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  • 1990-1994  (9)
  • 1955-1959  (4)
  • 1940-1944
  • particle bombardment
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fertile transgenic barley by particle bombardment of immature embryos (1994)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 24 (1994), S. 317-325 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: fertile transgenic barley ; gene transfer ; Hordeum vulgare ; neomycin phosphotransferase II ; particle bombardment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Transgenic, fertile barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) from the Finnish elite cultivar Kymppi was obtained by particle bombardment of immature embryos. Immature embryos were bombarded to the embryonic axis side and grown to plants without selection. Neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPTII) activity was screened in small plantlets. One out of a total of 227 plants expressed the transferred nptII gene. This plant has until now produced 98 fertile spikes (T0), and four of the 90 T0 spikes analyzed to date contained the nptII gene. These shoots were further analyzed and they expressed the transferred gene. From green grains, embryos were isolated and grown to plantlets (T1). The four transgenic shoots of Toivo (the T0 plant) produced 25 plantlets as T1 progeny. Altogether fifteen of these T1 plants carried the transferred nptII gene as detected with the PCR technique, fourteen of which expressed the nptII gene. The integration and inheritance of the transferred nptII gene was confirmed by Southern blot hybridization. Although present as several copies, the transferred gene was inherited as a single Mendelian locus into the T2 progeny.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00020170
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stable transformation ofArabidopsis with thebar gene using particle bombardment (1994)
    Springer
    Transgenic research 3 (1994), S. 279-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9368
    Keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana ; transgenic plants ; particle bombardment ; bar gene ; phosphinothricin acetyltransferase ; late-flowering mutant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A plasmid pARK 22 harbouring thebar gene encoding phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter and nopaline synthase (NOS) terminator was constructed and introduced into root sections ofArabidopsis thaliana using the pneumatic particle gun. The root sections that had been bombarded with this plasmid gave four to eight times higher yield of drug-resistant calluses than those sections bombarded with pCaMVNEO or pCH, which respectively contain the neomycin phosphotransferase and hygromycin phosphotransferase genes. Among a number of primary transformant (T0) plants obtained from independent bialaphos-resistant calluses, three were studied by Southern blot hybridization and PAT enzyme activity analyses, confirming the stable integration of the foreign gene into theArabidopsis genome and its expression in plants. The progeny analysis showed transmission of the foreign gene and its expression in up to the T2 generation. Some of the T1 progeny showed morphological abnormalities. Thus, thebar gene can be used effectively to allow selection of transgenicA. thalianna plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01973587
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of different promoter-sequences on transient expression of gus reporter gene in cultured barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cells (1993)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 12 (1993), S. 506-509 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: particle bombardment ; Hordeum vulgare L. ; promoter screening ; transient expression ; gus ; cereal transformation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The cauliflower mosaic virus 35S (35S) and the enhanced 35S (E35S) promoters fused with maize alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh1) intron1 or maize shrunken locus (sh1) intronl along with maize Adh1 and rice actin (Act1) promoters fused to their respective first introns were tested for transient expression of the E.coli β-glucuronidase (gus) reporter gene in cultured barley (Hordeum vulgare L) cells. The plasmids, carrying the respective promoterintron combinations to drive the gus fused to nopaline synthase (nos) terminator, were introduced into cultured barley cells using a particle gun. The rice Act1 promoter with its first intron gave the highest expression of all promoter intron combinations studied. This was followed by the E35S promoter and no significant differences were observed between the other two promoters tested. The rice actin promoter is now being used to drive selectable marker genes to obtain stably transformed cereal cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236096
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of the Particle Inflow Gun (1993)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 33 (1993), S. 237-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: embryogenic suspension culture ; Glycine max ; particle bombardment ; stable transformation ; transient expression ; Zea mays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A simple and inexpensive particle acceleration apparatus was designed for direct delivery of DNA to plant cells. The Particle Inflow Gun (PIG) is based on acceleration of DNA-coated tungsten particles directly in a helium steam. High levels of transient expression of theβ-glucuronidase gene were obtained following bombardment of embryogenic suspension cultures of maize and soybean, and leaf tissue of cowpea. Stable transformation of soybean and maize has also been obtained using this bombardment apparatus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02319007
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct DNA transfer using electric discharge particle acceleration (ACCELL™ technology) (1993)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 33 (1993), S. 227-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: dicot transformation ; monocot transformation ; particle bombardment ; transgenic cotton ; Gossypium hirsutum ; transgenic riceOryza sativa ; transgenic soybeanGlycine max
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Direct DNA transfer methods based on particle bombardment have revolutionized plant genetic engineering. Major agronomic crops previously considered recalcitrant to gene transfer have been engineered using variations of this technology. In many cases variety-independent and efficient transformation methods have been developed enabling application of molecular biology techniques to crop improvement. The focus of this article is the development and performance of electric discharge particle bombardment (ACCELL™) technology. Unique advantages of this methodology compared to alternative propulsion technologies are discussed in terms of the range of species and genotypes that have been engineered, and the high transformation frequencies for major agronomic crops that enabled the technology to move from the R&D phase to commercialization. Creation of transgenic soybeans, cotton, and rice will be used as examples to illustrate the development of variety-independent and efficient gene transfer methods for most of the major agronomic crops. To our knowledge, no other gene transfer method based on particle bombardment has resulted in variety-independent and practical generation of large numbers of independently-derived crop plants. ACCELL™ technology is currently being utilized for the routine transfer of valuable genes into elite germplasm of soybean, cotton, bean, rice, corn, peanut and woody species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02319006
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The biotechnology of crop legumes (1993)
    Springer
    Euphytica 74 (1993), S. 165-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: transgenic legumes ; genetic engineering ; particle bombardment ; Agrobacterium ; direct DNA transfer ; crop legumes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The absence of variety-independent gene transfer methods for major agronomic species has, until now, limited the usefulness of recombinant DNA techniques to crop improvement programs. Until recently, only Solanaceous crops could be used to study fundamental and applied problems in plant sciences. During the past five years rapid advances in cell biology, in combination with the development of novel gene transfer methodology allowed utilization of the tools of plant molecular biology in conventional breeding programs. Cereal and leguminous species were considered to be recalcitrant to genetic manipulation. As a result of the development of direct DNA transfer methodology into organized tissue, we are now in a position to introduce any foreign gene into almost all of the major cereals and legumes. This can be achieved efficiently, often in a variety-independent fashion. The object of this review is to provide a comprehensive account of the state of the art in gene transfer for the cultivated leguminous crops. Important oilseed and feed species primarily in industrialized countries, as well as minor but equally important species for sustaining growth populations in developing countries will be examined. Advantages of the various gene transfer methods that were shown to be useful for specific crops, as well as limitations and problems associated with each crop and gene transfer method will be discussed. Data from field trials of transgenic legumes, where available, will be presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00040399
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transgenic roots produced by introducing Ri-rol genes into cucumber cotyledons by particle bombardment (1993)
    Springer
    Transgenic research 2 (1993), S. 147-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9368
    Keywords: rol genes ; transgenic root ; Cucumis sativus ; particle bombardment ; hairy root
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Transformed roots ofCucumis sativus were obtained from cotyledon tissues that had been bombarded with gold particles coated with plasmid pE7.4 using a pneumatic particle gun. This plasmid containsrolA, rolB, rolC genes and ORF 13 of the 7.4 kbEco RI fragment of T-DNA of pRi 1724 isolated fromAgrobacterium rhizogenes MAF 03-01724. The nature of the tissue and the composition of the culture media used greatly influenced the recovery of transformed roots. The transgenic nature of the derived roots was confirmed by the vigorous. highly-branched growth seen on a phytohormone-free medium. The stable integration ofrol genes into the cucumber genome was confirmed by Southern blot analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01972608
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated expression ofgusA in maize tissues (1993)
    Springer
    Transgenic research 2 (1993), S. 252-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9368
    Keywords: Agrobacterium tumefaciens ; maize ; GUS ; gusA/intron ; particle bombardment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract To develop a system forAgrobacterium-mediated transformation of maize (Zea mays L.), we have investigated histochemically the transient expression of β-glucuronidase (GUS) activity in maize seedling tissue segments using binary vectors that allow minimal (pKIWI105 and pCNL1) or undetectable (p35S-GUS-INT and pCNL56) levels of GUS activity inA. tumefaciens. Tissue segments from three- to five-day-old sterile seedlings of maize genotype A188 were inoculated withA. tumefaciens. Four days after inoculation, transient expression of GUS activity was found in mesocotyl segments originating from the intercalary meristem region. This GUS activity was specific to the vascular cylinder and was not found in the internal cortical or epidermal layers, nor was it found in mature mesocotyl tissue (segments 5 mm below the coleoptilar node). Transient GUS activity was also detected in leaf and coleoptile tissues of shoot segments, but not in the shoot apexper se or in leaves younger than the first leaf. Maize tissues inoculated withA. tumefaciens strains that harbourgusA-containing binary vectors but no Ti-plasmid did not show GUS activity, supporting evidence from previous work thatvir gene activity was essential for the observed GUS activity.A. tumefaciens strains containing different types of Ti-plasmids were also tested. A strain harbouring an agropine-type Ti-plasmid was the most effective for expressing GUS activity in mesocotyl segments, whereas a strain harboring a nopaline-type Ti-plasmid was most effective for expression of GUS activity in the apical meristem-containing segment. These results indicate that different interactions occurred between the differentA. tumefaciens strains and the susceptible plant tissues. Maize genotype specificity for GUS activity in mesocotyl tissues was observed; variations in the cocultivation medium had a profound effect on the frequency of expression of GUS activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01968838
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Particle bombardment-mediated transient expression of a Brazil nut methionine-rich albumin in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (1992)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 20 (1992), S. 357-359 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: Brazil nut ; 2S albumin gene ; gene transfer ; Phaseolus vulgaris ; particle bombardment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) mature embryos were transformed using biolistic methods with a plasmid containing 2S albumin and β-glucuronidase structural sequences, both under the control of the 35S CaMV promoter. We have shown that chimaeric tissues could be obtained and that both structural sequences were expressed to similar levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00014508
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic engineering of cereal crop plants: a review (1955)
    Springer
    Euphytica 85 (1955), S. 35-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: cereals ; protoplast transformation ; tissue electroporation ; particle bombardment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Many aspects of basic and applied problems in plant biology can be investigated by transformation techniques. In dicotyledonous species, the ability to generate transgenic plants provides the tools for an understanding of plant gene function and regulation as well as for the directed transfer of genes of agronomic interest. For many dicotyledonous plants Agrobacterium tumefaciens can be routinely used to introduce foreign DNA into their genome. However, cereals seem to be recalcitrant to Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. In cereals, many efforts have been made in recent years to establish reliable transformation techniques. Several transformation techniques have been developed but to date only three methods have been found to be suitable for obtaining transgenic cereals: transformation of totipotent protoplasts, particle bombardment of regenerable tissues and, more recently, tissue electroporation. The current state of transformation methods used for cereals will be reviewed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023928
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transformation studies in Hordeum vulgare using a highly regenerable microspore system (1955)
    Springer
    Euphytica 85 (1955), S. 113-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Hordeum vulgare ; isolated microspores ; particle bombardment ; transformation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A highly regenerable, isolated microspore system for barley, Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Igri, has been developed which is amenable to transformation studies using particle bombardment. The system allows DNA to be delivered to microspores at the single cell stage and both transient and stable transformation events have been demonstrated. The potential advantages of using isolated microspores as the target tissue in routine transformation systems are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023938
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transgenic barley by particle bombardment. Inheritance of the transferred gene and characteristics of transgenic barley plants (1955)
    Springer
    Euphytica 85 (1955), S. 81-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: gene transfer ; Hordeum vulgare ; neomycin phosphotransferase II ; particle bombardment ; transgenic barley
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Transgenic barley plants (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Kymppi) were obtained by particle bombardment of various tissues. Immature embryos and microspore-derived cultures were bombarded with gold particles coated with plasmid DNA carrying the gene coding for neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPTII), together with plasmid DNA containing the gene for β-glucuronidase (GUS). Bombarded immature embryos were grown to plants without selection and NPTII activity was screened in small plantlets. One plant proved to be transgenic (T0). This chimeric plant passed the transferred nptII gene to its T1 progeny. The presence of the nptII gene was demonstrated by the PCR technique and enzyme activity was analyzed by an NPTII gel assay. Four T0 spikes and 15 T1 offspring were transgenic. The integration and inheritance was confirmed by Southern blot hybridization. Transgenic T2 and T3 plants were produced by isolating embryos from green grains of transgenic T1 and T2 plants, respectively and growing them to plants. After selfing, the ratio of transgenic to non-transgenic T2 offspring was shown to follow the rule of Mendelian inheritance. The general performance of transgenic plants was normal and no reduction in fertility was observed. Microspore-derived cultures were bombarded one and four weeks after microspore isolation. After bombardment, cultures were grown either with or without antibiotic selection (geneticin R or kanamycin). When cultures were grown without selection and regenerated plants were transferred to kanamycin selection in rooting phase, one out of a total of about 1500 plants survived. This plant both carried and expressed the transferred nptII gene. The integration was confirmed by Southern blot hybridization. This plant was not fertile.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023933
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strategies for variety-independent genetic transformation of important cereals, legumes and woody species utilizing particle bombardment (1955)
    Springer
    Euphytica 85 (1955), S. 13-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: gene transfer ; crop species ; particle bombardment ; transgenic plants ; cereals ; legumes ; woody plants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The limiting component in the creation of transgenic crops has been the lack of effective means to introduce foreign genes into elite germplasm. However, the development of novel direct DNA transfer methodology, by-passing limitations imposed by Agrobacterium-host specificity and cell culture constraints, has allowed the engineering of almost all major crops, including formerly recalcitrant cereals, legumes and woody species. The creation of transgenic rice, wheat, maize, barley, oat, soybean, phaseolus, peanut, poplar, spruce, cotton and others, in an efficient and in some cases, variety-independent fashion, is a significant step towards the routine application of recombinant DNA methodology to the improvement of most important agronomic crops. In this review we will focus on key elements and advantages of particle bombardment technology in order to evaluate its impact on the accelerated commercialization of products based on agricultural biotechnology and its utility in studying basic plant developmental processes and function through transgenesis. Fundamental differences between conventional gene transfer methods, utilizing Agrobacterium vectors or protoplast/suspension cultures, and particle bombardment will be discussed in depth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023926
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