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  • 1985-1989  (1,358)
  • 1986  (1,358)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (943)
  • Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics  (324)
  • Biochemistry  (91)
Material
Years
  • 1985-1989  (1,358)
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 88 (1986), S. 1-11 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Ro 15-1788 ; Benzodiazepine antagonist ; Behaviour ; Electrophysiology ; Biochemistry ; Neurology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The imidazodiazepine Ro 15-1788 is a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist that was initially reported to be lacking in intrinsic activity in a variety of test situations in which benzodiazepine-like effects can be identified. However, many recent studies have shown that this compound does indeed have intrinsic activity in a variety of behavioural, neurological, electrophysiological and biochemical preparations in both animals and man. The purpose of the present review is firstly to describe these intrinsic actions, and secondly to consider to what extent these intrinsic actions of Ro 15-1788 have implications for current concepts of the functioning of the benzodiazepine receptor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 64 (1986), S. 342-347 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Myoadenylate deaminase deficiency ; Histochemistry ; Biochemistry ; Metabolic myopathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This report concerns two unrelated males; one had sarcoidosis, sarcoid myopathy and muscle weakness, and the other had exercise-induced weakness and myalgia. Both patients had a lack of ammonia rise in their serum after an ischemic work test, minimal histochemical activity of myoadenylate deaminase in repeated muscle biopsies, and less than 5% of normal biochemical activity of myoadenylate deaminase in their skeletal muscles. These three criteria establish primary myoadenylate deaminase deficiency as a separate primary metabolic muscle disease which merits differential diagnostic consideration when patients complain of muscle weakness and cramps.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of nuclear medicine 12 (1986), S. S70 
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Positron emission tomography ; Biochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 154-160 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Supercritical fluid chromatography ; Ion mobility detection ; Tunable, selective detection ; Fourier transform-ion mobility spectrometry ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Using a unidirectional flow ion mobility detector, non-selective detection, tunable selective detection, and complete Fourier transformed ion mobility spectra were successfully obtained after supercritical fluid chromatography on compounds with higher molecular weights than have been previously investigated. In the most selective mode, single oligomers from polymeric material could be independently detected. Using the Fourier transform capabilities of this instrument, complete ion mobility spectra for each oligomer could be obtained in a single chromatographic separation. The collection of individual ion mobility spectra of the components of polymeric material has not been possible prior to the technique described in this paper. Only complex ion mobility spectra of polymeric mixtures are available in the literature. The spectra obtained in this study are all simple, uncomplicated spectra consisting of only one or two product ion peaks. Ko values reported in this work range from 0.633 to 1.61, which are some of the lowest values ever reported in ion mobility spectrometry.With the unidirectional flow design of the detector, the supercritical fluid mobile phase, carbon dioxide, was efficiently eliminated from the detector so that the ion mobility spectrometer could be operated in its normal manner. The fact that CO2 did not interfere with normal ion mobility operation indicates that other supercritical fluids may also be compatible with this sensitive and versatile detection method.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 186-187 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 89-94 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Capillary columns ; Mass spectrometry ; Autoderivatization ; Cyclophosphamide ; 4-Ketocyclophosphamide ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The selectivity of a capillary gas chromatographic assay for the anti-neoplastic and immunosuppressive agent cyclophosphamide (CPA) towards one of its naturally occurring metabolites, i.e. 4-ketocyclophosphamide (4-keto CPA), has been studied. Mass spectrometry studies showed that a cyclization product of 4-keto-CPA can form using the same chromatographic conditions as those under which CPA was determined. However, the amount produced is relatively small (less than 10%) compared with the percentage produced from CPA. Furthermore, both cyclization products, formed by loss of HCI and intraalkylation of the parent compounds, can be separated well under suitable chromatographic conditions.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 300-301 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography, RP-HPLC ; Transition metal ions ; EDTA as complexing agent ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 308-309 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: High performance liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Reverse phase ; Internal standard ; Trimellitic anhydride ; Air sample ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 194-197 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986) 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 213-217 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary supercritical fluid chromatography ; Injection system ; Polycyclic aromatic compounds ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A sample introduction system for capillary supercritical fluid chromatography, which allows the dissolution of the sample in the supercritical mobile phase before being introduced into the column, was constructed and evaluated. Supercritical n-pentane was shown to solvate high-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic compounds that could not be solvated using typical liquid solvents. In addition, split injection of a supercritical fluid solution was found to be more reproducible than split injections of a liquid solution. The potential of such an injection system was demonstrated, although further developments are needed in order to make the technique of practically utility.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986) 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Fast high-performance liquid chromatography ; Plasma and urine analysis ; Solid-phase extraction ; β-Glucuronide conjugation ; Anti-brain-edema agent ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A simple and rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of R[(5,6-Dichloro-2,3,9,9a-tetrahydro-3-oxo-9a-propyl-1-H-fluoren-7-yl)oxy]acetic acid (I) in human plasma and urine is described. The method utilizes Bond-Elut® cartridge facilitate the drug extraction. Analysis is performed on a short reversed-phase column with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and phosphate buffer and quantification is carried out by ultraviolet detection with a wave-length set at 340 nm. The method is linear and reproducible for both plasma and urine analyses (0.25-50) μg/mL) with the detection limit of 125 ng/mL of plasma and urine. Plasma and urine concentrations of / at selected time intervals following I.V. administration of single rising doses are presented.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 328-334 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; GC/MS ; Fused silica (capillary) columns ; Retention index data ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Retention indices of standard organic compounds of environmental interest were determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, using a DB-5 fused-silica capillary column. Retention indices are useful references for tentative compound identification by gas chromatography, or confirmation by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. They provide elution order for isomers that might be indistinguishable based on mass spectra. Modified Kovats and Lee retention indices are given for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; sulfur heterocycles; nitrogen heterocycles; aromatic amines; oxygen heterocycles; phenols; alcohols; ketones; alkanes; nitriles; and methylesters of fatty, dicarboxylic, and aromatic acids for comparison and reference. Retention index values for heterocycles by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry are comparable with gas chromatography values previously reported.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 250-252 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: High performance liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Semi-microbore columns ; Refractive index detection ; Extra-column dispersion ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 255-257 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; UV detector ; Flow cell ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 266-271 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Fused silica capillary column ; Bonded phase ; Pesticides ; Retention index ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new gas chromatographic (GC) retention index based on a homologous series of tri-n-alkylamines is proposed for use in the detection of pesticides and related compounds because the standard n-paraffin hydrocarbons used for the Kovats index do not show up well on the nitrogen-phosphorus detectors commonly used in pesticide analysis. Using fused silica bonded phase capillary columns (DB-1 or DB-5), the trialkylamine indices of 106 selected pesticides and related compounds were measured and their relationship to the Kovats index determined.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 285-288 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Thin-layer chromatography ; Continuous development ; ΔRf ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Equations for predicting analysis time in thin-layer chromatography as a function of spot separation, solvent velocity constant, ΔRf and Rf, are presented and discussed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 298-300 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary gas-liquid chromatography ; Stationary phase focusing ; Thermal focusing ; Joule-Thomson effect ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 596-597 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GCMS ; Curie-point pyrolysis ; Biomaterials ; Biomass ; Foodstuffs ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 21
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: High resolution gas chromatography ; Nitrogen/phosphorus detector ; Doxylamine metabolites ; Antihistamines ; Rhesus monkey ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A high resolution gas chromatographic method is described for the separation of rhesus monkey urinary metabolites of doxylamine with the use of on-column injection, a fused silica column (DB-1701), and nitrogen/phosphorus detection. An ancillary separation of doxylamine and six other antihistamines is also presented.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 30-34 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Nickel capillary columns ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Electroformed nickel tubing was deactivated by chemical vapor deposition of silicon from silane gas and subsequent treatment with cyclooctamethyltetrasiloxane (D4). Standard activity tests performed on the uncoated tube and also on columns coated with crosslinked and uncrosslinked, nonpolar stationary phase, show that good quality flexible columns can be prepared from nickel tubing. The inner surface of the silicon coated tube was characterized by Auger depth profile analysis.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 39-43 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Fused silica capillary columns ; Parallel triple detection ; Diesel fuels ; Polyaromatic hydrocarbons ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Diesel fuels from different parts of the UK have been analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), nitrogen-containing PAH, and sulfur-containing PAH using capillary column GC with simultaneous parallel triple detection. The concentrations of polyaromatic compounds (PAC) were high and showed considerable variability amongst the fuels. The PAH are mainly naphthalene, fluorene, and phenanthrene and their alkylated homologs; the PANH are mainly carbazole and its methyl derivatives; the PASH are mainly dibenzothiophene and its methyl derivatives.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 59-60 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Fused silica capillary columns ; Discrimination ; Moving needle injector ; Splitless injector ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986) 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 78-83 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography Chemometrics ; Capillary columns ; Orange oils ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Orange essence oils of the Navel and Valencia variety were analyzed by GC and GC/MS using two parallel capillary columns of different selectivity. Data were normalized, converted into a computer compatible format, and transferred via an asynchronous communications interface to a mainframe computer for statistical treatment, using the chemometrics software package ARTHUR. After suitable preprocessing of the raw data, reliable classification was possible. It appears that four substances which are present in both varieties can be used for that purpose.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986) 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 44-48 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Fused silica capillary columns ; Fourier Transform Ion Mobility Spectrometry ; Ion mobility detector ; Barbiturates ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This paper demonstrates a novel operating mode of an ion mobility detector (IMD) for obtaining both qualitative and quantitative data after capillary gas chromatographic separation of 5,5′-disubstituted barbiturates. Using a recently developed time dispersive Fourier transform method for ion mobility spectrometry, complete ion mobility spectra could be obtained for each component in the chromatogram. This type of spectra can be used for providing qualitative information on unknown compounds or for selecting the proper detector conditions needed when operating in the continuous mobility monitoring mode.In this study each of the five barbiturates investigated produced a Fourier transformed ion mobility spectrum containing one major product ion. When drift times corresponding to those of the product ions measured in the FT mode were monitored continuously, selective chromatographic detection of the barbiturates was achieved. In one case even isomers could be differentiated based on mobility characteristics.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 29
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 68-68 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 106-110 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Fused silica capillary columns ; Eigenvector projection ; Pygeum africanum bark ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The components of Pygeum africanum bark extracts, used for the treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy, were characterized by high resolution gas chromatography (HRGC) and mass spectrometry (MS). Among various compounds n-docosyl trans-ferulate was identified and quantitated by HRGC as a derivative of n-docosanol, which is considered to be one of the active components of the extract. The origin of different Pygeum a. extracts can be studied by eigenvector projection of HRGC profiles with computer assistance.
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  • 31
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 120-121 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns, glass ; Persilylation ; Polar, inert columns ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 32
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986) 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 33
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 137-144 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary supercritical fluid chromatography, SFC ; Detection techniques ; Ancillary methods ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This article reviews the current status and developmental trends in detection for supercritical fluid chromatography. The “GC-like” and “LC-like” detection techniques are treated separately, while the needs of structural identification techniques for SFC separations are emphasized.
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  • 34
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 168-171 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Supercritical fluids ; Infrared spectrometry ; Solvent elimination ; Microscopy ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The feasibility of supercritical fluid chromatography/Fourier transform-infrared (SFC/FT-IR) microspectrometry is presented. In this approach to SFC/FT-IR, the chromatographic eluates are aspirated from the restrictor directly onto the surface of a moving window which then passes into the beam focus of an infrared microscope. Because the mobile phase is gaseous at ambient conditions, elimination of the mobile phase is easily accomplished. Detection limits in all interfaces between a chromatograph and an FT-IR spectrometer in which the mobile phase is eliminated are determined in large part by the area over which the sample is deposited. We have shown that SFC eluates can be condensed at ambient temperature into spots of 100 to 200μm in diameter. The microscope interface therefore serves to increase the sensitivity of the SFC/FT-IR measurements of these spots and detection limits in the low nanogram range are possible. Preliminary results obtained before any real attempts were made to optimize the deposition process indicate that identifiable spectra can be obtained in real time at the 50 ng level for chromatographic separations performed with a 100μm i.d. wall coated open tubular column. Reproducible reconstructed chromatograms are obtained as each deposited eluate travels through the beam focus of the microscope. The concentration profile of deposited peaks was determined by IR measurements performed at 50 μm increments over the width of the peak to ascertain the deposition size. The results described in this paper, while not yet optimized, indicate the great potential of SFC/FT-IR microspectrometry.
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  • 35
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 260-260 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 36
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986) 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 37
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 84-88 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography ; Fused silica capillaries ; Micro-HPLC ; Gradient elution ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Fused-silica microparticulate packed columns are demonstrated to have equal or better separation efficiency and resolving power than conventional 4.6 mm i.d. packed columns. While neither separation efficiency nor resolving power is an inherent consequence of capillary column use, there re potential advantages of using fused-silica capillary columns, particularly when microparticulate particles of 1 to 5 üm are used in the gradient elution mode. Gradient elution techniques compatible with flow rates below 30 μL/min are discussed. Spli-flow gradient elution of twenty PTH amino acids using 10 and 40 cm × 0.54 mm i.d. columns packed with 4 μm Micro-Pak PTH-AA particles is demonstrated. Detection limits of 0.1-0.3 picomoles are meaured for PTH amino acids and 0.01-0.02 picomoles for tricyclic antidepressant drugs.
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  • 38
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 111-115 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, LC ; Exclusion chromatography ; Glass microcolumns ; Protein association ; Surfactants ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The application of microcolumn exclusion chromatography to the determination of equilibrium and kinetic association constants for proteins is described. Taking phospholipase A2 as an example, the relationship between association and enzymatic activity was investigated. A procedure for determination of the critical concentration of micelle formation (CCM) in surfactants was developed.
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  • 39
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 122-124 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Nonsuppressed ion exchange ; Conductivity ; Detectability ; Inorganic anions ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 40
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 127-128 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Reversed-phase HPLC ; Metal chelates ; 8-Hydroxyquinolinates ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 41
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 161-167 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Supercritical fluid chromatography ; Thermionic detection ; Nitrated polycyclic aromatic compounds ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A thermionic detector was evaluated for capillary supercritical fluid chromatography of polar nitro-containing polycyclic aromatic compounds (nitro-PAC). Three modes of detector operation were studied. The best performance was obtained using a nitro-selective mode of detection. Although linearity was confined to a narrow range for a given source current, the sensitivity was excellent; 20 pg injected for p-nitrophenol gave a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. Conventional thermionic detection also produced good sensitivity; however, serious baseline drift was observed at high operating temperatures using density programming. A third mode, flame thermionic detection, was not acceptable because of low sensitivity. A number of nitro-PAC were successfully chromatographed using density programming at 101°C. Hydroxynitropyrenes, nitropyrene quinones, and 9-hydroxy-2-nitrofluorene, which could not be eluted in capillary gas chromatography, were successfully chromatographed here. Retention of these compounds increased sequentially on 50% n-octyl-, 5% phenyl-, and 25% biphenyl polysiloxane stationary phases, respectively. Stationary phase interactions appeared to be more a function of the polar functional groups on the aromatic rings than of the hydrocarbon character of the compounds. Solute solubility in the mobile phase and volatility were additional factors contributing to the elution of these molecules. Finally, these results were used to identify a number of nitro-PAC in a polar subfraction of a diesel particulate extract.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 42
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 178-181 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Supercritical-fluid chromatography ; Polyglycerol esters ; Derivatization ; Capillary columns ; Flame ionization detector ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Separations of polyglycerol esters containing 3-5 hydroxyl groups and of their silyl derivatives are demonstrated on DB-1 and DB-17 columns. Useful chromatograms are produced in every case. However, the chromatograms are improved on derivatization. The extent of improvement realized increases with the number of free hydroxyl groups per molecule.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 43
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 208-208 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 44
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 515-517 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Fused silica capillary column ; Electron impact mass spectrometry ; Linear retention indices ; Dinitrofluoranthenes ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This paper reports the retention indices of eighteen of the possible twenty-five dinitrofluoranthene isomers.
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  • 45
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 502-505 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Trace analysis ; Light hydrocarbons ; Ambient air ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A previously described method for the quantitative analysis of C2 - C6 hydrocarbons in the ppt range based on cryogenic preconcentration has been improved further. Problems caused by condensation of O2 and traces of water from the sample were overcome using a modified dyring procedure and a tandem preconcentration trap. In addition, the flow path through the unit was simplified further. Technical details are given. The reproducibility of both quantitative results and retention times was improved by these modifications. Typical standard deviations were in the order of 2% at the 200 ppt level.
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  • 46
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 525-527 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Supercritical fluid chromatography, SFC ; Eluent composition gradients ; Temperature gradients ; Resolution ; Optimization ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 47
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 533-534 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Microcolumn HPLC ; Reversed phase chromatography ; Humic substances ; Fulvic acid ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 48
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 542-543 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 49
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 561-565 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Pharmacokinetics ; Quantification in human plasma ; Bronchosecretolyticum ; Separation from metabolites ; Ambroxol ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The bronchosecretolytic drug ambroxol can be reliably quantified in human plasma by high performance liquid chromatography. Plasma is buffered alkaline, extracted with ether, and the organic solvent back-extracted with diluted acid. An automatically sampled aliquot is separated by reversed phase HPLC; the analyte is well separated from two metabolites that interfered strongly in earlier methods. UV detection at 230 nm enables a lower limit of quantitation of 5 ng/ml. Internal standardization with propranolol allows accurate and precise quantification. Evaluation of the optimized combination of mobile and stationary phase is described, and application of the method to experimental and clinical pharmacokinetic studies is illustrated.
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  • 50
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 518-523 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Coupled HPLC-GC ; Concurrent solvent evaporation ; Loop-type interface ; Raspberry ketone ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Presently, two coupling techniques are used for directly introducing HPLC fractions into capillary GC: The retention gap technique (involving negligible or partially concurrent solvent evaporation) and fully concurrent solvent evaporation. While the former involves use of a conventional on-column injector, it is now proposed that concurrent solvent evaporation technique be carried out using a switching valve with a built-in sample loop. The technique is based on the concept that the carrier gas pushes the HPLC eluent into the GC capillary against its own vapor pressure, generated by a column temperature slightly exceeding the solvent boiling point at the carrier gas inlet pressure. Further improvement of the technique is achieved by flow regulation of the carrier gas (accelerated solvent evaporation) and backflushing of the sample valve (improved solvent peak shape).Concurrent solvent evaporation using the loop-type interface is easy to handle, allows transfer of very large volumes of HPLC eluent (exceeding 1 ml), and renders solvent evaporation very efficient, allowing discharge of the vapors of 1 ml of solvent through the column within 5-10 min.
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  • 51
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 345-349 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Isothermal vs programmed indices ; Coefficient of index increase ; Equivalent isothermal temperature ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A systematic approach was utilized to deduce the relation between the programmed and isothermal retention indices in chromatography. The relation was given in the form of a chart from which the equivalent isothermal temperature Te is plotted vs ΔT′ with IP as the parameter. ΔT′ is a function of both the inlet and outlet temperatures during the temperature programmed run and Te is the temperature at which the isothermal index is equal to the programmed index IP.
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  • 52
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 362-363 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Back fat of pigs ; Skatole ; Indole ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 53
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 388-391 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Cryogenic GC ; Capillary, fused silica ; Sulfur gases ; Water alterations of phase polarity ; Reverse solvent effect ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Data are presented to illustrate putative water effects on the retention times and peak shapes for seven sulfur-containing compounds when determined by sub-ambient FSOT capillary GC/FPD. The observations are consistent with explanations based upon reported “phase soaking” and “reverse solvent effect” phenomena.
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  • 54
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 405-407 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary GC ; Solvent effects ; Solvent trapping ; Phase soaking ; Large sample volumes ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 55
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 602-604 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: HPLC ; Amino acids ; Dansyl chloride derivatization ; Infusion solution ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 56
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 623-626 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Column liquid chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Refractive index detection ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An existing commercial refractive index detector was modified for use with slurry-packed capillary column LC systems. The cell gasket of the original detector cell was replaced by a micro cell gasket giving a volume of 0.8 μL. The relationship between detector response and the amount of sample injected was examined. The limit of detection was 2-3 ng for di-n-pentyl phthalate.
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  • 57
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 423-425 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 58
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 426-428 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 59
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 441-445 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Thick film capillaries ; Aqueous injection ; Organic solvents in water ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The purpose of this work was to assess the suitability of nonpolar very thick-film capillaries for the analysis of organic solvents in water. We investigated the major factors influencing the analytical results, namely: film-thickness; amount of water injected; and analysis temperature.
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  • 60
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 679-682 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Fused silica capillaries ; Deactivation ; Silylation ; Aerobic conditions ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new, simple procedure to deactivate fused silica capillaries without hydrothermal treatment is proposed. Based on high temperature reactions of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) in the presence of oxygen, this procedure results, upon coating with dimethylsilicone (SE-30), in columns which give almost symmetric peaks for as little as 150 pg of critical compounds, such as decylamine, thereby demonstrating very high inertness. A mechanism of the deactivation procedure, which, in contrast to previously developed procedures, is based on thermal reactions under aerobic conditions, is proposed.
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  • 61
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 102-105 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Pharmacokinetics ; Quantitation in human serum ; Antidiabeticum ; Glibenclamide ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The antidiabetic drug glibenclamide can be reliably quantitated in human serum with high performance liquid chromatography. The serum is buffered and extracted with toluene. The organic solvent is evaporated, the residue dissolved in the mobile phase and an aliquot sampled automatically and chromatographed. UV-detection at 229 m allows a lower limit of quantitation of 5 ng/ml. Precise handling of exact volumes facilitates external calibration. Statistical data for imprecision and inaccuracy are given and illustrate reliable quantification. Application of the method to experimental and clinical pharmacokinetic studies with specific problems is illustrated.
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  • 62
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 115-115 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 63
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 129-130 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 64
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 136-136 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 65
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 193-194 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 66
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 182-185 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Supercritical fluid chromatography ; Lipids ; Bacterial glycerol tetraethers ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The analysis of bacterial glycerol tetraethers by capillary supercritical fluid chromatography is described. Complete separation of ethers, differing only by the number of cyclopentane rings present in the isopranyl side chains could be achieved. On a 50% methylphenylpolysiloxane coated capillary, the ethers eluted in the order of increasing cyclopentane content. The analysis revealed the presence of two previously unreported structural isomers of glycerol tetraethers. The method can be used qualitatively and quantitatively as a fast and sensitive screening test for such compounds in living organisms and sedimentary organic matter.
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  • 67
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986) 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 68
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 357-358 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary column, glass ; Large on-column injection ; Retention gap ; Diethyl-dithiocarbamate-metal chelate analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 69
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 361-361 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Preparative gel-chromatography ; Quantitative analysis of polycarbonates ; Hydrolysis of polycarbonates ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 70
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 224-235 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Thin-layer chromatography, HPTLC ; Biological matrices ; Fluorimetric detection ; Selenium ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The present determination of selenium in biological matrices by HPTLC with in situ fluorimetric detection is an accurate alternative method, comparable to other established methods such as photometry, polarography, neutron activation, or X-ray fluorescence analysis, gas chromatography, and atomic absorption spectrometry.The excellent sensitivity of this procedure is proved by the detection limit of 250 fg of selenium per spot (using purified 2,3,1-naphthoselenodiazole). The oxidation of organic matrices, applying a novel digestion procedure, may be carried out with little instrumental expenditure.Sample preparation steps, such as the oxidation of selenium to Se (VI) and subsequent reduction to Se (IV) do not lead to significant random or systematic errors, nor does the digestion step, if an optimized procedure is used.A recovery rate of 103% and nearly parallel calibration curves for digested selenocysteine standards compared with spiked human serum samples demonstrate the accurate quantitative preparation of a biological matrix. Any interfering metal ions can be masked by addition of chelate-forming reagents.
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  • 71
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 73-77 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary supercritical fluid chromatography ; Fast analysis ; Nonvolatile analytes ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Capillary supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) is proving to be a viable and useful separation method for thermally labile and nonvolatile materials. As with other capillary chromatographic techniques, very fast separations can be accomplished by sacrificing total efficiency and optimizing the conditions for rapid analysis. This is achieved using short, small-bore capillary columns, increased mobile phase linear velocities and very fast pressure programming rates. These principles are demonstrated for the rapid separation of selected component systems.
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  • 72
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 289-290 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 73
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 295-297 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas-liquid chromatography, GC ; Fused silica tubing ; Connector ; Coupling ; Press-fit ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 74
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 304-305 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: HPLC ; Non-porous supports ; Tetra-ortho silicates ; Commercial supports ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 75
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986) 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 76
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 452-455 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid adsorption chromatography ; Mixed mobile phases ; Surface activity coefficients ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: General equations describing adsorption from solutions on solids and liquid adsorption chromatography with mixed mobile phases are formulated in terms of the bulk and surface activity coefficeints. Definition of the surface activity coefficients is extended; they describe nonideality of surface solution due to difference in molecular interactions of the components as well as nonideality of this solution generated by the adsorbent heterogeneity. It is shown that the above general equations predict simpler expressions known already in the literature.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 464-465 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: High-performance liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Liquid chromatography at subambient temperatures ; Steroids ; Increased resolution by cooling ; Effect of cooling on retention time ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 78
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    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Theory ; Mathematical dead time ; Methylphenylsiloxane stationary phases ; Constants of the n-alkane retention time curve ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The column dead time and the constants of the n-alkane retention time curve in gas-liquid chromatography are calculated by the Wentworth iterative method on series of OV polymethylphenylsilicones with an increasing percentage of phenyl substituent. The values obtained are in good agreement with those calculated by the methods of Gröbler and Kaiser and with the experimental ones reported in the literature for stationary phases studied at 120°C and 150°C. The scatter of experimental retention times of n-alkanes and tM and b and c and Kováts retention indices are calculated.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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  • 79
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns, glass ; OV-240-H, 33% cyanopropyl ; Immobilization by condensation ; Crosslinker, dimethyltetramethoxysiloxane ; in situ methylation, diazomethane ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Coating intensely leached glass capillaries with OV-240-OH, the most polar commercially available OH-terminated polysiloxane phase at the present time, is described. Beside chemical bonding of the phase via condensation with silanol groups of the support, additional immobilization using dimethyltetramethoxysiloxane as a crosslinker is carried out. After in situ methylation of the immobilized coating, and transformation of acidic impurities of the cyanopropyl substituted phase into the respective methyl esters, increased inertness of the column was observed. Working instructions are given, and processes involved are discussed.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 80
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    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 366-372 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 81
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 383-387 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Dual capillary gas chromatography ; Alcohols ; MTBE ; Gasolines ; Additives ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A gas chromatographic method has been developed for the identification and direct determination of alcohols and methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) in gasolines. The technique involves simultaneous injection of the gasoline without any sample preparation onto two fused silica capillary columns of differing polarities. The method permits simultaneous determinations of methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, tert-butanol, 1-propanol, sec-butanol, 1-butanol, and MTBE. By using an automatic sampler in combination with electronic pressure programming and BASIC programming, the determinations were performed automatically and reproducibly with a relatively short analysis time.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 82
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 409-410 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Reversed phase ; MAPS phase ; Explosives ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 83
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 417-419 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Normal phase ; Bonded phases ; Mercaptopropyl silica gels ; Donor-acceptor complexes ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 84
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 434-434 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 85
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 446-451 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns, fused silica ; Retention index library ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: During the development of a GC retention index library very rigorous standard parameters were used in the SADTLER laboratories. Because most chromatographers presumably have their “favourite” and well-proven columns a study has been carried out on how to make use of them for standard index generation. Variables such as column geometry, split ratio, and film thickness were examined and the calculated indices were compared to some “basic” values. Splitless and cool on-column injection techniques were also investigated and comparable temperature programming indices have been obtained. Finally, standard index values of 53 volatile halogenated hydrocarbons measured on very thick-film bonded fused silica capillary columns are tabulated.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 86
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 474-476 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary GC ; Dead volume FPD ; Peak shape ; Sulfur gases ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 87
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    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 485-488 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 88
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986) 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 89
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 506-514 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Supercritical fluid chromatography, SFC ; Deactivation ; Gas chromatography, GC ; Small diameter capillary columns ; Organosilicon hydrides ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Small diameter fused silica capillary columns (50-75 μm i.d.) were deactivated at relatively low temperatures (250-300°C) with a mixture of polymethylhydrosiloxanes and several lowmolecular-weight organosilicon hydrides. Reproducible surface deactivations of highest quality were achieved with the polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS) reagent. Deactivations performed with PMHS via dynamic coating with neat or diluted reagent were evaluated by gas chromatography. Deactivations achieved with organosiloxane mono-, tri-, and tetrahydrides were also evaluated and compared. Low-molecular-weight organosilicon hydride deactivations were less time consuming and required lower head pressures for filling and coating columns with the reagent. Critical surface tensions of capillary surfaces modified with PMHS and the low-molecular-weight organosilicon hydrides gave support to the dehydrocondensation reaction between silica surface silanols and silyhydride bonds of the reagents. Slopes from Zisman plots indicated that coverage of the surface ranged from highest for the polymer (PMHS) to lowest for the monomers (TMS and PMDS). Efficiency measurements showed the influence that surface modification had on the uniformity and stability of the coated capillary columns. Well-deactivated capillary columns permitted the chromatography of polar solutes using supercritical carbon dioxide as mobile phase.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 90
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 590-591 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 91
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 595-595 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Connection device ; Micro packed columns ; Macrobore capillaries ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 92
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Preparative planar chromatography, PPC ; Centrifugal planar-column chromatography, CPCC ; Circular development ; On-line observation and detection ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986) 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 572-576 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, LC ; Chromophore mobile phase ; Indirect UV detection ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An indirect UV photometric detection technique is described in which a low concentration of a UV-absorbing compound (UVAC) is added to the mobile phase in reversed phase liquid chromatography, thereby making it possible for non UV-absorbing compounds such as the lower alcohols to be detected by the UV detector. This happens because the injected analyte may extract a portion of the UV absorbing compound from the mobile and/or stationary phase and the complex is co-eluted as a positive peak at the retention time of the analyte. Alternatively, the injected analyte may appear as a negative peak if the UV-absorbing compound is transferred to the mobile and stationary phases. In any case, the injected compound appears either as a positive or negative peak depending on the relative polarities and concentrations of all the compounds in the system. In addition, the resulting excess or deficiency of detection agent in the stationary phase is eluted separately as a positive or negative peak, indicating that the system has returned to equilibrium. In the work described herein, the chromatographic conditions and variables of the indirect photometric technique were studied to develop a quantitative HPLC method for UV-transparent compounds. It was found that under optimal conditions it is possible to determine some analytes quantitatively at concentrations as low as 0.05%.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 397-399 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Capillary columns ; Nifedipine ; Determination in human plasma ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A rapid, sensitive, and reliable method for the determination of nifedipine in human plasma is described. Using a single-step solvent extraction and capillary gas chromatography combined with electron capture detection, an assay sensitivity of 2 ng/ml is achieved routinely using 0.5 ml of plasma. Intact nifedipine is quantitated and separated from its nitroso- and nitropyridine-derivatives. The suitability of the assay for pharmacokinetic studies is illustrated.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 662-666 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary GC ; GC/MS ; Reducing sugars ; NPD ; Derivatization ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reduction of sugar methoximes with sodium cyanoborohydride followed by permethylation with CH3SOCH2-/ICH3 affords the corresponding deoxy(methylmethoxylamino)alditol O-methyl ethers, which are amenable to capillary gas chromatography. Derivatization proceeds under mild conditions with high yields. Only a single derivative is formed for each reducing sugar. All aldose derivatives can be separated in a single chromatographic run on glass capillaries coated with Carbowax 20 M or Superox 0.1. Good linearity was found. The introduction of the nitrogen atom in the sugar molecule makes these derivatives suitable for selective detection by the NPD. The El-mass spectra contain intense characteristics ions at m/z 74 for aldoses and at m/z 280 for reducing disaccharides, together with a (M - 15)+ion. These fragments are very suitable for highly sensitive GC-MS analysis by selective single ion monitoring.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 18-29 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Fused silica capillary columns ; Mass spectrometry ; Purge and trap ; Purgeable compound analysis ; Trace organic analysis ; Priority pollutants ; Cryotrapping of organic compounds ; Cryofocusing of organic compounds ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effects of trapping temperature and column film thickness were investigated with respect to their ability to promote effective cryofocusing on fused silica capillary columns. The study was a further development of the purge and trap with whole column cryotrapping (P&T/WCC) method. The rates at which compounds could be thermally desorbed from a P&T unit and transferred to a column (with zero split) were first examined. A near quantitative transfer of the desorbable analytes was obtained with a 4 min, 180°C, 20 mL/min desorption. The compounds tested included naphthalene. Columns with film thicknesses from 0.12 to 3.0 μm were then investigated in P&T/WCC analyses with WCC temperatures ranging from -80 to 0°C. The trapping took place from a transfer line gas stream initially at 175°C. The volatilities of the compounds examined varied from that of 1,1-dichloroethene to 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane. A higher film thickness was found to ease the WCC temperature requirements. Within each column type, the warmest WCC temperatures which allowed good cryotrapping with no significant increases in peak width were: 0.25 μm, -70°C; 1.0 μm, -50°C; 3.0 μm, -20°C. In addition to being quantitative, the trapping provided good chromatography.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 240-241 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Glass capillary columns ; Stationary phase immobilization ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 236-239 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, LC ; Reversed phase ; Chemically bonded phases ; Mixed eluents ; Partition effects ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A simple linear relationship which enables the effect of the composition of a binary mobile phase on the retention of a solute to be assessed in reverse phase liquid chromatography using a bonded stationary phase has been derived. The equations have been tested using published experimental data.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 100
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Supercritical fluid chromatography, SFC ; Chiral stationary phase, CSP ; Optical resolution ; α-Amino acid derivatives ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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