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  • 1985-1989  (2,713)
  • 1985  (2,713)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (1,154)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (901)
  • Chemical Engineering  (658)
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Material
Years
  • 1985-1989  (2,713)
Year
Keywords
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-speed cinematographic analysis of the movement of Chlamydomonas (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 5 (1985), S. 251-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Chlamydomonas ; movement ; flagellar beat ; stigma ; high-speed microcinematography ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Using high-speed microcinematography (100-500 f/s) the movement of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mutant 622 E has been studied with frame-by-frame analysis. The stigma lies in the cell equator, displaced out of the flagellar plane anticlockwise by an angle of about 45°. During forward movement the cells rotate anticlockwise about their long axis with a frequency of 1.4-2 Hz (maximum 2.5 Hz). The rotation is caused by a lateral component of 3-dimensional beating of the flagella during the effective strokes. The helical swimming path is a result of an unequal flagellar beating. This is normally synchronous, but synchrony is interrupted from time to time by an additional beat of the outward directed flagellum, in our study one after about every twenty beats on average. These results are discussed and compared with the results published by other groups.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970050307
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 5 (1985) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970050501
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Newt lung ciliated cell models: Effect of MgATP on beat frequency and waveforms (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 5 (1985), S. 377-392 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: newt ; lung ; cilia ; beat frequency ; waveform ; models ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Highly coupled newt lung ciliated cell models were used to study the effects of MgATP concentration on ciliary beat frequency and waveform. Models were prepared from ciliated lung cells of the newt Taricha granulosa by trypsin dissociation of the epithelium, demembranation with Triton X-100, and reactivation with MgATP, as described previously [Weaver and Hard, 1985]. Beat frequencies were measured stroboscopically. Ciliary waveforms of reactivated models and intact mucociliary epithelial sheets were determined by single frame analysis of high-speed movies. Waveform parameters calculated included the durations of the effective and recovery strokes, the angular velocities of the ciliary base and tip, the position of the bend along the ciliary shaft during the recovery stroke, the velocity of recovery stroke bend propagation, and the ratio of the duration of recovery stroke bend propagation to the duration of the recovery stroke itself. We found that beat frequency varied biphasically in response to MgATP at 21°C, as shown previously for isolated, individual, newt lung axonemes. Apparent Fmax (maximum beat frequency) and Km values of 25 Hz and 0.14 mM, and 35 Hz and 0.47 mM, respectively, were obtained for each linear segment of the biphasic double reciprocal plot. Demembranation did not alter either ciliary waveform or the pattern of coordination. In this system, metachrony is antilaeoplectic and ciliary waveform appears to be regulated independent of beat frequency.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970050503
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A model for fast axonal transport (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 5 (1985), S. 507-527 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: axonal transport ; microtubules ; organelles ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A model for fast axonal transport is developed in which the essential features are that organelles may interact with mechanochemical cross-bridges that in turn interact with microtubules, forming an organelle-engine-microtubule complex which is transported along the microtubules. Computer analysis of the equations derived to describe such a system show that most of the experimental observations on fast axonal transport can be simulated by the model, indicating that the model is useful for the interpretation and design of experiments aimed at clarifying the mechanism of fast axonal transport.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970050607
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Ca2+ insensitive actin-crosslinking protein from Dicytostelium discoideum (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 5 (1985), S. 529-543 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: actin ; regulatory protein ; cytoskeleton ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We have isolated a 30,000-dalton protein from Dictyostelium which cosedimented with and affected the low shear viscosity of actin. At low concentrations, this protein increased the low shear viscosity to greater than that of the actin control, whereas higher concentrations decreased viscosity. The viscosity decrease correlated with the formation of actin filament bundles, as seen electron microscopically. This protein resembled a previously reported actin-binding protein from Dictyostelium [Fechheimer and Taylor, 84, J Biol Chem 259:4514] in electrophoretic mobility, Stokes radius, and ability to crosslink filaments, but was shown to be different by peptide mapping, lack of immunologic crossreactivity, and lack of sensitivity to calcium.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970050608
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Method for quantifying F-Actin in chemotactic peptide activated neutrophils: Study of the effect of tBOC peptide (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 5 (1985), S. 545-557 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: neutrophils ; cytoskeleton ; actin polymerization ; NBDphallacidin ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The studies presented here characterize a simple, quantitative NBDphallacidin extraction assay for determining the F-actin content of fMLP-activated neutrophils. The NBDphallacidin extraction assay is based upon the specificity of NBDphallacidin binding to F-actin and the solubility of NBDphallacidin in methanol. Cells are fixed, permeabilized, and stained with NBDphallacidin; the cells are then pelleted, the bound NBDphallacidin is extracted into methanol, and the RFI (excite 465; emit 535) of the solution is determined. Binding of NBDphallacidin to neutrophils is saturable and 90% of bound NBDphallacidin is displaced by nonfluorescent phalloidin. The extraction of bound NBDphallacidin into methanol is complete and the excitation/emission characteristics of NBDphallacidin are not altered by extraction. The assay is relatively inexpensive, applicable to the study of cells in suspension or on substratum, allows kinetic studies with 5-10s time resolution, and is not affected by the shape of the cell or the distribution of the probe. We used the NBDphallacidin extraction assay to study the kinetics of fMLP-induced change in the F-actin content of neutrophils and the effect of tBOC peptide, an inhibitor of fMLP binding, on these changes. The extraction assay reveals a rapid, sequential fMLP-induced increase followed by a decrease in F-actin content. The tBOC peptide inhibits fMLP-induced actin polymerization. Addition of tBOC during fMLP-induced polymerization or at times when F-actin content is maximal enhances F-actin depolymerization. The rate of F-actin depolymerization is ≥ fourfold faster in the presence than in the absence of tBOC. The results show that (1) The NBDphallacidin extraction assay is useful for studying the kinetics of change in F-actin content of nonmuscle cells; (2) fMLP receptor occupancy is required for fMLP-dependent polymerization but not depolymerization; and (3) both the actin polymerizing and depolymerizing processes are active in the cell within 5 s after fMLP stimulation. Implications of these observations for understanding the observed increase and, then, decrease in F-actin content of fMLP-activated cells are discussed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970050609
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 5 (1985) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970050101
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 5 (1985) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970050301
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Orthokinetic and klinokinetic responses of human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 5 (1985), S. 447-461 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: chemokinesis ; orthokinesis ; klinokinesis ; polymorphonuclear leucocytes ; locomotion ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Evidence is presented to show that klinokinesis, which was previously demonstrated in bacteria and amoeba only, may also occur in metazoan cells. The chemotactic peptide formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP) elicited orthokinetic and klinokinetic responses of human blood-borne polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs) under the test conditions used. Increased speed (orthokinesis) was due to an increase in the proportion of migrating cells as well as in the speed of the locomoting subset. The klinokinetic effect was manifested by a decrease in the klinolocomotion index, the mean angle of changes in direction ≥ 90°, and the frequency of turns ≥ 90°. The klinolocomotion index was inversely related to speed. This explains the synergistic effect of klinokinesis and orthokinesis in this system. Colchicine alone had and orthokinetic effect which was exclusively due to alterations in the proportion of migrating cells and it altered the turning behaviour without exerting a klinokinetic effect. However, colchicine had marginal orthokinetic and klinokinetic effects on fMLP-stimulated cells resulting in reduced translocation. The relationship between klinokinesis and mean angle or frequency of turns has been analysed. Klinokinesis was a substantial though not the major element of the chemokinetic response to fMLP under the conditions used. No other metazoan cells have been shown to possess such a complete pattern of responses, including orthokinesis, klinokinesis, and chemotaxis, which regulate locomotion.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970050603
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation of newt lung ciliated cell models: Characterization of motility and coordination thresholds (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 5 (1985), S. 355-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Newt ; lung ; cilia ; cell models ; ciliary coordination ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Demembranated ciliated cell models are useful for studying mechanisms responsible for the regulation of ciliary coordination and waveform. This paper describes procedures for isolating ciliated cells from the newt, Taricha granulosa, by trypsin dissociation, their subsequent demembranation by Triton X-100, and their reactivation with MgATP to produce highly motile, coordinated, ciliated cell models. Reactivation of cell models with a high degree of mechanochemical coupling depended on avoiding mechanical damage and maintaining optimal conditions during all stages of isolation and reactivation. Highly motile models were prepared from cells incubated in trypsin, treated briefly with EDTA, separated by gentle agitation, and concentrated by centrifugation at low gravitational forces. Optimal demembranation and reactivation conditions were similar to those described previously for isolated newt lung axonemes. Under these conditions, nearly 100% of the models were reactivated when provided with MgATP and 90-95% beat with coordinated waves. The ciliary tufts beat at frequencies within the range measured in living cells and their reactivated motility was stable for at least 30 min at constant MgATP. These highly coupled models were used to show (1) that development of coordination in the ciliary tuft occurs at a higher substrate concentration range (10-25 μM) than that required to initiate motility per se (2-10 μM); (2) that outer dynein arms may not contribute to beat frequency at substrate concentrations below 35 μM; and (3) that vanadate has effects both on beat frequency and coordination of the tufts.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970050502
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An approach to digital image analysis of bending shapes of eukaryotic flagella and cilia (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 5 (1985), S. 475-489 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: digital image processing ; flagella ; cilia ; bends ; Hemicentrotus ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A novel method of digital image analysis of the bends of eukaryotic flagella and cilia was devised. In the analysis system, all image pixels were systematically extracted and processed to measure angular direction and curvature. Simulation experiments on theoretical model pictures of flagella with sine-generated or arcstraight line bending waves demonstrated that the method can be used with considerable high accuracy. This method then revealed abrupt changes in slope of the curvature in sperm flagella and embryo cilia of the sea urchin, Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus. This indicates that the digital image processing used may be helpful in the study of flagellar and ciliary movements.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970050605
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reorientation of the golgi apparatus and the microtubule-organizing center inside macrophages subjected to a chemotactic gradient (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 5 (1985), S. 17-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: cell motility ; membrane recycling ; immunofluorescence microscopy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Mouse peritoneal macrophages subjected to gradients of activated mouse serum were found by immunofluorescence observations to have their Golgi apparatus and their microtubule-organizing center largely oriented in the direction of the gradient. By analogy with similar results obtained with motile fibroblasts, it is proposed that these two organelles are rapidly and coordinately reoriented inside the macrophages in order to direct the insertion of new membrane mass, via vesicles derived from the Golgi apparatus, into the leading edge of the cell. Consistent with the importance of such membrane insertion to cell migration, we found that the ionophore monensin, an inhibitor of Golgi functions, inhibited cell motility in the chemostactic gradient. It was further shown that several inhibitors of chemotaxis (monensin, cytochalasin D, cycloheximide) did not inhibit the reorientation of the Golgi apparatus/microtubule-organizing center in cells exposed to a chemotactic gradient, and that the reorientation required extracellular Ca+2.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970050103
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Obituary (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 5 (1985), S. i 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970050202
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An investigation of the involvement of cytoskeletal structures and secretion in gliding motility of the marine diatom, Amphora coffeaeformis (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 5 (1985), S. 103-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: gliding ; cell motility ; cytoskeleton ; diatoms ; capping ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Gliding motility was investigated in the marine diatom, Amphora coffeaeformis. Ultrastructural, biochemical, and pharmacological protocols were employed to probe the possible involvement of cytoskeletal proteins and a secretory process in gliding motility. Motility rate was measured using a video recording apparatus, and the effects of various cytoskeleton-disrupting drugs on motility were tested. Cytochalasins D and E, podophyllotoxin, and vinblastine (all at 25 μUg/ml) reversibly inhibited motility, as did monensin (10 μUM) and pronase (25 μUg/ml). Biochemical protein analysis of whole-cell extracts by one- and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed polypeptides comigrating with rabbit skeletal muscle actin and bovine brain tubulin; however, specific assays used to separate actin from whole-cell preparations gave ambiguous results. Ultrastructural studies revealed the presence of extracellular material between the raphe canal and the substratum in motile cultures. An assay was devised for the detection of radioactively labeled material (MW 〉 1800 Daltons) released by motile cultures into the culture medium. When cultures were treated with either an anticytoskeletal drug or monensin, motility was inhibited while the amount of measured radioactivity increased over solvent-treated control groups. The results from this study indicate possible roles for both actin- and tubulin-based structures in gliding motility of Amphora. Though secretion may be necessary for gliding to occur, its exact relationship to motility was not deduced. The data obtained in this study are compatible with a theory for the mechanism of gliding which involves the surface translocation of externally exposed membrane proteins against an immobile matrix of substratum-attached secreted material to generate the force required for movement.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970050204
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromosome movement during meiotic prophase in crane-fly spermatocytes: III. Microtubules and the effects of Colcemid, nocodazole, and vinblastine (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 5 (1985), S. 393-413 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: chromosome movement ; Colcemid ; nocodazole ; meiotic prophase ; microtubules ; vinblastine ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The effects of Colcemid, nocodazole, and vinblastine on microtubules and on the movement of chromosomes during late diakinesis were investigated in spermatocytes of the crane fly Nephrotoma suturalis. The kinds of movements observed in untreated cells - sex bivalent rotations, sex bivalent excursions, and rotations and positional changes of autosomal bivalents - also were observed in drug-treated cells. These results were obtained in living cells in which the disruption and inhibition of microtubule assembly had been confirmed with polarized light microscopy. Effects of Colcemid and nocodazole also were assessed in fixed cells using electron microscopy. The results are in agreement with a hypothesis that microtubules are not a force-generating component of the molecular machinery that brings about prophase movements.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970050504
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of multiple monoclonal antibodies to characterize the major microtubule-associated protein in sea urchin eggs (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 5 (1985), S. 431-446 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Microtubules assembled from sea urchin eggs with the use of taxol contain a 77,000-dalton protein as the major nontubulin component [Vallee and Bloom (1983): Proc Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80:6259-6263]. We have raised five monoclonal antibodies to this protein to aid in its characterization. Immunoblot analysis of the sea urchin microtubule purification fractions indicated that the protein copurified quantitatively with microtubules. All five antibodies stained the mitotic spindle of dividing sea urchin eggs by immunofluorescence microscopy, indicating that the protein was a component of the mitotic spindle and suggesting that it was actually localized on microtubules in vivo. Immunofluorescent staining of higher resolution was observed in a subpopulation of the coelomic cells found in adult sea urchins, confirming that the 77,000-dalton protein is indeed present on microtubules in vivo. Because taxol was not used for the immunofluorescence experiments, we conclude that the microtubule-associated protein (MAP)-like behavior of the 77,000-dalton protein in vitro was not induced artifactually by taxol. To determine whether this protein is a component of sea urchin microtubules in general, cilia obtained from blastula stage embryos and sperm tail flagella were analyzed with the antibodies. The protein was undetectable by both immunoblot analysis and immunofluorescence microscopy in both preparations of axonemal microtubules. These results indicated that the 77,000-dalton MAP is restricted to cytoplasmic and mitotic microtubules in the sea urchin. Furthermore, in view of its particular abundance in embryos, whose microtubules are devoted substantially to mitosis, the 77,000-dalton MAP is likely to play an important role in regulating the activity of mitotic spindle microtubules in the sea urchin.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970050602
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The locomotion of dissociated sponge cells: A cell-by-cell, time-lapse film analysis (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 5 (1985), S. 463-473 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: sponge dissociates ; cell migration ; time-lapse analysis ; cell aggregation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The production of both lamellipodia and peculiar thin protuberances (scleropodia) characterizes the preaggregative motility of cells after dissociation of the sponge Clathrina.The locomotory paths taken by cells before aggregation were recorded by time-lapse microcinematography. Changes of direction in successive 50-s time intervals and 50-s mean velocities of each cell were both taken into account as statistical variables. Their distributions give probability density curves that seem to fit bilateral exponential functions. The analysis of the angles of turn indicates a tendency for the cells to persist in their direction of motion and to make counter-clockwise turns. Implications of such in vitro cellular behaviors in aggregative and in vivo processes are suggested.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970050604
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The antagonistic effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine and methylxanthine on the gill cilia of mytilus edulis (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 5 (1985), S. 293-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Mytilus edulis ; 5-hydroxytryptamine ; lateral cilia ; laterofrontal cirri ; beat frequency ; methylxanthine ; filter-feeding ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The laterofrontal (LF) cirri on isolated gill filaments of Mytilus edulis, prepared in natural seawater, are active and initially beat with an average frequency of about 8 Hz (with a range of 6-14 Hz). However, the lateral (L) cilia on these filaments are arrested in a position at the end of their recovery stroke. Perfusion of the filament with artificial seawater (ASW), with or without 1% ethanol, has little or no biological effect on the activity of the LF cirri, although a transitory decrease in frequency often accompanies the perfusion process. The L cilia remain arrested during perfusion with ASW. The exposure of the gill to low levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) (10-8 〈 5HT 〈 10-7 M) has no effect on the activity of the LF cirri but stimulates the L cilia to beat. Exposure to higher concentrations of 5HT (〉 10-7 M) elevates the beat frequency of the L cilia and simultaneously inhibits the activity of the LF cirri, leading to their arrest in a position at the end of the effective stroke. This arrest of the LF cirri occurs as the L cilia attain a 5HT-induced beat frequency between 12 to 14 Hz. The influence of 5HT on the L cilia and the LF cirri can be reversibly mimicked or enhanced by the phosphodiesterase inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX). A concentration of 0.5 mM IBMX mimics low 5HT concentrations (about 10-7 M) by stimulating the L cilia to beat without affecting the beat frequency of the LF cirri. A combimation of 10-7 M 5HT and 0.5 mM IBMX in ASW mimics high (〉 10-6 M) 5HT concentrations by arresting the LF cirri and increasing the beat frequency of the L cilia. Under these conditions, the threshold of the LF cirri arrest response is again found to occur as the L cilia attain a beat frequency of 12 - 14Hz. These results suggest that the mechanisms of LF cirri arrest and L cilia activation are mediated by 5HT -induced changes in intracellular cyclic AMP levels.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970050403
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Live and reactivated motility in the 9 + 0 flagellum of Anguilla sperm (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 5 (1985), S. 333-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: eel sperm ; 9+0 flagellum ; motility ; helicoidal bending ; reactivation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The sperm flagella of the eel, Anguilla anguilla, are capable of vigorous motion in spite of having an axoneme with reduced structure that lacks the outer dynein arms, radial spokes and spoke heads, the two central tubules and the central tubule projections that are all part of the standard “9+2” axoneme. These sperm progress forward rapidly as a result of the propagation of helicoidal waves distally along the flagellum. Their flagellar beat frequencies are high, 93 Hz at 21°C, and they roll at a frequency of about 19 Hz. Eel sperm could be demembranated with Nonidet P-40 and reactivated with MgATP2- in 0.22 M K acetate at pH 8.1. The reactivated motility closely resembles that of the live sperm, with a beat frequency of 69 Hz, but the demembranated flagella are unusually fragile, and commonly disintegrate by a combination of splitting, coiling, and sliding within a few minutes. Little reactivation is obtained if acetate is replaced by Cl- in the reactivating medium. The Michaelis constant for beat frequency (0.2 mM) is similar to that obtained for several “9+2” flagella. These sperm, however, appear to lack the mechanism by which Ca2+ regulates waveform. Our results indicate that eel sperm flagella, which at rest are straight, are induced to bend helicoidally by ATP, as the result of sliding between tubules that is blocked at both the base and tip of the organelle. The flagellar waveform consists of a series of planar bends separated by short regions of right-handed twist, which give it an overall left-handed helicoidal form.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970050406
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 5 (1985) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970050601
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  • 21
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    Alpha actinin distribution and extracellular matrix products during somitogenesis and neurulation in the chick embryo (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 5 (1985), S. 491-506 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Somitogenesis ; neurulation ; alpha-actinin ; morphogenesis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A discrete stage in two different morphogenetic processes has been examined employing fluorescently labelled alpha-actinin as a probe to localize native alpha-actinin and antibodies to localize fibronectin and collagen type I. The stage of somitogenesis examined is the transition from the compact mesenchymal somitic mass to the epithelial somitic vesicle (ie, epithelialization of the somite). The stage of neurulation examined is the transition from the relatively flat neuroepithelium to the approximation of the neural folds. Before these morphogenetic movements begin, the neuroepithelium is sitting upon a basal lamina and interstitial collagen, and the somite is surrounded by a meshwork of interstitial collagen. During both of these processes, the cells become narrowed at their apices in the region of the tissue that is becoming concave, and alpha-actinin is localized in the apices. The localization of intracellular alpha-actinin and extracellular fibronectin, and the distribution of collagen, suggest that there is a coordinated appearance and distribution of these molecules that is temporally associated with these discrete morphogenetic events.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970050606
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  • 22
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    An EHNA-senstive ATPase in unfertilized sea urchin eggs (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 5 (1985), S. 61-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: dynein ; erythro-9-[3-2-(hydroxynonyl)]adenine (EHNA) ; ATPase ; inhibition ; axoneme ; cytoplasm ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In current purification strategies, affinity for microtubules or calmodulin is used to identify and purify cytoplasmic dynein-like ATPase from cell-free extracts of unfertilized sea urchin eggs. However, affinity purification procedures, though they define dynein-like ATPase activity, have not yet proven to be quantitative. An alternative purification strategy capable of producing a high yield of enzyme would require a specific assay in order to monitor cytoplasmic dynein purity at each step.In this study, we make a detailed comparison of the effects of EHNA on 22 different ATP-metabolizing enzyme activities, including 13 Mg++-ATPases. We isolate cytoplasmic dynein-like ATPase activity from three species of sea urchin eggs and sperm and show by means of dose-response curves that their sensitivities to inhibition by EHNA are very similar to one another. We demonstrate further that the EHNA dose-response characteristics of fourteen other ATP-metabolizing enzyme activities, including seven nondynein Mg++-ATPases, differ quantitatively from those of dynein-like ATPases.In studies of three other agents (vanadate, Ca++/calmodulin, and Triton X-100), we find that dynein-like ATPases vary by two orders of magnitude in their sensitivities to inhibition by vanadate, and little or no stimulation by either Ca++/calmodulin or Triton X-100 is seen. Our results suggest that inhibition by EHNA is a universal and specific property of dynein-like ATPases, which ultimately should prove useful in the quantitative purification and characterization of cytoplasmic dynein-like ATPase (s).
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970050106
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  • 23
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    Ionic control of locomotion and shape of epithelial cells: I. Role of calcium influx (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 5 (1985), S. 123-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: locomotion and shape control ; epithelial cells ; calcium ; reflection-interference contrast-microscopy ; cinematography ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The role of calcium in the induction of locomotion, control of direction of locomotion, and modulation of shape of epithelial cells derived from Xenopus laevis tadpole epidermis is investigated. Local influx of calcium is achieved by electrophoretic release of small amounts of calcium from a micropipette (tip diameter 0.1-0.5 μUm) closely apposed to the cell body or lamella. The cells are made permeable for calcium by calcium ionophore A23187, and they are kept in Ca++-free, Mg++-rich EGTA Ringer. Another method used to induce Ca++ influx is local application of A23187 while cells move in normal culture medium.Influx of Ca++ into the lamella induces a localised increase in thickness and enlargement of the lamella. Stationary cells become active and show movement in the direction of the Ca++ gradient. Fried-egg-shaped cells tend to acquire a semicircular shape and start moving. Moving cells change the direction of their locomotion, following the direction of Ca++ release. Influx of Ca++ in the cell body region induces its contraction concomitant with an increase in lamellar area.These observations suggest the presence of two different Ca++-sensitive components: an actomyosin meshwork in the cell body and an actin gel in the lamella. Influx of Ca++ induces contraction of actomyosin and solation of actin gel. Interaction of these two systems would explain modulation of shape and generation of locomotion in epithelial cells.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970050205
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  • 24
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    Bending patterns of Chlamydomonas flagella: III. A radial spoke head deficient mutant and a central pair deficient mutant (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 5 (1985), S. 195-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: central pair ; radial spoke ; flagella ; mutant ; Chlamydomonas ; suppressor ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Flash photomicrography at frequencies up to 300 Hz and computer-assisted image analysis have been used to obtain parameters describing the flagellar bending patterns of mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. All strains contained the uni1 mutation, to facilitate photography. The radial spoke head deficient mutant pf17, and the central pair deficient mutant, pf15, in combination with suppressor mutations that restore motility without restoring the ultrastructural or biochemical deficiencies, both generate forward mode bending patterns with increased shear amplitude and decreased asymmetry relative to the “wild-type” uni1 flagella described previously. In the reverse beating mode, the suppressed pf17 mutants generate reverse bending patterns with large shear amplitudes. Reverse beating of the suppressed pf15 mutants is rare. There is a reciprocal relationship between increased shear amplitude and decreased beat frequency, so that the velocity of sliding between flagellar microtubules is not increased by an increase in shear amplitude. The suppressor mutations alone cause decreased frequency and sliding velocity in both forward and reverse mode beating, with little change in shear amplitude or symmetry.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970050303
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 5 (1985) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970050401
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  • 26
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    A versatile and quantitative computer-assisted photoelectronic technique used for the analysis of ciliary beat cycles (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 5 (1985), S. 267-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: mammalian cilia ; respiratory tract ; mucociliary clearance ; laterofrontal cirri ; Mytilus edulis ; beat cycle ; computer analysis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The beat cycles of rabbit tracheal cilia in culture and Mytilus laterofrontal cirri were recorded using a phototransistor, transillumination, video, and phase-contrast microscopy. The photoelectronic signal and video image of the ciliary activity were simultaneously recorded as a composite image. The photoelectronic signal was converted into a digital signal by a data acquisition system for further computer processing.By the selection of a small detector area and accurate detector alignment, a simple, repetitive photoelectronic signal representing ciliary activity was obtained. This signal records the ciliary beat frequency and demonstrates the triphasic nature of the beat cycle. The photoelectronic signal can be precisely correlated with the ciliary activity by analysis of the composite video recordings to provide the duration of the effective, recovery, and rest phases of the beat cycle. The videophotoelectronic signal correlations were verified by high-speed cinematography. High-speed films of ciliary activity were digitized, and the image density of selected pixels was analyzed by computer with respect to time and ciliary motion.These studies indicate that duration of the phages of the beat cycle are differentially reduced with increased beat frequency; the effective phase duration was quickly reduced to a minimum. This was followed by the reduction of the duration of the recovery phase to a minimum. The rest phase continues to be reduced without reaching a minimum, over the range of beat frequencies observed. These results suggest that ciliary beat frequency may be regulated either by modifying the rates of dynein-microtubule interactions or the rate of transition from one beat phase to the next.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970050402
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  • 27
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    Actin assembly and filament cross-linking in the presence of TW 260/240, the tissue-specific spectrin of the chicken intestinal brush border (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 5 (1985), S. 311-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Spectrin ; TW 260/240 ; chicken intestinal brush border ; actin assembly ; actin filament cross-linking ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: TW 260/240 is a tissue-specific spectrin found in the terminal web region of the chicken intestinal bruish border. We have examined the effects of TW 260/240 on assembly rates and critical concentrations (Co's) for monomer addition at the barbed and pointed ends of the actin filament. For these studies, acrosomal processes (AP) from Limulus sperm were used as nuclei for actin assembly. Under conditions which favor the interaction of TW 260/240 for actin (20-75 mM KCl, 2 mM Mg++) no effect on either elongation rates or Co's at either end of the actin filament was observed in the presence of this spectrinlike protein. The Limulus AP nucleation assay also allowed visualization of the kinetics of filament binding and cross-linking by TW 260/240. Ultrastructural analysis of TW 260/240 binding to actin filaments at their growing ends indicates that TW 260/240 tetramers bind laterally to the filament. Finally, evidence is presented that indicates that filaments cross-linked by TW 260/240 are stabilized against shear-dependent breakage.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970050404
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  • 28
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    Anouncement (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 5 (1985), S. 351-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970050407
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  • 29
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    Bending patterns of Chlamydomonas flagella: II. Calcium effects on reactivated Chlamydomonas flagella (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 5 (1985), S. 53-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: calcium ; Chlamydomonas ; flagella ; motility ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Ca2+ has profound effects on the movement of cilia and eukaryotic flagella, including those of Chlamydomonas. Two clear changes seen in Chlamydomonas flagella with changes in Ca2+ are beat frequency and symmetry. Photographic and computer assisted analysis of flagellar bending patterns on a uniflagellate mutant of Chlamydomonas have been used to examine details of the effects of Ca2+ on the movement of ATP-reactivated, demembranated flagella. In addition to the forward mode bending pattern seen at low Ca2+ concentrations (10-9 M), which has a frequency of about 50 Hz and the reverse mode bending pattern seen at high Ca2+ concentrations (10-4 M) with a frequency around 70 Hz, we carefully examined bending patterns in the intermediate Ca2+ concentration range of 1-6.5 × 10-6 M. In this intermediate range, the bending patterns have significantly reduced asymmetry and slightly increased frequency, compared to the motility observed at low Ca2+ concentrations. These observations indicate that changes in these two parameters of motion do not occur in parallel and suggest that the effects of Ca2+ may be a multicomponent process. Physiologically, these changes in the beat pattern at intermediate Ca2+ may signal either (1) the beginning stages of transition to the symmetrical, high-frequency beating seen at high Ca2+, or (2) a more normal forward mode motility for the trans flagellum as suggested by Kamiya and Witman [1984]. No large amplitude bending patterns associated with transitions between forward and reverse mode beating in intact cells were seen at the intermediate Ca2+ concentrations.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970050105
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  • 30
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    Flow birefringence of microtubules and its relation to birefringence measurements in cells (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 5 (1985), S. 31-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: microtubules ; birefringence ; flow birefringence ; tubulin ; polarization microscopy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Understanding the molecular basis of mitotic movements in living cells will require correlative experiments on intact cells, cell models, purified tubulin, and perhaps other biopolymers. Birefringence is one assay that is useful in all of these experimental situations. Heretofore, studies of birefringence changes during mitosis have lacked a quantitiative basis for interpretation in terms of microtubule number and packing density. One of the aims of this work was to establish that relationship.Purified calf brain tubulin was polymerized to equilibrium and oriented in the hydrodynamic field of a microcapillary flow birefringence apparatus. The relationship between birefringence and microtubule packing density was determined by a combination of optical, electron microscopic, and biochemical methods. The data correlate surprisingly well with those obtained by others from in vitro measurements on isolated mitotic spindles. Using the flow birefringence data, the sensitivity of polarizing microscopes for detecting microtubules was examined and found to depend on microtubule packing density, object thickness, and instrumental factors that limit both the detection and measurement of weakly birefringent objects. Because of the dependence of measurement sensitivity on object thickness, a method of measuring the thickness of microtubule bundles using the dispersion of birefringence was developed. This method is capable of measuring thickness to within two or three Airy diffraction units and does not require any assumptions regarding object symmetry.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970050104
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  • 31
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    Fundamental problems of movement of cilia, eukaryotic flagella, and related systems: A seminar held under the U.S. Japan cooperative science program (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 5 (1985), S. 137-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970050206
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  • 32
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    Study of the properties of MgATP2--induced stationary bends in demembranated sea urchin sperm (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 5 (1985), S. 209-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: flagellar dynein ; cyclic nucleotides ; sperm activation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Methods of demembranation and reactivation of Lytechinus pictus sperm were developed that result in non-motile sperm which take on a stable bend of about 3.5 radians at the proximal end of the cell. The middle and distal portion of the flagellum is relatively straight or slightly bent in the same direction forming a somewhat “C” shaped sperm cell. In these studies, we refer to this characteristic shape as the quiescent form, and as opposed to “rigor wave” sperm, the quiescent form is induced and maintained by a relatively high concentration of MgATP2- (〉 0.2 mM). Other conditions important to the production and maintenance of the quiescent form in demembranated sperm include: starting with concentrated, undiluted sperm, maintaining low Ca++ in the demembranation buffer, using a minimum of 0.2 mM MgATP2- and pH of 7.9-8.1 in the reactivation buffer. Deviation from some of these conditions results in a dramatic increase in motile, asymmetrically beating sperm. Addition of 0.4 mM CaCl2 to the reactivation buffer increased the proximal bend angle to 5 radians. The induction and maintenance of the stationary bend is mediated by dynein activity: “rigor wave” sperm were transformed to the quiescent form upon 0.2 mM ATP addition; micromolar vanadate abolished the quiescent form by “relaxation” of the proximal bend; and the vanadate relaxed sperm were restored to quiescent form by catechol. Importantly, 20 μM cAMP activated motility of the otherwise quiescent-form sperm. Quiescent-form, demembranated sperm were also activated by mild trypsin digestion. These and other data suggest that the quiescent-form sperm are trapped at the end of the principal bend, and these data are consistent with the proposal that the single stationary bend results from asymmetry of active microtubule sliding [Gibbons and Gibbons, (1980): J. Cell Biol. 84:13-27].
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970050304
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  • 33
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    Tension in the culture dish: Microfilament organization and migratory behavior of quail neural crest cells (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 5 (1985), S. 225-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: neural crest ; migratory behavior ; microfilaments ; stress fibers ; tractional force ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We have investigated one aspect of the migratory behavior of quail neural crest (NC) cells by comparing the organization of microfilament bundles and the ability to distort migratory substrata by NC, somite, and notochord cells in vitro. In contrast to the numerous cytoplasmic stress fibers in somite-derived fibroblasts and notochord cells revealed by rhodamine-phalloidin staining and thin-section electron microscopy, microfilaments in NC cells are restricted to the cell cortex. To test the relative degrees of tension generated by these cell types on the underlying substratum, cells were cultured in collagen gels and on distortable silicone rubber sheets. Explanted somites and notochords produced dramatic radial alignment of 750 μg/ml collagen gels, whereas neural crest cells only aligned gels of lower concentrations. Fibroblasts did not migrate individually from explanted somites and notochords into 250 μg/ml collagen gels as readily as into higher concentration collagen lattices. In contrast, neural crest cells migrated into matrices of low concentration as well as into higher concentration collagen gels. Neural crest cells and their pigmented derivatives did not distort silicone rubber sheets, whereas somite and notochord-derived fibroblasts wrinkle this substratum after 4 days in culture. Thus, the differences in organization of the actin cytoskeleton reflect the tractional force exerted by these cells on their substratum. We hypothesize that the migratory behavior of NC cells in vivo may be related to their ability to translocate through embryonic extracellular matrices while generating relatively weak adhesions with the substratum, whereas the stronger forces generated by other embryonic cell types upon the delicate extracellular matrix may restrict their migration and may be associated with other morphogenetic events.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970050305
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  • 34
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    Proteins closely similar to flagellar tektins are detected in cilia but not in cytoplasmic microtubules (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 5 (1985), S. 239-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: tektins ; microtubules ; flagella ; cilia ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Affinity-purified antibodies against Strongylocentrotus purpuratus sperm flagellar tektin polypeptides have been tested for cross-reactivity with microtubules isolated from various sources, using indirect immunofluorescent staining and antibody binding to nitrocellulose replicas of SDS polyacrylamide gels. The antitektins reacted with sperm tail axonemes from four genera of sea urchins and with cilia from sea urchin embryos. Antibody binding was observed only if the specimens were prefixed by methods that would not preserve them well at an ultrastructural level. However, even after such fixation regimes, no antibody binding was detected to cytoplasmic microtubule arrays in the same embryos, to mitotic spindles isolated from sea urchin or to gill cilia from a mollusc. We conclude that, if tektins are present in sea urchin egg cytoplasmic microtubules, they are sufficiently different from the sperm tektins to have no common strongly antigenic determinants.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970050306
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  • 35
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    Localization of actin in Chlamydomonas using antiactin and NBD-phallacidin (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 5 (1985), S. 415-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Actin ; immunofluorescence ; NBD-phallacidin ; Chlamydomonas ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We have localized actin in gametes of Chlamydomonas reinhardi by two approaches: (1) indirect immunofluorescence with an affinity-purified antibody and (2) staining with NBD-phallacidin, a fluorescent reagent that binds only to F-actin [Barak et al, 1980, Proc Natl Acad Sci, 77:980-984]. Staining of either mating type “plus” (mt+) or “minus” (mt-) gametes with antiactin antibody resulted in similar fluorescent images: most of the actin was located peripherally along the lateral and posterior aspects of the cells. There was diffuse staining centrally, but the flagella did not stain. No brightly stained spot was observed near the mt+ mating structure, the site where the fertilization tubule elongates with concomitant polymerization of actin [Detmers et al, 1983, J Cell Biol, 97:522-532]. Gametes stained prior to mating with NBD-phallacidin showed no fluorescence above background, indicating that there were no concentrations of F-actin in these cells. This suggested that the cytoplasmic staining observed with antiactin represented primarily a nonfilamentous form of the protein. In mating gametes staining with NBD-phallacidin was detected only in the fertilization tubule, indicating that this was the only dense accumulation of filamentous actin within the cells. Mating gametes stained with antiactin antibody exhibited cytoplasmic fluorescence that was slightly more punctate than prior to mating, and the fertilization tubule was brightly stained. Our observations suggest that the site-specific polymerization of actin within the fertilization tubule occurs in the absence of a concentrated pool of actin subjacent to the mating structure.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970050505
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  • 36
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    Non-actin filaments and cell contraction in Kofoidinum and other Dinoflagellates (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 5 (1985), S. 1-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: contractile non-actin filaments ; dinoflagellates ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The motility and fine structure of the marine planktonic dinoflagellate Kofoidinium and members of other related genera have been investigated. Several types of shape change were found to occur: slow morphogenetic changes (which also occurred as restitution movements in response to injury), movements associated with the ingestion of food and the evacuation of wastes, and more rapid movements concerned with the capture of prey. All these movements seemed to be brought about by the contraction of refractile tracts within the cytoplasm, which were found to contain 2.3-nm filaments, some with a complex striated appearance. This and other evidence suggests that these filaments, which have counterparts in many other protists, are not actin filaments.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970050102
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  • 37
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    Masthead (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 5 (1985) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970050201
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  • 38
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Video microscopy of fast axonal transport in extruded axoplasm: A new model for study of molecular mechanisms (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 5 (1985), S. 81-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: fast axonal transport ; isolated axoplasm ; video microscopy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The development of AVEC-DIC microscopy and the application of this method to the study of fast axonal transport in isolated axoplasm extruded from the giant axon of the squid Loligo pealei provides a new paradigm for analyzing the intracellular transport of membranous organelles. The size of the axon, the number of transported particles, and the absence of permeability barriers like the plasma membrane in this preparation permit many experiments that are difficult or impossible to perform using other model systems. The use and features of this preparation are described in detail and a number of properties are evaluated for the first time. The process of extrusion is characterized. Particle movement is evaluated both in the interior of extruded axoplasm and along individual fibrils that extend from the periphery of perfused axoplasm. The role of divalent cations, particularly Ca2+, and the effects of elevated Ca2+ on axoplasmic organization and transport are analyzed. A series of pharmacological agents and polypeptides that alter cytoskeletal organization are used to examine the role of microfilaments and microtubules in fast transport. Finally, the effects of depleting ATP and of adding ATP analogues are discussed. The extruded axoplasm preparation is shown to be an invaluable model system for biochemical and pharmacological analyses of the molecular mechanisms of intracellular transport.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970050203
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    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of the morphology and function of primary cilia in connective tissues:A cellular cybernetic probe? (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 5 (1985), S. 175-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: primary cilia ; connective tissues ; secretory organelles ; extracellular matrix ; cybernetic probe ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: More than 300 primary cilia have been identified electronmicroscopically in a variety of embryonic and mature connective tissue cells. To further define the enigmatic function of these cilia, we examined the interrelationships between the basal apparatus and cytoplasmic organelles and the ciliary shaft and the extracellular matrix. The basal diplosome was consistently associated with the secretory organelles including the maturing face of the Golgi complex, Golgi vacuoles and vesicles, the microtubular network, the plasma membrane, and coated pits and vesicles. Small vesicles and amorphous granules were also observed within the ciliary lumen and adjacent to the ciliary membrane. Microtubule-membrane bridges linked axonemal tubules to the ciliary membrane. The position, projection, and orientation of the axoneme were influenced by the structural organisation and mechanical properties of the matrix and frequently caused angulation of the ciliary shaft relative to the basal body. Located midway between the secretory apparatus and the extracellular matrix, primary cilia would appear ideally situated to mediate the necessry interaction between the cell and its surrounding environment prerequisite to the formation and maintenance of a functionally effective matrix. We propose that primary cilia in connective tissue cells could act as multifunctional, cellular cybernetic probes, receiving, transducing, and conducting a variety of extrinsic stimuli to the intracellular organelles responsible for effecting the appropriate homeostatic feedback response to changes in the extracellular microenvironment.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970050302
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  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Erratum (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 5 (1985), S. 265-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970050308
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  • 41
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tetrahymena cell model exhibiting Ca-dependent behavior (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 5 (1985), S. 323-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Tetrahymena ; cell model ; ATP concentration ; Ca sensitivity ; backward swimming ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Using Tetrahymena pyriformis, strain w, and Tetrahymena thermophila, B-1868, we prepared cell models that showed ciliary reversal with change in Ca-ion concentration, as was also noted for the Paramecium cell model. No differences could be found between these two strains in the reactivation state, and their response to environmental conditions was essentially the same. The reactivation rate was 90% or more. Swimming velocity of the cell model was found to be 200 ± 49 μm/sec at 25.0°C ± 0.5°C, while the velocity for the living cells was 527 ± 101 μm/sec. Swimming velocity with change in environmental conditions, such as pH, Mg-ATP, and Ca-ion concentrations, was studied. Compared to the cell model of Paramecium, the Tetrahymena cell model had higher sensitivity toward Ca-ion in the reactivation medium. The effects of chlorpromazine, and inhibitor of calmodulin, on the swimming behavior of the cell models were studied.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970050405
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  • 42
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    Analysis of dust and surface swab samples for octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins by fused silica capillary GC with EC detection (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 12-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Fused silica capillary columns ; Electron capture detection ; Octachlorobenzo-p-dioxin ; Heptachlorobenzo-p-dioxin ; Polychlorinated dibenzofurans ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method is described for the analysis of contaminated building dust samples and surface swab samples for octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (OCDD) and heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins (HpCDDs). The samples were analyzed by fused silica capillary GC combined with electron capture detection. Analysis was preceded by a short HPLC cleanup step designed to remove polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and other compounds that might interfere. The method was found to work successfully on surface swab and dust samples known to contain PCBs, OCDD, and HpCDDs. The overall recovery of the analysis procedure for OCDD was found to be approximately 80%. The detection limit for the method was sample dependent, but for one typical set of surface swab samples was 0.2 μg/m2 of OCDD.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240080104
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  • 43
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Liquid butane as a solvent for static coating of capillary columns (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 32-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Glass and fused silica capillary columns ; Coating time and efficiency ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240080109
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  • 44
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    Electronic Resource
    High performance liquid chromatographic method for 2,3-dinor-6-keto-prostaglandin F1α (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 88-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; High speed HPLC ; Profiling ; Prostaglandins ; 2,3-Dinor-6-keto-prostaglandin F1α ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240080210
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  • 45
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240080301
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  • 46
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gravity flow circular TLC (GFC/TLC): Concept and considerations (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 265-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Thin-layer chromatography, TLC ; Circular mode ; Gravity mode ; Gas chromatography, GC ; Capillary columns ; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240080509
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  • 47
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrogenation in the ng-μg range using pre-absorbed hydrogen on fixed Pd catalyst (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 144-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-MS ; Structural determination ; Hydrogenation ; Microchemical method ; Pheromones ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240080309
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  • 48
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Product news (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 156-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240080315
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  • 49
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    Electronic Resource
    Editorial (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 169-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240080402
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  • 50
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simulated distillatin of atmospheric residues using short pyrex capillary columns (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 193-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Atmospheric residue ; Capilary columns ; Gas chromatography ; Pyrex ; Simulated distillation (SIMDIS) ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240080409
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  • 51
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    Electronic Resource
    Chromatography calendar (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 200-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240080413
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  • 52
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    Electronic Resource
    Effect of the type of salt on separation of proteins in high performance hydrophobic interaction chromatography on TSKgel phenyl-5PW (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 306-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, LC ; Hydrophobic interaction chromatography, HIC ; Separation of proteins ; Type of salt ; TSKgel phenyl-5PW ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240080610
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  • 53
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    Separation of enantiomers on crosslinked acetylcellulose (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 37-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Racemate separation ; Crosslinked acetylcellulose as chiral matrix ; Polarimetry ; UV-detection ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240080111
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  • 54
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    Electronic Resource
    Non-aqueous ion exchange chromatography, an alternative to buffered silica gel (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 256-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Non-aqueous ion exchange ; Abietanoic diterpenoids ; Coleons, royleanones ; Quinone methides, hydroxyquinones ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method is described for the HPLC separation of moderately acidic, dehydrated, and multi-oxygenated diterpenoids, compounds which hitherto could not be handled by HPLC. It is based on chemically bonded silica strong cation exchangers in the protonated form, using organic solvents of the full polarity range as eluents. Thus a stable and easy-to-regenerate substitute for buffered silica gel is obtained.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240080507
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  • 55
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    High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) interfaced with an electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer; its application in the determination of micro quantities of metalloporphyrins (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 269-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Electron paramagnetic resonance, EPR ; Metalloporphyrins ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240080511
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  • 56
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    Electronic Resource
    The determination of sugars by high performance liquid chromatography using a novel bonded phase column and selective post column colorimetric detection (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 290-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Post column, colorimetric detection ; Sugars ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240080604
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  • 57
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    High resolution gas chromatographic analysis of monocyclic terpene alcohols (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 301-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Glass capillary columns ; Kovats retention indices ; Monocyclic terpene alcohols ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240080607
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  • 58
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Discussion of short communication (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 94-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240080213
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  • 59
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    Electronic Resource
    1985 Tswett chromatography medals awarded to Knox, Macek, and Poole (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 318-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240080614
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  • 60
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrothermal treatment of fused silica capillary columns (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 326-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Fused silica capillary columns ; Deactivation ; Hydrothermal treatment ; Wettability of fused silica ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The activity of fused silica capillary tubing has been shown to vary considerably, which severely influences the reproducibility of column deactivation and inertness. Methods for producing a reproducible, high activity surface with maximum hydroxylation by various hydrothermal treatments were evaluated. Columns pretreated with 20% nitric acid at 200°C for 10 hours, deactivated with D4, coated with OV-73, and crosslinked with azo-tert-butane were found to possess excellent inertness for sensitive analytes such as alcohols, amines, and alkaloid drugs.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240080702
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  • 61
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    Electronic Resource
    HRGC effluent splitter for solvent peak suppression (heart cutting) and multiple detection (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 357-359 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Fused silica capillary columns ; Effluent splitter ; Heart cutting ; Multiple detection ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240080707
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  • 62
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    Electronic Resource
    Monte Carlo model of multi-site adsorption (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 364-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Monte Carlo model of adsorption ; Multi-site adsorption ; Chemically bound stationary phases ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240080710
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  • 63
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    Product news (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 371-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240080714
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  • 64
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    Deactivation of fused silica capillary columns with phenylhydrosiloxanes (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 378-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Fused silica capillary columns ; Deactivation ; Phenylhydrosiloxanes ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In this work, an investigation of new organosilicon hydride reagents with phenyl functional groups for deactivation and surface modification of fused silica capillary columns is described. Different reagents were tested for their ability to deactivate the fused silica surface, and actual critical surface tension measurements were made using the capillary rise method. The deactivation procedure required lower optimum temperatures than conventional methods. Deactivated capillaries and coated capillary columns were prepared and tested for reproducibility, efficiency, and surface inertness towards basic and acidic compounds at the low nanogram level.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240080803
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  • 65
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    Comparative chemical analysis of commercial creosotes and solvent refined coal-II materials by high resolution gas chromatography (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 283-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Fused silica capillary columns ; Microbial mutagenicity ; Solvent refined coal ; Creosote oils ; Polyaromatic hydrocarbons ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The chemical composition of a commercially available creosote was compared to a direct coal liquefaction product, i.e., solvent refined coal-II fuel oil blend (SRC-II FOB) using high resolution gas chromatography (HRGC). In addition, hydrogenated products of these materials were studied. Samples were fractionated by chemical class on neutral alumina. Those fractions previously shown to be the most mutagenic and tumorigenic in laboratory bioassays of coal-derived materials were analyzed and compared by HRGC and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Individual components were tentatively identified and quantitated. Although similar chemical components were present in the creosote and SRC-II FOB fractions studied, the creosotes had higher concentrations of heavy molecular weight materials and a lower ratio of alkylated to parent polycyclic aromatic compounds than the coal liquefaction products. The creosote samples also had a significantly higher concentration of components which eluted in the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) chemical class fraction. Amino-substituted PAH were present in both nonhydrogenated coal liquid and creosote materials. The creosote and SRC-II FOB crudes and nitrogen-containing polycyclic aromatic compound (NPAC) chemical class fractions expressed similar microbial mutagenicity. Based on chemical analysis data, the predicted tumorigenic potency of the creosote in laboratory bioassay systems would be equivalent to or greater than the SRC-II FOB.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240080603
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  • 66
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    To the editors (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 308-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240080611
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  • 67
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    Product news (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 313-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240080613
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  • 68
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    Some applications of capillary gas chromatography in the chemical industry (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 521-524 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Fused silica capillary columns ; Mixture and trace analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: About three years ago, fused silica capillary columns were introduced in the Quality Control Laboratory of the Shell refinery/chemical complex at Pernis. In general, long, thick-film, wide-bore capillary columns are used together with low split ratios and hydrogen as carrier gas. These conditions enable the analysis of relatively large sample amounts, resulting in low detection limits for the minor components without overloading by the major components, while still maintaining a satisfactory resolution. A number of applications are shown, such as the analysis of complex mixtures, the determination of trace impurities and the analysis of residual volatiles in polymers.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240080907
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    A fast procedure to immobilize polyethylene glycols in glass capillary columns (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 535-538 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Glass capillary columns ; Polyethylene glycol immobilization ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polyethylene glycols can be immobilized in glass capillary columns by a new procedure involving covering the glass walls with a layer of graphitized carbon black and by flowing a mixture of the stationary phase and dicumyl peroxide. After curing and conditioning the column is ready for use. Excellent performance is reported for Carbowax 20 M and high molecular weight glycols. For other glycols the immobilized layer is less stable and can be washed out.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240080911
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  • 70
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    Application of the “cooled needle” technique to split and splitless sampling onto capillary columns (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 572-575 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Capillary columns ; Cooled needle sampling ; Split injection ; Splitless injection ; Simulated distillation ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Cooled needle sampling using syringes was applied to splitless injection and to simulated distillation analyses. Slight changes of the construction of the previous device are also described. The changes concern the temperature profile within the injector and especially the vaporization insert. Even with the low carrier gas flow through the injector during splitless injection, discrimination by component volatility can be avoided. Precision and accuracy of simulated distillation data obtained with split sampling also can be improved by the cooled needle technique.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240080919
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  • 71
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    Packed columns vs. wall coated open tubular columns in quantitative analyses of polychlorinated biphenyls (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 585-590 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Fused silica capillary columns ; Glass packed columns ; Polychlorinated biphenyls ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This article describes and critically evaluates a complete method for the quantitation of PCB in sediment samples. The extraction and clean-up procedure is described. Packed column and capillary column results are compared. Capillary column quantitation yields lower values for total PCB loading. Preferences for capillary column quantitation are discussed and explained. Capillary quantitation is based on the combination of an external Aroclor standard and an internal decachlorobiphenyl standard for normalizing data. In light of the recent report of synthesis of all 209 PCB congeners a suggestion is made to use these as absolute standards to establish a bank of primary standard Aroclors.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240080922
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  • 72
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    Temperature programmed retention indices: Calculation from isothermal data. Part 2: Results with nonpolar columns (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 611-617 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Temperature programmed retention indices ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The procedure for calculating linear temperature programmed indices as described in part 1 has been evaluated using five different nonpolar columns, with OV-1 as the stationary phase. For fourty-three different solutes covering five different classes of components, including n-alkanes and alkyl-aromatic compounds, both isothermal and temperature programmed indices were determined. The isothermal information was used to calculate temperature programmed indices. For several linear programmed conditions accuracies better than 0.51T-units were usually obtained. The results are compared with published procedures.It is demonstrated that isothermal retention information obtained on one column can be transferred to another column with the same stationary phase but different column dimensions and/or phase ratio. The temperature programmed indices calculated in this way also have an accuracy better than 0.51T-u.The temperature accuracy and precision of the GC-instrumentation used was of the order of 0.1°C. All calculations can be run with a Basic-programmed microcomputer.
    Additional Material: 12 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240080927
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  • 73
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    A study of some deactivation methods for fused silica capillary columns by CP-MAS NMR and capillary gas chromatography (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 664-672 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Fused silica capillary columns ; CP-MAS NMR ; Deactivation methods ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effect of deactivating a fused silica surface by silylation with 1,1,3,3-tetraphenyl-1,3-dimethylilazane (TPDMDS), triphenylsilylamine (TPSA), and octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) and by polydimethylsiloxane degradation (PSD) is studied. Rehydrated, dried, and deactivated Cab-O-Sil M5 samples are used as model materials for 29Si CP-MAS NMR analysis.At about 350 °C, TPDMDS yelds mainly diphenylmethylsiloxysilane, dimethyldisiloxysilane, and triphenylsiloxysilane groups. TPSA yields phenyltrisiloxysilane, diphenyldisiloxysilane, and triphenylsiloxysilane groups. At 400°C, the products formed initially are eventually replaced by methyltrisiloxysilane or phenyltrisiloxysilane groups, while a substantial number of silanol groups still remains. The possible consequences for wettability are discussed.D4 reacts with Cab-O-Sil even at 200°C, but a large number of silanol groups remains. This number decreases gradually at higher temperatures and becomes negligible above 400°C. The formation of methyltrisiloxysilane groups, which starts at 425°C, is predominant at 490°C.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240081005
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  • 74
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    Coupled HPLC-capillary GC - state of the art and outlook (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 726-733 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Coupled HPLC-capillary GC ; Retention gap ; Concurrent solvent evaporation ; Extraction techniques ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: HPLC fractions involving eluents of low to intermediate polarity can be introduced into capillary GC using the retention gap technique. Partial or complete solvent evaporation during sample introduction reduces the length of, or almost eliminates, the zone in the column inlet (retention gap) flooded by the introduced liquid, allowing introduction of larger HPLC fractions and/or use of shorter retention gaps. The corresponding techniques are reviewed. The retention gap technique is poorly suited for water-containing HPLC eluents (reversed phase HPLC) and fails completely if HPLC eluents contain, e.g., buffer salts. Various techniques for extracting such HPLC eluents are considered, preference being given to extraction into GC stationary phases from where solutes are thermally desorbed into the GC separation column. Limiting factors are diffusion of solutes within the liquid phase to be extracted and retention power of the extraction tubes.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240081107
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  • 75
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    Automatic system for rapid analysis of volatile compounds by purge-and-cold-trapping/capillary gas chromatographyDedicated to Professor Kurt Grob on the occasion of his retirement. Paper presented at the Sixth International Symposium on Capillary chromatography, 1985. (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 755-763 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Automatic analysis of volatiles ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A system for automatic analysis of volatile compounds by purge-and-cold-trapping/capillary gas chromatography is described. It is suitable for analysis of volatile compounds in a wide variety of samples, such as water, food products and environmental samples. Possibilities and limitations of the system are evaluated in relation to several parameters. The efficiency of different types of cryogenic trap (open tubular, coated, packed) is also investigated; it depends on purge-flow rate, temperature of trapping, and total purge volume. Examples of the analysis of volatile compounds in foods and water are given.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240081111
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  • 76
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    On-line multidimensional chromatography using supercritical carbon dioxide (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 824-828 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Supercritical fluid chromatography, SFC ; Aromatic hydrocarbons ; Multidimensional chromatography ; Normal and reversed phase ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A two-dimensional chromatographic separation is described which makes use of the unusual properties of supercritical carbon dioxide mobile phase. This solvent has the property of giving a separation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) on amine-bonded columns similar to that given by usual normal-phase solvents, and on octadecylsilane-bonded columns similar to that given by usual reversed-phase solvents.Packed columns were used, arranged so that they could be switched in or out of the solvent flow. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon mixtures isolated from coal tar were fractionated according to number of aromatic carbon atoms on an amine-bonded column, and these fractions were trapped on an octadecysilane-bonded column. They were subsequently eluted according to the polarity of the individual compounds. Separations from fractions containing 16 and 18 aromatic carbon atoms are shown.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240081203
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  • 77
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    The application of gradient saturation in unidimensional planar chromatography of polar lipids. Part 2: Optimization of the system (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 838-842 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Thin-layer chromatography, HPTLC ; Elution characteristics ; Temperature effect ; Solvent polarity effect ; Polar lipids ; Boric acid ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240081206
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  • 78
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    Accurate sampling of sub-atmospheric pressure gas samples for gas chromatography (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 852-853 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Gas sampling ; Gas analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240081210
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  • 79
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    UV detection of solvent peaks in liquid chromatography with mixed eluents (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 860-862 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, LC ; Solvent peaks ; Mixed eluents ; UV-visualization ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240081214
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  • 80
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    Automatic simulated distillation of heavy petroleum fractions up to 800°C TBP by capillary gas chromatography. Part I: Possibilities and limits of the method (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 771-781 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Simulated distillation ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The characterization of heavy petroleum fractions is essential for the design and improvement of cracking plants converting heavy feedstock into valuable “white” products. Conventional simulated distillation methods using packed columns are unsuitable for this purposes, being limited to boiling points up to about 600°C. The method presented is able to cover a boiling points interval ranging from about 150°C up to around 800°C. It employs a short, nonpolar, highly thermostable capillary column routinely operated at temperatures around 430°C. The analytical system is based on a high temperature versions of a fully automatic, capillary dedicated gas chromatograph. The experimental data demonstrate that cold on-column injection is the sole sampling system suitable for such heavy compounds. The conversion of the retention times into boiling points, based on the use of low molecular weight polyethylenes, is extremely reliable, as demonstrated by the excellent retention time reproducibilities. The lower part (up to 550-600°C TBP) of the boiling point distribution curves of heavy petroleum fractions obtained on capillary columns fits well with the corresponding distribution curves based on packed column data. For the petroleum fractions fully eluted from the column the quantitative results obtained either using internal standards or by direct processing of the elution curves are in excellent agreement (less than 0.3 weight% differences). The method has been applied to the determination of the true boiling points corresponding to short path vacuum distillation (DISTACT) cut points over 300°C.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240081113
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    Efficiency race or optimization of separation in capillary GC. Application to steroid analysis (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 807-810 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary gas chromatography (CGC) ; High resolution ; High efficiency ; Optimal elution temperature ; Ketosteroids ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240081119
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  • 82
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    Synthesis of siloxane stationary phases for capillary gas chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 816-823 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Fused silica capillary columns ; Stationary phase synthesis ; Cyclic siloxanes ; Supercritical fluid chromatography, SFC ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A comparison is made between dichlorosilanes and cyclic siloxanes as starting materials in the synthesis of stationary phases for capillary gas chromatography (CGC) and supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). Siloxanes containing one or more of the side groups methyl, vinyl, phenyl, and cyanoethyl in various ratios were synthesized and compared. These phases were characterized by chromatographic (gel permeation, GPC), spectroscopic (IR, 1H NMR, 29Si NMR), and thermal (DSC) methods. Coated fused silica columns were evaluated with respect to polarity, crosslinkability with several free-radical initiators, and thermal stability. A new liquid phase, 7% cyanoethyl, 7% phenyl, 1% vinyl methyl polysiloxane is shown to be more polar than OV-1701, more temperature stable, easily crosslinked and suitable for use in supercritical fluid chromatography.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240081202
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  • 83
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    The science of chromatography. The A. J. P. Martin honorary symposium. Urbino, May 27-31, 1985 (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 847-848 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240081208
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  • 84
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    A device for monitoring the static coating of capillary columns for gas-liquid chromatography (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 693-694 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas-liquid chromatography, GLC ; Capillary columns ; Static coating ; Monitoring device ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240081011
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  • 85
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    Diethylene glycol in wine (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 863-866 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary GC ; Retentention hole ; Wine analysis ; Diethylene glycol determination ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240081215
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  • 86
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    Gas chromatographic - mass spectrometric analysis of compounds generated upon thermal degradation of some stationary phases in gas chromatography - Part IIPart I: see [14]. (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 734-740 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ; Capillary columns ; Stationary phases ; Silicones ; Thermal degradation ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The applicability of capillary columns for gas chromatography is often limited by stationary phase degradation at elevated temperatures. In order to achieve a better understanding of column thermostability, column bleed products have been analyzed qualitatively by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Three silicone stationary phases were studied: SE-52, SE-54, and OV-1701. Each of these was immobilized in the columns. The proportion of cyclics containing diphenyl in column bleed from SE-52 reflected to a large extent the composition of the polymer, while for SE-54 the proportion of such cyclics was unexpectedly high. The polar moiety of OV-1701, the cyanopropyl(phenyl)siloxy unit, was found to exert a highly destabilizing effect on the polymer, and the thermal degradation products consisted mainly of cyclosiloxanes containing this unit.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240081108
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    Selectivity and selectivity tuning in capillary gas chromatographyOn the occasion of his retirement, we dedicate this paper to Professor Kurt Grob and his wife. (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 782-798 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary gas chromatography ; Selectivity ; Selectivity tuning ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The selection of stationary phases in capillary gas chromatography is discussed. Methyl silicone, phenyl methyl silicone, trifluoropropylmethyl silicone, biscyanopropyl silicone, and high molecular weight (HMW) polyethylene glycol are considered to be the basic phases. Selectivities and polarities between these phases are obtained by selectivity tuning. Selectivity tuning can be performed in three different ways, namely by synthesizing a tuned stationary phase, by mixing the basic phases, or by coupling capillary columns of different selectivities. In coupling capillary columns the variables are column length, β-value, temperature, and/or pressure.
    Additional Material: 27 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240081114
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  • 88
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    Masthead (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240080101
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  • 89
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    Septumless device for injecting samples into a gas chromatograph (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 34-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Injecting liquid samples ; Septumless sample injection ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240080110
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  • 90
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    Some applications of a commercial light scattering detector for liquid chromatography (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 39-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Mass detector ; Carbohydrates ; Heavy petroleum distillates ; Hormonal steroids ; Nonionic surfactants ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240080112
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  • 91
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    Capillary GC on-column injection of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins: Elimination of peak splitting and distortion through injector temperature control (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 98-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Capillary columns ; On-column injection ; Injector temperature control ; Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240080214
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  • 92
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    Identification and quantification of diesel fuel components derived from off-shore drilling operation discharges (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 4-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, GC/MS ; Fused silica capillary columns ; Drilling muds ; Diesel fuel ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A GC/MS technique that provides quantitative and qualitative information on diesel fuel components in drilling muds is described. Several low molecular mass aromatic components of diesel fuel are identified as indicators of diesel fuel. The presence and relative concentration of these indicators is used to identify diesel fuel contamination. This information can be used to approximate the amount of diesel fuel contamination in off-shore drilling discharges.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240080102
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    Preparative HPLC. Part 2. Purification of β-lactam derivatives using laboratory-assembled equipment (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 23-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Preparative liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Aminopropyl silica bonded phases ; β-Lactams ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The capabilities of a preparative chromatograph assembled at moderate cost from commercially available components are examined in relation to the purification of β-lactam derivatives. It is shown that high efficiency separations can be achieved rapidly, economically, and on a scale sufficient to provide adequate quantities of material for spectroscopic identification and biological testing. In the synthesis of a large batch of aminopropyl silica for preparative HPLC purification of an impure sample of cephacetrile, three different grades of silica were investigated. The material giving the best performance was prepared on a 100 g scale and baseline separations for 0.5 g loadings of the impure cephacetrile were obtained on a 30 cm × 2.2 cm i.d. column. The pure cephalosporin was recovered in high yield by freeze drying of the eluate.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240080106
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  • 94
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    Electronic Resource
    Contemporary practice of chromatography. C. F. Poole and S. A. Schuette, Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, New York, 708 pp., $61.25, 1984 (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 320-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240080616
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  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sequential centrifugal layer chromatography (SCLC): A New technique for the isolation of natural compounds. Part 1: Description of the method and practical aspects (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 73-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Preparative planar chromatography, PPC ; Sequential centrifugal layer chromatography, SCLC ; Centrifugal layer chromatography, CLC ; Circular development ; Anticircular development ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Sequential centrifugal layer chromatography (SCLC), a new preparative planar separation technique, combines the advantages of preparative centrifugal layer chromatography (CLC) and analytical, horizontal, anticircular, and sequential thin-layer chromatography (TLC). In this on-line preparative method, solvent delivery is locally and temporally variable, which means that the mobile phase can be brought onto the plate at any desired place.The SCLC apparatus operates in two modes: circular, with the help of centrifugal force in an inclined position, and anticircular, by means of capillary action in a horizontal position. These two operation modes can be combined and repeated as often as required, hence the separation space becomes practically unlimited. In this way the capacity and separation performance is significantly increased.In the present paper the apparatus and the method are described and some practical aspects are mentioned.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240080204
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modern liquid chromatography of Macromolecules. B. G. Belenkii and L. Z. Vilenchik, Elsevier, 432 pp (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 369-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240080712
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HPTLC separation and determination of cobalt, copper and nickel as diethyldithiocarbamates (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 366-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Thin-layer chromatography, HPTLC ; Quantitative analysis ; Metallic complexes ; Diethyldithiocarbomates ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240080711
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Column switching applied to capillary gas chromatography/fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 385-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Fused silica capillary columns ; Column switching ; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A dual oven gas chromatograph incorporating a micro, mechanical switching valve has been interfaced to an FTIR spectrometer. With this system, each oven can be operated with independent temperature control. Complete choice of the columns' type and capacity gives flexibility in the separation prior to spectroscopic evaluation. An application which demonstrates some of the advantages of column switching in GC/FTIR is presented. Minor sample components have been successfully analyzed by heart-cutting the appropriate section of the separation from a high to a low capacity column. In this way, the dynamic range of the technique is effectively increased while an efficient chromatographic inlet to the FTIR is maintained.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240080804
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Total steroid profiling with capillary GC. Details on sample preparation (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 400-403 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Capillary columns, FSOT ; Steroid profiling ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The accuracy and reproducibility of steroid and steroid conjugate determinations using capillary GC are evaluated. It is possible to analyze many unconjugated steroids, steroid sulfates, and some steroid glucuronides simultaneously, simply by using group fractionation based on successive hydrolysis and solvent extraction steps. However, a reliable determination of corticosteroid glucuronides can only be obtained after previous isolation of the glucuronides as a group, with ion exchange chromatography. In complex chromatograms, the combined use of nitrogen specific detection and flame ionization detection facilitates peak identification.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240080808
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multidimensional separation of isomeric species of chlorinated hydrocarbons such as PCB, PCDD, and PCDF (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 395-400 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Multidimensional gas chromatography, GC ; Capillary columns ; Electron capture detection ; Flame ionization detection ; Double oven instrument ; Kovats indices ; Halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A multidimensional GC-system containing two capillary columns of different polarities, operated within a double oven instrument, was used for the optimized separation of complex isomeric mixtures of various types of chlorinated aromatic compounds such as PCB, PCDD, or PCDF. Electron capture was applied parallel to flame ionization detection to obtain sensitive signals of the PCB or PCDD and the n-alkane standards required for identification by Kovats indices, respectively. Electron capture detection within a valvelessly operated MDGC system forced changes in the usual instrumental set-up, the live-switching coupling piece being located within the second oven of the double oven instrument. This oven is operated isothermally to ensure optimal and interference-free detection, for stable flow conditions within the coupling piece and for the determination of the isothermal retention indices (Kovats), which are much more suitable for identification by retention than the so-called “linear” indices.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240080807
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