalyse gemessenen Dehnungsverläufen an zylindrischen Körpern lassen sich für homogene Werkstoffe nach zwei bekannten Berechnungsverfahren durchführen. Diesen beiden Verfahren liegen grundsätzlich unterschiedliche Hypothesen der angenommenen Spannungs- bzw. Dehnungsverläufe über den Probenquerschnitten zugrunde. Die Verfahren, abgeleitet für homogene und inhomogene Werkstoffe, erfüllen mit ihren jeweiligen Differentialgleichungen die Gleichgewichtsbedingungen.Bei den Umfangsspannungen lassen sich erhebliche Differenzen in den errechneten Spannungswerten bei Anwendung der beiden Verfahren an homogenen Werkstoffen nachweisen. Beim Abdrehversuch ergeben sich diese Abweichungen insbesondere am Zylindermantel, wobei sich die Spannungsunterschiede mit zunehmender Wanddicke vergrößern. Dagegen weichen die nach beiden Verfahren bestimmten längs- und Radialspannungen nur unwesentlich voneinander.Viel wichtiger als die Ermittlung der absoluten Eigenspannungszustände in einem Körper ist vielmehr die Kenntnis von der Tendenz des Eigenspannungsverlaufs. Nicht zuletzt auch wegen des geringeren rechnerischen Aufwandes ist die Anwendung des Sachschen Berechnungsverfahrens bei der Eigenspannungsanalyse an homogenen Werkstoffen empfehlenswert.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 82
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 83
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. A20 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 84
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 116-117 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 85
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 110-115 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Computation of Residual Stresses in Metal-Sprayed Solid Bodies Presenting Rotation SymmetryResidual stresses are internal tensions in a workpiece without acting forces and moments on the solid body. The knowledge of the residual stresses can be very interesting because the superposition with tensions from forces and moments can produce a unfavorable state of stresses.Based on the reflektions for the computation of residual stresses in homogen materials the general equations for inhomogen materials and the equations for the special case of a solid body consisting of two layers are differentiated. A simple evaluation is shown. In a special case the solid body is taken as inhomogen, while the layers are homogen and isotropic. The equations are employed for metal-sprayed bodies and for all other laminated systems of two layers presenting rotation symmetry. There are press fits, shrink fits, clad steel a.s.o. Different hypothesis for computation the circumferential tension show two different solutions with two different results.
    Notes: Eigenspannungen sind in einem Werkstück vorhandene innere Spannungen, ohne daß Kräfte oder Momente auf den Körper einwirken. Die Kenntnis der Eigenspannungen kann von Interesse sein, besonders wenn durch Superposition mit den Lastspannungen ungünstige Spannungszustände im Werkstück entstehen. Ausgehend von den Überlegungen zur Eigenspannungsberechnung in homogenen Werkstoffen werden die allgemeinen Lösungsgleichungen für inhomogene Werkstoffe und die Gleichungen für den speziellen Fall eines aus zwei Schichten bestehenden Verbundkörpers abgeleitet und die Möglichkeiten der einfachen Auswertung aufgezeigt. Im speziellen Fall wird der Gesamtkörper als inhomogen, die einzelnen Schichten als homogen und isotrop betrachtet. Die Gleichungen sind nicht nur auf metallgespritzte Verbundkörper anwendbar, sondern auf alle rotationssymmetrischen Zweistoffsysteme, wie Preß- und Schrumpfpassungen, plattierte Werkstücke usw. übertragbar. Aufgrund verschiedener Hypothesen werden für die Ermittlung der Umfangsspannungen zwei unterschiedliche Lösungsansätze gemacht, die zu voneinander abweichenden Ergebnissen führen. Auf die entsprechenden Unterschiede wird hingewiesen.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 87
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Stress Corrosion Cracking at Temperature in the range of 180 °C.Tests are described to find out the stress corrosion behaviour of some stainless steels of the austenitic and ferritic-austenitic type in low concentrated aqueous chloride media with temperatures up to 180°C and pressures up to 10 bar. A sensitivity of the austenitic steels could be determined during 6 to 55 hours, the ferritic-austenitic steel X 2 CrNiMoN 22 5 however didn't suffer any SCC during 235 h with the exception of the welded state.In this way - by the use of a pressure vessel - it is possible, to carry out laboratory tests under conditions of practice.
    Notes: Es werden Versuche zur Ermittlung des Spannungsrißkorrosionsverhaltens rost- und säurebeständiger austenitischer und ferritisch-austenitischer Stähle in niedrigkonzentrierten chloridhaltigen wäßrigen Lösungen bei höheren Temperaturen und Drücken beschrieben. Eine Anfälligkeit von Stählen auch in diesen Lösungen läßt sich nach relativ kurzen Versuchszeiten nachweisen. Somit ist die Simulation von Schadensfällen in der Praxis leicht möglich.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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  • 88
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. A31 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 89
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 134-144 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: COD Investigations on Low Alloy SteelsFracture toughness tests were performed at low alloy steels using the COD concept. Especially have been investigated the effect of evaluation methods, determination of stable crack initation and the effect of specimen geometry on the critical crack tip opening displacement:The evaluation methods in use today yield different δc-values, therefore a standard procedure method may be desirable.The potential method seems to give the best results for characterizing stable crack growth. A control by unloading and marking the crack extension by additional fatigue loading or other methods might be necessary.An effect of specimen thickness on the critical crack opening displacement was only found at thin specimens, in which no plane strain appeared or only arised in a small region within the center of the specimen. The crack opening displacement at the moment of first crack propagation (stable or instable) proved to be independent of specimen thickness if the amount of plane strain exceeded 50%. For this condition also was found no influence of crack length within the range for a/W = 0,2 to 0,65.
    Notes: An niedriglegierten Baustählen erfolgten bruchmechanische Untersuchungen nach dem COD-Konzept. Insbesondere wurde dabei der Einfluß der Meßmethode und des Auswerteverfahrens, die Bestimmung des Beginns des stabilen Rißfortschritts und der Einfluß der Proben- und Rißgeometrie auf die kritische Rißaufweitung δc untersucht:Die heute gebräuchlichen Auswerteverfahren können zu unterschiedlichen Ergebnissen führen; eine Festlegung der anzuwendenden Auswertemethode durch Normung ist wünschenswert.Von den indirekten Methoden zum Erfassen des stabilen Rißfortschritts scheint z. Z. die Potentialmethode die sichersten Ergebnisse zu liefern. Eine Kontrolle des Rißfortschritts mittels Lastunterbrechung kann erforderlich sein.Ein Einfluß der Probendicke auf die kritische Rißaufweitung ist nur bei dünnen Proben gegeben, in denen ein ebener Dehnungszustand in Probenmitte zum Zeitpunkt der Rißausbreitung nicht oder nur in einem kleinen Bereich vorliegt. Für Proben mit größeren Anteilen an ebenem Dehnungszustand in Probenmitte - ab etwa 50% - wird die Rißaufweitung bei Rißbeginn (stabil oder instabil) dickenunabhängig. Auch ein Einfluß der Rißlänge ist dann für das Rißlängenverhältnis a/W = 0,2 bis 0,65 nicht festzustellen.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
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  • 90
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. A36 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 91
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. A18 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 92
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 312-318 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Influence of Carbon Content on the Fatigue Strength of Hardened and Tempered SteelsIn hardened and tempered condition the same tensile strength can be attained by steels with different carbon contents through suitable tempering temperature. The aim of this study was to find out, whether steels with different carbon contents, having similar tensile strength, produce different fatigue limits. A new methods of evaluation through graphical description of multiple regression analysis has been used.The results of this investigation show, that, within the usual range of tensile strength, the carbon content of hardened and tempered steels is immaterial for the fatigue strength. A higher carbon content brings only then advantages, if the reduction of area is not affected by it adversely. Particularly for higher strengthes (Rm 〉 1500 N/mm2) higher carbon content is advantageous, because for steels with higher carbon a higher tempering temperature is permissible, which leads to higher ductility.
    Notes: Im vergüteten Zustand ist es im üblichen Festigkeitsbereich für die Dauerfestigkeit ohne Bedeutung, mit welchem Kohlenstoffgehalt die Zugfestigkeit eingestellt wird. Ein höherer Kohlenstoffgehalt bringt dann Vorteile, wenn die Brucheinschnürung durch den höheren Kohlenstoffgehalt nicht herabgesetzt wird. Das kann sich besonders bei höheren Festigkeiten (Rm 〉 1500 N/mm2) günstig auswirken, da dann der Stahl mit dem höheren Kohlenstoffgehalt eine höhere Anlaßtemperatur erlaubt und damit zu einer höheren Duktilität (Brucheinschnürung Z) führt.Bei Stählen mit niedrigem Kohlenstoffgehalt (C 〈 0,3%) wird die höchste Schwingfestigkeit im gehärteten, nicht angelassenen Zustand erzielt, bei Stählen mit höherem Kohlenstoffgehalt nach Anlassen zwischen 200 und 450 °C.Die maximal erreichbare Biegewechselfestigkeit liegt bei 850 ± 100 N/mm2, sie wird von allen Vergütungsstählen mit C 〉 0,3% erreicht.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 93
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. A71 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 94
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 330-341 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Inorganic Fibres - Fabrication, Properties and ApplicationGlass- and carbon fibres are preferred reinforcement materials for composites with polymer matrix. Basing on an analysis of their properties it is shown that other inorganic fibres can combine the advantages of both, and avoid their disadvantages. Boron-, siliconcarbide- and alumina-fibres are discussed in detail.The boron fibre has a YOUNG's modulus up to 45 MN/m2 and a strength of 3000-4000 MN/m2 as well as high compressive and shear strength. Therefore the boron fibres are superior to the carbon fibres as high modulus reinforcement material. The disadvantages of the boron fibres are their complicated fabrication process (chemical vapour deposition on a tungsten monofilament), and their only availability in form of monofilaments with diameters of at least 60 μm. The boron fibre recristallizes at 6000 °C and reacts also with the tungsten substrat. Thus, its application at elevated temperatures is limited.The SiC-fibre shows the same mechanical properties as the boron fibre but it can be fabricated by chemical vapour deposition also on a carbon monofilament. The advantages are the chemical compatibility with carbon substrat and the resistance against oxidation. The disadvantage is the higher density compared with that of boron (3,5 against 2,6 · 103 kg/m3) Carbon yarns (with 10 000 monofilaments of 10 μm diameter) with SiC coatings of 0,5 μm can be seen as an alternative to the relatively thick SiC-monofilaments with 60 μm diameter. The advantage of such coated carbon yarn is a better applicability in fibre reinforced composite materials. There exists a further alternative preparation process for SiC-yarn, namely the spinning of polycarbosilanes with subsequent formation of SiC by pyrolysis treatment.Al2O3-fibres are chemically inert against most oxidic and metallic matrix materials, and promises to be candidate reinforcement materials for aluminium. They can be prepared by melt-spinning process as well as by a hydrolysis-process starting from aluminium organic compounds with subsequent heat treatment for thermal decomposition.The properties of all these fibre materials are compared with those of glass-, polyamid- and carbon-fibres as well as with metal wires.
    Notes: Aufgrund einer Analyse der Eigenschaften der heute bevorzugten Verstärkungsfasern aus Glas und Kohlenstoff wird gezeigt, daß es anorganische Materialien gibt, die die Vorteile der obigen Fasern unter Vermeidung deren Nachteile vereinigen. Als repräsentative Beispiele werden die Borfaser, die Siliziumkarbidfaser und die Aluminiumoxidfaser näher besprochen.Die Borfaser weist Elastizitätsmoduln bis 45 · 104 MN/m2 bei Zugfestigkeiten von 3000-4000 MN/m2, aber auch hohe Druckfestigkeit und geringe Scherempfindlichkeit auf. Damit ist die Borfaser der Kohlenstoffaser als Hochmodul-Verstärkungselement überlegen. Der Nachteil der Borfaser ist deren komplizierte Herstellung (chemische Gasphasenabscheidung auf einem Wolframdraht) und die ausschließliche Verfügbarkeit als Monofilament mit mindestens 60 μ Durchmesser. Die Borfaser rekristallisiert bei Temperaturen oberhalb 600 °C und reagiert zusätzlich mit der Wolframseele, was deren Anwendungsmöglichkeit bei erhöhten Temperaturen einschränkt.Die SiC-Faser hat gleiche mechanische Eigenschaften wie die Borfaser und kann durch chemische Gasphasenabscheidung auch auf Kohlenstoff-Monofilamenten hergestellt werden. Dies bringt den Vorteil der chemischen Verträglichkeit mit der Kohlenstoffseele. Die SiC-Faser ist außerdem oxidationsempfindlich. Der Nachteil der SiC-Faser ist deren höhere Dichte im Vergleich zu Bor (3,5 gegenüber 2,6 · 103 kg/m3). Kohlenstoffasergarne mit bis zu 10 000 Monofilamenten von 10 μm Durchmesser, die mit SiC-Schichten um 0,5 μ umhüllt sind, können als Alternative zu den 60 μm dicken SiC-Monofilamenten angesehen werden. Der Vorteil derartiger beschichteter Kohlenstoffaserbündel ist deren leichtere Verarbeitbarkeit im Verbundkörper. Auch bietet sich zur Herstellung von SiC-Faserbündeln ein Spinnverfahren von Polycarbosilanen mit anschließender Pyrolyse zum SiC-Garn an.Die Al2O3-Faser hätte den großen Vorteil einer chemischen Inertheit gegenüber den meisten oxidischen und metallischen Matrixmaterialien. Sie könnte als ideales Verstärkungselement für Aluminiumwerkstoffe angesehen werden. Zu deren Herstellung kann man das Schmelzspinn-Verfahren, aber auch ein Gelverfahren, ausgehend von aluminiumorganischen Verbindungen und anschließendem thermischen Abbau, anwenden.Die Eigenschaften aller dieser Fasertypen werden vergleichend mit denen der Glas-, Polyaramid- und Kohlenstoffasern sowie mit Metalldrähten diskutiert.
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  • 95
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 343-360 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Structures of Fatigue Fractures in Fibre-Reinforced PlasticsThe report deals with macrofractographic and microfractographic structures in non-reinforced epoxide resins as well as in glass-fibre reinforced plastics and carbon-fibre reinforced plastics after fatigue stresses. Epoxide resins show fatigue striations and fracture lines similar to those in metals. The distance between the fatigue striations amounts to between 0.70 and 150 m̈m and increases continuously in the direction of fracture propagation. The instantaneous fractures in non-reinforced resin show parabolic cusps besides Wallner-lines and lance-shaped structures.Surfaces of delamination fractures of glass-fibre reinforced plastics show fatigue striations which are characteristic for fibre-reinforced composites, but their morphology differs from the fatigue striations in non-reinforced resin.This was the first time that fatigue striations could be discovered in fibre-reinforced composites of a fibre content of 70 per cent by volume.These fatigue striations are strongly marked at the positions of the fibres and will probably arise only in case of a sufficiently high local stress intensity. Moreover, the amounts of the local slicing and shearing stress components, of which is composed the stress causing the fracture, could be partly responsible for the formation of fatigue striations.The formation of the fatigue striations allows to draw conclusions with respect to the fracture-causing local stress distribution and the local crack propagation in fibre-reinforced plastics.The surfaces of instantaneous fractures in glass-fibre reinforced plastics and carbon-fibre reinforced plastics show parabolic cusps. This is another distinguishing characteristic as compared with the surfaces of fatigue fractures.
    Notes: Es wird über makro- und mikrofraktographische Strukturen an reinem Epoxidharz sowie an GFK und CFK nach Schwingbeanspruchung berichtet. In Epoxidharz treten Schwingungsstreifen und Bruchbahnen, ähnlich wie an Metallen auf. Der Abstand der Schwingungsstreifen beträgt 0,70 bis 150 m̈m und nimmt in Bruchfortschrittsrichtung kontinuierlich zu. Die Gewaltbrüche in reinem Harz zeigen neben Wallner-Linien und Lanzettenstruktur durchwegs Bruchhyperbeln.Delaminationsbruchflächen von GFK weisen für den faserverstärkten Verbundwerkstoff charakteristische Schwingungsstreifen auf, deren Morphologie sich von den Schwingungsstreifen an reinem Harz unterscheidet.Damit ist es erstmals gelungen, an faserverstärkten Verbundwerkstoffen mit einem Fasergehalt von 70 Vol.% Schwingungsstreifen zu finden.Letztere sind am Ort der Fasern besonders ausgeprägt und dürften nur bei genügend hoher, örtlicher Spannungsintensität entstehen. Des weiteren könnten die Beträge der örtlichen Schäl- und Schubspannungskomponenten, aus denen sich die bruchwirksame Spannung zusammensetzt, für die Bildung von Schwingungsstreifen mitverantwortlich sein.Die Ausbildung der Schwingungsstreifen läßt auf die bruchwirksame, örtliche Spannungsverteilung und den örtlichen Rißfortschritt im faserverstärkten Kunststoff schließen.Die Gewaltbruchflächen von GFK und CFK weisen Bruchhyperbeln auf. Damit ist ein weiteres Unterscheidungsmerkmal zu den Schwingbruchflächen gegeben.
    Additional Material: 41 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 197-205 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Der Einfluß hoher Temperaturgradienten auf die Stabilität dreier oxiddispersionsgehärteter (ODS) Legierungen (MA 754 und MA 6000 E auf Ni-Basis, MA 956 auf Fe-Basis) und des gerichtet erstarrten Eutektikums γ/γ′/α wurde experimentell untersucht. Die Maximaltemperaturen betrugen bis zu 1200°C bei Temperaturgradienten in der Größenordnung von 100°C/mm.Bei den ODS-Legierungen erwies sich die Prüfung als schwierig, da die thermischen Spannungen aufgrund des Temperaturgradienten zu Rißbildung und Rißwachstum im Material führen. Daher erscheinen diese Legierungen für die Anwendung in Gegenwart von Temperaturgradienten wenig geeignet.In der Legierung γ/γ′-α wurde eine ausgezeichnete Stabilität der Mo-Fasern festgestellt; allerdings wurden Gefügeveränderungen in der Nähe der Korngrenzen beobachtet. Ähnliche Instabilitäten wurden auch in isotherm geglühten Proben gefunden, so daß ein deutlicher Einfluß eines Temperaturgradienten auf das Gefüge von γ/γ′-α-Legierungen nicht zu erkennen ist.
    Notes: Thermal gradient testing of three oxide dispersion strengthened alloys (two Ni-base alloys, MA 754 and MA 6000E, and the Fe-base MA 956) and the directionally solidified eutectic alloy, γ/γ′-α, have been conducted. Experiments were carried out with maximum temperatures up to 1200°C and thermal gradients on the order of 100°C/mm. The oxide dispersion strengthened alloys were difficult to test because the thermal stresses promoted crack nucleation and growth; thus the ability of these alloys to maintain a thermal gradient may be limited. The stability of individual fibers in γ/γ′-α was found to be excellent; however, microstructural changes were observed in the vicinity of grain boundaries. Similar structures were also observed in isothermally annealed material; therefore thermal gradients do not affect the microstructure of γ/γ′-α in any significant manner.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 223-226 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 379-381 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Yield criterion for thermoplastics. Part II: Isotropic Yield CriterionUsing the plastic potential for anisotropic solids which have been investigated in the first part of this paper, a isotropic yield criterion is derived and compared with experimental results.
    Notes: Ausgehend vom plastischen Potential für anisotrope Werkstoffe, das im Teil ITeil I ist erschienen in Heft 10/1980. dieser Arbeit untersucht wurde, ist eine isotrope Fließbedingung hergeleitet und mit experimentellen Ergebnissen verglichen.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 387-399 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Experimental Investigations on Structural Member Toughness with Several Pressure Vessel MaterialsFormer bursting tests and strain measurements with model vessels of boiler plate and of low temperature steel gave already informations on toughness behaviour of such structural members at temperatures down to -140°C. This paper deals with similar tests on vessels of fine grain steels and gives a final evaluation of all these experiments. Characteristic deformation and fracture phenomena are found at the changing from tough to brittle behaviour according to ductility of the different materials. Materials data as impact transition temperature and Robertson crack arrest temperature as well as pressure to yield during the bursting test may be used to estimate safety in calculation of pressure vessels. The results of these experiments lead to stress analytic investigations which are reported in a further paper.
    Notes: Kenntnisse über das Zähigkeitsverhalten von Behältern unter Innendruck wurden durch Berstversuche mit Verformungsmessungen an Modellbehältern verschiedener Konstruktionsform aus den Werkstoffen Kesselblech HI/HII und Tieftemperaturstahl TTSt. 35 N bereits in früheren Untersuchungen gewonnen. Diese Ergebnisse werden ergänzt durch analoge Versuche an Behältern aus den Feinkornbaustählen TTSt.E36 und St.E47, über die hier schwerpunktmäßig berichtet wird. Durch Absenken der Temperatur findet man charakteristische Verformungs- und Brucherscheinungen, die den Übergang vom zähen zum spröden Verhalten der Bauteile je nach der Duktilität der einzelnen Werkstoffe kennzeichnen. Aus Werkstoffkennwerten wie Kerbschlagübergangstemperatur und Rißauffangtemperatur nach Robertson sowie aus dem Druck für den Fließbeginn während des Berstversuches können die in jedem Fall vorhandene Verformungsreserve und die Sicherheit bei der Bauteilauslegung nach den Regeln der Technik abgeschätzt werden. Die experimentellen Befunde bilden die Voraussetzung und zugleich die Bestätigung für spannungsanalytische Untersuchungen, über die in einem weiteren Aufsatz berichtet wird.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
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  • 100
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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