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  • 1995-1999  (2,012)
  • 1995  (2,012)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (1,554)
  • Genetics  (327)
  • Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
  • Nuclear reactions
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Years
  • 1995-1999  (2,012)
Year
Keywords
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of B-cell lines from SLE patients and their relatives (1995)
    Springer
    Rheumatology international 15 (1995), S. 89-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-160X
    Keywords: SLE Lupus ; BBV transformation ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Epstein-Barr-virus (EBV)-transformed lymphoblastoid B-cell lines were generated from peripheral blood lymphocytes of 55 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 44 healthy relatives. All donors have previously been extensively characterized with regard to clinical, serologic, and genetic parameters. Here, peripheral blood lymphocytes and lines were characterized for cell surface antigens. Furthermore, autoantibody production and proliferation rate of the cell lines were monitored. A significant difference between patients and relatives was the lower proliferation rate of EBV-transformed cell lines of the SLE patients. All SLE cell lines are available for interested researches and can be obtained from the European Cell Bank, Salisbury, UK.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00302123
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic mapping of adrenergic receptor genes in humans (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 73 (1995), S. 299-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Adrenergic receptors ; Human genetics ; Restriction fragment length polymorphism ; Chromosome mapping ; Linkage ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have genetically mapped the genes encoding four human adrenergic receptors (ARs) of subtypes α1C, α2A, α2B, and β1, which are prototypic G protein coupled receptors that mediate the physiological effects of neurotransmitters, hormones, and drugs. We placed these genes onto the Cooperative Human Linkage Center (CHLC) and Genethon framework maps, within confidence intervals with greater than 1000∶1 odds. With multipoint analysis the α1C gene (locus ADRA1C) mapped to the interval between NEFL and D8S283; α2-C4, the gene encoding the α2C AR (locus ADRA2C), mapped to the interval between D4S126 and D4S62; and the α2-C10 (α2A AR)/β1 haplotype (loci ADRA2A/ ADRB1) mapped to the interval between D10S259 and D10S187. A fifth AR gene, β2, yielded significant LOD scores with markers on the long arm of chromosome 5; however, this locus (ADRB2) could not be mapped to any specific interval with odds of greater than 1000∶1. The two AR genes that are completely linked, α2-C10 and β1, were oriented on their shared 225-kb genomic fragment relative to the direction of transcription, with β1 being 5′ to α2-C10. The positioning of these genes on high-density framework maps allows them to be tested as candidates in a spectrum of diseases that might involve AR dysfunction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00231616
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Insertion/deletion polymorphism in the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene associated with macroangiopathy and blood pressure in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 73 (1995), S. 307-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Atherosclerosis ; Hypertension ; Type 2 diabetes ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In the search for new risk factors for diabetic macroangiopathy the insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene was studied in 237 consecutive patients (125 men and 112 women) with non-insulin-dependent diabetes. The female population showed an excess of ischemic electro-cardiographic changes or definite myocardial infarctions in the patients homozygous for the deletion [D/D; odds ratio (OR) 2.8; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4–5.3] and in the insertion/deletion heterozygotes (I/D; OR 1.8; CI 1.1–3.1) compared with the patients homozygous for the insertion (I/I). In the total series coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and claudication were more often observed in the patients with I/D (OR 1.5; CI 1.0–2.2) or the D/D genotype patients (OR 1.7; CI 1.1–2.6) than in those with the genotype I/I. The systolic blood pressure was lower in patients with genotype I/I (138±19 mmHg) than in those with the genotype I/D (149±22 mmHg) or D/D (150±21 mmHg; P〈0.02). The prevalence of hypertension and the median urinary albumin excretion rate also tended to be lowest in the I/I genotype patients. Multiple logistic analysis revealed that in women the angiotensin-converting enzyme D/D genotype is independently associated with coronary heart disease. Our findings suggest that variation at the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene locus is one of the factors involved in the predisposition of diabetic patients to the development of arterial disease and hypertension.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00231617
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mixed desmoplastic primitive neuroepithelial tumor of infancy: a light microscopic, immunocytochemical, ultrastructural and genetic study (1995)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 89 (1995), S. 99-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Primitive neuroepithelial tumor ; Desmoplastic small cell tumor ; Brain tumor of infancy Immunocytochemistry ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We describe a case of a desmoplastic brain tumor which was initially resected from the right fronto-temporal region in a 2 year-old boy. This nodular, calcified tumor was vascularized by the internal carotid artery and the middle meningeal artery branches. Grossly, it contained several mucoid cysts. Light microscopy showed cords or nests of small cuboidal cells surrounded by a loose connective tissue and desmoplasic areas containing fibers and spindle cells. The cuboidal cells expressed epithelial, neuronal and neuroendocrine markers. Some foci of spindle cells showed glial differentiation. The tumor recurred 16 months later and displayed some characteristics of the small cell neuroepithelial component, mitoses being conspicuous. Electron microscopy revealed undifferentiated clear cells, some containing neurosecretory granules. Karyotyping demonstrated the following formula: 〈 15 〉 46, t(8;11) (a13; q11). The chromosome 11 breakpoint was different from that described in Ewing's sarcoma. This isolated translocation has not been previously reported to our knowledge. These unusual features lead us to report this case and to discuss its pathogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294266
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sex segregation ratio and gender expression in the genus Actinidia (1995)
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 8 (1995), S. 129-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Keywords: Sex control ; Disomic segregation ; Dioecy Kiwifruit ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The sex segregation ratio was checked in bi-parental families of Actinidia deliciosa (2n=6x=174) obtained by crossing four females (A12, Mo3, Br4, Hw1) with two males (T2, M1) and one fruiting male (M3h, subandroecious) according to a factorial mating design. The M3h fruiting male was also selfed. The sex ratio was checked in maternal families of A. kolomikta (2n=2x) and A. chinensis (2n=2x) as well as in A. deliciosa. Seedlings of both diploid species took 3–4 years to progress beyond juvenility, whereas a noticeable number of seedlings from biparental crosses of A. deliciosa involving A12 and Hw1 as seed parents were still non-flowering after seven growing seasons. Open-pollinated families of both diploid and hexaploid species as well as most families from biparental crosses showed a sex segregation ratio approaching 1∶1. Subandroecious lines with different degrees of ovary and pistil development appeared in proportions of 0–4.2%, depending on the cross, but only 6 of the 2567 male vines checked were capable of setting fruit. No case of self-fertility or apomixis was detected among 1866 bagged female vines. Selfed M3h progenies gave only female and male phenotypes in a ratio of 1 female to 3 males. No off-type vines were found among these progenies. The same disomic sex segregation ratio seems to be operating at different ploidy levels in the genus Actinidia. Since selfed fruiting males produced both female and male individuals, the male sex appears to be the heterogametic one. Such evidence indicates that a monofactorial system based on one or more linked genes or on an X/Y chromosome set must be controlling sex expression. How a monofactorial sex-determining mechanism could operate in polyploids to give a 1∶1 female: male ratio is discussed. Minor modifying gene(s) seem to be responsible for the feminization of males, and their expression appears enhanced by environmental conditions. Masculinizing gene(s) seem to be lacking in female genotypes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00242255
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Opioid operant self-administration, analgesia, stimulation and respiratory depression inμ-deficient mice (1995)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 117 (1995), S. 23-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Opioid ; Genetics ; Self-administration ; CXBK/ByJ ; Reinforcement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract It is commonly thought thatμ-receptors play an important role in the reinforcing effects of opioids. In the present study, inbred strains widely divergent in CNS opiate receptor densities were used to investigate the influence of genetic variation in receptor concentration on opioid-reinforced behavior. In particular, the CXBK/ByJ mice were used as an investigative tool because of their significantly lower number of CNSμ opioid receptors. The behavioral pharmacology of opioids in theμ-deficient CXBK/ByJ mice was compared to other commonly used inbred mouse strains, C57BL/6J and BALB/cJ, and the opiate receptor rich CXBH/ByJ mice. Operant opioid reinforced behavior, opioid-induced locomotor stimulation, analgesia and respiratory depression were investigated in all four inbred strains. To assess the acquisition and maintenance of opioid reinforced behavior, oral self-administration of the potent benzimidazole opioid, etonitazene, was determined using an operant fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement (FR 8). Acquisition of etonitazene-reinforced behavior was established in all four strains including theμ-deficient CXBK/ByJ mice. However, there were significant genetic differences in the amount of drug intake during the maintenance of opioid-reinforced behavior and extinction behavior following vehicle substitution. For example, drug intake was significantly greater in the BK versus BH mice during the maintenance phase and an extinction burst was seen in the BH but not the BK mice following vehicle substitution. Thus,μ-receptor density may not account for individual variability in the acquisition of opioid-reinforced behavior under these conditions. Sensitivity to etonitazene-induced respiratory depression, stimulation of locomotor activity and analgesia were unrelated to drug intake during self-administration sessions across these four inbred strains. These data indicate that inherited differences in CNSμ-opiate receptor concentrations do not affect acquisition of etonitazene-reinforced behavior.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02245094
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromosomal mapping of loci influencing sensitivity to cocaine-induced seizures in BXD recombinant inbred strains of mice (1995)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 117 (1995), S. 62-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Cocaine ; Quantitative trait loci ; Seizure ; Recombinant inbred strains ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Among inbred mice, genetic factors mediate differences in sensitivity to the convulsant properties of cocaine; however, the gene(s) underlying cocaine's effects have not been identified. To help elucidate the gene(s) responsible for cocaine seizure susceptibility, we used recombinant inbred-quantitative trait loci (RI-QTL) analyses to identify chromosomal loci associated with cocaine-induced seizures. RI-QTL analyses seek to identify associations between a quantitative measure of a particular phenotype and one or more previously mapped marker genes across a panel of RI strains. This report describes an RI-QTL analysis of cocaine seizure susceptibility among 26 BXD RI strains. These strains showed a skewed, bimodal range of seizure susceptibility which could be the result of one or more modifying genes acting in concert with a major gene to influence cocaine sensitivity. Correlating the percent seizures displayed by each strain following 60 mg/kg cocaine with chromosomal marker data for these strains revealed a number of significant correlations clustered in two regions on chromosomes 12 and 6. This is the first identification of putative chromosomal loci associated with a cocaine-related phenotype and should facilitate identification of the gene(s) underlying cocaine toxicity and other cocaine-related phenotypes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02245099
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic counselling on brittle grounds: recurring osteogenesis imperfecta due to parental mosaicism for a dominant mutation (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 154 (1995), S. 123-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Osteogenesis imperfecta ; Collagen I ; Mosaicism ; Genetics ; Recurrence risk
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), a dominantly inherited connective tissue disorder, is usually caused by defects in collagen I. There is growing evidence for parental mosaicism that results in affected children born to unaffected parents. This situation poses a difficult task for the geneticist because a mosaic parent may appear clinically healthy while carrying the mutation in a fraction of her or his gonadal cells. To illustrate this problem, we report a Swiss couple whose first child was affected with severe OI. The unexpected recurrence of the disorder in the second child raised the suspicion of a recessive trait or, rather, of parental mosaicism. We identified the responsible collagen mutation in the COL1A2 gene (Gly688Ser in the α2(I)-chain) in both children and demonstrated the father to be a somatic mosaic for this mutation and to have subtle clinical signs such as soft skin and short stature that may be a result of his mosaic state.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310050261
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Floating-Harbor syndrome: description of a further patient, review of the literature, and suggestion of autosomal dominant inheritance (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 154 (1995), S. 658-661 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Floating-Harbor syndrome ; Growth retardation ; Dysmorphology ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Abstract The Floating-Harbor syndrome is a growth retardation syndrome with delayed bone age, speech development, and typical facial features. The face is triangular with deep-set eyes, long eyelashes, bulbous nose, wide columella, short philtrum, and thin lips. We present an additional patient and review 16 cases from the literature. The possible phenotype in the patient's mother suggests a dominant mode of inheritance for the syndrome. Conclusion The Floating Harbor syndrome is a growth deficiency syndrome characterized by proportionate short stature, characteristic face and delayed speech development. Inheritance is possibly autosomal dominant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02079072
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fetal brain disruption sequence in sisters (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 154 (1995), S. 654-657 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Fetal development ; Brain diseases ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report two female siblings with the fetal brain disruption sequence. Extensive investigation of both children failed to define a definitive aetiology but clinical and laboratory findings are consistent with a hitherto unknown storage disease. We postulate that the accumulation of a neurotoxic metabolite may be responsible for the disease phenotype observed. This is the first report of recurrence of the fetal brain disruption sequence and supports the existence of a genetic form of this condition. Previous reports have emphasized possible environmental aetiologies. Infants with fetal brain disruption sequence should be investigated exhaustively and, in the absence of definitive evidence of an environmental cause, the possibility of a genetic aetiology should be considered. In some families the recurrence risk may be as high as one in four.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02079071
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fetal brain disruption sequence in sisters (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 154 (1995), S. 654-657 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Fetal development ; Brain diseases ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report two female siblings with the fetal brain disruption sequence. Extensive investigation of both children failed to define a definitive aetiology but clinical and laboratory findings are consistent with a hitherto unknown storage disease. We postulate that the accumulation of a neurotoxic metabolite may be responsible for the disease phenotype observed. This is the first report of recurrence of the fetal brain disruption sequence and supports the existence of a genetic form of this condition. Previous reports have emphasized possible environmental aetiologies. Infants with fetal brain disruption sequence should be investigated exhaustively and, in the absence of definitive evidence of an environmental cause, the possibility of a genetic aetiology should be considered. In some families the recurrence risk may be as high as one in four.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310050366
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Floating-Harbor syndrome: description of a further patient, review of the literature, and suggestion of autosomal dominant inheritance (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 154 (1995), S. 658-661 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Floating-Harbor ; syndrome ; Growth retardation ; Dysmorphology ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The Floating-Harbor syndrome is a growth retardation syndrome with delayed bone age, speech development, and typical facial features. The face is triangular with deep-set eyes, long eyelashes, bulbous nose, wide columella, short philtrum, and thin lips. We present an additional patient and review 16 cases from the literature. The possible phenotype in the patient's mother suggests a dominant mode of inheritance for the syndrome. Conclusion The Floating Harbor syndrome is a growth deficiency syndrome characterized by proportionate short stature, characteristic face and delayed speech development. Inheritance is possibly autosomal dominant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310050367
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A genetic study of idiopathic focal dystonias (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 242 (1995), S. 508-511 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Dystonia ; Torticollis ; Blepharospasm ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The inheritance of focal dystonias was investigated in 43 families containing 43 index cases with torticollis (n = 21), blepharospasm (n = 18) and writer's cramp (n = 4). They generated a potential population of 235 first-degree relatives, and 168 out of 179 living first-degree relatives were examined. Ten relatives with dystonia were identified in ten families. Another two parents from two of the same group of ten families were affected according to the family history. The majority of the secondary cases (six patients, five siblings, and one child) were not aware of any dystonia. The tendency for affected relatives to have the same type of dystonia as index patients was observed only for torticollis. Overall, 23% of index patients had relatives with dystonia. Segregation analysis suggested the presence of an autosomal dominant gene or genes with reduced penetrante underlying focal dystonia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00867421
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetische Faktoren bei der Entstehung und Progression maligner Melanome (1995)
    Springer
    Der Hautarzt 46 (1995), S. 394-399 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1173
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Malignes Melanom ; Genetische Instabilität ; Genetik ; Syndrom der dysplastischen Nävi ; Xeroderma pigmentosum ; Key words Malignant melanoma ; Genetic instability ; Genetics ; Dysplastic nevus syndrome ; Xeroderma pigmentosum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Exposure of the skin to ultraviolet irradiation is an important risk factor for the development of malignant melanoma, with UVA possibly playing an important role. Hereditary factors are also relevant. In the dysplastic nevus syndrome a genetic instability has been shown by different methods. In xeroderma pigmentosum the DNA repair defect is thought to be responsible for the high incidence of malignant melanoma. Frequent and non-random changes in certain chromosomes have been demonstrated in melanoma cells. These might contain sequences that control melanoma growth or melanoma suppressor genes. Especially the short arm of chromosome 9 is thought to contain one of these genes. This hypothesis is supported by a genetic linkage analysis in melanoma families and the demonstration of a germ line deletion of the locus 9p21 in a patient with eight primary melanomas. Changes in known tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes have also been reported in melanoma, but no consistent sequence of genetic events is known.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Exposition der Haut mit ultravioletten Strahlen ist ein wichtiger Risikofaktor für die Entwicklung eines malignen Melanoms. Möglicherweise spielt hierbei UVA-A eine besondere Rolle. Daneben sind hereditäre Faktoren von Bedeutung. Während beim Syndrom der dysplastischen Nävi eine genetische Instabilität mit verschiedenen Methoden nachgewiesen wurde, wird bei Xeroderma pigmentosum der DNA-Reparaturdefekt für die hohe Melanominzidenz verantwortlich gemacht. In Melanomzellen sind überzufällig häufig karyotypische Veränderungen in bestimmten Chromosomen gefunden worden. Diese enthalten möglicherweise Melanomwachstumsregulierende Sequenzen oder Melanom-Suppressorgene. Insbesondere der kurze Arm des Chromosoms 9 steht in Verdacht, eines dieser Gene zu enthalten. Diese Hypothese wird auch unterstützt durch eine genetische Kopplungsanalyse an Melanomfamilien und dem Nachweis einer Keimbahndeletion des Lokus 9p21 bei einer Patientin mit 8 primären Melanomen. Veränderungen an bereits bekannten Tumorsuppressorgenen oder Onkogenen sind ebenfalls in Melanomen beschrieben worden, ohne daß jedoch eine konsistente Reihenfolge von genetischen Ereignissen bekannt wäre.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001050050272
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Myotonic dystrophy in a large Sicilian kinship: a case report (1995)
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 11 (1995), S. 453-455 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Myotonic ; Dystrophy ; Muscle disease ; Genetics ; Case report
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A large Sicilian kinship in which myotonic dystrophy (DM) affected spanning four generations is presented. The pedigree clearly illustrates the phenomenon of anticipation, and illustrates that this phenomenon is more marked when transmission occurs through an affected female rather than an affected male. The pedigree is interpreted in light of recent genetic advances in DM. Neurosurgeons and neurologists should consider a diagnosis of DM when asked to evaluate a floppy infant with enlarged lateral ventricles, and should be aware of special features regarding its inheritance pattern.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00334964
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of Japanese families with early-onset type 2 (non-insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus and screening for mutations in the glucokinase and mitochondrial tRNALeu(UUR) genes (1995)
    Springer
    Acta diabetologica 32 (1995), S. 17-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Keywords: Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) ; Genetics ; Diabetes mellitus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Genetic linkage studies of families with earlyonset type 2 diabetes have facilitated the identification of diabetes-susceptibility genes. In order to assess the feasibility of using linkage approaches to identify genes responsible for the development of type 2 diabetes in Japanese subjects, we examined our clinical records for multigenerational families suitable for genetic studies. We identified 16 families in which at least one subject was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes before 25 years of age. Seven of these families had a pattern of inheritance consistent with a diagnosis of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) and nine families showed a complex pattern of inheritance of type 2 diabetes with transmission of diabetes-susceptibility genes from both parents. The glucokinase and mitochondrial tRNALeu(UUR) genes were screened for mutations in at least one affected subject from each family in order to assess the contribution of mutations in these genes to the development of the diabetes. No mutations were found, which suggests that the diabetes in these families resulted from mutations in other genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00581039
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Domestication via hybridization of the wild tetraploid oats Avena magna and A. murphyi (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 91 (1995), S. 639-646 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Gene introgression ; Genetics ; Linkage ; Taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The wild tetraploid (2n=28) oat species Avena magna and A. murphyi have been domesticated by having been transferred from the common oat, A sativa (2n=42), the characteristics of non-shedding spikelets glabrous and yellow lemma, and reduced awn formation. Domestication has been achieved by crossing the common oat with either of the tetraploid species and then backcrossing the pentaploid hybrids with pollen of the tetraploid wild parent. Among the BC plants obtained only a few produced some seeds. Fertile tetraploids exhibiting the domesticated syndrome have been selected for in the F2 generation. Although morphologically they were almost indistinguishable from the common oat, they were tetraploids. Wild x domesticated A. magna hybrids were vigorous and fertile. They retained their spikelets at maturity, lemma color and pubescence were intermediate between the parental lines, and awns were formed only on the lower floret of the spikelet. Each of these characteristics segregated in a 3∶1 fashion, indicating single gene control, as in the common oat. These four characteristics formed a linkage group in one F2 family and two linkage groups in the other two families. The usefulness of the domesticated tetraploids for oat research and production has been discussed. Taxonomically, the domesticated tetraploids were ranked as subspecies: A. magna ssp. domestica, and A. murphyi ssp. rigida.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223291
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diallel analysis for mineral element absorption in tropical adapted soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 90 (1995), S. 707-713 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Mineral stress ; Nutrient efficiency ; Aluminium tolerance ; Inheritance ; Genetics ; Breeding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The Brazilian tropical adapted soybeans contains, in addition to superior morphological characters, genetic factors for tolerance to cultivation in acidic, mineral-stressed soils. However, the selection process for these hindrances has been empirical, and information on the genetics of mineral element uptake by the plant is necessary. The objective of this investigation was to identify the mode of inheritance for the absorption of phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, aluminium, manganese, zinc and copper in a 9 × 9 diallel cross. General combining ability (GCA) was higher than specific combining ability (SCA), with the exception of copper, manganese and zinc, indicating predominantly additive effects. The ratios of GCA/SCA varied between 3.4 (calcium) and 8.5 (magnesium). The regression of covariance (Wr) on variance (Vr) showed that the additive-dominance model explained the genetic differences in this germ plasm. However, the detection of overdominance could be related to possible heterozygosity in the parental varieties for mineral absorption. Broad-sense heritability values were higher than narrow sense heritability values for aluminium, iron, potassium, calcium and magnesium, being in the range of 67.9–86.9% and 42.0–56.6%, respectively. This is an indication that soybeans can be further improved to efficient utilisation of nutrients and to tolerate toxic factors in the soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222137
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Allelic relationships between genes for resistance to tomato spotted wilt tospovirus in Capsicum chinense (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 90 (1995), S. 146-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Capsicum chinense ; Resistance gene ; Genetics ; Pepper ; Tomato spotted wilt virus ; Tospoviruses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) has been reported to be an important reservoir of resistance genes to tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). The genes for TSWV resistance present in three C. chinense lines (‘PI 152225’, ‘PI 159236’ and ‘Panca’) were investigated for allelism. All resistant lines were crossed with each other. Parents, F1, backcrosses and F2 populations (including reciprocals) developed from those crosses were mechanically inoculated with a highly virulent TSWV isolate. Susceptible C. annuum cv ‘Magda’ was used to check inoculum virulence. Fifty plants of the F1 hybrids; ‘Magda’ x ‘PI 152225’, ‘Magda’ x ‘PI 159236’, and ‘Magda’ x 'Panca, were also inoculated with the TSWV isolate. The resistance response in all C. chinense sources was associated with a localized, hypersensitive-like reaction that was phenotypically expressed as a prompt formation of large local lesions accompanied by premature leaf abscission. All F1 generations presented a final score of resistant; indicating that the expression of resistance to TSWV is conditioned by a dominant gene regardless of the source. The absence of segregation for resistance to TSWV that was observed in all generations of the crosses between C. chinense lines indicated that either a tightly linked group of genes exists or that the resistance is governed by the same single major gene (probably the already described Tsw gene). Previous reports have indicated that the Tsw gene is not effective against tospovirus members of serogroup II, i.e. tomato chlorotic spot virus (TCSV) and groundnut ring spot virus (GRSV). In the assay described here, all of the C. chinense lines showed, after mechanical inoculation, an identical susceptibility response to the TCSV and GRSV isolates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221009
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of genomic regions affecting plant height in sorghum and maize (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 90 (1995), S. 380-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Genetics ; Breeding ; Sorghum bicolor Zea mays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The objective of this study was to use restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) to determine the genetic location and effects of genomic regions controlling plant height in sorghum. F2 plants (152) from the cross CK60 x PI229828 were used. Genomic and cDNA clones (106) identified 111 loci distributed among ten linkage groups covering 1299 cM. Interval mapping identified four regions, each in a separate linkage group. These regions may correspond to loci (dw) previously identified by alleles with qualitative effects. Also, these regions identified in sorghum may be orthologous to those previously reported for plant height in maize. Gene effects and gene action varied among genomic regions. In each region, PI229828 alleles resulted in increased plant height. Each region accounted for 9.2–28.7% of the phenotypic variation. Positive, additive effects ranged from 15 to 32cm. Tallness was dominant or overdominant and conferred by alleles from PI229828 for three quantitative trait loci (QTL). At the fourth QTL, PI229828 contributed to increased plant height, but short stature was partially dominant. One digenic interaction was significant. The presence of a PI229828 allele at one region diminished the effects of the other region. A multiple model indicated that these four regions collectively accounted for 63.4% of the total phenotypic variation. The utility of this information for germplasm conversion through backcross breeding is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221980
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Industrial mycology and the new genetics (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 14 (1995), S. 355-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Transformation ; Fungi ; Yeast ; Genetics ; Biotechnology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The genetic investigation of fungi has been extended substantially by DNA-mediated transformation, providing a supplement to more conventional genetic approaches based upon sexual and parasexual processes. Initial transformation studies with the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae provided the model for transformation systems in other fungi with regard to methodology, vector construction and selection strategies. There are, however, certain differences betweenS. cerevisiae and filamentous fungi with regard to type of genomic insertion and the availability of shuttle vectors. Single-site linked insertions are common in yeast due to the high level of homology required for recombination between vectored and genomic sequences, whereas mycelial fungi often show a high frequency of heterologous and unlinked insertions, often in the form of random and multiple-site integrations. While extrachromosomally-maintained or replicative vectors are readily available for use with yeasts, such vectors have been difficult to construct for use with filamentous fungi. The development of vectors for replicative transformation with these fungi awaits further study. It is proposed that replicative vectors may be inherently less efficient for use with mycelial fungi relative to yeasts, since the mycelium, as an extended and semicontinuous network of cells, may delimit an adequate diffusion of the vector carrying the selectable gene, thus leading to a high frequency of abortive or unstable transformants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01569951
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Have fishes had their chips? The dilemma of threatened fishes (1995)
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 43 (1995), S. 1-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Conservation ; Extinction ; Rarity ; Biodiversity ; Breeding guilds ; Endemism ; Speciation ; Habitat degradation ; Environmental management ; Invasive fishes ; Genetics ; Ecology ; Stenotopy ; Captive propagation ; Legislation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synopsis The conservation status and factors threatening fishes worldwide are reviewed in order to introduce a series of one-page articles on ‘Threatened fishes of the world’, and to encourage the incorporation of information on threatened fishes into international conservation programmes. Information on fish extinction and threat rates are compared with those of other animal groups, and the unique characteristics of fish conservation problems are highlighted. At present 979 species of fishes are listed as threatened in the IUCN Red List and at least 36 species and three subspecies are listed as recently extinct. It is argued that these figures are probably gross underestimates and that they may mislead conservation authorities and resource users about the seriousness of the situation. Freshwater fishes may be the most threatened group of vertebrates after the Amphibia. Urgent action is required to save many narrowly endemic, stenotopic species from extinction, especially in Africa, Asia and South America. The conservation of common species that drive essential ecological processes is also important. Anthropogenic pressures, especially habitat degradation, the introduction of invasive species and pollution, on inland and coastal waters are particularly severe and many major fish communities are threatened with elimination throughout the world. The conservation of marine fishes is complicated by the fact that it is difficult to ascertain their rarity. The importance of the retention of genetic variation is highlighted, and both orthodox and innovative conservation measures are encouraged. Further research on minimum viable populations, genetics, and the factors that cause fishes to become vulnerable to extinction, is urgently required.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00001812
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enantiomeric separation and sensitive determination of D, L-amino acids derivatized with fluorogenic benzofurazan reagents on pirkle type stationary phases (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 10-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: 4-fluoro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole ; NBD-F ; 4-(N,N-dimethylaminosulphonyl)-7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole ; BDD-F ; enantimoeric separation ; D,L-amino acid ; biological sample ; Pirkle type stationary phase ; HPLC ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The enantiomeric separations of D, L-amino acids derivatized with fluorogenic reagents, 4-fluoro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (NBD-F), 4-(N,N-dimethylaminosulphonyl)-7-fluro-2,1-3,-benzoxadiazole (DBD-F) and 4-aminosulphonbly-7-fluoro-2,1,3- benzoxadiazole (ABD-F) by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) ON various Pirkle type chiral stationary phases (CSPs, Sumichiral OA series) with citric acid in methanol as a mobile phase were studied. Since the least retention and no separation was observed for the derivatives of racemic phenylalanine methyl-ester,-amide and a drug without an α-carboxyl group, the carboxylic acid group of the amino acid derivatives seemed to contribute to the enantioselective fixation of the derivatives through hydrogen bonding on the N-acyl-amino acid amide moiety of the CSP. The enantioselective retention of the derivatives was attained through the (S) or (R) configuration of valine, phenylglycine, naphthylglycine, naphthylethylamine or the tert-leucine moiety in the CSP. The 2, 1, 3-benzoxadazole (benzofurazan) moiety in the derivatives helps the effective fixation of the derivatives through a π-πinteraction with an aromatic moiety such as a 3, 5-dinitrophenyl group in the Pirkle type chiral stationary phases.D-Amino acids in biological samples were easily determined utilizing the present derivatization with NBD-F, enantiomeric separation and fluorometric detection (530 nm em/470nm ex) following deproteinization of biological samples (serum or brain homogenate) with methanol and centrifugation. The applications of the method were clearly demonstrated by the following results; D-Ala was detected in sera of healthy volunteers at a level of 0.48-3.10μM. D-Lys was found in the serum of a patient with myeloma and requiring renal dialysis, and D-Ser was found in rat and bovine cerebrum. Peak identification was performed by use of different types of stationary phases especially those bearing the opposite configuration to that of the chiral centre.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090103
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mannitol prevents methionine sulphoxidation mediated electrophoretic heterogeneity of apolipoprotein A-I (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 28-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Hybrid isoelectic focusing of apolipoprotein A-I in polyacrylanide gels with immobilized pH-gradients under non-denaturing conditions resulted in the occurrence of additional bands which could prevent the specific and sensitive detection of genetic variants. Hybrid isoelectric focusing of tow chromatographically distinguishable apolipoprotien A-I isoforms that differ by sulphoxidaton of methionine residues, apo A-I(Met) and apo A-I(MetSO), revealed that the additional bands were caused by this post-translational modification. Several antioxidative additives and conditions were compared for their ability to prevent methionine sulphoxidation in apoliporotein A-I In the presence of 200 g/L mannitol in the gel, apolipoprotein A/I focused as a single band. Since methionine sulphoxidation in proteins is a general phenomenon either taking place in vivo or in vitro by isoelectric focusing, we conclude that isoelectric focusing in the presence of mannitol will improve the quality of resolution of many proteins in gels with immobilized pH-gradients.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090106
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A highly sensitive method to quantify triazolam and its metabolites with liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 48-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We established a highly sensitive method to determine triazolam and its major metabolites, α-hydroxytriazolam and 4-hydroxytriazolam, in human plasma and urine with a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry system which incorporates an atmospheric chemical ionization interface. A plasma sample and a urine sample after solvent extraction were injected into an ODS column of reversed phase with a mobile phase in a linear solvent gradient of initially 50 mM ammonium acetate (pH 4.0) 50%: methanol 50% and 15 min later methanol 100%; quantification limits of as low as 20 pg/mL at an SNR of 3 were obtained for each compound. With diazepam as an internal standard, recovery yields of 84, 81, and 77% were obtained for triazolam, α-hydroxytriazolam and 4-hydroxytriazolam, respectively.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090110
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sensitive determination of salmon calcitonin, by means of pre-column derivatization, HPLC and fluorometric determination (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 52-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A high sensitive analytical method for salmon calcitonin (sCT) was established by means of derivatization with a fluorescence labelling agent, DBD-F, followed by HPLC separation and fluorescence detection at 558 nm with excitation at 430 nm.Under optimized conditions (DBD-F, 0.1 M borate buffer (pH 8.5): acetonitrile (70:30, v/v)), three molecules of DBD-F reacted with one sCT molecule in the presence of 1 mM sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) at 50 oC for 3 h. The detection limit for the sCT derivative was 20 fmol. A linear relationship was obtained between the amount of sCT on column and the peak heights in the range of 35-8000 fmol.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090111
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    N-glycosylation site mapping of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 59-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This report describes the N-glycosylation mapping of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) using micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography. The carbohydrate structures were tentatively assigned by comparison with the anion-exchange fractionated oligosaccharides and by a comparison with previously reported data. The separation was shown to rely mainly on the degree of sialylation of the oligosaccharides, allowing a quantitative determination of the proportion of neutral and mono- to tetrasialylated structures. Significant differences in the oligosaccharide distribution of the two variants of rt-PA, which differ by the presence (type I) or the absence (type II) of oligosaccharides at the Asn-184 site, were observed. The distribution of the oligosaccharides at each of the rt-PA glycosylation sites was then determined. Glycopeptides were prepared by tryptic digestion of rt-PA and isolated using two consecutive chromatographic procedures. The glycopeptides were finally treated with N-glycanase, and the resulting oligosaccharides were analysed by capillary electrophoresis. Oligosaccharide mapping revealed that the Asn-448 and Asn-184 sites carry the same population of complex-type oligosaccharides but that the relative amounts of each oligosaccharide vary markedly. High-pH anion-exchange chromatography performed on the desialylated oligosaccharides at each glycosylation site showed that the degree of microheterogeneity was related not only to the degree of sialylation but also to structural differences in the oligosaccharide sequences. From the results as a whole, we concluded that the Asn-448 site contains a greater proportion of heavily sialylated structures and has a higher degree of microheterogeneity. The Asn-117 site was demonstrated to contain a significant number of monosialylated structures (18.4%) in addition to the high-mannose-type oligosaccharides.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090202
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of glutathione and related aminothiols by gas chromatography with flame photometric detection (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 85-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A selective and sensitive method for the determination of glutathione (GSH) and related aminothiols such as cysteine (Cys), cysteinylglycine (CysGly) and γ-glutamylcysteine (γ-GluCys) by gas chromatography (GC) has been developed. GSH and related aminothiols were converted into their N, S-isopropoxycarbonyl methyl ester derivatives and measured by GC with flame photometric detection using a short capillary column (5 m × 0.53 mm i.d.) of cross-linked DB-1. The calibration curves were linear in the range 1-25 nmol for GSH and in the range 0.2-5 nmol for other aminothiols, and the detection limits of GSH, Cys, CysGly and γ-GluCys were approximately 5, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.5 pmol per injection respectively. This method was successfully applied to blood samples without prior clean-up, and GSH and related aminothiols in these samples could be analysed without any influence from coexisting substances. Overall recoveries of GSH and other aminothiols added to blood samples were 88-107%. The analytical results of free and total blood GSH and related aminothiols in normal subjects are presented.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090206
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090301
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of guanase activity in normal and pathological sera by high-performance liquid chromatography (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 130-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A simple HPLC assay for serum guanase based on the direct determination of enzymatically formed xanthine was applied to normal and pathological sera. The procedure is sensitive, precise (CV below 5%) and suitable for routine purposes, and the method requires only 50 μL of sample. Using this method the reference range as determined from the sera of 40 healthy adult controls is 0-1.1 U/L. In patients with various liver diseases serum guanase activities were found to be increased 5- to 50-fold compared with the normal mean value.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090304
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  • 31
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    Electronic Resource
    Stereoselective analysis of nadolol in human plasma (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 226-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A steroeselective method, involving a single liquid-liquid extraction step, was developed and validated for the analysis of nadolol in human plasma. The assay involved extraction of nadolol and desmethyl-nadolol as internal standard (IS) from alkalinized plasma into dichloromethane. The organic solvent was separated and evaporated under nitrogen at 40°C. A chiral derivatization scheme with (R)-(-)-napthylethylisocyanate (50 μL of 0.1% solution in dichloromethane for 60 min) was employed to convert the enantiomers of nadolol into the corresponding diastereomeric derivatives. The residue was reconstitutd in the mobile phase and injected onto a C-18 column. The mobile phase was a mixture of methanol: tetrahdrofuran: water (52:7:41 by vol) containing about 0.001% v/v of both phosphoric acid and tetramethylethylenediamine. Fluorimetric detection was performed at excitation 230 and emission 330 nm. The assay was specific for the enantiomers of nadolol and the lower limit of quantitation was 2 ng/mL for of the enantiomers. Analysis of quality control samples resulted in precision estimates of 7% RSD for inter-assay and 10.1% RSD for intra-assay and the predicted concentrations deviated less than 9.4% of the nominal values for the four enantiomers. The extraction recoveries of the individual enantiomer was about 70%. Stability of nadolol enantiomers were established for four freeze/thaw cycle periods and in the autosampler at 5°C for at least 116 h.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090507
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  • 32
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    Electronic Resource
    Announcement (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. i 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090513
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  • 33
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    Evaluation of a narrow-bore HPLC column for trace level analysis of tetracyclines - a comparison with a conventional column (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 251-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090603
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  • 34
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    Electronic Resource
    Preliminary results on the LC-separation of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents in conventional and narrow-bore RP setups applying columns with different internal diameters (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 261-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090607
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  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improved protein separation using capillary electrophoresis and phytic acid (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 269-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090611
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  • 36
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    Potentiometric detection of carboxylic aliphatic acids in CZE using ion-selective liquid-membrane electrodes (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 257-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090605
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  • 37
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    Chromatographic investigation of the glycosylation pattern of alpha-1-acid glycoprotein secreted by the HEPG2 cell line; a putative model for inflammation? (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 199-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In certain pathophysiological conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, there are alterations in the glycosylation pattern of the acute phase protein, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP). These changes are likely to be functionally significant, however, verification of the latter role requires a system which reflectsin vivo glycosylation changes in AGP and also produces sufficient quantities of the protein for further study. The human hepatoma cell line HepG2 is documented as displaying a shift in the glycosylation pattern of glycoproteins from normal state to acute phase after stimulation with inflammatory mediators. We have isolated AGP from the culture medium of HepG2 cells both before and after stimulation with a cytokine preparation and analysed the glycosylation pattern of each preparation, after enzymatic release, by high pH anion-exchange chromatography. Before stimulation, the glycosylated population was similar to a profile which was of AGP isolated from normal plasma; however, cytokine stimulation resulted in a shift to a profile which was consistent with that of AGP from a rheumatoid arthritis sufferer. Thus a HepG2 cell culture system is capable of being a crude model of the changes in glycosylation of acute phase proteins although it has a tendency to produce oligosaccharide chains which are not fully sialylated.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090502
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  • 38
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    Comparative chromatographic study on the chiral separation of the 1-naphthylamine derivative of ketoprofen on cellulose-based columns of different sizes (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 289-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090621
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    Capillary electrophoretic separation of some pharmaceutically important polypeptides (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 291-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090622
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  • 40
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    Rapid determination of O- and P-cresol isomers in urine from workers exposed to toluene by high-performance liquid chromatography using a graphitized carbon column (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 302-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A simple and rapid procedure is described that permits the simultaneous determination of o- and p- cresol in urine of workers or other individuals exposed to toluene. The urine samples are enzymatically hydrolysed and analysed by high-performance liquid-chromatography with a detetion limit of 0.2 mg/L, one fifth of the biological threshold limit value for o-cresol (1 mg/g ), a specific marker of toluene exposure. A graphitized carbon column Hybercarb-S, that exhibits an excellent selectivity for aromatic positional isomers, was used with 1% phosphoric acid-acetonitrile (70:30, v/v) as mobile phase and a detection wavelength of 271 nm. The overall accuracy for o-cresol determination was 4.5% at 5 mg/L and 8% at 0.5 mg/L. The cresol isomers were sufficiently resolved from endogenous materials to avoid the need for any extraction step, and the method appears suitable for monitoring workers accurately under the permissible level of exposure for occupational medicine purpose.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090625
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  • 41
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    Improvement of achiral resolution in capillary zone electrophoresis by use of cyclodextrin additives (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 267-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090610
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  • 42
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    Suppression of chiral recognition of 3-hydroxy-1, 4-benzodiazepines during micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography with bile saltsThe complete articles has been published in J. Chromatogr. A., 704, 238 (1995). (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 276-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090614
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  • 43
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    From dipeptides to oligopeptides: Analysis by capillary electrophoresis/electrospray mass spectrometry (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 283-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090618
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  • 44
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    Determination of unbound L-tryptophan in human plasma using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 305-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An assay for the measurement of unbound L-tryptophan concentrations in plasma was developed using reverse-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection. Unbound L-tryptophan from plasma was obtained using the Amicon MPS-1 ultrafiltration device. L-tryptophan binding to the membrane in the ultrafiltration device was not significant. A linear relationship between the peak-area ratios (peak-area of L-tryptophan to internal standard) and concentrations of L-tryptophan was obtained in the range of 0.1 μg/mL to 2.5 μg/L. The intra-assay precision was less than 10% for each control (0.18 μg/mL, 0.75 μg/mL and 2.0 μg/mL). The inter-assay precision was less than 15% for each control; the accuracy for each control, expressed as percent difference from nominal (%DFN), was less than 12%. This method was used to determine unbound L-tryptophan concentrations in plasma from nine male subjects who participated in a clinical study.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090626
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  • 45
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    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090101
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  • 46
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    Determination of 5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and tryptophan in plasma and urine by HPLC with fluorimetric detection (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 23-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Using native fluorescence detection, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and tryptophan were resoved from themselves and other naturally occurring compounds using reversed-Phase HPLC within 5 min. Deproteinated platelet-poor plasma (ppp) and crude diluted urine were injected directly into the chromatograph. Careful selection of the HPLC column is important and various octadecyl silica (ODS) and base deactivated silic (BDS) columns were evaluated. Pre-treatment of an ODS column with tetrabutylammonium ions gave good selectivity. Between pH5 and 6 the compounds were well resolved from each other. The limit of quantitatiave detection of 5-HT and 5-HIAA was 3.5 nmol/L. The overal chromatogram obtained using native fluorescence is cleaner than that obtained with the more commonly employed electrochemical (EC) systems although the chromatography is effectively the same. For analysis of 5-HT in plasma, collection in EDTA was more efficient than lithium heparin. Plasma 5-HT in healthy volunteers was mean 61 (SD=±73) nmol/L, n=20; urine 5-HIAA gave mean 28.95 (SD=±0.98)μmol/L, (n=12). Whole blood 5-HT analysis is unreliable in comparison with platelet-poor plasma.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090105
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  • 47
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    Measurement of clozapine and norclozapine in plasma/serum by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 36-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A simple method for the measurement of clozapine and its N-desmethyl metabolite in human pläsma or serum by high performance liquid chromatography is described. An internal standard (aqueous nortriptyline, 4 mg/L) (50 μL) and Tris buffer (2 mol/L, pH 10.6) (100 μL) are added to plasma/serum (200 μL) and the analytes and internal standard extracted into methyl tert-butyl ether (200 μL). The extracts are analysed on a 150 mm column containing Spherisorb S5SCX using methanol containing ammonium perchlorate (35 mmol/L, pH 6.7) as eluent at a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min. Detection is by ultraviolet absorption (215 nm). The limit of detection is better than 0.05 mg/L for both analytes and the intra-assay precision (CV) for clozapine and norclozapine was 5.3 and 7.3% at 0.5 mg/L and 2.6 and 2.8% at 1.5 mg/L, respectively. The method can be applied to the measurement of these compounds in plasma after acute overdosage, for the assessment of compliance in patients apparently refractory to therapy and to identify interactions between clozapine and other neuroleptic and antidepressant drugs which may effect toxicity.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090108
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  • 48
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    Potentials of chemiluminescence detection in flow injection analysis: Determination of penicillamine applying a quinine-Ce (IV) system (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 287-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090620
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  • 49
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    Chiral separation of naphthalene-2, 3-dialdehyde labelled peptides by cyclodextrin-modified electrokinetic chromatography (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 295-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The chiral separation of several dipeptide enantiomers, derivatized by naphthalene-2,3-dialdehyde (NDA), was achieved by use of cyclodextrin-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography (CD-MEKC). The dipeptides contained one or two chiral centers. In the case of several dipeptides containing two chiral centers, all four of the optical isomers could be separated and baseline resolved in less than 15 min with 20 mM γ-CD and 50 mM sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) in the background electrolyte. The order of elution of these derivatized dipeptides was explained by considering important chemical equlibria in the SDS, CD and peptide system. Additionally, the influence of geometric location of the chiral center, the structure of the side-chain and the effect of CD concentration on the resolution are discussed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090624
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  • 50
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    Degradation of organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides in soils - HPLC determination (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 18-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Best conditions suited for the extraction and trace analysis of dimethoate, malathion, methyl-parathion, carbaryl, carbendazim and carbofuran in soils, using HPLC, were established, Theis was followed by studies related to persistence of residues in different soils, Half-life and take for 95% dissipation were determined in each case, Higher Ph, moderate mosture and hihg calcium carbonate content aided degradation while organic matter increased persistence.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090104
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  • 51
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    Gas chromatographic determination of enantiomers as diastereomers following pre-column derivatization and applications to pharmacokinetic studies: A review (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The introduction of chiral chromatographic methods has revolutionized the art of separationand quantitation of chiral drugs in biological fluids. A large number of chiral derivatization reagents for various funtional grups are available commercially. Therefore, Pre-column derivation methods have become attractive and simple for the gas chromatographic assays in biologcal fluids. The intent of this article is to review the pre-column chiral derivatization reagents employed in gas chromatographic separations and analyses of enantiomers. A discussion of numerous procedures necessary to develop a quantitative gas chromatographic assay method for drug enantiomers is presented. In this regard, quantitative gas chromatographic assays based on this approach have been applied to investigate the stereoselective pharmacokinetics of several chiral drug such as fenfluramine, norfenfluramine, methylphenidate, etodolac, propranol, suprofen and methoxyphenamine.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090102
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  • 52
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    Purification of murine immunoglobulin M from spent tissue culture supernatant by one-step gel filtration chromatography procedure (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 42-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Optimal purification of immunoglobulin M (IgM) grown as spent tissue culture supernatant can be achieved by a straightforward size-exclusion chromatography procedure. Preparative isolation of IgM was achieved by precipitation with saturated ammonium sulphate to achieve a 45% solution. IgM was then purified by gel filtration chromatography with a solution of 100 mM Tris+150 mM NaCl at pH 8. Denaturing electrophoresis and Western immunoblotting revealed two prominent bands at 80 and 25 kDa, indicative of the heavy and light chains of IgM respectively. The specific immunoreactivity of this IgM was assessed by a modified enzyme antigen capture assay. In contrast to affinity and ion-exchange chromatographies, gel filtration allows retention of IgM immunoreactivity.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090109
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  • 53
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    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090201
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  • 54
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    High-performance liquid chromatographic assay for the quantitation of nadolol in human plasma using fluorescence detection (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 75-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A rapid and sensitive HPLC-fluorescence assay was developed and validated for the determination of nadolol, a β-blocker, in human plasma. Nadolol and the internal standard (desmethyl nadolol) were extracted from alkalinized plasma into methyl-tert.-butyl ether. The organic solvent was evaporated under nitrogen at 40°C. The residue was reconstituted in the mobile phase and injected on to a C18 silica column (25 cm × 4.6 mm i.d.) at a flow rate of 1.4 mL/min. The mobile phase was 0.05 M monobasic ammonium phosphate (pH 4.2) and acetonitrile (84:16, v/v). Fluorimetric detection was performed at excitation 230 nm and emission 330 nm. The nominal retention times were 3.3 and 4.3 min for the internal standard and nadolol, respectively. The lower limit of quantitation was 5 ng/mL and linearity (R2 ≥ 0.994) of the standard curve was demonstrated between 5 and 500 ng/mL. The analysis of quality control (QC) samples at 60, 200 and 400 ng/mL resulted in precision estimates ≤7.0% relative standard deviation (RSD) for the inter-assay and ≤6.3% RSD for intra-assay. The predicted concentrations of the QC samples deviated 〈10% from the nominal values. The extraction recovery of nadolol from human plasma was 64%. Nadolol was stable in human plasma at -20°C for at least 5 months and for at least three freeze-thaw cycles. Nadolol and the internal standard were stable in the autosampler at 5°C for at least 40 h. Overall, the assay was accurate, precise, sensitive, specific and reproducible for the analysis of nadolol in plasma. The validated assay procedure was applied to study the pharmacokinetics of nadolol after administration of single and multiple doses to human subjects.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090204
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  • 55
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    A sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for the cholecystokinin-b antagonist, CI-988, in human and monkey plasma (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 94-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A sensitive and specific high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for the non-peptide cholecystokinin subtype B receptor antagonist, CI-988, in human and cynomolgus monkey plasma has been developed and validated. The method involves isolation of CI-988 and internal standard by batch robotic solid phase extraction with a C18 cartridge, liquid chromatographic separation on a C18 column and quantitation by fluorescence detection. The human plasma assay is linear from 0.25 to 500 ng/mL for a 1.00-mL plasma aliquot. Assay precision for CI-988 based on human plasma quality control samples was within ±7.2% relative standard deviation with an accuracy of ±5.6% relative error. The monkey plasma assay is linear from 1.00 to 250 ng/mL for a 0.500-mL plasma aliquot. Assay precision based on monkey plasma quality control samples was within ±11.0% relative standard deviation with an accuracy of ±2.6% relative error.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090208
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  • 56
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    Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of fullerenes with tetrahydrofuran-water as a mobile phase and sensitive ultraviolet or electrochemical detection (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 110-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Fullerenes (C60 and C70) were separated on a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography column with a mobile phase of tetrahydrofuran-water (70:30, v/v) and detected with ultraviolet or electrochemical detection. A baseline resolution of C60 and C70 was achieved with a capacity factor values of 7.6 and 10.8 respectively and a resolution of 3.7. The detection limit for C60 was 0.1 pmol on column and was nearly the same for both detection methods.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090212
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  • 57
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    Isolation and characterization of new porphyrin metabolites in human porphyria cutanea tarda and in rats treated with hexachlorobenzene by HPTLC, HPLC and liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 113-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Porphyrin metabolisms in human porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) and in rats treated with hexachlorobenzene (HCB) have been studied in detail by high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry (LSIMS). The analyses of porphyrin metabolites in the urine, faeces and liver biopsies of patients with PCT have shown that apart from uroporphyrin I and III and their expected decarboxylation intermediates and products, a complex mixture of many other porphyrins are present. The new porphyrins identified are: meso-hydroxyuroporphyrin III, β-hydroxypropionic acid uroporphyrin III, hydroxyacetic acid uroporphyrin III, peroxyacetic acid uroporphyrin III, β-hydroxypropionic acid heptacarboxylic acid porphyrin III, hydroxyacetic acid heptacarboxylic porphyrin III and peroxyacetic acid pentacarboxylic porphyrin III.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090302
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    Use of liquid chromatography for the determination of interactions between bioactive compounds (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 157-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Molecular interactions can be easily determined both by thin-layer and high performance liquid chromatography. The theory and practice of the determination of molecular interactions and the various methods for the calculation of complex stability are presented. Examples of the applications of liquid chromatographic methods for the measurements of molecular interactions are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090402
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  • 59
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    Determination of free fatty acids in blood, tagged with 4-(2-carbazoylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-7-(N, N-dimethylaminosulfonyl)-2, 1, 3-benzoxadiazole, by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 162-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Tagging reagent ; pre-column derivatization ; free fatty acid in rat serum and human plasma ; fluorescence detection ; high-performance liquid chromatography ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The free fatty acids in blood were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after pre-column tagging with 4-(2-carbazoylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-7-(N,N-dimethylaminosulphonyl)-2, 1, 3-benzoxadiazole (DBD-ProCZ). The tagging conditions were optimized with palmitic acid (C16:0) and linoleic acid (C18:2) as representative free fatty acids, saturated and unsaturated, respectively. Under the mild reaction conditions of room temperature for 90 min in dimethylformamide (DMF) containing 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC, 0.2 M)/pyridine (2%), all the fatty acids tested were tagged with the DBD-ProCZ to produce highly fluorescent derivatives which emit light at 550 nm (excitation at 450 nm). The fluorescence wavelenghts were essentially the same for all fatty acids, whereas the intensities were different for individual fatty acids. The derivatives obtained from ten free fatty acids were completely separated by reversedphase chromatography with two isocratic elution conditions. The on-column detection limit (signal-to-noise ratio of 3) with proposed HPLC separation and fluorescence detection is in the range of 19 (palmitic acid) -176 fmol (palmitoleic acid). The free fatty acids in rat serum and human plasma were successfully determined using the present method.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090403
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  • 60
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    Availabilty of phenylisothiocyanate for the amino acid sequence/configuration determination of peptides containing D/L-amino acids (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 195-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Phenylisothiocyanate ; PITC ; D/L-amino acid sequence ; peptide containing D-amino acid ; HPLC ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A potential use for phenylisothiocyanate (PITC), the most popular Edman reagent, is presented for analysis of the amino acid sequence and configuration in peptides containing D/L-amino acids. After derivatization with PITC of the N-terminal amino acid (L-Tyr) of an enkephalin analogue, [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]-enkephalin, followed by cleavage/cyclization with trifluoroacetic acid at 50°C for 5 min, the liberated 2-anilino-5-thiazolinone-L-Tyr (ATZ-L-Tyr) was further treated with 20% aqueous trifluoroacetic acid at 50°C for 10 min. The resultant phenylthiohydantoin (PTH)-L-Tyr was then separated on a chiral stationary phase (a penylcarbamoylated cyclodextrin column), retaining its configuration. The residual sequence and configurations of the peptide (D-Ala-Gly-L-Phe-D-Leu) were also determined by separating the corresponding PTH-D- or L-amino acids on chiral columns. This method may be applicable to an automatic Edman sequence analyzer for the configuration determination of peptides containing D/L-amino acids.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090410
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  • 61
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    High-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection of ebiratide using 4-(N, N-dimethylamino-sulphonyl)-7-fluoro-2, 1, 3-benzoxadiazole as a fluorogenic reagent (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 216-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with fluorescence detection has been developed and applied to the determination of ACTH4-9 analogue (ebiratide), 4-(N,N-Dimethylamino-sulphonyl)-7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (DBD-F) was used as a fluorogenic labelling reagent.Ebiratide in 0.1 m borate buffer (pH 9.0) was reacted with DBD-F in acetonitrile solution at 50°C for 30 min. After cooling, the mixture was seperated by a reversed-phase HPLC. Then DBD-ebiratide was monitored at 580 nm with the excitation at 440 nm. The calibration curve was liner up to 10 pmol on column (r=0.999) with the detection limit of 0.25 pmol (signal-to-noise=3).
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090505
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    Simultaneous determination of nadolol enantiomers in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography using fluorescence-detection (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 140-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A high-performance liquid chromatographic assay is described for the separation and quantification of nadolol isomers in human plasma. The isomers were quantified using reverse-phase HPLC and fluorometric detection after derivatization with the chiral reagent R(-)-1-(naphthyl)ethylisocyanate [R(-)-NEI]. The N-isopropyl analogue (one isomer) of nadolol was used as the internal standard. The method was reproducible based on precision studies where the percent relative standard deviation was less than 15%. The lower limit of quantitation for each isomer was 2.5 ng/mL. This method was used to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profile of nadolol isomers in human subjects following both single and multiple oral dosing.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090306
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  • 63
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    Determination of salicylic acid in plasma by gas chromatogrphy using steam as carrier gas (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 155-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A gas Chromatogrphy method using steam as the carrier gas was established for the determination of salicylic acid in plasma. A 0.5 mL plasma sample was mixed with 0.5 mL of 6N HCl and then extracted with 2 mL of dichloromethane. The dichloromethane was evaporated to dryness and the residue was redissolved in 0.5 mL of water and then analysed by gas Chromatogrphy using steam as the carrying gas. The result was calculated by external standardization.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090310
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  • 64
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    TLC characterization of liposomes containing D-myo-inositol derivatives (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 175-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) behaviour of liposomes containig inositol phosphates (IPs) was studied. The liposomes contained different concentrations of D-myo-inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate (IP3), D-myo-inositol 1, 2, 6-trisphosphate (α-trinositol, PP 56, a novel Perstorp Pharma derivative), D-myo-inositol 1, 3, 4, 5-tetrakisphosphate (IP4), D-myo-inositol 1, 3, 4, 5, 6-pentakisphosphate (IP5) and D-myo-inositol 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6-hexakisphosphate (IP6). Migration of all liposome batches was compared to that of control liposomes (containing only triple-distilled water), and to that of free phosphatidylcholine (PC); the same amount of lipid was used in all situations.Thin-layer chromatography was performed on silica gel as adsorbent. As solvent we used an n-buthanol: ethanol: water mixture in a 4:3:3 volume ratio. Significant differences were found between PC and all liposome batches, as well as between control liposomes and the ones containing IP3, α-trinositol, IP4, or IP5, in various concentrations. Liposomes containing IP6 migrate completely differently compared not only to phosphatidylcholine and control liposomes, but also to the ones containing other IPs (〈10-3 M). Unlike the other IPs studied, liposome-entrapped IP6 elicits dose-independent contractions of the isolated rat aorta. This suggests that liposomes loaded with IP6 undergo, during or after their preparation, physico-chemical alterations that eventually change their drug-delivery capacity.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    Announcement (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. i 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090411
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  • 66
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    Optimization of enantiomeric separations for basic compounds in capillary zone electrophoresis using neutral and anionic cyclodextrins as chiral selectors (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 265-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090609
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  • 67
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    Microcolumn liquid chromatography of macromolecules in the critical mode (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 273-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090613
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  • 68
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    Determination of nitroimidazole residues in poultry tissues, serum and eggs by high-performance liquid chromatography (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 238-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A simple high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed for determination of dimetridazole and metronidazole residues in poultry muscle, liver, serum and eggs. The drug residues were extracted from tissues and egg samples with acetonitrile followed by solid-phase extraction clean-up and HPLC analysis with photodiode array detector. Serum samples were treated with trichloroacetic acid, centrifuged and analysed without further clean-up. The detection limits were 2 ng/g and 5 ng/mL of analysed tissue (egg) and serum samples, respectively. Average recoveries for spike levels of 10 and 20 ng/g ranged from 82 to 94%, and coefficients of variation were below 10%.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090510
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  • 69
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    One day conference on miniaturization in liquid chromatography versus capillary electrophoresis (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 249-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090602
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  • 70
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    A comparative study for the determination of ibuprofen in pharmaceutical preparations using different internal column diameters (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 259-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090606
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  • 71
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    Announcement (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. i 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090113
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  • 72
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    Investigation of enantioselective ofloxacin - albumin binding and displacement interactions using capillary affinity zone electrophoresis (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 68-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The direct chiral separation of ofloxacin by capillary affinity zone electrophoresis using serum albumins from different animal sources as chiral selector in the supporting electrolyte is described. In addition, the effects of displacers on the mobility and enantioselectivity of ofloxacin were studied. Firstly, the separation behaviour of the enantiomers of the ofloxacin (OFLX) and tryptophan (Trp) was compared. The influence of albumin types, including chemically modified bovine serum albumins (BSAs), and buffer types on the migration behaviour of enantiomers was investigated. The results showed that stereoselectivity of Trp is independent of the type of albumin used. However, chiral separation of OFLX depends on the biological species of albumin. Use of chemically modified BSA led to poorer resolution of enantiomers. Only with acetylated BSA could chiral separation of Trp be achieved. Using Good's buffer solutions (DIPSO and HEPES) as a supporting electrolyte affected the migration times of OFLX enantiomers. Finally, a variety of displacers were added to the buffer along with the protein, and the effects on separation behaviour were observed. The displacers included warfarin, ketoproten, diazepam, propranolol, benzoinphenylbutazone, digitoxin and octanoic acid. From the results obtained, it is concluded that capillary affinity zone electrophoresis using albumin as a chiral selector may allow screening of OFLX-displacer interactions.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090203
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    The development of a sensitive myo-inositol analyser using a liquid chromatograph with a post-label fluorescence detector (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 146-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A sensitive liquid chromatographic analysis for myo-inositol was developed using glycocyamine as the postlabelling reagent. The sensitivty was 500 pmol/injection. The system was applied to analyse myo-inositol in sera from eight patients with chronic renal failure. The average concentration of serum myo-inositol was 498.6 ± 257.0 μmol/L before haemodialysis, and 244.0 ± 131.1 μmol/L after haemodialysis. These results indicated that the kidney is the main site of myo-inositol metabolism.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090307
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    Masthead (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090601
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  • 75
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    Injection-generated solvent and pH gradients for sample enrichment on injection of large volumes in microcolumn liquid chromatography (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 254-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090604
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  • 76
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    LC-study of lonazolac, naproxen and related non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in a classical and a narrow-bore setup applying UV and fluorescence detection (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 263-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090608
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  • 77
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    Temperature control in capillary electrophoresis systems (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 271-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090612
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  • 78
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    An LC assay using a microcolumn coupled to a U-shaped optical cell for high sensitivity UV absorbance detection of oxcarbazepine and its major metabolite in microdialysates (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 277-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090615
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  • 79
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    Determination of oxeladin in human plasma by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 32-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A capillary gas chromatographic method with mass-selective detection was developed for the determination of oxeladin in human plasma. Plasma samples (1 mL) were alkalinized and extracted using 5 mL of hexane: isoamyl alcohol (99:1). The method was demonstrated to be sensitive (limit of quantitation at 1 ng/mL), linear between 1 and 150 mg/mL, accurate and precise enough (mean error and mean coefficient of variation at the limit of quantitation were 2.3 and 13.3%, respectively) to support pharmacokinetic evaluation of the drug at doses down to 30 mg.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090107
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  • 80
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    High-performance liquid chromatography and fluorometric detection of arachidonylethanolamide (anandamide) and its analogues, derivatized with 4-(N-chloroformylmethyl-N-methyl) amino-7-N, N-dimethylaminosulphonyl-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (DBD-COCl) (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 56-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The endogeneous ligand for the cannabinoid receptor, arachidonylethanolamide (anandamide) and its analogues, oleinylethanolamide, palmitylethanolamide and eicosapentaenoylethanolamide, were derivatized with a fluorogenic reagent, 4-(N-chloroformylmethyl-N-methyl)amino-7-N, N-dimethylaminosulphony 1-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (DBD—COCl). They were separated on a reversed phse HPLC with a mobile phase of acetonitrile: water. The fluorometric detection of the derivatives was made at 560 nm with excitation at 450 nm and the detection limits for anandamide was 20 fmol on column. The structures of DBD—CO-ethanolamides were confirmed by liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization - mass spectrometry (LC—APCI—MS).
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090112
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  • 81
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    Dye - ligand affinity chromatography on continuous beds (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 80-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Continuous beds derivatized with three triazine dyes (Cibacron Blue 3G-A, Pricon Red HE-3B and Pricon Red H-3B) were used for chromatographic purification of dehydrogenases from yeast enzyme concentrate. All three columns, which were prepared by a very simple and cost-effective method, provided strong binding of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase. The Cibacron Blue 3G-A column showed high affinity for alcohol dehydrogenase. Under the same conditions, the Pricon Red HE-3B column showed a lower affinity and the Pricon Red H-3B column showed none. The adsorbed dehydrogenases were eluted specifically from the columns in high yields (71-113% by desorption with the coenzymes NADP, NADH and NAD respectively). Non-specific binding of human serum albumin and transferrin to these columns was also investigated. Enzyme assays and analyses by capillary electrophoresis showed that the continuous beds derivatized with triazine dyes gave a high degree of purification.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090205
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  • 82
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    Direct separation of tranylcypromine enantiomers and their profile in an atypical depressive patientPresented at the International Symposium on Molecular Chirality, April 24-27, 1994, Kyoto, Japan. (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 98-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An isocratic and simple high-performance liquid chromatographic method is developed for the diirect resolution of the tranylcypromine (TCP) enatiomers. The method involves the use of an S-18-crown-6-ether chiral stationary phase known as the Crownpak CR (+) column. The stereochemical separation factor (α) obtained was 1.30 and the stereochemical resolution factor (Rs) was 0.69 when using a mobile phase consisting of 0.1 N perchloric acid containing 12% methanol at 23°C. The method has been used to monitor and identify, qualitatively, the profile of enantiomers of TCP in urine of an atypical depressive patient. It was found that the (-)-S-TCP concentration is significantly higher than the (+)-R-enantiomer.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090209
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  • 83
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    Occurrence of D-aspartic acid in rat brain pineal gland (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 106-109 
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    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We found a high concentration (1030 pmol per pineal gland) of D-aspartic acid (D-Asp) in the pineal gland of 6-week-old Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The content of D-Asp decreased with age, being 210 and 33 pmol per pineal gland in 28- and 45-week-old rats respectively. The proportion of D-Asp [(D-Asp/total Asp) × 100] also decreased with age, declining from 66% to 10% between 6 and 45 weeks after birth. The proportion of D-Asp did not differ between the sexes. The concentration of D-Asp was higher at night (at 2.00 a.m. 2830±485 pmol per pineal gland) than during the day (at 10.00 a.m. 1030±200 and at 3:00 p.m. 682±194 pmol per pineal gland), suggesting that biosynthesis of D-Asp in the pineal gland occurs at night. D-Asp was found to be distributed in the cytosol of pinealocytes, but its biological role remains unclear.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090211
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  • 84
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    Editorial (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995), S. 1-2 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090102
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  • 85
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    Deconvolution algorithms for instrumental applications: A comparative study (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995), S. 3-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Deconvolution algorithms ; Instrumental analysis ; Spectrometry ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Deconvolution algorithms for measurand reconstruction are considered. Their metrological and numerical properties are briefly characterized. Six algorithms most frequently used for instrumental applications are selected for closer analysis. Their comparative study is based on the use of spectrometric-type synthetic data, calorimetric-type synthetic data and spectrometric real-world data. Conclusions concerning computational complexity and accuracy of the compared algorithms as well as their metrological applicability are drawn.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090103
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  • 86
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    FT-NIR Atlas, Michael Buback and Hans Peter Vogele, VCH, Weinheim, 1993, ISBN 3-527-28567-9, iv + 1067 pp., hardcover DM 880 (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995), S. 67-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090107
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  • 87
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    Masthead (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090201
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  • 88
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    Masthead (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090301
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  • 89
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    Application of procrustean methods to mid-and near-infrared spectral data (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995), S. 125-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Procrustean analysis ; FT-IR spectroscopy ; NIR spectroscopy ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Procrustean methods allow the fitting of a given matrix to another given matrix observed on the same objects. In the traditional approach orthogonal constraints are imposed upon the transformation matrix, whereas in the alternative approach Procrustean analysis may be performed without such constraints. The two methods (with and without constraints) were compared on data dealing with mid- and near-infrared spectra of oil. The aim was to reconstruct the mid-infrared spectral information using data from the near-infrared spectra. Unconstrained Procrustean analysis proved to be the more efficient for both the calibration and verification sets. Furthermore, the analysis of the transformation matrix between the two infrared ranges made it possible to indicate wavelengths and wave numbers corresponding to the same chemical groups.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090204
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  • 90
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    A combined theory for PCA and PLS (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995), S. 91-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: H-principle ; PCA ; PLS regression ; latent variable models ; quadratic models ; sensitivity analysis ; outlier tests ; prediction variances ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We present here an algorithmic approach to modelling data that includes principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS). In fact, the numerical algorithm presented can carry out PCA or PLS. The algorithm for linear analysis and extensions to non-linear analysis applies to both PCA and PLS. The algorithm allows for combination of PCA and PLS types of models and therefore extends modelling to new types of models that involve combination of regression models and ‘selection of variation’ models, which is the idea of PCA-type models. The fact that the algorithm carries out both PCA and PLS shows that PCA and PLS are based on the same theory. This theory is based on the H-principle of mathematical modelling. The algorithm allows tests for outliers, sensitivity analysis and tests of submodels. These aspects of the algorithm are treated in detail. We compute various measures of sizes, e.g. of components, of the covariance matrix, of its inverse, etc. that show how much the algorithm has selected at each step. The analysis is illustrated by data from practice.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090203
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  • 91
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    Pattern recognition analysis of near-infrared spectra by robust distance method (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995), S. 169-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: minimum volume ellipsoid (MVE) estimators ; robust distance method ; pattern recognition ; Hotelling's T2 statistics ; near-infrared spectra ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method for pattern recognition analysis of near-infrared spectra has been developed using robust distances determined by minimum volume ellipsoid (MVE) estimators of multivariate location and scatter. Classical methods such as the Mahalanobis distance method often fail in the presence of a moderate number of outliers in a training data set, while robust distance methods can tolerate a considerably larger proportion of outliers in a training data set Outliers can be detected by their relatively large robust distances and can be excluded from a training set without a priori knowledge of the nature of the data set. In this paper the properties of a robust distance method are examined using near-infrared spectra of sulfamethoxazole and mixtures with its major degradation products, sulfanilic acid and sulfanilamide. The robust distance method successfully detected unacceptable samples (71.4%-89.3% (α = 0.05) or 78.6%-92.9% (α = 0.10)) even when they were inadvertently included in the training data set.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090304
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  • 92
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    Data analyses or problem formulations? (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995), S. 226-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090309
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  • 93
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    Expression of the reference value for proficiency tests (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995), S. 197-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: proficiency test ; true value ; homogeneity robust statistic ; standard ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Profficiency tests raise two types of problems: (i) the homogeneity of a sample must be carefully checked before using it as a reference material; (ii) it is necessary to define a conventional reference value (RV) in order to rank participants. Since these topics are poorly addressed in the literature, a reference material was specially prepared in order to propose a procedure for verifying homogeneity and to establish whether the algorithms classically used to compute the conventional true value have an influence on the conclusion of the test.The homogeneity of the sample was not perfect and univariate and multivariate techniques were used to demonstrate some analytes can be suspected as heterogeneous. However, this was considered adequate for introducing the sample in a large proficiency test organized between four laboratory associations which regularly perform such tests. Altogether more than 3000 measurements were collected and eight algorithms were applied to compute the RV on 14 analytes. Thus is was possible to demonstrate that some of these algorithms are better adapted than others. It is also obvious that some analytes are better suited to proficiency testing.It can be concluded from this work that some effort towards standardization would be profitable to check homogeneity or to compute the RV, especially since the economic weight of proficiency testing is becoming even more important with the development of certification accreditation.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090306
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  • 94
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    Interactive variable selection (IVS) for PLS. Part II: Chemical applications (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995), S. 331-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: partial least squares (PLS) ; variable selection ; IVS-PLS ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: With the aim of developing PLS models with improved predictive properties, an interactive variable selection (IVS) approach for PLS regression was introduced in Part I of this series. IVS-PLS is based on a dimension-wise selective removal of single elements in the PLS weight vector w. IVS uses cross-validation (CV) as a guiding tool. The present paper illustrates the use of IVS-PLS on both simulated data and real examples from chemistry. In the first example, spectrophotometric data were simulated according to an experimental design. The objective was to see how IVS-PLS was influenced by different levels of noise in X and Y and by the number of predictor variables (K). The results of the modelling are shown as response surfaces. In addition, four real examples were modelled by the IVS-PLS technique. The real data sets were chosen to reflect different types of data from chemistry. For each example a comparison of ‘prediction error sum of squares’ (PRESS) between IVS-PLS and classical PLS is madeFor most of the examples containing many predictor variables IVS-PLS shows an improvement in predictive properties over classical PLS. Also, improvements for IVS-PLS2 (modelling of more than one y-variable) models were found. For data sets with a moderate number of variables the influence of the IVS method becomes less pronounced.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090502
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  • 95
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    An extended strategy for exploratory multivariate image analysis including noise considerations (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995), S. 389-409 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: multivariate image analysis ; principal component analysis ; exploratory data analysis ; projection in multivariate space ; graphical visualization ; noise ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Multivariate image analysis (MIA) is a powerful tool for many image segmentation and classification problems, but the interpretation and understanding of the original and resulting multidimensional (multivariate) data are not always easy. A strategy for MIA has been proposed which describes its usage on multivariate images for segmentation tasks. MIA starts with principal component analysis (PCA) and then continues with interactive analysis of the output from PCA. In this paper a number of extensions to MIA are proposed. The extensions are the suggestion to incorporate preprocessing of the multivariate image in MIA, the suggestion to use synthetic multivariate image models which create a clear-cut situation, and new visualization tools which improve the interactivity and understanding of the results. Extended MIA is applied on synthetic multivariate image data simulating a possible application with large noise, positron emission tomography (PET). As a result of the interactive analysis, suggestions for preprocessing emerge. The developed methodology for handling the noise is then applied on real PET image data with good results.
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090506
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  • 96
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    A correlation principal component regression analysis of NIR data (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995), S. 21-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Near-infrared absorbance ; Partial least squares ; Principal component regression ; Root-mean-square error of prediction ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The use of principal component regression (PCR) as a multivariate calibration method has been discussed by a number of authors. In most situations principal components are included in the regression model in sequence based on the variances of the components, and the principal components with small variances are rarely used in regression. As pointed out by some authors, a low variance for a component does not necessarily imply that the corresponding component is unimportant, especially when prediction is of primary interest. In this paper we investigate a different version of PCR, correlation principal component regression (CPCR). In CPCR the importance of principal components in terms of predicting the response variable is used as a basis for the inclusion of principal components in the regression model. Two typical examples arising from calibrating near-infrared (NIR) instruments are discussed for the comparison of the two different versions of PCR along with partial least squares (PLS), a commonly used regression approach in NIR analysis. In both examples the three methods show similar optimal prediction ability, but CPCR performs better than standard PCR and PLS in terms of the number of components needed to achieve the optimal prediction ability. Similar results are also seen in other NIR examples.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090104
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  • 97
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    Announcement (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995), S. i 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090108
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  • 98
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    International chemometrics research meeting (ICRM) (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995), S. 137-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090205
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  • 99
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    Simple encoding of infrared spectra for pattern recognition. 1: Statistical examination of the effectiveness and information content by factor analysis (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995), S. 143-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: pattern recognition ; infrared spectra ; factor analysis ; maximum likelihood method ; entropy of information ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The spectral region from 700 to 3600 cm-1 is subdivided into several wave number intervals. The peaks in each interval are summarized by means of three encoding algorithms. Using a factor model of kcommon factors, the total extractable variacnce (com) of a given set of intervals is calculated and correlated with the redundancy of information in all these intervals. The value of com is verified by analysis of the factor loadings aik (factor pattern). Finally, the information content of some chosen sets of intervals coded by the three selected feature algorithms will be correlated to the probability of information flow through a serial-parallel network. The encoding using only wave numbers was found to be the most effective.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090303
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  • 100
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    Diagnostics statistics in QSAR (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 9 (1995), S. 211-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: diagnostics statistics ; QSAR ; MASCA ; principal component regression ; non-least squares regression ; types of multicollincarity ; flagged observations ; influential points ; high-leverage points ; outliers ; extra-carrier points ; random perturbation ; cluster correalation ; resampling ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The formal application of a Hansch analysis to a series of 3-quinuclidinyl benzylates (QNBs) led to a ‘statistically significant’ QSAR equation. In contrast, the application of the MASCA model has shown that the design matrix is unsuitable for each QSAR analysis: one sample member is an outlier but not a high-leverage or influential point; another one is an influential point, a high-leverage point and an extra-carrier point. The regressors of the design matrix are multicollinear without predictive model power. The result of such flagged observation and this type of multicollinearity is a multiple cluster correlation. The QNB series is a good example for ‘sampling artifacts’ where no practically important but artificial QSARs can be found.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180090307
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