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  • 2015-2019
  • 1985-1989  (1,272)
  • 1988  (1,272)
  • General Chemistry  (1,050)
  • Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics  (222)
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  • 2015-2019
  • 1985-1989  (1,272)
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 33 (1988), S. 585-585 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 37-46 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Conformational preferences of model modified nucleic acid base N6-(N-alanylcarbonyl) adenine, ac6Ade, have been investigated using the quantum chemical PCILO (perturbative configuration interaction using localized orbitals) method. The multidimensional conformational space has been searched using selected grid points formed by combining the various torsion angles that take favored values derived from energy variation with respect to each torsion angle individually.The preferred molecular structure is stabilized by an intramolecular hydrogen bond from N(11)H of the amino acid to N(1) of the adenine. The observed crystal structure conformations for the naturally occurring, anticodon adjacent, threonyl analogs, tc6Ade, correspond to the predicted most stable conformation for the model modified base ac6Ade. Three stable, low energy conformations differing in the orientations of the carboxyl group and the amino acid side chain are predicted within 1 kcal/mol of the most stable structure. The possible bifurcated hydrogen bonding of N(11)H with N(1) and either of the carboxyl oxygens is of minor significance.The indicated orientational flexibility for the carboxyl group and the amino acid side chain may enable convenient probing of the molecular environment, in the vicinity of the anticodon in tRNA, by the amino acid substituent, with only modest changes in energy stabilization.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 89-90 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 107-119 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: By using the n + (1/2)l filling rule of the atomic Aufbau principle, where n is the principal quantum number and l is the azimuthal quantum number, a new periodic table is presented, its periods having, in order, 8, 18, 18, 32, 42, 50, … elements. The mentioned rule is proposed instead of the n + l rule (or Madelung's rule) which constitutes the quantum mechanical basis of the current periodic table and predicts periods having, in order, 2, 8, 8, 18, 18, 32, 32, 50, … elements. The new periodic table is called “regular” because its groups are formed according to a single rule (namely, the first elements of each period are placed in the same order as the elements of the preceding period), in contrast with the current periodic table, where no simple rule can be applied for the same purpose. The most characteristic feature of the regular periodic table is the fact that its groups are also related in a periodic manner.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 185-190 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A rigorous approach to the study of the quality of theoretical descriptions of atoms and molecules is proposed. Theoretical descriptions, i.e., collections of atomic or molecular properties obtained via quantum chemical methods, are associated with information quantities defined with respect to reference theoretical or experimental data. In this way the comparison of two theoretical descriptions is reduced to the comparison of the respective information quantities. An increase in information is interpreted as improvement of the theoretical description. The aforementioned approach should be useful in problems related to classifications and systematic improvements of approximate wave functions and consequently for comparing the performance of quantum chemical methods in calculations of atomic and molecular properties. This approach should also constitute a powerful tool for the construction of suitable basis sets for use in calculations of atomic and molecular properties.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 195-197 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 33 (1988), S. 497-527 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A Fifth-order constant denominator perturbation treatment of all single and double excitations occuring in the third-order perturbation wave function is presented for the perturbation configuration interaction using localized orbitals (PCILO) method. Contributions from triple and quadruple excitations which decay back to singles and doubles at third order are automatically included in this theory. This method is computationally very fast, with an execution speed proportional to N3, Where N is the number of orbitals present. A [2,1] Padé approximate involving only singles and doubles contributions through to fifth order is shown to be remarkably accurate.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 33 (1988), S. 563-566 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Owing to an error in his determination of the repulsion integral and the kinetic energy. Hall's results [1] for the ground state of atomic two-electron systems are wrong. Here these results have been corrected. For Z ≤ 5, the results have been obtained by determining the pertinent integrals numerically: but for Z ≥ 5, these can be found sufficiently accurately from Z expansions.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 33 (1988), S. 567-576 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In a dissociation attachment experiment of water, three peaks were observed at 7,9, and 12 eV. The origin of the third peak has been believed to be 2B2. However, the calculated energy of this state is 0.6 eV higher than the experimental value. This discrepancy is quite large compared with the case of the lower two peaks. In this study we propose new candidates for resonant states responsible for the third peak. The configurations considered are (3a1)-1(3pa1)2, (3a1)-1(3pb1)2, (3a1)-1(3pb2)2, (3a1)-1(3pa1)1(3pb1)1, (3a1)-1(3pb2)1(3pa1)1, and (3a1)-1(3pb2)1(3pb1)1 which have the parent state (3a1)-1(3pa1)1, (3a1)-1(3pb1)1, or (3a1)-1(3pb2)1. The energy levels arising from these configurations are calculated by a method of configuration interaction. A Few resonance states, which could be responsible for the third peak, are found. New decay process of these states are proposed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 9-14 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: By means of the SPG function which is associated with an extreme point of the set of N-representable second-order reduced density matrices, an attempt is made to perform the calculations of the ground states of some atoms with four electrons such as Be. The results show that the SPG function is as suitable as the well-known AGP function for approximating the ground states of atoms and molecules.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 15-23 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In this paper, an SPG function, which is associated with an extreme point of the set of N-representable second-order reduced density matrices, is used to perform the calculation of the ground state energy of LiH with the variation of internuclear separation. The result of our calculation essentially is in accordance with that of AGP function.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 1-8 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new MO-LCAO description of the nephelauxetic effect is proposed based on the concept of the topological atom and on the method of reduced density matrices. This approach allows one to overcome some conceptual difficulties of ligand-field theory and to derive effective parameters of d-d electron repulsion of a bound transition-metal in a proper way. The two ligand-field mechanisms of the nephelauxetic effect - the central field covalency and the symmetry-restricted covalency - are clarified and generalized. In addition, a new factor, important for the nephelauxetic effect is found: its size-dependence on the region of the topological atom.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 47-71 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A Hartree-Fock (HF) self-consistent field (SCF) crystal orbital (CO) formalism for two- and three-dimensional (2D/3D) solids on the basis of semiempirical CNDO/INDO (complete neglect of differential overlap; intermediate neglect of differential overlap) Hamiltonians is presented. The employed SCF variants allow for the treatment of atomic species up to bromine under the inclusion of the first (i.e., 3d) transition metal series. Band structure investigations of 2D and 3D materials containing more than 30 atoms per unit cell are feasible by the present SCF HF CO formalism. The theoretical background of the computational scheme is given in this contribution. Special emphasis is placed on physically reliable truncation criteria for the lattice sums, the adaptation of the crystal symmetry in k space, as well as the suitable choice of domains in Brillouin zone (BZ) integrations required in the determination of charge-density matrices. The capability and limitations of the semiempirical SCF HF CO approach is demonstrated for some simpler solids by comparing the present computational results with those of ab initio CO schemes as well as conventional numerical methods in soid-state theory. The employed model solids are graphite and BN (2D and 3D networks for both solids) as well as diamond, silicon, germanium, and TiS2.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 1-22 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Quantum mechanical models to treat long distance electron transfer are being developed. The model is based on the theory of R.A. Marcus. Our contribution is in the calculation of the electron coupling factor k. Estimations of the latter number, as well as the bond and solvent relaxation energies, λi and λo, respectively, are necessary to be able to calculate the rate constant for a reaction of the conductivity in an electric field. k may be approximately calculated from orbital energy differences at avoided crossings between orbitals localized in different parts of the system. A novel spectroscopic NDO method is suggested in which one may include any atom of the periodic table. Another problem discussed is the inclusion of electronic relaxation effects of the solvent or protein in the calculation. Applications are made to systems where metal ions are connected by organic bridges of different kinds such as dipyridine with coplanar and perpendicular pyridyl groups. As expected the electronic factor depends strongly on the conformation of the bridge. A strong conformational dependence is also obtained for a saturated bridge of the type NH2 · (CH2)n · NH2. In another study we use an α helix as a bridge between two metal ions. If one glycine in this α-helix is substituted by phenylalanine the electronic factor increases by factors of 1.5-10. It is suggested, however, that larger enhancement factors are possible if an aromatic group is positioned in a favorable way. The CNDO/S method is used to study the charge separation process in a bichromophoric molecule and in the reaction center (RC) of Rhodopseudomonas viridis. In those cases where the electronic coupling is large enough for the charge transfer states to be seen in the spectrum, the calculated results agree well with the experimental ones, but suggest a novel assignment. The CNDO/S results verify that electron transfer is possible through saturated spacers. In the special pair of RC the S1 state is calculated at approximately the correct position. Like the ground state, it has a delocalized character.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 67-84 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A class of thromboxane antagonists exists where the prostaglandin side chain containing the C16 hydroxyl moiety is replaced by a phenyl ring, and the bridged six-membered pyranose moiety by cyclohexane, pyranose and dioxane ring systems. Analysis of antagonist potency data in terms of a binding constant model previously used for membrane bound receptor-drug interactions shows that the major patterns of antagonist potency are governed as much by axial/equatorial conformer preference of the phenyl moiety and its orientation as by electrostatic effects of the aliphatic ring oxygen atoms. The conformational restriction of the two substituted side chains of the σ-bonded 6-membered ring is shown to be a primary requirement for binding to thromboxane receptors, and a quantitative separation of electrostatic and conformational components in the potency data is attempted.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 119-135 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ab initio calculations have been performed to investigate hydrogen bonding and ion-molecule association in complexes of H2O with the neutral, protonated, and Li+ complexes of N-formylformaldehyde and N-formylformamidine. In the complexes with the neutral bases, H2O assumes an in-plane bridging position in the amide and amidine regions. The most stable complex is the bridging N-formylformamidine-H2O complex in the amidine region, which has an MP2/6-31 + G(d,p) binding energy of -9 kcal/mol. Hydrogen bonded complexes of H2O with the oxygen-protonated bases have open structures with the protonated bases as proton donors, and binding energies ranging from -16 to -24 kcal/mol. Nitrogen protonation of N-formylformamidine leads to an equilibrium chelated hydrogen bonded structure with a stabilization energy of -21 kcal/mol. When Li+ associates with these bases at a carbonyl oxygen, hydrogen-bonded bridging structures with H2O reappear, and wobble complexes exist in the amide and amidine regions of N-formylformaldehyde and N-formylformamidine. These complexes have binding energies of -13 to -14 kcal/mol. However, the most stable comples has H2O directly bonded to Li+, with an MP2 binding energy of -30 kcal/mol. No hydrogen bonded structures of H2O with N-formylformamidine exist in the amide region when Li+ associates with this base at the C=N group. Hydrogen bond energies computed at the single-determinant Hartree-Fock level with the 6-31G(d) basis set approximate correlated MP2/6-31 + G(d, p) energies to within 1 kcal/mol for all of the neutral and charged complexes. However, when H2O is bonded to Li+, HF6-31G(d) association energies overestimate MP2/6-31 + G(d, p) energies by 3 kcal/mol.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 1-13 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Whereas localization of orbitals has long been a tool for a semiclassical interpretation of chemical properties, it is in fact electron delocalization that is a fundamental property of quantum mechanical molecules. A mathematically well-defined measure is suggested for the degree of delocalization of molecular orbitals. It is shown that an orbital set of maximum delocalization exists for which the degree of delocalization depends on the charge distribution of the molecule. Hartree-Fock canonical orbitals are definitely more localized than the most uniformaly distributed MO's giving an equivalent description of the molecule. The changes in the geometrical shape of molecular orbitals are studied passing (quasi-) continuously from the strongly localized description towards the most delocalized picture. In the case of charge-inhomogeneities even the most delocalized orbitals remain rather compact. The degree of maximum delocalization may be correlated with chemical properties such as reactivity. The shape distortion of MO's under the perturbing effect of other ions and small molecules is investigated in several examples.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 43-49 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The density matrix was computed from the density using basis orbitals which form linearly independent products (LIP). Calculations were performed on the Be atom using LIP bases containing several of the natural spin orbitals from an accurate nonrelativistic 650-term configuration interaction (CI) wavefunction. Calculations were also performed using a basis set of 6 s-type orbitals optimized so that the lowest eigenvalue, d1, of the overlap matrix of products is maximized and the energy of a small CI wavefunction is minimized. The value of d1 in the optimized basis is 1 × 10-7. The density and the potential energy obtained from the 650-term CI wavefunction were accurately reproduced by the density matrix expressed in the optimized LIP basis, but the kinetic energy was somewhat less accurate.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 77-84 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The need to perform a numerical integration of the exchange-correlation functional because of its non-analyticity severely complicates the accurate application of local-density functional methods to molecules and clusters. The optimal choice of grid points for this integration and the estimation of the error made by the choice are subtle considerations. In particular, because the position and/or weighting of each grid point must change when the nuclear positions change, these errors are most noticeable when different geometries are compared. We have determined a method of grid point selection and weighting that reduces these errors. We have also determined a simple method of estimating the extent of the error made in the particular density of points used for the grid. These results are illustrated for a selection of small molecules.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 143-147 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: All bicyclo[p.q.0] conjugated hydrocarbons are found to fall into ten homolog classes each characterized by the numbers of nonbonding, bonding, and antibonding molecular-orbitals of its first prototype and by the prototype itself. The energy level patterns are obtained by the new “structural covariance” pictorial rules directly from structural formulas. The HOMO-LUMO types, aromaticity or three types of nonaromatic behavior, and reactivities towards nucleophiles or electrophiles thereby also result.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 173-181 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Results are presented from Hartree-Fock-Slater (HFS) calculations on harmonic frequencies and force constants of H2O, H2S, NH3, PH3, CH4, SiH4, and C2H4. Both frequencies and force constants were calculated by a numerical (finite difference) differentiation of analytical energy gradients. It is shown by a comparison with experimental data and results from ab initio Hartree-Fock (HF) calculations that the HFS-method provides harmonic frequencies and force constants in at least as good agreement with experiment as the HF-scheme.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 22
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The COLUMBUS program system is a collection of Fortran programs for performing general multireference single- and double-excitation configuration interaction (MRSDCI) wave function optimization based on the graphical unitary group approach. The program system also includes integral generation, SCF and MCSCF orbital optimization, integral transformation, and wave function analysis programs. The original program system was written in 1980 to 1981. Since that time, it has evolved into one of the most popular MRSDCI program systems used in the computational chemistry community. The discussion of this evolution will include the exploitation of efficient matrix-matrix and matrix-vector product computational kernels, the use of generally contracted symmetry-adapted orbital basis sets, general Hamiltonian diagonalization procedures, energy-based internal walk selection, flexible DRT specification, improved coupling-coefficient evaluation methods, coupled-pair functional and multireference CPF capabilities, and density matrix construction. The numerous versions of the program system that are maintained at different sites and on different computers are now in the process of being merged. The source code for this combined version will be made available to the computational chemistry community. The source code for a specific computer may be generated from the source code for another computer by a single pass through a simple filter utility that is included with the program system. The directly supported computers will initially include various models of VAX, Cray, FPS, IBM, CDC, and ETA machines with the addition of other machines shortly thereafter. The ongoing developments of the COLUMBUS system that are discussed include a new method for computing analytic energy gradients for MRSDCI wave functions. This effective-density-matrix based method avoids the “coupled perturbed MCSCF” solutions for each coordinate direction, avoids the transformation of any derivative-integral quantities from the AO to the MO basis, avoids the transformation of the coupling coefficients from the MO to the AO basis, allows a subset of the MCSCF doubly occupied orbitals to be frozen in the CI wave function, and allows the MRSDCI wave function to be generated from general reference CSFs that are not necessarily related to the MCSCF expansion CSFs.
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 231-236 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The geometry of Mn5 in rare gas matrices has been proposed to be a planar pentagon with 25 unpaired electrons. Simple unrestricted Hartree-Fock (UHF) calculations have been carried out using a basis of STO-6G for 1s, 2s, and 2p orbitals with STO-4G for 3s, 3p, 3d, 4s, and 4p in the HONDO5 program. The structure is optimized at the UHF level using the analytic gradient formalism for a planar pentagon. Binding energies and spinmixing are given for the optimized structure.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 349-366 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The semiempirical Atoms-in-a-Molecule (AIM) hardness matrix, η, is defined, using the usual finite difference formula, ηii = Ii - Ai, for the diagonal AIM hardness and the Ohno formula, ηij = 1/(a2 + R2ij)1/2, for the off-diagonal AIM hardness. The Ohno formula is shown to exhibit the correct asymptotic behavior and satisfies the relevant stability criterion. The normal displacements in the AIM electron populations are examined for pyrrole and N-methyl pyrrole, and their relation to the polarization channels is briefly discussed. The new AIM hardness matrix is also tested by comparing the predicted global hardnesses with the corresponding experimental finite difference data for selected diatomics and triatomics. Finally implications of the hardness combination rules are examined and the corresponding softness combination rules are used to calculate the regional and global softnesses of selected molecules. We examine how the regional softnesses reflect known trends in selectivity of protonation of five membered heterocycles, and comment on the signs of the AIM fukui function and the Hard-Soft-Acids-and-Bases principle.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 425-430 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A Breit-Pauli type Hamiltonian with an effective positive term in substitution of the Darwin term is proposed for variational calculations. The Hamiltonian is bounded from below and does not exhibit variational collapse. Calculations on one electron atoms for the ground state, 2pl/2 and 2p3/2 states are presented. The results essentially coincide with those obtained from first order perturbation theory.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 26
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    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 297-308 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The application of molecular ab initio methods to investigate the electronic structure of localized impurities in semiconductors requires the study of the convergence of the results with increasing cluster size. Here we compare results for interstitial Ti in silicon, obtained with clusters of increasing size: TiSi10H16, TiSi30H40, and TiSi66H64. These clusters contain one, two, or three shells of silicon atoms, respectively, centered around Ti at a Td interstitial site. The hydrogen atoms serve as saturators of the dangling bonds. The Si core electrons are replaced by an effective potential. The calculations are based on open shell RHF theory and limited CI extensions. The charge distribution in the central part of the three clusters is very similar. In the clusters the partially occupied orbitals are much more delocalized than the 3d orbitals in the free ions. The total impurity-induced electronic charge, however, is quite localized, due to the compensating response of the Si closed shell density. Ionization of the impurity also causes a compensating response of the Si closed shells: only about 10% of the density difference is in the impurity region and the major part is behind the outermost shell of Si atoms. Transition metal associated (3d-like) excitation energies are not very dependent on the cluster size, and the relative ordering of the lowest lying states remains unchanged. Impurity associated ionization energies decrease considerably due to the extra relaxation offered by the additional shells of Si atoms. Our results indicate that a reliable description of interstitial transition metals in silicon can be provided by calculations on reasonably small clusters: Si30H40 is sufficiently large.
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  • 27
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 343-347 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The titled isomerization has been studied at the HF/3-21G level. The changes in thermodynamic functions, equilibrium constant K(T), conversion efficiency C(T), and the rate constant k(T) for the isomerization have been calculated using our energies of the reactant (R), transition state (TS), and product (P), their harmonic vibrational frequencies, and the classical and corrected barrier (by vibrational zero-point energies). In the range of temperature, 300-1200K, ΔH 〈 0, ΔS 〉 0 and ΔG 〈 0; i.e., it is exothermic, increasing in the entropy, and spontaneous reaction. ΔS≠ 〈 0, log A is about 12.0 ±0.15 (s-1), but the k(T) is from 2.627 × 10(-33) to 6.933 × 10(8) (5-1); i.e., it passes through a tight TS, the A factor changes little, but the rate constant varies rapidly with the temperature. These results agree with the fact that the isomerization occurs readily at high temperature. Furthermore, Newman's mechanism, 2SiH2 → (H2SiSiH2)* → (HSiSiH3)* → Si2H2 + H2, is supported. Similarly, the isomerization, HDSiSiH2 → HSiSiDH2, is also studied.
    Additional Material: 7 Tab.
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  • 28
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 437-444 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A generalization of the Fourier convolution theorem is used to iterate the many-particle Schrödinger equation in momentum space. The method is applied using hyperspherical coordinates, with many-dimensional hydrogenlike wave functions as the starting point for iteration. The problem of angular integration is converted into a problem of differentiation by means of the theory of harmonic polynomials.
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  • 29
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 465-476 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A complete active space MCSCF (multi-configuration self-consistent field) scheme (CASSCF) using relativistic effective potentials followed by configuration interaction and relativistic CI calculations provides a very good description of the electronic states and potential energy surfaces of transition metal dihydrides. Such calculations are of considerable value not only in our understanding of the transition metal-hydrogen bonding but also in the prediction of the barrier to insert the metal atom into the H2 bond. All-electron CASSCF/CI calculations are carried out on twelve electronic states of CoH2. Comparable RECP-CASSCF/CI calculations are also carried out to show that the RECP-CASSCF/CI calculations provide an accurate method for the investigation of transition metal compounds. The general method of RECP-CASSCF/CI calculations for molecules containing heavy atoms is described. The calculations on CoH2 are compared with similar calculations on ScH2, YH2, PtH2, and PdH2. A critical comparison of all these transition metal hydrides reveals that in general the low-spin excited metal atom inserts into H2 spontaneously while the high spin ground state atom has to surmount a large barrier.
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  • 30
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 503-505 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Two mapping operators are used to relate the eigenstates of two distorted and displaced oscillators. It is found that these operators satisfy a nonabelian two-dimensional algebra. We exemplify the method by calculating the Franck-Condon integral for the case of two harmonic oscillator wells.
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  • 31
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 557-566 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The problems involved in determining the mechanisms of reactions by quantum mechanical calculations are discussed. Various precautions must be taken if the results of any calculation are to be chemically meaningful. Ab initio studies of reactions must also be carried out at a high level, using large basis sets and allowing for electron correlation. Such calculations are usually restricted to the simplest example of a reaction, which is often untypical. More information can usually be obtained at far less cost through AM1 calculations for a number of examples of a reaction for which experimental data are available. These points are illustrated by recent studies of the Cope rearrangement.
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  • 32
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 537-548 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The aim of this article is to illustrate the use of symbolic computation in solving some problems in quantum theory. Emphasis will be given to the possibility of manipulating expressions symbolically and to the interface of numerical and algebraic languages. The illustrate the use of the scientific computation language Maple as a research tool, we present our work on lower energy bounds for anharmonic oscillators and on the spherical Zeeman effect. Another example consists in the perturbation calculations of the N-dimensional hydrogen atom, keeping the quantum labels in general form. Further, we describe the interface of Maple, Fortran, and the typesetting language, Troff. The basic feature is illustrated on the application of the inner projection technique and of the method of intermediate Hamiltonians on the benzene molecule as well as on the geminal approach to the butadiene molecule; the main calculations were first done in Maple and then transferred into Fortran's notation so that Fortran subroutines could be used. Finally, the results either in Maple or in Fortran can be transferred to a Troff file.
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  • 33
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 567-573 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The potential energy curve describing the fragmentation of a diatomic dication AB2+ is considered as arising from an avoided crossing between an attractive diabatic curve (correlating with A2+ + B) and a repulsive diabatic curve (correlating with A+ + B+). The simplest avoided-crossing (AC) model neglects diabatic coupling and polarization and leads to useful predictions of the transition structure bond length (rTS) and the kinetic energy released (T) in fragmentations of dicationic systems in which the difference (Δ1) between the ionization energies of A+ and B is small. When Δ1 is not small, it is necessary to include diabatic coupling and polarization in the treatment. The resultant ACDCP (avoided crossing with diabatic coupling and polarization) model provides very satisfactory estimates of rTS and T for both small and large Δ1. Its implementation requires only atomic ionization energy and polarizability data and comes at virtually no computational cost. Both the AC and ACDCP models are readily generalized to fragmentations of more highly charged cations.
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  • 34
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 655-664 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effect of electron-electron repulsions is assessed, primarily in the expanded fluid alkali metals, by confronting experimental data on these systems with the predictions of theory. This is usefully divided into two types of approach: (i)full inclusion of the long-range Coulomb interaction e2/rij between electrons i and j, but perturbative treatment of electron-ion interaction and(ii)the simplified on-site interaction described by the Hubbard U.The main conclusion is that both electron-ion and electron-electron correlations are of major importance in the expanded fluid alkali metals, and especially in Cs. The momentum distribution of the conduction electrons is changed in a very important quantitative way from the predictions of the jellium model at the same density by the electron-ion interaction. This leads to a metal-insulator transition at a much higher electron density than the jellium prediction. The relevance of this conclusion to crystalline alkalis is finally referred to.
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  • 35
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 697-705 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Complete geometry optimizations have been carried out with the AM1 method on flavone acetic acid and several of its derivatives. Molecular electrostatic potential maps have been used to predict new com.
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  • 36
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 741-741 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 37
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988) 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 38
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 25-36 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Classical valence bond theory is recast in a spin-free form which provides a practicable route to ab initio calculations of molecular electronic structure. The approach is simple and direct and requires only efficient algorithms for the generation and processing of permutations and the handling of Rumer diagrams: it makes modest demands on computing power and pilot calculations have indeed been performed entirely within the fast memory of a personal computer, which should be sufficient for dealing with systems possessing up to 10 electrons outside a closed shell. Simple applications confirm the conclusion of Cooper et al. [1] that, by using strongly overlapping orbitals, a small number of classical (nonpolar) structures can give results close to those obtained in a “full CI” calculation.
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  • 39
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A set of 20 nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, whose mutagenicity has been determined in the Ames test, has been studied using octanol-water partition coefficients (P) as a measure of relative hydrophobicity and molecular orbital energies to account for variation in their electronic characteristics. A good structure-activity relationship was found using log P and ∊LUMO. The latter were taken from the results of ab initio calculations performed by Maynard, Pedersen, Posner, and McKinney [7] and were also calculated by the MNDO method. The dependence of mutagenicity on hydrophobicity was found to be similar to that observed for triazenes [2]. ∊LUMO values calculated by MNDO and STO-3G were found to be strongly correlated, and the role of hydrophobicity in correlating mutagenicity was not significantly affected by the molecular orbital model employed.
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  • 40
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 517-526 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A characterization of molecular model surfaces is proposed. It is based on a graph associated with the van der Waals surface, defined by the detailed information on the interpenetration of van der Waals spheres of the constituent atoms. This “van der Waals graph” describes the three-dimensional body of the molecule, and it does not coincide in general with the less informative bond graph obtainable from the molecular skeleton.The description in terms of the graph reveals clearly the changes in molecular shape induced by conformational rearrangements. The nuclear configurations can be classified by the graph associated with the molecular surface, and the graph-theoretical analysis provides a rigorous partitioning of the configurational space based on shape properties.
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  • 41
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 571-594 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A systematic collection of spatial domains for reciprocal space integrations is derived for all possible crystal symmetries. This set can be used as a simpler alternative to the conventional Brillouin zones. The analysis is restricted to integrations where the function in the integrand satisfies inversion symmetry in k space. In this case only 24 different spatial domains have to be defined in order to allow for k space integrations in the 230 different crystal symmetries. A graphic representation of the asymmetric unit for each of the 24 integration domains is given. Special positions and the associated weighting factors required for numerical integrations in theoretical solid-state approaches are tabulated.
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  • 42
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 221-234 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Application of free-energy simulation methods to the calculation of thermodynamic properties for biologically relevant processes will be presented. Attention will be given to the usefulness of thermodynamic methods to explore the accuracy of empirical energy functions. Calculations of aqueous hydration and binding thermodynamics for drug molecules (trimethoprim and other related compounds) to biological targets (the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase) will be presented. In these applications we will discuss differences in “binding modes” for different drugs and the ability of thermodynamic methods to predict these changes. Finally, comments will be made regarding the free energy derivative methods and coordinate-coupled free energy calculations.
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  • 43
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 267-285 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In this paper we have addressed an important problem: how to develop a strategy for identification of the topological indices which are most important in establishing a model for structure-activity analysis. In particular we consider a rational selection of graph theoretical (topological) indices in QSAR. The approach is illustrated by the study of the toxicity of ethers on mice. The indices examined include the connectivity indices based on adjacency matrix, the conceptually related graph distance indices, and an information theoretic index based on partitioning of electrons in various domains. We have outlined the similarities and differences and discuss advantages and limitations among different approaches. Our emphasis is on the problem how to select in a rational way appropriate graph-theoretical descriptors and how to introduce higher “corrections” in order to improve derived correlation.
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  • 44
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 33 (1988), S. 1-17 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Vibrational frequencies and IR band intensities for 18 isotopomers of uracil, including deuterated 15N and 18O species, have been calculated using the scaled ab initio force field of Ref. 1. The results obtained are compared with available experimental data, and a number of refinements in former assignments are proposed. The good agreement between the calculated and experimental frequencies confirms the reliability of the scaled quantum mechanical-force field.
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  • 45
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 33 (1988), S. 69-76 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Phenyl acetylene complexes with HF, H2O, and NH3 are investigated with ab initio molecular orbital calculations using the 6-31G Gaussian basis set. HF is found to form a π complex, whereas H2O and NH3 form σ complexes. Observations of experimental spectroscopic shifts are rationalized.
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  • 46
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 33 (1988), S. 169-169 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 47
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 33 (1988) 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 48
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 33 (1988) 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 49
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 33 (1988), S. 41-52 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reaction field (RF) model of solvent effects, implemented within the SCF-CNDO/2 scheme of calculation, has been applied to analyze the proton transfer in the NH3…HCOOH system in the presence of several polarizable media. The aim of such a study was to characterize the tatutomeric equilibrium between the neutral and zwiterionic forms of H-bonded amino acids in aprotic solvents. Qualitative results concerning the energetics of this equilbrium show the stabilization of two different H-bonded complexes, corresponding to two separate minima in the free energy surface. These well known double minima potentials are found to be dependent on both the intermolecular N—O distance and the strength of the reaction field. The behavior of this model is qualitatively consistent with experimental observations of nitrogen-substituted amino acids in solution: both show, for low values of the dielectric constant, tautomeric equilibria where the H-bonded complexes appear to be more stable than the corresponding monomeric forms. The charge transfer process associated with the proton migration along the H-bond is also discussed. It is found that the amount of charge transferred increases with the N—O distance and with the RF strength, In order to test the general approach and compare it with previous work, calculations on the real monomeric systems glycine, β-alanine, and γ-amino butyric acid was also performed.
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  • 50
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 33 (1988), S. 77-85 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Analytical intermolecular potentials for the Fe+-H2O and Feo-H2O systems have been determined from ab initio calculations. Interaction energies for a lot of points along the two potential energy surfaces were calculated using Huzinga's MINI-2 basis set. The results obtained were fitted to an analytical function containing 11 adjustable parameters that we have already used with success for the Fe2+-H2O system. The goodness of the generated intermolecular potentials is discussed.
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  • 51
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 33 (1988), S. 159-167 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The quasirelativistic CNDO/1 method has been in investigating the geometry, electronic structure, and redox stability of metal complexes. The systems of [Co(NH3)6]q and [MCl4]q, M being Ni, Pd, and Pt, have been studied. A modified Germer model of solvation has been implemented into the method. This yields reliable results on the redox stability of complexes in aqueous solutions. The calculated excitation energies resemble the electronic spectra of [MCl4]2- complexes.
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  • 52
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 33 (1988), S. 173-175 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The energy of an infinite, homogeneous electron gas is examined by second order perturbation theory using a Hartee-Fock rather than a noninteracting particle unperturbed state. The second order energy still diverges for small promotions k, albert than as ln|ln k| rather than as In k.
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  • 53
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 33 (1988), S. 217-245 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The ability to artificially structure new semiconductor materials on an atomic scale, using advanced crystal growth methods such as molecular beam epitaxy and metal organic chemical vapor deposition, has led recently to the observation of new physical phenomena as well as the creation of entirely new classes of devices based on band gap and wave function engineering. In these lectures an elementary introduction is given to the quantum aspects of these new structures.
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  • 54
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 33 (1988), S. 271-277 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In this note we discuss the variational forms of the energy derivatives and the method of obtaining them. We show that perturbation theory can be formulated in terms of stationary energy derivatives and that this formulation extends the idea of the Hylleraas functional to infinite order and excited states.
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  • 55
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 33 (1988), S. 301-304 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: For Z particles moving independently in an unscreened Coulomb potential energy -Ze2/r, it is known that the total energy E = -(3/2)1/3Z7/3 in nonrelativistic theory as Z→∞. The generalization of this result to d dimensions in the same asymptotice limit is obtained as \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$E(Z,d) = - \frac{{2\left({\frac{{d!}}{4}} \right)^{1 - (2/d)} }}{{(d - 1)!(d - 2)}}Z^{3 - (2/d)},$$\end{document} which includes the known result above for the three-dimensional case.
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  • 56
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 33 (1988), S. 369-369 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 57
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 33 (1988) 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 58
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 33 (1988), S. 373-394 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We examine various perturbation-variational approximations for molecular electronic energy when the fifth-order perturbational energies are available. Such theories require very little additional computation once the sequence of perturbation energies are known yet supply a bound even when the peturbation sequence is poorly convergent. We choose for computational examples results obtained very rapidly from a zeroth order wave function consisting of doubly occupied localized bonds and examine polarization within these bonds, delocalization, and bond breaking. In general, we find that the fifth-order energy itself, and especially the [2, 1] Padé approximant on this sequence, are especially accurate in estimating the total energy and more accurate than any variational scheme when the zeroth order localized wave function is a good description of the electronic structure. The variational results, however, are nearly as accurate, and a [1, 0] Padé on the sequence of variational results is remarkably robust, even in those cases where the perturbation sequence is poorly defined.We also examine several scaling techniques, or partitionings of the Hamiltonian. Although these scaling techniques do accelerate convergence of the perturbation sequence, none that we examine give better results, than the [2, 1] padé, which is independent of any scaling.
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  • 59
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 33 (1988) 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 60
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 225-229 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Generalized Padé approximants are used to extrapolate the total energy of polymers described by alternant Hamiltonians to the bulk limit. The method provides an upper bound to the energy. The origin of (quasi) periodic oscillations of the energy per unit cell as the function of the number of unit cells is enlightened through analysis of the moments of the Hamiltonian.
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  • 61
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 279-288 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The pair correlation energies for some nl4f pairs of the ground state of the Yb atom are calculated for the first time. The partial wave (PW) increments to the second-order pair energies are generated using numerical first-order radial pair functions obtained as the solution of two-dimensional differential equations. The analysis of the PWs contributions shows the dominant role of the df, fg, and gh PWs for the 4d4f pair, of the pf and dg PWs for the 4p4f and 5p4f pairs, and of the sf and pg PWs for the 4s4f, 5s4f, and 6s4f pairs. A discussion of the similarities and differences of the structure of the correlation energy found in this paper with those calculated earlier for smaller atoms is given.
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  • 62
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 307-307 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 63
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988) 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 64
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 333-359 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: It is well known that positive and negative ions derived from the same alternant hydrocarbon have almost indistinguishable electron spectra. Effective charges, bond orders, and many other properties also correlate between the two systems. These «alternancy» properties are due to the particle-hole symmetry, and they can be generalized far beyond alternant hydrocarbons. In general, with each quantum system one can associate a «complementary» system. The eigenstates of the complementary system are related to the eigenstates of the original system in the same way as the anionic eigenstates of an alternant hydrocarbon are related to the cationic eigenstates of this hydrocarbon. In particular, the (N + k)-electron spectrum of the complementary system is the same, up to the uniform shift, as the (N - k)-electron spectrum of the original system; the effective charges in the complementary system are opposite to the corresponding effetive charges in the original system; bond orders in the two systems between vertices of the same and of the opposite parity are, respectively, opposite and the same, etc. Each particle-hole symmetry operator associates with the original system one such complementary system. There is hence a large number of the systems complementary to the same original system. In the PPP model and in various generalizations of this model, systems complementary to conjugated hydrocarbons are Möbius-type alterations of original hydrocarbons. In the case of conjugated heterocompounds, there is a formal replacement of all heteroatoms with some other heteroatoms, with or without an additional Möbius-type change. Such complementary systems may correspond to entirely different molecules, and they also may describe some transition states of these molecules.
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  • 65
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988) 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 66
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 423-435 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new semiempirical all-valence method, GRINDOL (Ghost and Rydberg INDO), based on the INDO approximation, is described. Linderberg-Seamans relation (extended to the d and Rydberg orbitals) for the resonance integrals and a new semitheoretical expression for the core-core repulsion term and energy correction including basis-set superposition error (intermolecular as well as intramolecular) has been applied. The proposed method enables calculation of ground and excited state properties. The ground state results (including intermolecular interactions) as well as the spectral properties are in reasonable agreement with relevant experimental (or ab initio) studies for isolated molecules, molecular complexes, and transition metal compounds. The method contains only one adjustable parameter, all two-center integrals and terms are only basis-set dependent. The one-center integrals are evaluated from the respective atomic terms.
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  • 67
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 471-481 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The optical activity of oligopeptides in the conformation of the right-handed α-helix was calculated by the direct semiempirical quantum chemical CNDO/OPTIC method. The oligomers of glycine and alanine from dimer up to pentamer were considered. The comparison with results obtained using the model of interacting groups (MIG) based on the perturbation approach was carried out. The calculational results show that the circular dichroism (CD) of oligopeptide α-helices is essentially different from the CD of the peptide polymers in the same conformation. The comparison between results obtained by the CNDO/OPTIC method and by the MIG leads to doubts about the reliability of the use of the MIG to calculate rotatory strengths of nπ* transitions of oligopeptides in α-helix conformation.
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  • 68
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 489-503 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Here is presented a method to determine the consistent ground state (CGS) which satisfies the so-called killer condition for the excitation operator. This method may be called an extended application of the procedure employed by Weiner and Goscinski in deriving the random phase approximation (RPA) vacuum.The RPA vacuum is derived by solving the recurrence formula of the configuration coefficients of a multiconfigurational state vector. The role of boson approximation to the primitive p-h excitation operator is also investigated and by using the present formalism the cluster-expansion-type CGS is derived as the RPA vacuum under the boson approximation.Inclusion of the effects of a higher RPA in the CGS leads to the simultaneous equations of the configuration coefficients of the CGS. In including the effect of the second RPA, only the symmetry-broken CGS can exist. When the third RPA effect is involved instead of the second RPA, there can be a symmetry-adapted CGS, in which the picture of electron pairs acquired in the standard RPA vacuum is modified. Thus the exact CGS vectors are analytically obtained in the case of simple model systems of two or four electrons.
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  • 69
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 559-569 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: On the basis of an analytical potential energy surface for the electronic ground state of the Na+ + H2 system reported recently, extensive trajectory calculations have been performed to study the collision dynamics of vibrationally inelastic processes at total energies up to ∼3 eV. Special attention is given to the relative efficiacy of translational and rotational energy, respectively, in promoting vibrational energy transfer. Vibrational transitions are found to be substantially enhanced by initial molecular rotation. Furthermore, the applicability of simple models is discussed.
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  • 70
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 231-245 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In this work, an algebraic method is developed to determine the eigenlevels of radially screened Coulomb potential systems. The method is mainly based on the concept of space pruning. The basis functions are combined in a way such that the resulting approximate eigenfunction and its several images under certain positive integer powers of the system's Hamiltonian (H) remain in the domain of H. Certain structural parameters are introduced into the basis functions to imitate some known behaviors of the true eigenfunctions of the system.The main purpose of this work is not to reproduce the results for screened Coulomb potential systems but to develop a method which does not necessitate integration at any stage and can later be adapted to atomic and molecular systems as easily as possible.
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  • 71
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 267-277 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Two different versions, relativistic and nonrelativistic, of the “shape-consistent” effective potential (EP) formalism are analyzed in ab initio calculations for transition metals. The influence of alternative core/valence partitions on the reliability of the procedure is discussed. The accuracy of EP results for transition metals is shown to depend on adequate choices of the valence subspace and proper inclusion of relativistic effects.
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  • 72
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Molecular descriptors currently used in structure-property-activity studies are based on molecular graphs rather than on a structure as a three-dimensional object. Here we suggest a way to amend graph-theoretic invariants with additional geometric information, thereby providing new molecular descriptors for possible use in quantitative structure-activity correlations. In the approach we assume molecular structures embedded on a regular grid. As an illustration we consider first chains of different length embedded on graphite-like lattice. Subsequently, we consider all possible conformations of hexatriene. Although the cases considered here relate to graphite-like lattice, the approach is general and applies to embedings of molecules on three-dimensional lattices, or, in general, to molecules of arbitrary spatial conformations.
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  • 73
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 33-54 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Nuclear configuration and molecular shape are two different concepts. The former refers to the geometry of the nuclear framework, whereas the shape of a molecule is better represented by a molecular envelope surface enclosing the nuclei. Nevertheless, there exist relationships between the molecular shape and the conformational arrangements of the nuclei. For certain changes in the nuclear geometry, the shape of a molecular surface does not change significantly, whereas for some others it may undergo essential topological changes. The characterization and interrelations of these changes provide a rigorous classification of reaction paths and conformational rearrangements for flexible molecules in terms of shape features. In this article we use a recently introduced topological tool to study molecular shape and molecular conformations: the “shape groups” (symmetry-independent homology groups) of a molecule. Van der Waals surfaces are considered as illustrative examples of molecular surfaces. We study the changes in the shape of van der Waals surfaces of hydroquinone, resorcinol, and catechol for a number of two-dimensional conformational problems, where the nonrigid conformational paths have been calculated at the STO-3G ab initio Hartree-Fock level.
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  • 74
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 95-101 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Residues 23-26 (Gly-, Phe-, Phe-, Tyr) of the B-chain of insulin constitute a critical area of the receptor-binding region of the molecule. Three chemically distinct mutant insulins have recently been identified in patients with NIDDM, each involving substitution of either B24 of B25 phenylalanine. Two of the mutations have been unambiguously characterized: a B25 phenylalanine-to-leucine substitution [B25(Phe → Leu)], and the other, a B24 phenylalanine-to-serine [B24 (Phe → Ser)]. We have calculated the preferred conformations of normal and mutant insulins using a global optimization method developed by us earlier. The mutant insulins exhibit significant alterations in conformation and in the average distances between amino acid side-chains as compared to normal insulin. Therefore, the decreased binding affinity of mutant insulin could be either due to an alteration in the nature of the substituted residue (hydrophilic in place of hydrophobic) or to the alteration in one or more critical side-chain distances in the case of a hydrophobic to hydrophobic substitution.
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  • 75
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 149-165 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Using molecular orbital methods, we propose various models of interactions between GABA or analogs (TACA, muscimol, isomuscimol) and an hypothetical receptor molecular fragment, a methylguanidinium ion. The respective geometries of the GABA-, TACA-, muscimol-, and isomuscimol-methylguanidinium ion complexes are optimized using the semi-empirical MNDO method. Stabilization energies of the complexes obtained by substraction of the heats of formation of the optimized complexes from those of the optimized isolated molecules differentiate the behavior of the anionic heads between the agonist and antagonist compounds. Affinity and stabilization are confirmed by computing ab initio STO-3G ionization potentials and interaction energies taking into account counterpoise corrections. Results show a decrease of the interaction energy from GABA and TACA (-54.9 and -49.4 kcal/mol) to isomuscimol (-35.6 kcal/mol), via muscimol (-46.0 kcal/mol). The low interaction energy of the 5-isoxazolols as isomuscimol compared to the 3-isoxazolols, as muscimol, may explain their antagonist character.
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  • 76
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 209-220 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The chain-buildup method is presented for sampling the low energy conformations of polypeptides and enzyme-substrate complexes. This method circumvents the multiple minimum problem. It is shown that the method can compute structures in agreement with experiment.
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  • 77
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. vii 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 78
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 55-66 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: β-Endorphins are 31 amino acid endogenous opioid peptides with high receptor affinity and antinociceptive activity. Because of their importance as neurohormones and the significant experimental effort that has been made to understand their structure activity profiles, we have begun to develop procedures that could be useful first to identify low-energy conformers of β-endorphins and ultimately their bioactive form. In the initial studies reported here, we have identified plausible initial structures of the full peptide by calculating and comparing the conformational preference of all possible extended tetrapeptide fragments of β-endorphin starting from each of the first 28 residues. Comparisons of fragment energies suggested two types of compact folded β-endorphin conformers were plausible: a helix-turn-helix and an antiparallel β-sheet conformer. These structures, as well as an extended α-helical and β-strand conformer, were assembled and total geometry optimization performed using the empirical-energy-based program AMBER. The results yield an α-helical structure as the lowest energy form consistent with recently reported NMR studies of β-endorphin. The two more compact folded structures obtained, however, are reasonable starting conformations for further planned molecular dynamics simulation studies and could yield competing low-energy structures as candidates for the bioactive form of these peptides.
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  • 79
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 103-118 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A formalism for a computational treatment of the polarization of a solvent and polar solutes immersed in it is presented. The solvent is modeled as a continuum dielectric. Polarization effects are represented by a polarization charge density at the dielectric boundaries and by induced dipoles at the polarizable atoms. Applications of this formalism with nonpolarizable atoms have led to excellent agreement between the calculated and experimental hydration enthalpies of a variety of polar molecules. A problem of the choice of the charge distribution of the solute is addressed in calculations of the solution dipole moment and hydration enthalpy of polarizable molecule of water in solution. Experimental values of these properties were well reproduced in calculations starting with point charges fitted to the vacuum dipole moment of the water molecule. Tests calculations for spherical models and for a 13-residue peptide show good convergence of the computational method. It is shown in calculations on simplified models that a change in the exposure of a charged side chain can lead to large changes in the potential inside protein measured at a fixed distance from the charge and at the same depth from the protein surface. Calculations performed for the C-peptide of the ribonuclease suggest that the differential screening of partial charges can reverse the sign of the vacuum potential of the helix dipole.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 167-178 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We present models for the interaction of glucocorticoids: dexamethasone (DEX), dexamethasone-21-mesylate (DEXM) and deacylcortivazol (DAC) with the hexanucleotide sequence d(TGTTCT)2 (CORE sequence) found in the long terminal repeat of MMTV. These models are obtained by computer-aided geometry simulation with energy minimization technique, making use of the empirical potential energy functions. We have considered both intercalative and nonintercalative binding. Differences in the glucocorticoid activity of these steroids are explained on the basis of stereochemical and energetic differences. A model is proposed for interaction of the steroid-receptor complex with the hormone-responsive element (HRE).
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  • 81
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 191-199 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Recently, one of the members of this group (Fritz) has observed some unusual properties of rouleaugenic polymer solutions. It was found that the diffusion coefficient of polystyrene spheres in these solutions displayed an expected fall followed by an unexpected rise in values when the radii of these particles are changed. In this paper we present some of these experiments and provide a thermodynamic interpretation of the rise in the values of the diffusion coefficient.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 235-245 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Data and analyses are presented on the first synthetic polypeptide system to exhibit mechanochemical coupling; the mechanochemical coupling can also be demonstrated to be both polymer-based and solvent-based with respect to where the result of the change in the chemical potential is focused. Both polymer-based and solvent-based processes are the result of chemomechanical transduction in which the change in chemical potential results in a change in the temperature at which an inverse temperature transition occurs. In the polymer-based process, the contraction/relaxation occurs due to a change in the chemical nature of the polypeptide; in the solvent-based process there is no change in the chemical nature of the polypeptide on contraction or relaxation, but rather the change in chemical potential changes the state of hydration of the polypeptide. The new mechanochemical system provides an experimental system with which to clarify and to quantitate what may be called aqueous mediated apolar-polar interaction energies in polypeptides and proteins with hydrophobic groups that may be variously exposed to the aqueous solution or buried within the folded polypeptide or protein. Furthermore, it is noted that any conformational change exhibited by a polypeptide or protein that is the result of a binding of a chemical moiety, the change in chemical nature of a bound moiety or the change in chemical potential of the medium can be viewed in terms of mechanochemical coupling or chemomechanical transduction.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 21-24 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A theoretical prediction of the absorption coefficients of shallow donor pairs in uncompensated doped semiconductors has been performed within the framework of the Alternant Molecular Orbital method. The interaction between the lattice and the electronic excitation is well understood in terms of the Frank-Condon model. Calculations for the value of the electron-LO phonon interaction parameter S have been extended to include the donor pair excitation. The model has been applied for Si:P and Ge:P.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 59-69 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Correlation energies are divided into two parts. One contribution is given by a configuration interaction calculation in the space of the natural orbitals with occupation numbers larger than an arbitrary threshold v. The remaining part is obtained from a v-dependent functional of the electronic density. Representative examples (for which the existing spin-density functionals fail) are (1) the correlation energies in the He and Be series and (2) the contribution of the correlation energy to the dissociation energy of the first-row dimers. It is shown that even for large values of v the errors remain on the order of 0.01 hartree.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 99-116 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The induction of electronic motion by nuclear motion is described for the particular case of the absorption of infrared radiation by chiral molecular systems. The description is in terms of an effective vector potential, which is obtained by averaging over the electronic coordinates. This effective vector potential can be visualized in a number of ways. Nine of these are tabulated and discussed. Strong evidence is presented that the interaction of rings with radiation can be treated in the same way as the interaction with chains. Evidence is also obtained that the bulk of the induced electronic motion can be determined semiclassically.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 127-141 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Using a graph theoretical approach we have analyzed the aromatic stability of macrocylic systems having ten and fewer fused benzene rings. The approach requires construction and examination of Kekule valence structures of the macrocyclic systems considered. The Kekule valence structures for a molecule were systematically derived and the conjugated circuits in the individual Kekule formulas were enumerated subsequently. The counting results is the expression for molecular resonance energy, from which relative aromatic stabilities can be established. We report also on molecular local features, including ring benzene characters and Pauling bond orders.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 87
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    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 183-198 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A general technique will be outlined which provides a systematic means for fitting polyatomic potential energy surfaces. Use is made of both ab initio energy and gradient data to fit the surface about an N-dimensional reference curve connecting stationary points. The reference curve may be modified iteratively during the course of the fitting. A particular iteration will specify a new set of points which need to be calculated to improve the accuracy of the surface. An application of this method to a model potential energy surface is discussed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 88
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 199-205 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Many-body perturbation theory, configuration interaction, and coupled-cluster methods are used with different basis sets to analyze the role of correlation and basis set size effects on the calculated electron affinity of HC2. Utilizing an extended basis set consisting of 83 contracted Gaussian-type orbitals, a CCD calculation gives the value of 3.21 eV for the adiabatic electron affinity of HC2 in excellent agreement with a previous theoretical result of 3.18 eV obtained by eighth-order perturbation theory and in good agreement with the experimental result of 2.94 ±0.10 eV Partial inclusion of single excitations, up to the fourth-order level [CCD + S-MBPT(4)] improves the above theoretical result of 3.21 eV to 3.15 eV. The stability of the results with respect to further increase of the basis set size and the amount of correlation corrections is briefly analyzed.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 89
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    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 225-230 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The potential energy curve for the metastable 4IIg state of the He-2 anion is obtained from fully numerical Hartree-Fock (HF) calculations and is used to evaluate the spectroscopic constants. The resonant 4Σ+g state of He-2 and the excited a3Σ+u state of He2 are also investigated. The 〈R2〉 expectation value calculated for numerical orbitals indicates a diffuse character of the anion wave functions.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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  • 90
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 265-274 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Since it became possible to study experimentally the evolution of a metal and the transition from atomic and molecular to surface and bulk properties, the study of clusters, especially metal clusters due to their role in heterogeneous catalysis, represents a highly active research area. On the other hand, clusters serve also as very useful models in solid state physics to investigate impurity, surface, and interface problems. Both cluster aspects will be discussed in addition to the role of cluster calculations in aperiodic polymer and band structure computations. We also report results of Li-cluster studies. Correlation effects, calculated with the coupled cluster method, are discussed in connection with the onset of Pierls' distortion in Li-rings. Finally, it is demonstrated how the cluster model is used to investigate polymer-metal surface interactions and how these interactions influence and change the polymer conformation.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 91
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    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 329-335 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: It is shown by using the Z-1 perturbation expansion in the limit of large nuclear charge, that the leading term in the chemical potential of neutral atoms is given by the summation of two oscillatory terms that have an amplitude proportional to Z-1/3, are periodic in Z1/3, and have slightly different phases. It is further shown that for atoms in the periodic table the position of the point where the derivative of the energy with respect to the number of electrons becomes zero will have a strong influence on the phases of the oscillations but not on their amplitudes.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 92
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 367-375 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Bacteriorhodopsin, bR, the other photosynthetic system in nature (besides chlorophyll) absorbs light and undergoes a cycle involving intermediates appearing in different time domains (from fractions of picoseconds to several milliseconds). As a result, the protonated Schiff base (PSB) deprotonates, and protons are pumped from inside to the outside of the cell membrane, creating proton gradients that are energetically responsible for making ATP. Using time-resolved Raman and optical spectroscopic experiments, the following results and possible conclusions are obtained. (1) Unlike chlorophyll, bR does not use an antenna system, i.e., each absorbing molecule is a reaction center. (2) Isomerization of its retinal chromophore, which leads to the first step in energy storage by charge separation, occurs on the subpicosecond time scale. (3) The deprotonation of the PSB and a tyrosine, which occur on the 40 μs time scale, is found to have activation energies comparable to H-bond energies. This, together with the fact that the temporal quenching of the tryptophan fluorescence follows the time profile of the deprotonation strongly suggests that the latter process is controlled by protein conformation changes. (4) Cations are found to be required for the deprotonation process and are believed to control the protein conformation required for this process. Possible mechanisms responsible for the decrease in the pKa of the PSB from 13.3 to 〈2.6 during the photocycle, and are thus responsible for the deprotonation process, are discussed.
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  • 93
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    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 383-405 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The multireference many-body perturbation theory (MBPT) method is presented pedagogically. The distinctions between complete and incomplete model spaces are discussed. All second- and third-order diagrams for the diagonal and off-diagonal elements of the effective Hamiltonian matrix are presented in a compact form for complete and incomplete model spaces, including a new treatment of the renormalization diagrams. Illustrative numerical results are presented for the excitation energies of C2H4 using an incomplete single excitation model space, and for a study of FH potential energy surfaces with several different sizes of reference space.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 94
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    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 457-463 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Dirac-Fock balanced Gaussian basis calculations that employ an extended nucleus model (see Ref. 11) have been performed on Be and Ne atoms by systematically enlarging the basis set. As expansion size increases, the total energy smoothly converges toward the numerical Dirac-Fock limit from above. The balanced expansion method does not introduce any of the variational instabilities that have plagued the early Dirac-Fock basis expansion calculations.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 95
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    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 481-490 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Generator Coordinate Approximation (GCA) is the general approximation scheme for molecular systems devised to improve the Adiabatic Approximation (AA). This is achieved by replacing the familiar product-type molecular wave function by a convolution product-like state. One can demonstrate via Born-Oppenheimer perturbation theory that for vibration-rotation levels near potential energy minima the GCA results are bracketted by the exact and adiabatic values, subject to the use of good quality electronic states as input (e.g., the Hellman-Feynman theorem needs to be satisfied accurately). We investigate the relevance of the GCA for energy levels near avoided crossing regions using a system modeled on the EF 1Σ+g state of hydrogen. The results of numerical experiments on this system are very encouraging (80-90%) of the nonadiabatic effects is recovered. This numerical success awaits theoretical explanation.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 96
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    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 593-600 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an inhibitory transmitter used by interneurons in the central nervous system (CNS). In aqueous solution GABA exists as a zwitterion, but in the gas phase the stable form of GABA is a nonzwitterion. Since zwitterions are difficult to transport into the CNS, details of the mechanism for the transformation between nonzwitterionic and zwitterion forms of GABA provide potentially important suggestions for enhancing transport of GABA and GABA analogues into the CNS. A mechanism for the conversion of GABA into the zwitterion form upon aqueous solvation is suggested as a multistage process by simple quantum chemical simulation. Initially, hydrogen bonding at the carbonyl oxygen is followed by attack of water at the carbonyl carbon and results in the formation of a triol. Hydrogen bond bridging, through solvent, from the triol end of the molecule to the amino terminus, facilitates N-protonation from the solvent. The latter appears to trigger rearrangement of the hydrogen bonding at the triol function, thus giving the anionic precursor to the zwitterion. This mechanism is based upon full INDO calculations using a supermolecule composed of GABA and 14 water molecules and resembles part of one of the mechanisms for the hydrolysis of esters as well as a process for the hydration of aldehydes.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 97
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    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 33 (1988), S. 61-68 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A possible reaction path for the polymorphic transformation of trans-trans solid diacetamide into its trans-cis from is envisaged. A description of the two crystalline forms in the same crystallographic system is adopted, and the energy profile of the crystallographic reaction path is calculated by using an empirical 6-exp. atom-atom potential method and a 6-13G ab initio procedure for the inter- and intramolecular contributions, respectively. Two barriers appear along the reaction path. The first corresponds to the destruction of the trans-trans chains and the second to the formation of the trans-cis dimers. These barriers, being lower than the acetyl rotation barier, are in agreement with the ability to isomerize diacetamide in solid state. The presence of a small energy minimum between these barriers would suggest the existence of an intermediate crystallographic form.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 98
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    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 707-720 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This article focuses on the effects of specific solvation on electron transfer (ET) reactions and illustrates how differing configurations of solvent molecules can change the ET rate. The evolution of the ET system is given by a recently developed dynamical model for ET [1]. The dynamical model allows for evolution of the ET system dynamically coupled to the outer solvent and the intramolecular degrees of freedom. The evolution of the ET system is followed in direct time using time-dependent statistical density operators. The initial state of the ET system is selected by a variational scheme, thereby determining an appropriate time-dependent statistical density operator for the initial state. The electronic subsystem is treated by a full ab-initio electronic Hamiltonian and allows for a detailed description of the electronic structure. The ET system consists of a donor, an acceptor, and a selection of solvent/bridge molecules; this encounter is surrounded by a dielectric medium [1, 2]. The actual calculations concern an ET system consisting of benzene anion radical as donor, benzene as acceptor, and three water molecules in the first solvation shell. These calculations show how important specific solvation of the donor-acceptor complex is for the ET process. The ET probability can be increased or decreased depending on the configuration of the water molecules.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 33 (1988), S. 187-194 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Some aspects of the catalytic mechanism of the serine proteases were submitted to ab initio RHF MO studies at a 3-21G basis set level. Analytical gradients were used to optimize the geometry of the molecular partners and to sense the interactions among them when they make up for the active site in chymotrypsin. Reaction fields of graded strengths were used to sense the response of the active site to protein surrounding effects. The catalytic triad (Asp-His-Ser) is reduced to a model dyad represented by ammonia and methyl alcohol. Methyl acetate represents a substrate. One water molecule is added to the model as a local solvation effect. (This molecule plays a central role in the rupture of the acylated enzyme, which was not studied here). The reaction pathways of MeAc interacting with the alcohol and alcoholate were studied to determine the intrinsic properties of this system in the present level of wave function representation. The presence of the dyad alters the interaction potential of the reacting system. The canonical form in vacuo is significantly more stable than the diionic one. The reaction field produces stabilizing effects favoring the catalytic diionic form. The effect of the tetrahedralization in the substrate has been studied. A planar substrate is strongly repelled at distances shorter than 3.0 Å, whereas a tetrahedral substrate can approach the catalytic dyad in the native configuration without apparent steric hindrance.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 33 (1988), S. 195-216 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and multiple scattering Xα calculations have been applied to a series of iridium halide complexes in order to corroborate the nature of the bondings inherent in this class of compounds. Our results seem to substantiate contentiously that higher oxidation states of iridium favor the formation of covalent bonds. This conclusion is based on the observation that (1) successive bombardment of the iridium species by Ar ions almost definitely leads to a configuration in which iridium is bound to at most one halide ion, and (2) the theoretical charge per ligand ion approaches systematically a value of {1-} in the limit as the formal oxidation state of iridium approaches {1+}. The theoretical results are further arthenticated by the fact that the experimental ionization energy of the Ir(4f) level in the different iridium halide complexes studied is seen to decrease as a result of exposure to Ar ions.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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