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  • 1970-1974  (27.167)
  • 1840-1849  (4.620)
  • Chemistry  (31.787)
Materialart
Erscheinungszeitraum
Jahr
  • 201
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 163-165 
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The methyl derivative of tolbutamide, obtained by the action of dimethyl sulfate, has been subjected to g.c.-m.s. at high resolution. From the mass spectrum it is deduced that methylation of the sulfonamide nitrogen atom has occurred. During the loss of SO2 from the molecular ion, aryl rearrangement to both oxygen and nitrogen occurs in the ratio of 1:2.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 202
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 169-171 
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Characterization of the B vitamins. pyridoxal, pyridoxamine, their phosphates and thiamine salts by electron impact mass spectrometry is difficult. A new technique, field desorption, is applied in ionizing these molecules for mass spectrometric analysis Characterization of these compounds by field desorption has the advantage that in each case the most intense peak in the spectrum is formed without fragmentation.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 203
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 1-4 
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The two major metabolites of [14C]niflumic acid, 2-(3′-[14C] trifluoromethylanilino)nicotinic acid have been isolated from human urine. Low and high resolution mass spectrometry indicate that both metabolites (M2a and M2b) are monohydroxylated derivatives of niflumic acid. The 100 MHz proton magnetic resonance spectrum of M2b demonstrates it to be 5-hydroxyniflumic acid, whereas M2a is either the 4′- or 6′-hydroxy derivative. The synthesis of 6′-methoxyniflumic acid methyl ester and comparison of its spectral data and melting point with that of the corresponding derivative of M2a reveal their non-identity. The structure of M2a is, therefore, 4′-hydroxyniflumic acid.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 204
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 5-9 
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The field ionization and electron impact mass spectra of eleven coumarins have been compared. In the field ion spectra the molecular ions were the base peaks and structurally diagnostic fragment ions formed by direct cleavage were present, whereas the molecular ions were weak in the electron impact spectra and fragment ions formed by rearrangement were dominant. Crude coumarin mixtures obtained from natural sources have been successfully examined using field ionization and gas chromatography + field ionization mass spectrometry.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 205
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The determination of drug metabolites is very important in the biochemical field. However, the procedure for doing this has been very complicated in many cases. The major reason is because of the need for fairly large amounts of the samples. We have been studying procedures for the determination and identification by use of mass spectrometry, which usually gives a lot of information rapidly from very small amounts of the samples (below μg). In this paper, the metabolites excreted in urine and bile following oral administration of 2-(diethyamino)ethyl tetrahydro-α-(1-naphthylmethyl)-2-furanpropionate oxalate (1) in rats, were investigated by means of mass spectrometry and other techniques. The drug was not excreted unchanged in urine. Of the eight metabolites suspected to be present in urine and bile, the structures of three metabolites were elucidated to be tetrahydro-α-(1-naphthylmethyl)-2-furanpropionic acid (3) and α-(1-naphthylmethyl)-2-perhydro-5-oxofuranpropionic acid (4) in urine, and diethylaminoethanol (2) in bile. These metabolites might also be present as their structural isomers or conjugates.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 206
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974) 
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 207
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 96-102 
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Several reagent gases and mixed reagent gases for high pressure ion-molecule reaction ionization of samples have been investigated for use in gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses. The common g.c. carrier gases and their mixtures with other gases such as isobutane, ammonia, tetramethylsilane, hexafluoroacetone and nitric oxide, were studied. These reagents were used to enhance the molecular ion intensity and to simplify the spectra of steroidal alcohols and the trimethylsilyl ethers of biologically important compounds.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 208
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The presence of epinine in adrenal medulla and in reaction mixtures of enzymic in vitro experiments is proven by mass fragmentography. Derivatization of catecholamines, suitable for gas chromatographic analysis is discussed. The perfluoropropionates were selected for mass fragmentography.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 209
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 115-119 
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The amino acids, arginine, citrulline, cysteine, cystine, histidine, hydroxyproline, methionine, ornithine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan and tyrosine, have been analysed in the form of their N-(N′, N′-dimethylaminomethylene) methyl esters. formed in a single step by reaction of the free amino acid or its hydrochloride with N,N-dimethylformamide dimethylacetal in acetonitrile/methanol (2:1). A reaction time of 15 minutes at 100 °C ensures complete derivatization, the derivatives being volatile at source temperatures below 150 °C, and giving electron impact spectra characterized by abundant (or moderately abundant) peaks at or near the mass of the molecular ion.The analysis of amino acid mixtures by mass fragmentography on characteristic high mass peaks of their N-(N′,N′-dimethylaminoethylene) methyl ester derivatives, introduced on a direct insertion probe and volatilized during temperature programming of the source, is qescribed. The method is applied to the analysis of a mixture containing arginine, citrulline, cystine, histidine and tryptophan, traditionally difficult to analyse by other methods.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 210
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 142-144 
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The urinary excretion of butobarbitone and its metabolites has been studied quantitatively using combined gas chromatography-mass fragmentography, tuned to ions at m/e 169 and 184. After a single oral dose (200 mg) to healthy male volunteers, unchanged drug (7 to 9%), 3′-hydroxybutobarbitone (22 to 27%), 3′-oxobutobarbitone (14 to 18%) and the 3′-carboxylic acid (4 to 8%), were found. In all cases, the maximum rate of excretion was in or near the third 12 hour urine.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 211
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 156-157 
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 212
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The organic material in airborne particulate matter is being studied by high resolution mass spectrometry to determine if hydrocarbons typical of major sources of pollution can be detected. Carbon number distributions and hydrogen-to-carbon ratios of components found in airborne particulate samples and the corresponding data for compounds detected in fuel combustion products show great similarity. Samples collected near large power stations and major airports were compared with typical urban particulate samples. Particulates collected from jet engine exhaust and a condensate from the stack effluent from a coal-fired combustion system were studied. Mass spectral data were obtained for an auto exhaust tar, a coal tar pitch and several fuels. The mass spectra of two total particulate samples, compared to the spectrum of an ether extract of the organic matter, indicate that direct vaporization can be used and extraction is not essential for qualitative mass spectral studies.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 213
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 154-155 
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The first application of field desorption mass spectrometry to the analysis of intact diacyl glycerophosphorylcholines (lecithins) has led to the detection of prominent molecular ions. This technique enables positive identification of the components of a mixture of phosphatidylcholines, which will provide valuable information on the phospholipid composition of biological fluids.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 214
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 157-157 
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 215
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. xi 
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 216
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 159-162 
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The high resolution mass spectrometric integrated ion current procedure has been used to identify and quantitate amphetamine, isolated as its dansyl derivative, as it is found after addition to urine and in tissues of the rat following intraperitoneal injection. A linear relationship between amphetamine and ion current response has been established at least in the range 5 × 10-12 to 5 × 10-7 g, and as little as 8 × 10-13 mol of amphetamine in urine may be detected.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 217
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 166-168 
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A method is described for the identification of the sapogenins of several Digitalis species. The steroids are separated by repeated development thin-layer chromatography and identified by means of high resolution mass spectrometry. The spectra of tigogenin, gitogenin, digalogenin and digitogenin are recorded. These spectra are of particular use in establishing the position of extra hydroxy moieties in the steroid nuclei. Several species of Digitalis were screened for their sapogenin content. D. purpurea, D. mertonensis and D. lutea were found to contain tigogenin and digitogenin in small amounts, the principal steroid being gitogenin, whilst D. ambigua and D. lanata contained all four steroids.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 218
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 172-174 
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Acetic acid isolated from cider vinegar and inorganically synthesized glacial acetic acid have markedly different intramolecular isotopic distributions of the stable carbon isotopes. Carbon-12 is concentrated in the methyl group relative to the carboxyl group in the biologically produced acid. The reverse distribution is observed in the particular sample of glacial acetic acid examined here.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 219
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 192-194 
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: An analysis has been made of a sample of rain water collected in Washington, D.C. following a sustained photo-oxidant smog alert which was accompanied by haze and low visibility. The analysis was effected by purging the organic content from the water with helium gas and identifying the constituents by means of gas chromatography - mass spectrometry. The predominant compound was found to be 3-methylfuran, a possible intermediate or end product of the atmospheric decomposition of terpenoid hydrocarbons. The analysis suggests that the smog resulted from the air oxidation of hydrocarbons evolved from Appalachian forestation rather than from manassociated activities.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 220
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and isotope labeling techniques have been employed to demonstrate that the carboxamide nitrogen atom in 2-carboxamido-5-isopropoxycarbonylaminobenzimidazole, a metabolite of 2-thiazolyl-5-isopropoxycarbonylaminobenzimidazole (cambendazole), is derived wholly from the parent drug. [15N] Thiazole-labeled cambendazole was administered to a rat and the metabolite isolated from urine. Trideutero-2-carboxamido-5-isopropoxycarbonylaminobenzimidazole was employed as a carrier to isolate the metabolite in sufficient purity for isotope ratio measurements using multiple ion detection. The metabolite was converted to its tetramethyl derivative by on-column reaction with trimethylanilium hydroxide to permit satisfactory gas chromatography.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 221
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 206-207 
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 222
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 223-230 
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Some of the known and important metabolites of cyclophosphamide and the parent drug itself were investigated by low and high resolution field desorption mass spectrometry. The potential of the relatively new analytical method for the determination of the molecular weight and elemental formulae of drugs and drug metabolites was exemplified. This holds for pure, synthetic compounds as well as for contaminated extracts from biological sources. In addition, by thermally-/field-induced fragmentation, diagnostic fragment ions could be produced, providing valuable structural information. Further, an indication on how to distinguish [M]+. and [M + H]+ ions in field desorption mass spectrometry is given. The ability to identify these ions unambiguously is critical for interpretation. Finally, the potential of the method as applied to drug and drug metabolite mixtures is evaluated. The results indicate that field desorption mass spectrometry is a promising tool in metabolism studies.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 223
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 252-255 
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: High resolution mass spectrometry has been used to identify phenylbutanone in plasma extracts. Concentrations of 5 μg/ml of the drug in plasma have been determined by a gas chromatographic method with a standard deviation of ±0.3%.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 224
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The amino acid sequences of the thirteen tryptic peptides of the cowpea strain of tobacco mosaic virus (Cowpea TMV) protein were determined by a combination of the mass spectrometric and Edman degradation procedures. In order to complete the amino acid sequences, a number of the tryptic peptides were further digested with chymotrypsin, thermolysin and carboxypeptidases A and B. The peptide fragments were separated and purified by the use of ion exchange chromatography. Sephadex chromatography and paper electrophoresis.The total number of amino acid residues in the Cowpea TMV protein was found to be 161 as opposed to the 158 found for the type TMV protein, and asparaginyl-arginine was the only tryptic peptide common to both proteins. All peptides used for mass spectrometry were first N-acetylated and then permethylated using methyl iodide and methyl sulphinyl carbanion or potassium t-butoxide dissolved in dimethyl sulphoxide.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 225
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Representative phenylalkylamines (six enantiomeric pairs) and amino acid methyl esters (five enantiomeric pairs) have been examined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, in the form of their N-(R)-α-phenylbutyryl, N-(S)-α-phenylpropionyl- and N-(R)-α-chlorophenylacetyl derivatives. In most cases, satisfactory gas chromatographic resolution of the diastereomeric amides has been achieved on both SE-30 and OV-17 stationary phases. The phenylbutyramides and phenylpropionamides gave the more informative mass spectra (for characterization of the amines) but molecular ions were observed in all instances.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 226
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 295-295 
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 227
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Characteristic mass spectroscopic data for the identification of ten nitrosophenols is presented. The use of TMS derivatives for gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of 4-nitrosophenols is discussed, together with the use of copper chelates for obtaining direct insertion spectra of 2-nitrosophenols. The fragmentations of nitrosopher ols also show ions derived from their quinonemonoxime tautomers, even under gas chromatography-mass spectrometry conditions, indicating that isomerization occurs in the mass spectrometer. An anomalous elimination of nitrogen from these nitrosophenols has been shown to be a facile reduction of the nitroso moiety which takes place in the ion source of the mass spectrometer.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 228
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974) 
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 229
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A mass fragmentographic method for the estimation of the estimation of free and bound morphine and free 6-monoacetylmorphine in blood has been developed. It uses stable isotope internal standards and has a sensitivity of about 1 ng per ml or about 100 times better than ordinary gas chromatography. The focusing on specific high molecular fragments of the molecules gives high specificity to the assay and the stable isotope internal standards allow correction for losses occuring in the preparative steps of the analysis. A sensitive, specific method for monoacetylmorphine is particularly valuable since this compound seems to be a specific metabolite of heroin.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 230
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Nonvolatile biological materials, such as biopolymers or even whole cells, can be made accessible to mass spectrometric analysis by pyrolysis techniques. In principle, this enables differentiation, classification and identification of these materials. Moreover, pyrolysis mass spectrometry can provide a general picture of the chemical composition and structure of the sample analysed. During the past few years we have investigated several pyrolysis techniques in combination with different mass spectrometric methods. These investigations included Curie point pyrolysis, infrared laser pyrolysis, low voltage electron impact ionization, field ionizationIn co-operation with Professor Dr H. D. Beckey and Dr H.-R. Schulten, University of Bonn, Germany. and pyrolysis field desorption. Pyrolysis reactions were performed either at the gas inlet or directly at the ion source. The relative merits of these different experimental approaches are discussed. Additionally, examples of various applications, such as computer identification of bacteria and qualitative analyses of biopolymers, are given.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 231
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Quantitative methods based on chemical ionization mass spectrometry are described for the determination of tolbutamide, a sulfonylurea, and its metabolites from human plasma. The sulfonylureas are extracted from the acidified plasma and then N-1 methylated with diazomethane. The methylated compounds can be subjected to gas chromatography where they are partially cleaved to the corresponding N-1 methylated sulfonamides. Alternatively, the methylated compounds can be introduced into the ion source by means of a solid sampler. The sulfonylureas upon evaporation from the solid sampler or the formed sulfonamide and the parent sulfonylurea upon elution from the gas chromatographic column are subjected to chemical ionization with methane as the reactant gas. The [M + H]+ ions formed are measured quantitatively with respect to the deuterium substituted internal standards. It is suggested that the technique of introducing biological extracts into the ion source via a solid probe may be applied for the quantification of compounds that are unstable under gas-liquid chromatographic conditions. Both the gas chromatographic and the non gas chromatographic methods provided excellent and comparable results. The plasma level-time profile of tolbutamide and its metabolites in a diabetic patient following the administration of 1.0 g tolbutamide intravenously is presented.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 232
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 340-344 
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The reaction of barbituric acids with diazoalkanes (diazomethane and diazoethane) gives the N,N′-dialkylbarbituric acids as the major products. Gas chromatograms of the reaction products show up to four additional peaks. These have been shown by mass and proton magnetic resonance spectrometry to be produced by the two isomeric N,O-dialkylbarbituric acids (1,4- and 1,2-dialkylbarbituric acids) and the two O,O′-dialkyl isomers.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 233
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The precise isotopic analysis of carbon by means of differential comparison of CO2 samples is applied to neutral, acid c and basic extract fractions of human urine. It is shown that the standard deviation of the analytical procedure, including sample preparation steps, is about 1% or 0.001 atom % excess carbon-13, but depends some what on the fraction considered. Day to day variations (expressed as standard deviations) in the isotopic composition of the urine fractions are generally less than 2.8%, 1.4% and 3.9% for the neutral, acidica and basic fractions, respectively, although the effect of unusual dietary inputs can be recognized. The ingestion of 23 μg excess carbon-13 in the form of isotopically labelled aspirin is shown to perturb significantly the isotopic composition of the acidic urine fraction which, for a 24 hour collection period, had a mass of 570 mg C. Because only 0.01% of the fraction was consumed by isotopic analysis, further extensive analysis would be possible. It is concluded that carbon-13 tracer experiments generally should be arranged to provide at least 5 × 10-5 g excess 13C/g carbon in any fraction which is to be used for lable detection.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 234
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 363-364 
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The mass spectra of a mixture twenty dansyl derivatives of biogenic amines were run using low energy electron impact. This method appears to be useful for the analysis of amines present in biological materials.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 235
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974) 
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 236
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 352-357 
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Two different mass spectrometric techniques have been used to analyse the products resulting from Curie-point pyrolysis of nucleic acids: low voltage ionization quadrupole mass spectrometry and high resolution field ionization mass spectrometry. The spectra obtained with both techniques are in good agreement with one another. As already indicated by the low resolution spectra, the high resolution spectra proved that most of the peaks originate from the carbohydrate moiety of the nucleic acid. Micrograms of DNA/RNA can be distinguished very easily by use of these key fragments, although the bases themselves are not found. Some significant pyrolysis mechanisms are proposed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 237
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 386-392 
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The mass spectra of synthetic methoxychlorobiphenyls have been investigated. These substances are of interest as reference compounds in studies of the metabolism of chlorobiphenyls. Some characteristic fragmentation patterns have been found, useful for differentiation between the 2-, 3- and 4-methoxychlorobiphenyl isomers. Thus, mass spectra of 2-methoxychlorobiphenyls show large fragments at [M - CH3Cl]+., while those of 4-methoxy compounds differ from 3-methoxy isomers by the presence of significant [M - CH3]+ fragments in the former.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 238
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. xv 
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 239
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 365-366 
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Spark source mass spectrometry at a resolving power of up to 19 000 has been used to analyse an ashed human blood standard and an unknown animal blood for 28 elements.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 240
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Biologically active primary amines (phenethylamines, amphetamines and tryptamines) form thermally stable isothiocyanate derivatives by reacting with carbon disulfide. Phenolic hydroxyl and indole (NH) nitrogens are further converted to their trimethylsilyl derivatives. The gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric properties of several amines are presented. It is shown that the combined use of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry of these derivatives is well suited for the differentiation of several structural isomers. Fragmentation mechanisms leading to the formation of structurally significant ions are discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 241
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Piperidine is a putative neurotransmitter. Its sensitive determination is one of the prerequisites for the evaluation of its assumed physiological role. For its derivatization 5-di-n-butylaminonaphthalene-1-sulphonyl chloride, a new reagent which improves methods applying 5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulphonyl chloride, is used. Reaction of the perchloric acid tissue extract with this reagent, thin-layer chromatographic separation of the fluorescent derivatives and mass spectrometric evaluation of the di-n-butylaminonaphthalenesulphonyl piperidine spot by a version of the integrated ion current technique allows the determination of piperidine in tissues in picomole quantities. Standard deviation of the determinations of 2 to 16 pmol of piperidine added to 50 mg of brain tissue was ±8%. The method was applied to the analysis of different tissues. Brain concentrations of piperidine in different species were found to be lower by a factor up to 100 in comparison with published data.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 242
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 243
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 72-75 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: A series of rigid polyurethane foams of densities varying from 65 kg/m-3 to 400 kg/m-3 have been tested in compression as a function of rate and temperature. Two yield points are observed, the lower one being associated with the surface layers, the higher with the bulk of the material. The yield points may be predicted to a first approximation for the higher density foam using a model based on the buckling of a thinwalled cylinder.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 244
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 362-365 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The effect of changes in crystallinity on the β-transition in poly(vinyl chloride) was studied by dynamic mechanical measurements of loss tangent (tan δ) and storage modulus (E′) over the temperature range -160° to 85°C. Four frequencies were covered, 3.5, 11, 35, and 110 Hz. The data presented demonstrate that crystallinity has a significant influence on the relaxation processes involved in the β-transition. The restrictions on segmental mobility imposed by crystallinity are most pronounced in the region between Tβ and Tg, with Tβ tending to shift to lower temperatures, Tg shifting to slightly higher temperatures, the magnitude of tan δ decreasing, and engineering tensile strength increasing. Our data also show that individual PVC resins have mechanical and physical properties which differ enough so that comparisons which are often made between them may be inconclusive. Moreover, the properties of one resin may be more sensitive to thermal treatment than those of another. We are continuing this study to establish correlations between the observed trends and other important mechanical properties such as impact strength, toughness, tensile, and compressive strength.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 245
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 155-158 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The equations of stress-strain of gel-filled polymer under large deformation were derived by using a simple model i.e. a sphere in a cubic matrix. The author finds for no adhesion between the phases: In case of perfect adhesion between the phases: where σ(α) is the stress of a blend at an elongation ratio of α, σR(α) the stress of a rubber matrix at α, σG(αG) the stress of a gel component at αG, σR (αR) the stress of a rubber matrix at αR, φ the volume fraction of gel. The validity of Eq 1 was shown for the polychloroprene vulcanizates containing polystyrene-gel which exhibits no adhesion with the polychloroprene matrix. This result shows the value of the model proposed here. The tensile strength of polychloroprene vulcanizates filled with polychloroprene-gel at break is discussed by the use of Eqs 2-4.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 246
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 177-188 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Two overriding characteristics for major applications of plastics in consumer products are: - the need for high volume production and - their exposure to hostile environments.Successful application and continued growth for plastics in these products requires knowledgeable prediction of performance in the process to produce the plastic part and in the environments to which it will be exposed during the product's lifetime. Progress on establishing relationships between material properties and structure are described with emphasis on response to melt process conditions and behavior when exposed to hostile environments.Commercial plastics and the processes by which they are converted into useful applications are complex systems. A multitude of interacting variables must be dealt with in order to achieve successful implementation in commercial products. Specific examples are discussed in the area of processing for non-Newtonian flow characteristics and overt effects in injection molding and extrusion, tailoring of polymers within established rheological limits and the influence of melt processing on physical and mechanical properties. The influence of application environments is discussed and specific examples are given for environmental stress cracking, stress-environment embrittlement and the effects of hot water solutions on polymer systems.
    Zusätzliches Material: 27 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 247
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 212-222 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Flow patterns have been observed during the injection molding of rheologically characterized low-density polyethylene and polystyrene melts under various molding conditions. Some studies of high-density polyethylene were also carried out. Various mold designs were included in the study and the flow patterns investigated under both isothermal and cold cavity wall conditions. In addition to investigating injection molding of single polymer melts, flow patterns in the sandwich molding of polyethylene and polystyrene were studied.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 248
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 50-57 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The chemo-rheological behavior has been elucidated for three high temperature epoxy resins. Constant temperature and shear stress measurements were made on a modified Weissenberg Rheogoniometer. Curing behavior of various temperatures is unified by a time-temperature superposition method. The curing rate of one resin, Ferro E-293, is limited by the chemical reaction. The other resins, 3M PR-286 and PR-288, each have consecutively occurring reactions, both of which are diffusion limited. The chemo-rheological information obtained for these materials is used to model viscosity for compression molding of hand-laidup composites.
    Zusätzliches Material: 15 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 249
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974) 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 250
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 98-100 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The melt flow of a plastic as measured by the standard method (ASTM D-1238) is at a high enough stress so that the flow is non-Newtonian. If the die in the plastometer is replaced by a nonstandard, tapered die of large orifice, a lower stress can be used and the flows are shown to be comparable to Newtonian viscosities measured in a cone and plate rheometer. Under these conditions the plastometer can be used as a sensitive measure of the melt stability of a plastic.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 251
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 120-123 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The porosity of poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) resin particles produced in bulk polymerization is sensitive to polymerization conditions. Using scanning electron microscopy, 60μ spherical beads of PVC are shown to be composed of loosely packed 1μ spherical subparticles. This complex morphology is characterized by a variability in surface area. The surface area of bulk PVC materials can be measured by a chromatographic technique. The elution time of n-octane as a probe molecule on PVC packed columns is simply related to PVC surface area. At approximately constant particle size (measured by Coulter counter and optical microscopy), surface areas measured by argon adsorption are correlated to chromatographic elution times. The bulk density, plastisol viscosity and pore volume (from mercury penetration porosimetry) are determined and related to specific surface area.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 252
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 249-259 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The effect of cold rolling on the Izod impact strength of amorphous polycarbonates has been studied. The impact strength is a function of the roll reduction as well as the original sheet thickness. Sheets varying from 0.125 to 0.645 inches in thickness have been studied and roll reductions up to 50 percent have been utilized. It is shown that enhancement in impact strength occurs at very small percent roll reductions. The orientation release stress has been measured as a function of roll reduction and the internal stresses through the thickness of the sheets have been studied by birefringence methods. It is suggested that the residual stresses are responsible for impact enhancement rather than the molecular orientation.
    Zusätzliches Material: 22 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 253
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 702-705 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Plasticized poly(methyl methacrylate) and methyl methacrylate/acrylate copolymer films were examined by isothermal creep at low loads measured at several temperatures from ∼Tg to Tg + 15°C. Viscosity calculated using η = σ/3\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \dot \varepsilon $\end{document} was plotted vs temperature giving precise values for Tg based on a viscosity criterion of η = 1013 poises. Creep fracture data at various temperatures below Tg were interpreted using the maximum apparent viscosity measured at the minima of strain rate vs strain curves. Plots of ηmax VS stress at several temperatures gave values of ΔTg/Δσ of -1° to 2°C/106 N/m2 in agreement with treatment of ΔTg/Δσ based on free volume. Fracture occurred at low elongations when ηmax was ≥1013 poises, and at higher elongations when ηmax was 〈1013 poises supporting the concept that fracture is related to the lowering of Tg under stress. Plots of log σ VS log εb (the elongation at fracture) had the same form as that for crosslinked elastomers above Tg reported by T. L. Smith. Plots of log \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \dot \varepsilon $\end{document}b VS log εb also had the same form supporting proposals on the rate sensitivity of fracture.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 254
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 538-541 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: In the manufacture of electronic devices for integrated circuits, reducing the number of resist steps is desirable for a variety of reasons. We describe some experiments on a process aimed at reducing the number of resist and registration steps in electron beam lithography. The process involves locally varying the electron dose in an electron sensitive resist (in this case poly[methyl methacrylate]) so that the different levels of exposure can be distinguished by subsequent developing. Reliable results have been achieved with three levels: (i)Strongly exposed (resist removed after short immersion in developer).(ii)Partially exposed or “metastable” (resist removed only after prolonged immersion in developer).(iii)Unexposed.In strongly exposed regions, operations such as etching may take place while using the metastable and unexposed regions to protect the workpiece. Subsequently, the metastable region may be developed for further processing.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 255
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 567-572 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Aspects of the present status of structure-property correlations for linear polycarboranesiloxanes which contain rigid carborane cages and flexible siloxane in-chain linkages are discussed. Low temperature secondary transitions, glass transitions, crystallization and melting transitions, and high temperature chemical transformations in inert and air atmospheres are emphasized. The linear polymers serve as the basis for new high-temperature elastomers.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 256
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 810-816 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Processors have encountered processing problems in dealing with thermoforming co-extruded sheet where one layer is semitransparent to incident radiant energy of the heater banks and the other is opaque. An analysis of the radiant heating process shows that significant volumetric absorption of radiant energy takes place within the semitransparent sheet. From the model, it is shown that to minimize temperature excursions within laminated sheets (and thus reduce the tendency for delamination and blistering), heater banks should be programmed to cycle in an on-off mode with a rather short cycle period.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 257
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 831-839 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The effects of an isopropanol environment on the deformation characteristics of copoly (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) (ABS) and poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) have been investigated. Creep tests were performed in tension and torsion both in air and in isopropanol. It was noted that accelerated rates of creep were encountered during the tensile tests in isopropanol as compared with air but no differences were noted during the torsion tests. An explanation is proposed that the greatly increased creep strains encountered in tension result from diffusion of the fluid into the polymer. The rate of diffusion is controlled by changes in the free volume which occur on application of uniaxial tensile stresses. The existence of the fluid molecules in the polymer matrix reduce its local creep resistance and produce swelling, both of which are manifested as increased creep strains. The fact that no effects were noted during torsion tests (where the free volume remains constant) or when an unstressed specimen was immersed in the fluid indicates that no significant absorption occurs at the equilibrium (unstressed) free volume.
    Zusätzliches Material: 14 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 258
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 859-867 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: A simple method for predicting the primary normal stress function, θ, from viscosity data is proposed. A relation between θ and the viscosity function, θ, based on the Goddard-Miller rheological equation of state, is given. An easy-to-use generalized chart for estimating θ from θ is presented; in order to use this chart, viscosity data must be available from the zero-shear-rate value of the “power law region.” The method was applied to six polymer melts, three polymer solutions, and an aluminum soap solution for which θ had been measured experimentally. Even though θ varied by a factor of 103 over the examined range of shear rate, the theory and experiment seldom differed by more than a factor of 2. The generalized chart for θ was combined with Tanner's theory to prepare a graph which may be used to estimate jet swell from viscosity data. Comparison with experimental data of jet swell for 4 polymer melts shows good agreement.
    Zusätzliches Material: 15 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 259
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 730-733 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Polymer solutions and melts can both dissipate mechanical energy in flow, as well as accumulate elastic energy. If the assumption is made that elastic energy can be accumulated only through a decrease of conformational entropy, the general thermodynamic theory for non-linear viscoelastic materials simplifies considerably. In particular, though no generality is lost as far as the constitutive equation for stress is concerned, the energy equation, which allows in principle a calculation of temperature distributions arising from frictional heating and heat removal, reduces to the usual form which is valid for viscous materials.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 260
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 717-723 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: During an investigation of the time for ignition of polymeric materials under the influence of radiant heating, it was found that the polymer surface reflectance-absorptance characteristics were a major factor in the variance of the ignition times. A subsequent research study was made of the reflectance-absorptance characteristics of those polymers used in the ignition testing. Reflectance values were obtained over the wavelength of 0.3 to 2.5 microns using a double-beam Cary model 14 spectrophotometer with an integrating sphere reflectometer and over the wavelengths of 1.0 to 10.0 microns using a Gier-Dunkle Hohlraum with a Perkin-Elmer spectrophotometer. Absorptance values were obtained by means of Kirchoff's Law,Drawings and graphs are included which illustrate the test apparatus and type of data collected. A table of average absorptances of several polymers are given and listed according to the particular type of heat source used. \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \alpha _\lambda + r_\lambda = 1 $$\end{document} Average absorptances of the polymers over the monochromatic wavelength span of the heat sources were calculated using the equation \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \alpha _{{\rm av}} = \frac{{\int_{\lambda _1 }^{\lambda _2 } {\alpha _\lambda e_\lambda d\lambda } }}{{\int_{\lambda _1 }^{\lambda _2 } {e_\lambda {\rm d}\lambda}}} $$\end{document} Mathematical analyses were developed and are presented for both the integrating sphere reflectometer and Gier-Dunkle Hohlraum unit.Drawings and graphs are included which illustrate the test apparatus and type of data collected. A table of average absorptances of several polymers are given and listed according to the particular type of heat source used.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 261
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 764-767 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Polymer properties were measured as a function of temperature at 5 and 10°C per minute heating rates and as a function of time at constant temperature, using the Du Pont 940 thermal-mechanical analyzer. Data are reported on deflection temperature under load, vicat softening temperature, and creep properties. These results have been correlated with ASTM values. These tests require short times and are applicable to thermoplastics, thermosets, and elastomers.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 262
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 778-781 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Electron microscopy studies indicate that the microfibrils are a well defined element of many uniaxially oriented polymers. On the basis of these results it was inferred that the mechanical responses of uniaxially oriented polymers are similar to those of a parallel ensemble of the microfibrils. An important consequence of this microfibrillar model is that the type of load transfer is independent of crystallite aspect (length/diameter) ratio. The analysis of anisotropy in modulus of uniaxially oriented nylon 6, however, indicates that the load transfer characteristics of these polymers are dependent on crystallite dimension. A series response is observed only with fibers or films of low and intermediate draw ratio. Highly oriented structures, however, exhibit a nearly isotropic response in load transfer. These results show that uniaxial polymers must be analyzed in terms of a model where the crystallites are embedded in an “amorphous” matrix. The equations are derived for modulus, strength, and coefficient of diffusion in terms of crystallite dimensions, and the results compared with the experimental data.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 263
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974) 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 264
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 827-830 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Ternary phase diagram for several polybutene-1 and polystyrene resins in carbon tetrachloride have been determined. These show: Almost the entire phase diagram is a two-phase region.The composition of each phase is mainly of one polymer type.Increasing the molecular weight of either polymer diminishes compatibility.To our knowledge, this is the first example of phase separation in common solvent polymer solutions that involves a poly α-olefin. Viscosity and surface tension data on the equilibrium phases indicate the phases have the same surface tensions but far different viscosities. The upper phase is mainly polybutene-1 and is much more viscous than the lower phase which is mainly polystyrene. Slight agitation of the phases gives an “emulsion” that may be cast into a polymer film. The film has a continuous phase of Form III polybutene-1 and a dispersed phase of polystyrene. The polystyrene may be extracted from the film by immersion in methyl ethyl ketone to give a porous polybutene-1 film.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 265
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 853-858 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Computer simulation technology is used to define the problems in scale-up of extruders from 2.5 to 3.5, 4.5, 6.0, and 8.0 inches in diameter. It is shown that the conventional practice of scaling-up channel depths by the square root of the diameter ratio does not take full advantage of the potential output capacity of larger extruders and a faster rate of channel depth increase is proposed. It is also shown that inherent limitations resulting from decreasing barrel surface area and increasing flight clearance with increasing screw diameter will always result in a higher discharge temperature from the larger machine at any practical output rate. Frictional heat generation and heat removal requirements increase with increasing diameter, regardless of the scale-up system used, and these limit the output capability of the larger sizes at low discharge temperatures.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 266
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 868-872 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The Contraves balance rheometer has been used in a study of the gelation and fusion process of three DOP-based PVC-plastisols and the results compared with those obtained with the Brabender plastograph. The tensile properties of samples fused at different temperatures have also been determined. The rheometer results relate to the temperature dependence of the viscosity, shear modulus, and loss angle of the plastisols used. The viscosity- and modulus-temperature curves are to some extent reminiscent of the torque-temperature curves obtained with the plastograph; the fusion temperatures are slightly different. The loss-angle-temperature curves measured with the rheometer exhibit sharp maxima in the vicinity of the Tg-point of the base polymer. The shear modulus decreases with time when the temperature is kept constant (above the fusion point). This effect is possibly associated with crystallite melting. The temperature necessary to reach the maximum strength plateau of films fused at various temperatures was found to agree (within 10°C) with the maximum in the modulus-temperature curves (minimum in loss-angle-temperature curves) when the rheometer shear rate was sufficiently low. On the whole, the rheometer allows for better temperature control. Also, the fact that the results are given in terms of viscosity and shear modulus may have some advantage in interpreting gelation and fusion data.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 267
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 92-97 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The electret potentials developed by reverse osmosis electret membranes help control the undesirable deposition of charged colloidal particles on the membrane surfaces during membrane desalination. These antifouling electret membranes should help prevent the costly flux declines normally associated with deposition of colloidal iron oxides on the reverse osmosis membrane surfaces.Homocharge and heterocharge behavior of cellulose acetate membrane electrets have been studied. Asymmetric reverse osmosis membranes and dense membrane films were studied. The homocharge and heterocharge of cellulose acetate reverse osmosis electret membranes have been explained.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 268
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 167-176 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Glassy, amorphous thermoplastics experience a nearly universal susceptibility to crack and craze formation in the combined presence of stress and a chemical environment. This susceptibility has been evaluated for styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers according to the factors which effect craze initiation and those which limit the rates of flaw propagation. Molecular weight, styrene-acrylonitrile ratio, rubber content, and rubber phase morphology are variables which were found to affect flaw initiation and propagation. Fundamental characterization of the chemical parameters which control the initiation of craze formation in polysulfone and polycarbonate is also presented. In particular, “3-dimensional” solubility parameters have been observed to be a reasonable means of characterizing susceptibility to environmental stress cracking.
    Zusätzliches Material: 21 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 269
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 206-211 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The mechanism of weathering degradation of polyolefins is discussed. Variations in spectral radiation, temperature, density, polymer absorption spectra, orientation, and sample thickness are related to property deterioration. Organic ultraviolet stabilizers, zinc oxide stabilization, and UV catalyzed degradation are briefly reviewed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 270
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974) 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 271
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 260-263 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Amorphous polycarbonate sheets up to 1/4 inch in thickness have been crystallized both thermally and by acetone vapor sorption. For thick sheets acetone vapor sorption is the superior technique and a method has been developed for assuring homogeneous crystallized sheets. The crystallized polycarbonate can be cold rolled providing there is a residual acetone content to act as a plasticizer for the sheet. The tensile stress strain characteristics of the as-crystallized sheets as well as the rolled crystallized sheets have been determined as a function of the residual acetone content. It is shown that a crystallized polycarbonate whose thickness is reduced by 74 percent can achieve a true stress at fracture of 27,180 psi and a strain of 33 percent. These values are significantly greater than the values obtained for rolled amorphous polycarbonates.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 272
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 273-275 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Two series of glass-reinforced diallyl phthalate molding compounds from two different manufacturers were evaluated using a Rheometrics, Inc. Mechanical Spectrometer and a Brabender Torque Rheometer. Comparison of reactivity and minimum viscosity as measured by these two instruments is presented. The Mechanical Spectrometer appears capable of differentiating smaller changes in melt viscosity than does the Brabender Torque Rheometer.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 273
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 288-291 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Results are presented of friction and thermal tests of molded polyimide and pyrrone polymers. The coefficient of sliding friction up to surface velocities of 2 m/sec (394 ft/min) and the coefficient of thermal expansion from 300 to 500°K (80 to 440°F) were measured. An apparatus was constructed to measure simultaneously the coefficient of sliding friction and the friction-generated temperature. Measurements were made at a nominal pressure-velocity product of 0.25 MN/msec (7100 lb/in.2 × ft/min) and at temperatures between 300 and 500°K (80 and 440°F).
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 274
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 338-341 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 275
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 81-91 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The biochemistry and stereochemistry of proteins are reviewed and related to molecular structure and specifically to the properties governing fiber formation. The conformation of amino acids, polypeptides and proteins are discussed. The amino acid composition of protein is considered in relation to structure, chain length and molecular weight. General descriptions are also given for typical synthetic polypeptides as well as for non-fibrous natural proteins used in fiber manufacture. Mechanisms and modes are presented for fiber formation including a discussion of molecular criteria involving intermolecular cohesive and crystalline configurational forces which are involved in the fiber forming process. These effects are related to treatments and processes, including thermal, mechanical and chemical modifications, which can be applied to protein for the purpose of forming fibers.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 276
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 112-119 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: A theoretical model for the simulation of dynamic operation of a plasticating extruder is proposed. The model can be recommended as a tool to study various dynamic situations of interest in the operation of an extruder. Several responses to changes in operating conditions are discussed. They indicate the occurrence of transient maximas and occasional oscillations. The controlling of flow rate by adjusting a valve at the die seems to cause temporary local high peaks in pressure, whereas its control through screw speed seems to be satisfactory.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 277
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 143-146 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Low profile polyesters and sheet molding compounds, SMC, are two of many resin-glass composites that have been commercialized in the past few years. They have evolved through application of earlier technologies and have opened up possibilities for fiber-reinforced plastics. Because of rapid growth, insufficient time has been spent documenting the technical aspects of making SMC. Techniques are thus described that we have used to characterize the rheological properties of the resin mix during its transition from liquid-like (viscous) behavior of the initial formulation through the solid-like (elastic) behavior of the resultant SMC.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 278
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 16-21 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The concentration dependence of the rheological response of aqueous Separan solutions was measured. The shear and primary normal stress response in steady shearing flow, and the relaxation of shear stress following cessation of steady shear flow, were measured with four different polymer solution concentrations. Two different nonlinear constitutive equations, Bird-Carreau and Meister, were used to analyse the data. The Bird-Carreau model fit the steady shear data very well and the parameters obtained from steady shear data allow reasonable estimates of the stress relaxation of these systems. The Meister model provided a fit of the transient stress relaxation data and could be used to estimate the steady shear response. No quantitative molecular theory was developed in this work. However, the nature of the concentration dependence of the Bird-Carreau parameters suggests that as the polymer concentration of aqueous Separan solutions decreases from 2.0 to 0.05 weight percent the solutions should be modeled less by an entangled network theory and more as slightly overlapping hydrodynamic units. The concentration where this behavior seems to be changing appears to be about 0.25 percent by weight of polymer.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 279
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974) 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 280
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 298-307 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The procedures developed in this paper enable the die designer to estimate the dimensions of the die at the exit and to define a flow channel within the body of the die appropriate to the required dimensions and output rate of the extruded product. Design procedures are given for predicting die swell (and hence die exit dimensions) from a knowledge of product dimensions, output rate and the basic shear, elasticity, and viscosity data. Within the body of the die the length and included angle of a convergent tapered section should be such that the critical tensile deformation rate is not exceeded. At the die entry the taper angle is related to the tensile and shear viscosities. Analytical expressions based on flow data are given for predicting pressure drops resulting from flow through circular and slot dies of constant cross-section and through conical and wedge-shaped dies. A numerical example shows how the theory may be applied to the design of a die for a thin-walled tube. For the resultant die design, the likely effects are predicted to changes in output rate and melt temperature for the chosen material, of changes in grade of the same type of polymer, and of changes in polymer type.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 281
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 322-331 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: It was theorized that the heat stability of PVC may be improved by exchanging the “weak” (allylic and tertiary) chlorines by groups of higher bond strength, e.g., phenyl. Thus PVC was phenylated by φ3Al in carbon disulfide slurry for various times (1 to 5 hrs) and temperatures (from -30 to +45°C). The φ3Al concentration, temperature and time of φ3Al treatment greatly affect the ultimate heat stability of PVC. Significant improvement in the heat stability was obtained by treating PVC in carbon disulfide at 25°C for 1 hr. The mechanism of phenylation was studied by model experiments in which the possible structural irregularities in PVC were simulated by small molecule chlorine compounds, i.e., 3-chloro-1-butene, 1,3-dichloro-1-butene, 4-choro-2-pentene were models for terminal and inchain allylic chlorines, t-butyl chloride was the model for tertiary chlorine at branch site, and isopropyl chloride simulated regular secondary chlorines. The reactions between φ3Al and these chlorides were carried out at 35°C for various times and the NMR spectra were analyzed. The φ3Al + tBuCl reaction in carbon disulfide gives t-butylbenzene (Wurtz coupling) and isobutylene oligomers. Evidently φ3Al (or the φ2AlCl formed) dehydrochlorinates tBuCl to isobutylene which rapidly oligomerizes in the presence of Lewis acids. In aromatic diluents, i.e., benzene, chlorobenzene, and o-chlorotoluene, Friedel-Crafts t-butylation of the diluent occurs; in mesitylene t-butylation is absent presumably because of steric hindrance and small amounts of t-butylbenzene are formed by Wurtz coupling. All the allyl chlorides examined are rapidly phenylated by φ3Al in carbon disulfide at 35°C and yield the expected products: 3-chloro-1-butene → 1-phenyl-2-butene; 1,3-dichloro-1-butene → 1-chloro-3-phenyl-1-butene; 4-chloro-2-pentene → 4-phenyl-2-pentene. The kinetics of phenylation by φ3Al of model compounds have been studied and the following rate constants were obtained: kallyl = too fast to measure, ktBuCl = 1.0, and kiPrCl = 9 × 10-4 l/mole min. Evidently the rate of the φ3Al + RCl reaction is mainly determined by the stability of the R⊕ intermediate: substituted allylic⊕ ≫ tertiary⊕ ≫ secondary⊕.
    Zusätzliches Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 282
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 352-356 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The effect of insoluble gel material, crystalline aggregates, and suspension particle membranes on the physical and mechanical properties of solution cast films of suspension PVC has been studied. The chemical structure and morphology of the insoluble gel material was also studied. The suspension particle membranes are found to contain significant amounts of hydroxyl and carbonyl groups but are still predominately PVC. These particles affect the transparency of cast films as well as the surface topography by forming discrete clusters upon drying which are uniformly distributed throughout the films. Finally, insoluble gel material is found to have no significant effect on the low and high speed mechanical properties of the films.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 283
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 371-381 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Recent morphological studies of plasticized and unplasticified poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) are reviewed. Suspension polymerized PVC contains particles in a number of different size ranges 100-200Å, 1000-5000Å, 1μ and larger. The larger size particles are broken down during plasticization but both the 100Å and the 1000Å suspension particles retain their identity. The visibility, and presumably, coalescence of these particles is a function of the processing conditions. In particular, the size of the 100Å particle increases with plasticizer content and is most distinct as characterized both by small angle x-ray scattering and electron microscopy for milling temperatures in the 160-170°C. range. Consideration is given to the effect of these particles, their structure, and interrelationship on the rheological properties of the resins.
    Zusätzliches Material: 17 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 284
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) formulations were prepared in solid and foam form, and mechanical hysteresis was measured by low-speed tension and compression on an Instron tester and by high-speed rebound on a resiliometer. Hysteresis was greatest in copolymers with vinyl acetate, at low plasticizer concentration, with inefficient plasticizers, at high concentrations of reinforcing fillers, at high expansion to low density, and at high speed of testing. Conversely, resilience was greatest at high plasticizer concentration, with more efficient plasticizers, with non-reinforcing fillers, and at high density.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 285
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 401-412 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: A concentric cyclinder dilatometer was designed and built to study the influence of shear on the crystallization kinetics of polymers. This instrument allows crystallization to be followed at both constant temperature and shear rate. Several samples of polyethylene oxide (Carbowax 4000, Carbowax 20-M, and WSR-205) were used. A low molecular weight fraction of the Carbowax 20-M, as well as the unfractionated material, was crystallized under shear. The WSR-205 was studied only in a mixture with Carbowax 4000. It was shown that the kinetics of crystallization of uncrosslinked melts of polyethylene oxide are altered by shear. The induction times for the appearance of crystallinity are shorter in the sheared systems than in the quiescent melts. The Avrami exponents are also higher for crystallization in sheared melts than in quiescent systems and increase with decreasing supercooling. The high values of the Avrami exponent are attributed to the disruption of crystalline aggregates into particles larger than the critical sized nucleus. These particles will persist in the melt and continue to grow spontaneously. A continuous infusion of growing particles into the melt occurs.At constant temperature and shear rate, the induction time of the crystallization curve is influenced by polymer molecular weight. In moderate to high molecular weight samples, the effect of shear becomes saturated at very low shear rates. Decreasing the molecular weight separates the crystallization curves. The curves from the higher shear rates appear at the shorter induction times. However, decreasing the molecular weight below that at the critical entanglement molecular weight allows the nucleation rate, strongly dependent upon the supercooling, to influence the relative positions of the sheared crystallization curves.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 286
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 478-480 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Chemical batch-to-batch variations of an acrylonitrile-modified epoxy potting compound were monitored by infrared spectroscopy and correlated to capacitance and hardness measurements of the cured product before and after exposure to high humidity. The reversion resistance of the cured material was dependent upon the amount of a carbonyl functionality in the uncured potting compound. This relationship is an approach to assess the reversion resistance of these types of potting compounds.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 287
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 706-716 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: This is a study of materials which are positive-temperature-coefficient resistors. Such materials, composed of conductive particles dispersed in a crystalline polymeric matrix, have been found to be of limited stability. An example is carbon black in high-density polyethylene. On repeated cycling through the anomaly temperature or on extensive heating at or above the anomaly temperature, the room temperature resistivity rises and the anomaly height falls to zero. This phenomenon has been shown to be caused by the absorption of oxygen by the polymer matrix which alters the structure, reduces the crystallinity, and induces an unusual form of crosslinking of a reversible nature.
    Zusätzliches Material: 15 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 288
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 760-763 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The flux models can be used to accurately predict the transmission or absorption of radiant energy through an absorbing scattering plastic. The apparent absorbing and scattering coefficients are dependent upon the physical characteristics of the body and the incident radiation as well as the actual absorption and scattering coefficients of the material. The apparent interfacial reflectivity can be estimated from the degree of scattering within the material.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 289
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 773-777 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: A rheological investigation of the saturated fatty acids as lubricants for PVC was made in a Sieglaff-McKelvey rheometer over a wide temperature range. Results reveal that with an increase in carbon chain, fatty acids became more effective in reducing the melt viscosity of PVC. It was also discovered that the maximum viscosity variation due to these materials was observed at 350°F. At test temperatures of 400°F and above, no major viscosity differences were observed. Furthermore, the changes in the melt viscosity were more pronounced at shear rates less than 200 sec-1. The usefulness of the measured viscosity variations at the critical test temperature of 350°F was shown by extrusion. An excellent correlation between the apparent melt viscosity and extrusion melt temperature was found. The criticalness of the test temperature in assessing the effect of lubricants on PVC flow is discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 290
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 791-796 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: A theory is presented which describes the dynamics of blade-coating of a viscoelstic fluid onto a moving sheet. The method begins with the usual “lubrication” approximation, and develops the solution as a perturbation about the Newtonian case. Viscoelasticity is described by an empirical constitutive equation which shows non-Newtonian viscosity and finite normal stress behavior consistent with typical observations of polymeric fluids. Theoretical results indicate a small increase in coating thickness due to departure from Newtonian behavior, and a significant decrease in the magnitude of the pressure developed under the blade. Consequently, the blade loading can be reduced significantly by viscoelastic effects. The results for the loading may be an artifact of the specific constitutive model, since it can be shown that some viscoelastic fluids, specifically an “elastic Newtonian” fluid, would exhibit increased loading relative to the inelastic Newtonian case.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 291
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 806-809 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The flow and processing behavior of commercial plastics is determined not only by the characteristics of the base resin but also by the presence of additives of various kinds. In this study the influence of a number of additives on the rheological behavior of molten ABS was investigated using a capillary extrusion rheometer and a Weissenberg rheogoniometer. The additives studied included molding lubricants, rubber impact modifiers, flame-retardant additives, and residual unreacted components remaining from the polymerization process. The mechanisms by which these species affect flow characteristics are described.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 292
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 553-559 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: A theoretical model for melting in reciprocating screw injection molding machines is proposed. The model permits the calculation of the solid bed profile as a function of time during the injection cycle. It consists of a dynamic extrusion melting model for the rotation period, a transient heat conduction model with a phase transition for the screw rest period, and a proposed model for the drifting of the beginning of melting during the injection cycle.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 293
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 573-576 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The rheology of a high molecular weight polyisobutylene “Vistanex” L-80 is measured at 20°C under constant stress creep loading in simple shear and simple elongation and compared with published data for biaxial extension. These data can be reduced to a single curve by the application of simple geometric parameters and instability during extensional flows may be interpreted on the basis of the Considère construction. The results are further extended by dynamic measurements to estimate the viscoelastic response of this material over a time scale of nine orders of magnitude. The rheological response shows an approximately linear relationship with stress up to elongation strains of 1.0, and, because of this, the results do not illuminate the present controversy over the selection of different equations of state to represent non-linear polymer melt flow. However, this body of data, which the authors believe to be the most comprehensive presently available in terms of strain level and deformation geometry, does demonstrate that a viscoelastic polymer can respond to different deformation geometries in a simple manner.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 294
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 597-603 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Problems associated with single-lap shear testing of a structural epoxy adhesive are discussed relative to analyses of the epoxy by infrared spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, scanning electron microscopy and other instrumental methods. The value of analytical techniques for assessing the adhesive's cure are shown, including a peculiar correlation of lap shear bond strength with the adhesive's initial uncured state as defined by infrared spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography. This resulted in the development of definitive batch-to-batch adhesive quality control methods and specifications involving the water content, curing agent, and oxirane concentrations of the uncured system.
    Zusätzliches Material: 13 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 295
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 633-640 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The mechanical properties of a series of thermoplastics reinforced with unidirectionally oriented short fibers are reported. Both organic and inorganic fiber reinforcements were used in fiber volume fractions of 0.10 to 0.50. A number of these composites were found to have excellent strength and stiffness properties combined with good toughness and low density. The dependence of composite properties on the properties of the constituent materials is discussed. Fiber efficiency factors for strength and modulus are presented and models for predicting composite mechanical behavior are reviewed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 296
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 677-677 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: No. Abstract.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 297
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 687-690 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Rigid, glassy plastics differ over a wide range in the amount of energy they can absorb before fracturing under the influence of an applied stress. It is here proposed that molecular structure influences energy absorption more significantly by determining the onset of fracture than by its effect on the energy-dissipating processes themselves. Emphasis has been placed, therefore, on finding a relationship between molecular structure and the onset of fracture. Since many relationships between molecular structure and bulk mechanical response have already been established, it should be a useful step to relate the onset of fracture to bulk mechanical responses. The hypothesis is developed that the appropriate bulk property is the stress-deformation function of the material. The observed stress-deformation function is of such a nature that a highly non-homogeneous deformation is produced at any point of stress concentration. Typically, this is a narrow region in which the material is highly deformed while the deformation in adjacent material is still slight. Fracture initiation is postulated to occur in such a region of high deformation. Differences among polymers in the shape of the stress-deformation function are demonstrated experimentally. These differences correlate with tough-brittle behavior. An explanation is proposed in terms of the probability of fracture initiation.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 298
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 691-695 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: We wish to investigate the path dependence of yield processes in glassy polymers and to understand this dependence, if any, in terms of molecular mechanisms. To this end the effect of sudden strain-rate change on the yield behavior of bisphenol-A polycarbonate has been investigated. In the experiment, a specimen was initially deformed at a constant elongation rate R1; at an elongation Δlc the rate was suddenly changed to another constant elongation rate R2. R1 was either lower or higher than R2. The yield stress subsequent to the rate change was found to be lower than if the entire deformation was at R1. These results can be satisfactorily explained in terms of Robertson's theory of the yielding of glassy polymers if it is assumed that the “bond flexing” in his theory manifests itself in anelastic deformation.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 299
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 724-729 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: It was found after heating that the thermal expansion of polyurethane decreased markedly in several hundred hours at constant temperature; after cooling the thermal contraction decreased with time but more slowly. The role of cross-linking as a possible cause of this effect is discussed. Creep during the expanded phase after heating is shown to be much greater than creep after thermal expansion has stabilized at the same temperature. Experiments are described which suggest that the effect of temperature on creep results primarily from thermal expansion rather than from thermal oscillation.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 300
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 737-753 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Models of chain addition polymerizations have been analyzed for effects of reaction parameters on thermal behavior during reaction and, consequently, on properties of the polymer formed. Emphasis was placed on the investigation of thermal drift phenomena in particular. Several dimensionless parameters were identified and their role in predicting thermal behavior was established.
    Zusätzliches Material: 16 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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