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  • 2000-2004
  • 1995-1999  (158)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1920-1924
  • 1997  (158)
  • Genetics  (158)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preliminary report on the Mount Sinai Hospital Inflammatory Bowel Disease Genetics Project (1997)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 40 (1997), S. 553-557 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Inflammatory bowel disease ; Crohn's disease ; Ulcerative colitis ; Genetics ; Family history
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract BACKGROUND: Although the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is unknown, there is increasing evidence that genetic predisposition plays a major etiologic role. To provide the framework for gene identification using a positional cloning approach, ascertainment of families with multiple affected members and careful documentation of pedigrees are essential. Objective: To report the initial findings of the IBD Genetics Project of the Mount Sinai Hospital IBD Research Unit. METHODS: All records of patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease followed at the Mount Sinai Hospital IBD Unit were reviewed. A questionnaire was sent to all patients to ascertain those with a family history of IBD. Patients with a presumed family history were contacted by a research assistant, and after confirmation of diagnosis, relevant clinical information, pedigrees, and consent to contact family members were obtained. Blood for DNA and cell line preparation were collected from affected and nonaffected family members. RESULTS: Of 2,504 patients registered in the IBD database, 231 (9.2 percent) were found to have an affected family member: 96 of 964 (10 percent) with Crohn's disease (CD) and 135 of 1,540 (8.8 percent) with ulcerative colitis (UC). A mean of 2.4 family members were affected. In families in which the proband had CD, 82.3 percent had only two affected family members, 78.1 percent had only family members affected with CD, and 82.3 percent had only first-degree family members affected. In families in which the proband had UC, 70.4 percent had only two affected family members, 71.1 percent had only family members affected with UC, and 65.2 percent had only first-degree family members affected. In the 231 families, there were 103 sibling pairs: 46 percent with CD, 28 percent with UC, and 26 percent with CD/UC. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that approximately 10 percent of IBD patients have affected family members, with the rate being similar in UC and CD. Future research is directed to genome scanning and linkage analysis in this cohort of patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02055377
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic control of Interleukin 12 responsiveness: implications for disease pathogenesis (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 75 (1997), S. 502-511 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Key words T helper 1/T helper 2 ; Genetics ; Interleukin 12 ; Allergy ; Autoimmunity ; Leishmania
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  We examined the effect of genetic background on Th1/Th2 development. We discuss data demonstrating that genetic background is an important determinant of interleukin-12 (IL-12) responsiveness and the potential implications for disease progression in murine experimental leishmaniasis. Genetic analysis of the differential control of IL-12 responsiveness led to the identification of a controlling locus on the middle portion of murine chromosome 11. This genetic region (or its human counterpart, 5q31) has been associated with increased disease susceptibilities for several atopic, infectious, and autoimmune disorders. We discuss potential roles for genetic control of IL-12 responsiveness in the development of these diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001090050135
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Familial Hodgkin's disease: a disease of young adulthood? (1997)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 74 (1997), S. 131-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Key words Hodgkin's disease ; Sex ; Age ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Familial Hodgkin's disease (FHD) is estimated to represent approximately 4.5% of all cases of Hodgkin's disease (HD). Shared environmental factors, such as Epstein-Barr virus and other viral agents, and genetic determinants have all been proposed to explain familial aggregation of HD. In order to compare the characteristic features of FHD with those of the much more common sporadic form, we reviewed 28 articles on FHD, published between 1972 and 1995, and analyzed in further detail data from 18 papers, reporting on a total of 328 patients. The male-to-female ratio of the FHD population examined was 1.5, similar to that reported for sporadic HD, and lower than the one suggested for FHD by some authors. On the other hand, a significant difference was found between sporadic and familial HD according to age at diagnosis; that is, only one major peak between 15 and 34 years was present in the group of patients with FHD. Further investigation of FHD in young adulthood may provide insight into the hypothesis of a genetic or infectious etiology of the disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002770050270
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetics and cytology of a new genic male-sterile soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (1997)
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 10 (1997), S. 13-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Keywords: Key words Soybean ; Male sterility ; Genetics ; Callase ; Callose
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Genetic and cytological studies were conducted with a new male-sterile, female-fertile soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] mutant. This mutant was completely male sterile and was inherited as a single-recessive gene. No differences in female or male gamete transmission of the recessive allele were observed between reciprocal cross-pollinations in the F1 or F2 generations. This mutant was not allelic to any previously identified soybean genic male-sterile mutants: ms1, ms2, ms3, ms4, ms5, or ms6. No linkage was detected between sterility and flower color (W1 locus), or between sterility and pubescence color (T1 locus). Light microscopic and cytological observations of microsporogenesis in fertile and sterile anthers were conducted. The structure of microspore mother cells (MMC) in male-sterile plants was identical to the MMCs in male-fertile plants. Enzyme extraction analyses showed that there was no callase activity in male-sterile anthers, and this suggests that sterility was caused by retention of the callose walls, which normally are degraded around tetrads at the late tetrad stage. The tapetum from male-sterile anthers also showed abnormalities at the tetrad stage and later stages, which were expressed by an unusual formation of vacuoles, and by accumulation of densely staining material. At maturity, anthers from sterile plants were devoid of pollen grains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004970050062
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of naltrexone on subjective alcohol response in subjects at high and low risk for future alcohol dependence (1997)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 129 (1997), S. 15-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words Naltrexone ; Alcohol ; Genetics ; Social drinkers ; Family history of alcoholism ; Biphasic Alcohol Effects Scale
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We investigated specific subjective effects of naltrexone pretreatment or placebo during various intervals on the breath alcohol level (BAL) curve in nonalcoholic volunteers. Fifteen high-risk (social drinkers with an alcoholic father) and 14 low-risk (no alcoholic relatives in at least two generations) subjects were tested in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the effects of 50 mg oral naltrexone on response to a moderate dose of alcohol. Dependent measures included subjective stimulation and sedation subscales from the Biphasic Alcohol Effects Scale (BAES) and mood subscales from the Profile of Mood States (POMS). At rising BALs, high-risk subjects showed a naltrexone-related attenuation of BAES stimulation. This effect was not evident in low-risk subjects, who directionally showed the opposite effect, although nonsignificant. For both groups, there were no significant naltrexone-related effects for BAES sedation; however, naltrexone did affect several POMS scales on alcohol response, such as decreased vigor, and increased fatigue, tension, and confusion. Confusion was significantly elevated for the high-risk group during rising BALs of the naltrexone session. The results suggest a differential response to naltrexone, based on paternal history of alcoholism and level of stimulation experienced during alcohol drinking.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050156
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms in pathologically proven Parkinson’s disease (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 244 (1997), S. 262-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Key words Parkinson’s disease ; Genetics ; Mitochondrial DNA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To date, five single base pair changes of the mitochondrial DNA have been reported to occur either exclusively or with increased frequency in Caucasian patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and it has been postulated that these mutations might be causally related to the observed inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory chain function in PD. To evaluate these findings, we analysed the frequency of all five polymorphisms in 100 cases of pathologically proven cases of PD. We were either unable to detect the previously described polymorphisms in our series or found them to be present with the same frequency among controls. Our data do not support the hypothesis of an involvement of the mitochondrial DNA in the pathogenesis of PD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004150050082
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetics, haloperidol-induced catalepsy and haloperidol-induced changes in acoustic startle and prepulse inhibition (1997)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 134 (1997), S. 131-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words Startle ; Prepulse inhibition ; Inbred strains ; Haloperidol ; Catalepsy ; Schizophrenia ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The acoustic startle response (ASR), prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the ASR and the effects of haloperidol on the ASR and PPI were examined in C57BL/6J (B6) and DBA/2 (D2) inbred mouse strains and their F1 and F2 progeny. The startle stimulus was a 60-ms, 110-dB, 10-kHz tone; the prepulse stimuli were 20-ms white noise bursts at 56, 68 and 80 dB against a 50-dB background presented 100-ms before the startle pulse. The B6 strain showed modest PPI (25–40%); in contrast, the D2 strain showed on average no PPI and numerous individuals showed prepulse augmentation (PPA). The F2 progeny showed an intermediate PPI; however, the extreme values ranged from 200% PPA to essentially 100% PPI. Haloperidol in dose-dependent fashion, increased PPI in both the B6 and D2 strains; the threshold dose was in the range of 0.1–0.2 mg/kg. Raclopride (0.3 mg/kg), clozapine (2 mg/kg) and risperidone (0.4 mg/kg) also increased PPI in both strains. The effects of haloperidol (0.4 mg/kg) on PPI in 140 F2 progeny were examined. For all prepulse intensities, there were highly significant (r 〉 0.80) and negative correlations between baseline PPI and the haloperidol-induced change in PPI. Thus, those animals that showed the greatest PPA showed the greatest haloperidol-induced increase in PPI. There was, however, significant variance in the haloperidol response; plots of the regression residuals showed the most and least responsive animals differed by almost 100% in effect on PPI. The F2 progeny were subsequently phenotyped for haloperidol-induced catalepsy. There was no association between the variation in effects on catalepsy and PPI. However, it was observed that those individuals with the poorest baseline PPI were catalepsy non-responsive.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050434
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavioral phenotypes of inbred mouse strains: implications and recommendations for molecular studies (1997)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 132 (1997), S. 107-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words Mouse ; Inbred strains ; Behavior ; Genetics ; Locomotion ; Open field activity ; Learning ; Memory ; Aggression ; Parental behaviors ; Acoustic startle ; Prepulse inhibition ; Alcohol ; Nicotine ; Cocaine ; Opiates ; Haloperidol ; Diazepam ; Breeding ; Embryonic stem cell lines ; Transgenic ; Knockouts ; Null mutation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Choosing the best genetic strains of mice for developing a new knockout or transgenic mouse requires extensive knowledge of the endogenous traits of inbred strains. Background genes from the parental strains may interact with the mutated gene, in a manner which could severely compromise the interpretation of the mutant phenotype. The present overview summarizes the literature on a wide variety of behavioral traits for the 129, C57BL/6, DBA/2, and many other inbred strains of mice. Strain distributions are described for open field activity, learning and memory tasks, aggression, sexual and parental behaviors, acoustic startle and prepulse inhibition, and the behavioral actions of ethanol, nicotine, cocaine, opiates, antipsychotics, and anxiolytics. Using the referenced information, molecular geneticists can choose optimal parental strains of mice, and perhaps develop new embryonic stem cell progenitors, for new knockouts and transgenics to investigate gene function, and to serve as animal models in the development of novel therapeutics for human genetic diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050327
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of cocaine on operant responding for food in several strains of mice (1997)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 132 (1997), S. 202-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words Cocaine ; Operant behavior ; Genetics ; Mice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The availability of numerous genetically homogenous mouse strains permits the analysis of genetic influences on behavior and also behavioral sensitivity (responsivity) to drugs of abuse. The current study was conducted to characterize discriminated operant responding for food in four inbred strains (Balb/cByJ, DBA/2J, C57BL/6J, SJL/J), an F1 Hybrid (C57BL/6×SJL), and one outbred strain (CD1) of mouse. The effect of cocaine on this operant behavior was also examined. Initially, all animals were trained to nosepoke for food on a continuous reinforcement schedule. The minimum response requirement for reinforcement was increased every 5 days until the animals were responding on an FR-15 schedule of reinforcement. All strains increased operant responding as the schedule of reinforcement was raised. However, significant differences in response rate and discrimination learning were observed among the various strains of mice. Cocaine administration reduced operant responding for food in Balb/cByJ, C57BL/6J, C57BL/6×SJL/J and CD1 mice at a dose of 15.0 mg/kg, whereas higher doses were required in DBA/2J mice (30.0 mg/kg) and SJL/J mice (56.0 mg/kg). These results suggest that operant performance and the effect of cocaine on this behavior is differentially influenced by genetic make-up.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050337
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Homoclinic chaos in a model of natural selection (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of mathematical biology 35 (1997), S. 294-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1416
    Keywords: Key words: Natural selection ; Homoclinic chaos ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract.  We modify a simple mathematical model for natural selection originally formulated by Robert M. May in 1983 by permitting one homozygote to have a larger selective advantage when rare than the other, and show that the new model exhibits dynamical chaos. We determine an open region of parameter space associated with homoclinic points, and prove that there are infinite sequences of period-doubling bifurcations along selected paths through parameter space. We also discuss the possibility of chaos arising from imbalance in the homozygote fitnesses in more realistic biological situations, beyond the constraints of the model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002850050053
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of a unique plastid-localized heat-shock protein is genetically linked to acquired thermotolerance in wheat (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 95 (1997), S. 834-841 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Stress proteins ; Heat tolerance ; Chloroplast ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  We have used a combination of molecular and classical genetic approaches to delineate the relationship between a specific HSP member and cell viability under heat stress. Using recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of wheat, derived from a cross of the thermotolerant cultivar ‘Mustang’ and the thermosusceptible cultivar ‘Sturdy,’ we have identified a unique HSP and a differentially expressed cDNA sequence, both related to the plastid-localized HSP26 gene family, that are closely associated with acquired thermotolerance in wheat. An isoform of HSP26 was synthesized under heat stress in all examined thermotolerant RILs and ‘Mustang’, and was absent in all examined thermosusceptible RILs and ‘Sturdy.’ Using a modified differential-display method, we have also identified a gene-specific cDNA sequence that is similar to other known members of the wheat HSP26 gene family and is selectively expressed in ‘Mustang’ and most of the examined thermotolerant RILs, but not expressed in ‘Sturdy’ and all the thermosusceptible RILs. These results suggest a genetic linkage between the acquired thermotolerance trait and the differential expression of a unique member of the HSP26 gene family.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050633
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extreme resistance to potato virus V in clones of Solanum tuberosum that are also resistant to potato viruses Y and A: evidence for a locus conferring broad-spectrum potyvirus resistance (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 95 (1997), S. 1258-1262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Extreme virus resistance ; Potyviruses ; Genetics ; Genes Rysto and Ra ; Broad-spectrum resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Extreme resistance to the potato V potyvirus (PVV) was found in four potato cultivars that contain Ry genes from Solanum stoloniferum. When plants of these cultivars, were inoculated by grafting in shoot tips from PVV-infected tomato plants, necrotic symptoms developed in some cultivars, although a full hypersensitive reaction was not elicited, while other cultivars were symptomless. PVV replication was not detected in any of the inoculated plants by ELISA, an infectivity assay of leaf extracts by manual inoculation to Nicotiana benthamiana indicator plants, or by ‘return grafting’ of shoot tips taken from newly developed shoots of the potato plants to virus-free indicator plants of tomato. These methods readily detected PVV infection in inoculated plants of cv ‘Flourball’, which does not contain an Ry gene and is susceptible, and in cvs ‘Maris Piper’ and ‘Dr Macintosh’, which contain gene Nv conditioning a hypersensitive reaction to inoculation. One of the Ry-containing cultivars, ‘Barbara’, has been previously shown to contain two genes that control extreme resistance, defined as no viral replication in intact plants, to the potyviruses potato viruses Y and A (PVY and PVA). These genes are: Ry sto , which conditions resistance to PVY and PVA, and gene Ra, which conditions resistance to PVA only. It was found that in genotypes from a progeny of the cross ‘Barbara’ (Ry sto /Ra)בFlourball’ (ry/ra), extreme resistance to PVV segregated with gene Ry sto . It is proposed that either gene Ry sto conditions broad-spectrum extreme resistance to the distinct potyviruses PVY, PVA, and PVV or that Ry sto represents a family of genetically closely linked genes each controlling resistance to a specific virus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050690
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resistance to Phytophthora fragariae var. fragariae in strawberry: the Rpf2 gene (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 94 (1997), S. 1092-1096 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Fragaria×ananassa ; Genetics ; Inheritance ; Red core ; Red stele
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract   Phytophthora fragariae var. fragariae is the causal agent of red stele (red core) root rot in strawberry (Fragaria spp.). The inheritance of resistance to one isolate of this fungus was studied in 12 segregating populations of F.×ananassa derived from crosses between four resistant cultivars (‘Climax’, ‘Redgauntlet’, ‘Siletz’, and ‘Sparkle’) and three susceptible cultivars (‘Blakemore’, ‘Glasa’, and ‘Senga’ Sengana’). The analysis clearly supports the hypothesis of a single segregating dominant resistance gene. It is proposed that this gene be designated Rpf2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050520
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic aspects of childhood behavioral disorders (1997)
    Springer
    Child psychiatry & human development 27 (1997), S. 139-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3327
    Keywords: ADHD ; Tourette Syndrome ; Genetics ; Gene Selection ; Conduct Disorder
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The evidence is reviewed to support the concept that many disruptive, childhood and adolescent behavioral disorders including ADHD, Tourette syndrome, learning disabilities, substance abuse, oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder, are part of a spectrum of inter-related behaviors that have a strong genetic component, are polygenically inherited, share a number of genes in common that affect dopamine, serotonin and other neurotransmitters, and are transmitted from both parents. Some of the implications of this hypothesis in relation to diagnosis and treatment are reviewed, including the possibility that the genes involved may be increasing in frequency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02353694
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computerized EEG topography of normal preadolescent twins—Correlating similarity of background activity with genetic relatedness (1997)
    Springer
    Brain topography 9 (1997), S. 303-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6792
    Keywords: EEG normality ; Brain topography ; Twins ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The influence of genetic relatedness on the similarity degree of topographical EEG parameters was studied in a sample of 26 sets of monozygotic (MZ) and 46 sets of dizygotic (DZ) twins. All 144 subjects were healthy, primary school children, aged 7–15 years, 69 boys and 75 girls. Correlation coefficients were calculated for 50 quantitative EEG parameters of paired values obtained at each of 16 active electrode sites, in four groups of paired tracings: 1. MZ twins, 2. DZ twins, 3. The autocorrelated (A) group formed by correlating the spectral parameters from the same subjects in two different analyzed sequences, 4. The random (R) control group of 1200 unrelated pairs formed from DZ twin pairs. Sets of MZ twins and A group showed the highest degrees of similarity of spectral parameters over all brain areas except for significant differences only for some background features over posterior regions. In contrast, highly significant differences in topographic parameters were evident in comparison of MZ sets with DZ sets, particularly when MZ sets were compared with DZ subsets of opposite sex. Both number and degree of significant differences increased progressively in comparisons with groups 3 vs 2,1 vs 4, and 3 vs 4. The data gave strong evidence for a complex polygenic determination of normal human EEG topography.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01464485
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sequence Analysis of 203 Kilobases from Saccharomyces cerevisiae Chromosome VII (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 1077-1090 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; chromosome VII ; sequence ; snRNA ; SNR10 ; SNR39 ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The nucleotide sequences of five major regions from chromosome VII of Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been determined and analysed. These regions represent 203 kilobases corresponding to approximately one-fifth of the complete yeast chromosome VII. Two fragments originate from the left arm of this chromosome. The first one of about 15·8 kb starts approximately 75 kb from the left telomere and is bordered by the SKI8 chromosomal marker. The second fragment covers the 72·6 kb region between the chromosomal markers CYH2 and ALG2. On the right chromosomal arm three regions, a 70·6 kb region between the MSB2 and the KSS1 chromosomal markers and two smaller regions dominated by the KRE11 marker and another one in the vicinity of the SER2 marker were sequenced.We found a total of 114 open reading frames (ORFs), 13 of which were completely overlapping with larger ORFs running in the opposite direction.A total of 44 yeast genes, the physiological functions of which are known, could be precisely mapped on this chromosome.Of the remaining 57 ORFs, 26 shared sequence homologies with known genes, among which were 13 other S. cerevisiae genes and five genes from other organisms. No homology with any sequence in the databases could be found for 31 ORFs.Furthermore, five Ty elements were found, one of which may not be functional due to a frame shift in its Ty1B amino acid sequence.The five chromosomal regions harboured five potential ARS elements and one sigma element together with eight tRNA genes and two snRNAs, one of which is encoded by an intron of a protein-coding gene. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Accumulation of Misfolded Protein Aggregates Leads to the Formation of Russell Body-like Dilated Endoplasmic Reticulum in Yeast (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 1009-1020 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; endoplasmic reticulum ; chaperone ; unfolded protein response ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: RNAP-I, an aspartic proteinase from a filamentous fungus Rhizopus niveus, is secreted very efficiently in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It is synthesized first as a precursor form with signal sequence and prosequence in its amino-terminus. Our previous study indicated that the prosequence of RNAP-I had important roles in its correct folding and secretion in yeast, and that a prosequence-deleted derivative of RNAP-I, Δpro, was not secreted but was retained and degraded in the yeast endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In the present study, we show that the accumulation of Δpro in the yeast ER caused elevated synthesis of ER resident chaperones, indicating that Δpro is recognized as an unfolded protein species in the ER. Our biochemical data demonstrated that Δpro formed aggregates which contained BiP, but not protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), in the ER. Immunoelectron microscopical analysis revealed that the Δpro aggregates were indeed visible as electron-dense regions in the ER and nuclear envelope. Such ‘chaperone-associated misfolded protein bodies’ were observed for the first time in yeast. Morphologies of the ER and nucleus were drastically altered by the accumulation of the Δpro aggregates. The ER lost its flat cisternal shape; the ER lumen extended aberrantly and the ER membrane irregularly proliferated. The misfolded Δpro proteins are probably sorted from the ordinary ER lumen to form the aggregates so that the ER function would not be grossly impaired, and the dilated ER may represent an ER subcompartment where the Δpro aggregates are degraded. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression Profiles of Transcripts from 126 Open Reading Frames in the Entire Chromosome VI of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by Systematic Northern Analyses (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 1275-1290 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; chromosome VI ; expression profiles ; systematic analyses ; Northern hybridization ; YFL012w ; YFR032c ; YFL059w ; YFR011c ; novel genes ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Chromosome VI of Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains 126 open reading frames (ORFs), and the functions of proteins encoded by 80 ORFs are still unknown. In this report, we have systematically examined the expression profiles of all 126 ORFs on chromosome VI under five kinds of growth conditions by quantitative Northern hybridization. A series of Northern analyses and reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions have revealed that more than 64 novel ORFs are transcribed. Two ORFs (YFL059w and YFR011c) are specifically expressed in the presence of galactose. Two ORFs (YFL012w and YFR032c) are specifically transcribed in sporulation. Six ORFs (YFL049w, YFL035c, YFL010c, YFR006w, YFR010w and YFR017c) are abundantly expressed in many growth conditions. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Molecular Characterization of the Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase Gene of Phaffia rhodozyma (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 1231-1242 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: yeast ; gpd ; codon usage ; carotenoid ; astaxanthin ; splicing ; phylogeny ; evolution ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD; EC1.2.1.12)-encoding gene (gpd) was isolated from a genomic library of Phaffia rhodozyma CBS 6938. Unlike some other eukaryotic organisms the gpd gene is represented by a single copy in P. rhodozyma. The complete nucleotide sequence of the coding, as well as the flanking non-coding regions was determined. The nucleotide sequence of gpd predicted six introns and a polypeptide chain of 339 amino acids. The codon usage in the gpd gene of P. rhodozyma was highly biased and was significantly different from the codon usage in other yeasts. Phylogenetic analysis of different yeasts and filamentous asco- and basidiomycetes gpd sequences indicated that the gpd gene of P. rhodozyma forms a cluster with the corresponding genes of filamentous basidiomycetes. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 20
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    A Phylogenetic Analysis of Saccharomyces Species by the Sequence of 18S-28S rRNA Spacer Regions (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 1243-1250 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces ; phylogeny ; ribosomal RNA ; systematics ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Sequences of two internally transcribed spacer regions between 18S and 28S rRNA genes were determined to assess the phylogenetic relationship in the strains belonging to the genus Saccharomyces. The sequences of S. bayanus and S. pastorianus were quite similar, but not identical. Two phylogenetic trees constructed by the neighbor-joining method showed that all the species examined were distinguished from one another. The Saccharomyces sensu stricto species: S. cerevisiae, S. bayanus, S. paradoxus and S. pastorianus, were closely related and far from the Saccharomyces sensu lato species including S. barnetti, S. castellii, S. dairensis, S. exiguus, S. servazzii, S. spencerorum and S. unisporus, and an outlying species, S. kluyveri. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 21
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    Transcriptional Regulation of SUP35 and SUP45 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 1265-1274 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; transcription ; regulation ; translation factor ; psi factor ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SUP35 and SUP45 encode translational release factors in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In addition, Sup35p is related to the cytoplasmically inherited prion-like phenotype [PSI+]. The vital cellular role of Sup35p and Sup45p prompted us to study the regulation of transcription of the corresponding genes. Since the [PSI] state of the yeast strain affects the abundance of Sup35p and Sup45p, both [PSI+] and [psi-] variants were included in these analyses. It turned out that SUP35 and SUP45 transcript levels are regulated by nutritional changes and stress in a way strikingly similar to those of ribosomal protein genes. The [PSI] state did not influence the respective transcript levels nor their regulation, although HSP12 (as a monitor of general stress-responsive) gene expression appeared to differ in the two variant strains. The transcription activation sites of SUP35 and SUP45 were mapped using deletion analysis of the respective promoter-reporter fusion genes. The UAS in both cases was found to consist of an Abf1p-site and a T-rich element. Also in this respect SUP35 and SUP45 show a notable resemblance with ribosomal protein genes. Evidence was found that SUP35 in addition harbors a potential internal promoter element which became active after progressive 5′-deletion removing the first of the three in-frame ATGs. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 22
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    Functional differences among the six Saccharomyces cerevisiae tRNATrp genes (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 1357-1362 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Suppressor tRNA ; UGA codon ; 5′-flanking sequence ; gene copy number ; fidelity of translation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The Saccharomyces cerevisiae haploid genome includes six copies of the gene encoding tRNATrp which are scattered on five chromosomes. Other, non-functional tDNATrp fragments also occur in the genome. The segments of all six genes which encode the 72-nucleotide mature tRNAas well as a 34-nucleotide intervening sequence, are identical. However, the 5′ and 3′ flanking sequences diverge virtually at the boundaries of the coding region. We have used an assay based on suppression of UGA mutations by multi-copy clones of tDNATrp to search for functional differences among these genes. Previous studies with one tDNATrp had demonstrated that moderate suppression of a UGA mutation, leu2-2, resulted from introduction of a multi-copy clone of the gene. Attempts to use this assay to select tDNATrp clones from a yeast genomic library yielded only four of the six different clones. The other two genes were amplified by PCR and cloned in pRS202, a 2 μ vector also used for the genomic library. Plasmids bearing the six tRNA genes were transformed into S. cerevisiae strain JG369.3B and scored for their ability to suppress the leu2-2 mutation as well as his4-260, another UGA marker. Two of the six tRNATrp clones were unable to suppress either marker, two evidenced weak suppression of the Leu auxotrophy, and two were able to suppress both markers. Growth rates in liquid media requiring suppression were measured for cell lines carrying each of the clones. Differences greater than 50-fold were observed in media lacking histidine. An evolutionary tree based on 5′-flanking sequence corresponds reasonably well with suppressor activity, while a similar analysis of 3′-flanking sequence does not. This suggests that the functional differences are based on divergence in the 5′-flanking sequences of the tRNATrp genes. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 23
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    Characterization of new proteins found by analysis of short open reading frames from the full yeast genome (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 1363-1374 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; short ORFs ; computational ORF verification ; ORF properties ; sequence similarity ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We have analysed short open reading frames (between 150 and 300 base pairs long) of the yeast genome (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) with a two-step strategy. The first step selects a candidate set of open reading frames from the DNA sequence based on statistical evaluation of DNA and protein sequence properties. The second step filters the candidate set by selecting open reading frames with high similarity to other known sequences (from any organism). As a result, we report ten new predicted proteins not present in the current sequence databases. These include a new alcohol dehydrogenase, a protein probably related to the cell cycle, as well as a homolog of the prokaryotic ribosomal protein L36 likely to be a mitochondrial ribosomal protein coded in the nuclear genome. We conclude that the analysis of short open reading frames leads to biologically interesting discoveries, even though the quantitative yield of new proteins is relatively low. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Isolation and sequence of the gene encoding ornithine decarboxylase, SPE1, from Candida albicans by complementation of a spe1Δ ctrain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 1383-1389 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: ornithine decarboxylase ; SPE1 gene ; Candida albicans ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The gene encoding ornithine decarboxylase, SPE1, from the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans has been isolated by complementation of an ornithine decarboxylase-negative (spe1Δ) strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Four transformants, three of which contain plasmids with the SPE1 gene, were isolated by selection on polyamine-free medium. The C. albicans ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) showed high homology with other eukaryotic ODCs at both the amino acid and nucleic acid levels. The GenBank accession number for this gene is U85005. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    In silicio identification of glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-anchored plasma-membrane and cell wall proteins of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 1477-1489 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: GPI-anchor ; GPI-attachment site ; yeast ; Ascomycetes ; fungi ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Use of the Von Heijne algorithm allowed the identification of 686 open reading frames (ORFs) in the genome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that encode proteins with a potential N-terminal signal sequence for entering the secretory pathway. On further analysis, 51 of these proteins contain a potential glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-attachment signal. Seven additional ORFs were found to belong to this group. Upon examination of the possible GPI-attachment sites, it was found that in yeast the most probable amino acids for GPI-attachment are asparagine and glycine. In yeast, GPI-proteins are found at the cell surface, either attached to the plasma-membrane or as an intrinsic part of the cell wall. It was noted that plasma-membrane GPI-proteins possess a dibasic residue motif just before their predicted GPI-attachment site. Based on this, and on homologies between proteins, families of plasma-membrane and cell wall proteins were assigned, revealing 20 potential plasma-membrane and 38 potential cell wall proteins. For members of three plasma-membrane protein families, a function has been described. On the other hand, most of the cell wall proteins seem to be structural components of the wall, responsive to different growth conditions. The GPI-attachment site of yeast slightly differs from mammalian cells. This might be of use in the development of anti-fungal drugs. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants altered in vacuole function are defective in copper detoxification and iron-responsive gene transcription (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 1423-1435 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; metal ion toxicity ; vacuole ; protein sorting ; gene regulation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The metal ions, Cu2+/+ and Fe3+/2+, are essential co-factors for a wide variety of enzymatic reactions. However, both metal ions are toxic when hyper-accumulated or maldistributed within cells due to their ability to generate damaging free radicals or through the displacement of other physiological metal ions from metalloproteins. Although copper transport into yeast cells is apparently independent of iron, the known dependence on Cu2+ for high affinity transport of Fe2+ into yeast cells has established a physiological link between these two trace metal ions. In this study we demonstrate that proteins encoded by genes previously demonstrated to play critical roles in vacuole assembly or acidification, PEP3, PEP5 and VMA3, are also required for normal copper and iron metal ion homeostasis. Yeast cells lacking a functional PEP3 or PEP5 gene are hypersensitive to copper and render the normally iron-repressible FET3 gene, encoding a multi-copper Fe(II) oxidase involved in Fe2+ transport, also repressible by exogenous copper ions. The inability of these same vacuolar mutant strains to repress FET3 mRNA levels in the presence of an iron-unresponsive allele of the AFT1 regulatory gene are consistent with alterations in the intracellular distribution or redox states of Fe3+/2+ in the presence of elevated extracellular concentrations of copper ions. Therefore, the yeast vacuole is an important organelle for maintaining the homeostatic convergence of the essential yet toxic copper and iron ions. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 27
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    Identification of the gene encoding scHelI, a DNA helicase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 1465-1475 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: HEL1 ; scHelI ; yeast helicases ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The gene encoding scHelI, a previously characterized DNA helicase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has been identified as YER176w, an open reading frame on chromosome V. The gene has been named HEL1 to indicate the DNA helicase activity of the gene product. HEL1 was identified by screening a |glgt11 yeast protein expression library with antiserum to purified scHelI. Several independent immunopositive clones were isolated and shown to contain portions of HEL1 either by sequencing or by hybridization to a probe containing HEL1 sequences. The HEL1 open reading frame includes the seven conserved helicase motifs, consistent with the DNA helicase activity of scHelI, and the predicted size of the protein is in agreement with the size of purified scHelI. Partially purified cellular extracts from a hel1 deletion mutant strain did not contain scHelI activity. Homology searches revealed protein sequence homology between HEL1 and two previously identified and biochemically characterized yeast helicases, encoded by the DNA2 and UPF1 genes.Haploid hel1 deletion strains were constructed and shown to be viable with growth rates equivalent to those of parental strains. These strains did not differ from the parental strains in ultraviolet light sensitivity or the generation of petite colonies. Furthermore, these haploid deletion strains were capable of mating, the resultant diploid homozygous mutants were viable, capable of sporulation, and the spores displayed no reduction in viability. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 28
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    Regulation of ribosome synthesis in yeast (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 1505-1518 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: bibosome biogenesis ; ribosomal RNA ; ribosomal proteins ; gene regulation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: No Abstract
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  • 29
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    Large-scale phenotypic analysis - the pilot project on yeast chromosome III (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 1547-1562 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: chromosome III ; drug-sensitivity/resistance ; functional analysis ; genome ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In 1993, a pilot project for the functional analysis of newly discovered open reading frames, presumably coding for proteins, from yeast chromosome III was launched by the European Community. In the frame of this programme, we have developed a large-scale screening for the identification of gene/protein functions via systematic phenotypic analysis. To this end, some 80 haploid mutant yeast strains were constructed, each carrying a targeted deletion of a single gene obtained by HIS3 or TRP1 transplacement in the W303 background and a panel of some 100 growth conditions was established, ranging from growth substrates, stress to, predominantly, specific inhibitors and drugs acting on various cellular processes. Furthermore, co-segregation of the targeted deletion and the observed phenotype(s) in meiotic products has been verified. The experimental procedure, using microtiter plates for phenotypic analysis of yeast mutants, can be applied on a large scale, either on solid or in liquid media. Since the minimal working unit of one 96-well microtiter plate allows the simultaneous analysis of at least 60 mutant strains, hundreds of strains can be handled in parallel. The high number of monotropic and pleiotropic phenotypes (62%) obtained, together with the acquired practical experience, have shown this approach to be simple, inexpensive and reproducible. It provides a useful tool for the yeast community for the systematic search of biochemical and physiological functions of unknown genes accounting for about a half of the 6000 genes of the complete yeast genome. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 30
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    Sequencing of a 40·5 kb Fragment Located on the Left Arm of Chromosome VII from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 55-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; chromosome VII ; genome sequencing ; ribosomal protein ; serine/threonine protein kinase ; transcriptional regulatory protein ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The nucleotide sequence of a 40·5 kb DNA fragment from the left arm of chromosome VII of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was determined and analysed. Twenty-eight open reading frames (ORFs) longer than 300 nucleotides were identified. Eight of them correspond to the following known yeast genes: EMP24, GCN1, SPO8, COX13, CDC55, RPS26, COX4 and LSR1, also called GTS1. Twelve ORFs are new, among them eight show homology with other genes while four have no homology with any sequence in the databases. Eight additional ORFs are internal to or partially overlapping with other ORFs. The nucleotide sequence reported here is deposited in the EMBL database under the Accession Numbers X91837 and X91489. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Yeast PIG Genes: PIG1 Encodes a Putative Type 1 Phosphatase Subunit that Interacts with the Yeast Glycogen Synthase Gsy2p (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: glycogen ; phosphatase type 1 ; targeting ; PIG1 ; PIG2 ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The biosynthesis of glycogen involves multiple proteins that associate with each other and the glycogen macromolecule. In efforts to understand the nature of these proteins, a two-hybrid screen was undertaken to detect proteins able to interact with Gsy2p, a major form of glycogen synthase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Two positives expressed proteins derived from genes designated PIG1 and PIG2, on chromosomes XIIR and IXL respectively. PIG1 codes for a protein with 38% identity over a 230 residue segment to Gac1p, a protein thought to be a type 1 protein phosphatase targeting subunit whose loss impairs glycogen synthesis. Pig2p has 30% identity to the protein corresponding to an open reading frame, YER054, on chromosome V. Deletion of PIG1 on its own had little effect on glycogen storage but, in combination with loss of GAC1, caused a more severe glycogen-deficient phenotype than seen in gac1 mutants. This result is consistent with Pig1p being functionally related to Gac1p and we propose that Pig1p may be a type 1 phosphatase regulatory subunit. Delection of PIG2, YER054, or both genes together caused no detectable change in glycogen metabolism under the conditions tested. Gac1p, Pig1p, Pig2p and the YER054p are the only four proteins coded by the yeast genome that share a conserved segment of ∼25 residues, designated the GVNK motif, that is identifiable also in RGI, the mammalian type 1 phosphatase targeting subunit. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    The Sequence of a 36·7 kb Segment on the Left Arm of Chromosome IV from Saccharomyces cerevisiae Reveals 20 Non-overlapping Open Reading Frames (ORFs) Including SIT4, FAD1, NAM1, RNA11, SIR2, NAT1, PRP9, ACT2 and MPS1 and 11 New ORFs (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 65-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: yeast ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; chromosome IV ; genomic sequencing ; SIT4/PPH1 ; FAD1 ; NAM1/MTF2 ; RNA11 ; SIR2/MAR1 ; NAT1/AAA1 ; PRP9 ; ACT2 ; MPS1/RPK1 ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A 36 688 bp fragment from the left arm of chromosome IV of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was sequenced. Sequence analysis identified 20 complete non-overlapping open reading frames (ORFs) of at least 100 amino acids. Nine of these correspond to previously identified and sequenced genes: SIT4/PPH1, FAD1, NAM1/MTF2, RNA11, SIR2/MAR1, NAT1/AAA1, PRP9, ACT2 and MPS1/RPK1. Three ORFs show homology to previously sequenced genes. One ORF exhibits a hypothetical yabO/yceC/yfiI family signature and one has the ATP-dependent helicase signature of the DEAD and DEAH box families. Six ORFs show no appreciable homology to any proteins in the database. One of these is identical to yeast expressed sequence tags and therefore corresponds to an expressed gene. In addition, two partial ORFs and 11 ORFs that are totally internal and are not likely to be functional were detected. The sequence has been submitted to the EMBL data library under Accession Number Z71781. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    The C-terminal Domain of Snf3p is Sufficient to Complement the Growth Defect of snf3 Null Mutations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: SNF3 Functions in Glucose Recognition (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 9-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces ; glucose transport ; SNF3 ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The SNF3 protein, Snf3p, of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was initially thought to be a high affinity glucose transporter required for efficient catabolism of low glucose concentrations. We now report evidence suggesting that Snf3p is a regulatory protein and not a catabolic transporter. The C-terminal domain of Snf3p is able to complement the growth defect on solid media of snf3 null mutants independent of attachment to the membrane-spanning domains. However, the C-terminal domain is unable to fully restore high affinity glucose transport to a snf3 null strain. Examination of deletions of the C-terminal domain of intact SNF3 demonstrates that this region is required for both the growth and transport functions of Snf3p. Loss of the SNF3 gene leads to a long-term adaptation phenotype for cells grown in liquid medium at low substrate concentrations in the presence of the respiratory inhibitor, antimycin A. The presence of the C-terminal domain shortens the time required for adaptation in a snf3 null strain. Thus, Snf3p appears to affect ability to adapt to low substrate conditions, but does not confer an absolute defect in uptake of substrate. Taken together, these data suggest that Snf3p is a regulatory protein likely functioning in the detection of glucose. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Analysis of a 35·6 kb Region on the Right Arm of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Chromosome XV (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 73-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: genome sequencing ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; chromosome XV ; ORFs ; predictable functions ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We report the sequence of a 35 600 bp fragment covering the PET123 region on the right arm of chromosome XV from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This region contains 19 possible open reading frames (ORFs) of which 16 are non-overlapping ORFs. Eight ORFs correspond to the SPP2, SMP3, RPB2, PDR5, NFI1, PUP1, PET123 and MTR10 loci, described previously. Two ORFs correspond to yeast homologues of genes from other organisms: O3530 is a member of the large ribosomal subunit protein L13 family and O3560 (SME1 gene) is a 94-codon ORF and is a homologue of the mammalian SmE spliceosomal core protein. Three ORFs (O3513, O3521, O3548) present significant similarities to proteins of unknown function and three ORFs (O3510, O3536, O3545) lack homology to sequences within the databases screened. The sequence has been deposited in the GenBank database under Accession Number U55020. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    The Genes Encoding the Transcription Factor yTAFII60, the G4p1 Protein and a Putative Glucose Transporter are Contained in a 12·3 kb DNA Fragment on the Left Arm of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Chromosome VII (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 85-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: genome sequencing ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; TAFII60 ; YB88 ; G4p1 ; glucose transport ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We report the nucleotide sequence of a DNA fragment of 12 325 base pairs from the left arm of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome VII. Inspection of the coding capacity revealed 11 open reading frames (ORFs) longer than 100 amino acids. Five ORFs are significantly homologous to known proteins. The region encoding ORF G2985 corresponds (100%) to the gene encoding the yeast TATA binding protein-associated factor TAFII60. The G3075 ORF is 47·8% identical to the hypothetical yeast protein YB88. G3080 shows 36·7% identity to the eel calmodulin. G3085 shows 94·9% identity with the published sequence of the quadruplex DNA binding protein G4p1. G3090 reveals 46·7% identity with the probable glucose transport protein yBR1625. The DNA sequence has been submitted to the EMBL data library under Accession Number X97644. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Multidrug-Resistant Transport Proteins in Yeast: Complete Inventory and Phylogenetic Characterization of Yeast Open Reading Frames within the Major Facilitator Superfamily (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 43-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: drug resistance ; transport ; yeast ; MFS ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Screening of the complete genome sequence from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae reveals that 28 open reading frames (ORFs) are homologous to each other and to established bacterial members of the drug-resistant subfamily of the major facilitator superfamily. The phylogenesis of these protein sequences shows that they fall into three major clusters. Cluster I contains 12 ORFs, cluster II contains ten ORFs and cluster III contains six ORFs. Hydropathy analyses indicate that in clusters II and III ORFs, 14 transmembrane spans are predicted whereas only 12 transmembrane spans are predicted in cluster I ORFs.Three ORFs that have known functions as multidrug-resistance pumps in other yeast species such as Schizosaccharomyces pombe (CAR1), Candida albicans (BMRP) or C. maltosa (CYHR), also fall into cluster I. Two S. cerevisiae ORFs of known multidrug-resistance function (ATR1, SGE1) fall into cluster II. Cluster III consists exclusively of ORFs of unknown function but binary sequence comparisons show homology to ORFs from cluster II.Analysis of the multiple alignment for these proteins leads to the identification of characteristic signature sequences for each of the three clusters. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Identification and Expression of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cytoplasmic Tryptophanyl-tRNA Synthetase Gene (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 37-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: HRE342 ; PCR ; tryptophan ; tRNA ; synthetase ; genome searching ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The enzymes that aminoacylate tRNAs have been studied extensively and can be organized into two distinct classes based on signature sequences and the position of aminoacylation. The class I enzymes have canonical HIGH and KMSKS sequences as part of a Rossman fold nucleotide-binding site. The tryptophan-specific enzymes have been placed in class I based on analysis of the cognate genes from Escherichia coli, B. stearothermophilus, B. taurus, and Homo sapiens. An unidentified open reading frame (ORF) on Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome XV, HRE342, has 46% identity with the bovine tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase and possesses the appropriate signature sequences. The predicted molecular weight of the putative HRE342 protein also closely matched the expected monomer size of the S. cerevisiae enzyme. The HRE342 ORF plus about 250 bp of 5′ and 3′ flanking sequence was amplified by polymerase chain reaction, cloned into a 2 μ based vector, and transformed into a host strain, S. cerevisiae JG369.3B. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the clone confirmed the presence of HRE342. Extracts from transformed yeast have a 30- to 100-fold increase in specific activity of the tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase. An HRE342 locus in a diploid strain, PTY33XPTY44, was disrupted with a LEU2 insert. Sporulation and tetrad analysis of the HRE342::LEU2 strain demonstrated that HRE342 is an essential gene. We conclude that HRE342 is the S. cerevisiae gene encoding the cytoplasmic tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase, WRS1. A search of the Saccharomyces Genome Database using amino acid sequences from other eukaryotic aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases suggests there is sufficient similarity to identify both class I and class II genes. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Galactose-inducible Expression Systems in Candida maltosa using Promoters of Newly-isolated GAL1 and GAL10 Genes (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 21-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: GAL genes ; expression vector ; cytochrome P-450 ; Candida maltosa ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The GAL1 and GAL10 gene cluster encoding the enzymes of galactose utilization was isolated from an asporogenic yeast, Candida maltosa. The structure of the gene cluster in which both genes were divergently transcribed from the central promoter region resembled those of some other yeasts. The expression of both genes was strongly induced by galactose and repressed by glucose in the medium. Galactose-inducible expression vectors in C. maltosa were constructed on low- and high-copy number plasmids using the promoter regions of both genes. With these vectors and the β-galactosidase gene from Kluyveromyces lactis as a reporter, galactose-inducible expression was confirmed. Homologous overexpression of members of the cytochrome P-450 gene family in C. maltosa was also successful by using a high-copy-number vector under the control of these promoters. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Characterization of the rad14-2 Mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Implications for the Recognition of UV Photoproducts by the Rad14 Protein (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 31-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: RAD14 ; nucleotide excision repair ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; damage recognition ; XPA homologue ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The RAD14 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is required for the incision step of the nucleotide excision repair process. The Rad14 protein can bind zinc, possesses a potential zinc finger DNA binding domain and has been shown to bind specifically to damaged DNA. Differences in UV sensitivity exist between a rad14 deletion strain and a putative rad14 point mutant, the point mutant being more resistant to UV than the deletion strain. Here, we confirm that the rad14 deletion strain repairs neither UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) nor endonuclease III-sensitive damage sites, whereas the point mutant cannot repair the former but can repair the latter. From this it can be inferred that the point mutant produces an altered protein product allowing recognition of endonuclease III sensitive sites but not CPDs. To investigate this, the rad14 mutant allele was sequenced. It contained two GC-AT transition mutations when compared to the wild-type RAD14 gene sequence. When the rad14 point mutant sequence is translated, alterations within the putative zinc finger binding domain are observed, with one of the cysteine residues of the zinc binding motif being replaced by tyrosine. This suggests that alterations within the zinc finger binding domain of the Rad14 protein cause changes to the damage recognition properties of the protein. The use of the Rad14 protein from the point mutant should assist in experiments investigating the in vitro binding properties of the Rad14 protein to different types of DNA damage. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    The Nucleotide Sequence of a 39 kb Segment of Yeast Chromosome IV: 12 New Open Reading Frames, Nine Known Genes and One Gene for Gly-tRNA (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 163-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: yeast ; genome project ; chromosome IV ; GDH ; SHR3 ; UGA4 ; NHP2 ; HEM3 ; MGT1 ; SHM1 ; ASF2 ; Gly-tRNA ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The complete nucleotide sequence of a 39 090 bp segment from the left arm of yeast chromosome IV was determined. Twenty-one open reading frames (ORFs) longer than 100 amino acids and a Gly-tRNA gene were discovered. Nine of the 21 ORFs (D0892, D1022, D1037, D1045, D1057, D1204, D1209, D1214, D1219) correspond to the previously sequenced Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes for the NAD-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), the secretory component (SHR3), the GABA transport protein (UGA4), the high mobility group-like protein (NHP2), the hydroxymethylbilane synthase (HEM3), the methylated DNA protein-cysteine S-methyltransferase (MGT1), a putative sugar transport protein, the Shm1 protein (SHM1) and the anti-silencing protein (ASF2). The inferred amino acid sequences of 11 ORFs show significant similarity with known proteins from various organisms, whereas the remaining ORF does not share any similarity with known proteins. The nucleotide sequence has been entered in the EMBL data Library under the Accession Number X99000.©1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 41
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    An 18·3 kb DNA Fragment from Yeast Chromosome VII Carries Four Unknown Open Reading Frames, the Gene for an Asn Synthetase, Remnants of Ty and Three tRNA Genes (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 171-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; chromosome VII ; MEP1 ; NUP57 ; PPT1 ; asparagine synthetase ; tRNA gene ; sigma ; delta ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: An 18·3 kb DNA segment from yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome VII encompasses the previously characterized MEP1, NUP57 and PPT1 genes as well as seven new open reading frames (ORFs) of at least 100 residues. G6358 is an ubiquitous glutamine-dependant asparagine synthase. G6362 is a membrane protein highly homologous to a protein of unknown function in the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Three ORFs (G6324, G6335 and G6365) have no significant homology with previously reported proteins or characteristic motifs. G6321 and G6359, enclosed in longer ORFs, are not likely to be coding. The segment also contains tRNA genes for Asn, Arg and Ile as well as a sigma element and two solo deltas. ORFs and genetic elements are named according to a preliminary working nomenclature. The sequence is recorded in GenBankTM/EMBL under Accession Number X83099.©1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    The Sequence of a Nearly Unclonable 22·8 kb Segment on the Left Arm of Chromosome VII from Saccharomyces cerevisiae Reveals ARO2, RPL9A, TIP1, MRF1, Genes and Six New Open Reading Frames (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 177-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: yeast ; genome sequencing ; chromosome VII ; long-range PCR ; clone instability ; ARO2 ; RPL9A ; TIP1 ; MRF1 ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The nucleotide sequence of 22 803 bp on the left arm of chromosome VII was determined by polymerase chain reaction-based approaches to compensate for the unstable character of cosmid clones from this region of the chromosome. The coding density of the sequence is particularly high (more than 83%). Twelve open reading frames (ORFs) longer than 300 bp were found, two of which (at the left side) have been described previously (James et al., 1995) after sequencing of an overlapping cosmid. Four other ORFs correspond to published sequences of the known genes ARO2, RPL9A, TIP1 and MRF1. ARO2 codes for chorismate synthetase, RPL9A for protein L9 of the large ribosomal subunit and MRF1 for a mitochondrial translation release factor. The TIP1 product interacts with Sec20p and is thus involved in transport from endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi. Five of the remaining ORFs have not been identified previously, while the sixth (YGL142c) has been partially sequenced as it lies 5′ upstream of MRF1. These six ORFs are relatively large (between 933 and 3657 nucleotides). YGL146c, YGL142c, YGL140c and YGL139w have no significant homology to any protein sequence presently available in the public databases, but show two, nine, nine and eight putative transmembrane spans, respectively. YGL144c has a serine active site signature of lipases. YGL141w has limited homology to several human proteins, one of which mediates complex formation between papillomavirus E6 oncoprotein and tumor suppressor protein p53. The sequence reported in this paper has been deposited in the EMBL DNA data library under Accession Number X99960.©1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    The Fate of Glucose in Strains S288C and S173-6B of the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 119-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; glycolysis ; metabolism ; glucose ; trehalose ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Intracellular metabolic flux has been investigated in two strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae grown into stationary phase under both glucose-repressed and glucose-derepressed conditions. By employing a variety of simple methodologies (manometry, enzymatic analysis and colorimetric analysis) we have been able to identify and quantitate carbon flow from glucose without the need for isotopically labelled substrate. We can account for 88-98% (depending on strain and growth conditions) of the carbon products of glucose metabolism under both glycolytic and oxidative conditions as ethanol (27-40%), carbon dioxide (15-26%), acetate (2-3%), glycerol (5-11%), glycogen (5-13%) and trehalose (9-39%).©1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 44
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    Determination of the Relative Ploidy in Different Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strains used for Fermentation and ‘Flor’ Film Ageing of Dry Sherry-type Wines (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 101-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; relative ploidy ; chromosomes ; aneuploidy ; flor yeast ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The full chromosomal karyotype of six enological Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains used for fermentation and biological ageing of sherry-type wines was studied. A genetic method based on the analysis of segregation frequencies of auxotrophic markers, among random spore progeny of hybrids, constructed between laboratory and industrial wine strains (Bakalinsky and Snow, 1990) was used. This method was combined with the analysis of strains by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The results obtained clearly indicate the presence of two, three or four copies of a chromosome in the industrial strains examined, and thus confirm that aneuploidy/polyploidy is not uncommon in these strains. In all strains examined, chromosome XIII polysomy is observed. This chromosome contains the ADH2 and ADH3 loci, that code for the ADHII and ADHIII isoenzymes of alcohol dehydrogenase, which are involved in ethanol oxidative utilization during biological ageing of wines. Tetrad analysis for the ‘flor formation’ character suggests two possibilities: this character is either regulated by at least a digenic system, or by only one gene present on a chromosome which is, at least, disomic.© 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    The Sequence of 32 kb on the Left Arm of Yeast Chromosome XII Reveals Six Known Genes, a New Member of the Seripauperins Family and a New ABC Transporter Homologous to the Human Multidrug Resistance Protein (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 183-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; chromosome XII ; sequencing ; DPS1/APS ; HSP104 ; KNS1 ; SDC25 ; SPA2 ; SSA2 ; leucine zipper ; ABC transporter ; multidrug resistance ; metal resistance ; YCF1 ; hMRP1 ; Pumilio ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The analysis of a 32 kb DNA fragment from cosmid 2G12 on the left arm of chromosome XII identifies 14 open reading frames (ORFs) numbered L0948 to L1325, a new tRNA for proline, a delta remnant and two putative ARS. Six ORFs have been previously identified: HSP104, SSA2, SPA2, KNS1, DPS1/APS and SDC25. Three putative ORFs have significant homology with known proteins: L0968 is a new member of the very large ‘seripauperins’ family, comprising at least 20 yeast members; L1313 is a new ABC transporter highly homologous to the yeast cadmium resistance protein Ycf1p and to the human multidrug resistance protein hMRP1; the C-terminal part of L1325 present in our sequence is very homologous to the fruit fly abdominal segment formation protein Pumilio. Finally, two ORFs, L1201 and L1205, have weak homology with two yeast hypothetical proteins of unknown function identified by the yeast systematic sequencing genome.Since our nucleotide sequence overlaps by 11·6 kb the cosmid 2B18 sequenced by Miosga and Zimmerman (1996) on the right end, we have not reported here the analysis of the ORFs L1313, L1321 and L1325. The complete nucleotide sequence of 32,088 bp and the deduced ORFs were submitted to the EMBL database under Accession Number X97560.© 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Expression of the SUC2 Gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is Induced by Low Levels of Glucose (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 127-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: glucose ; induction ; invertase ; SUC2 ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: High levels of glucose repress expression of the SUC2 gene in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We have discovered that low levels of glucose are required for maximal transcription of SUC2: SUC2 expression is induced about five- to ten-fold in cells growing on low levels of glucose (0.1%) compared to cells growing on galactose or glycerol. Two pieces of evidence suggest that this low-glucose-induced expression is mediated by a repression mechanism that involves an upstream repression site in the SUC2 promoter (URSSUC2). First, deletion of the URSSUC2 results in expression of the SUC2 gene in the absence of glucose, and second the URSSUC2 mediates a six-fold repression of a reporter gene when inserted into a heterologous promoter. However, this URSSUC2-mediated repression occurs on all tested carbon sources, suggesting that this URS element acts in concert with all other promoter elements to respond to low concentrations of glucose. This repression requires the general repressor Ssn6p. SNF3, which encodes a glucose transporter that appears to be a sensor of low levels of glucose, is also required for low-glucose-induced expression of SUC2.©1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    The Essential Schizosaccharomyces pombe gpi1+ Gene Complements a Bakers' Yeast GPI Anchoring Mutant and is Required for Efficient Cell Separation (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 139-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Schizosaccharomyces pombe ; fission yeast ; glycosyl phosphatidylinositol anchors ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The Schizosaccharomyces pombe gpi1+ gene was cloned by complementation of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae gpi1 mutant, which has temperature-sensitive defects in growth and glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI) membrane anchoring of protein, and which is defective in vitro in the first step in GPI anchor assembly, the formation of N-acetylglucosaminyl phosphatidylinositol (GlcNAc-PI). S. pombe gpi1+ encodes a protein with 29% identity to amino acids 87-609 of the S. cerevisiae protein, and is the functional homolog of the S. cerevisiae Gpi1 protein, for it restores [3H]inositol-labelling of protein and in vitro GlcNAc-PI synthetic activity to both S. cerevisiae gpi1 and gpi1::URA3 cells. Disruption of gpi1+ is lethal. Haploid Δgpi1+::his7+ spores germinate, but proceed through no more than three rounds of cell division, many cells ceasing growth as binucleate, septate cells with thickened septa. These results indicate that GPI synthesis is an essential function in fission yeast, and suggest that GPI anchoring is also required for completion of cytokinesis. The nucleotide sequence reported will appear in the GenBank Nucleotide Sequence database under the Accession Number U77355.©1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Histone H1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 151-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: histone H1 ; nuclear localization ; green fluorescence protein ; yeast ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The existence of histone H1 in the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has long been debated. In this report we describe the presence of histone H1 in yeast. YPL127c, a gene encoding a protein with a high degree of similarity to histone H1 from other species was sequenced as part of the contribution of the Montreal Yeast Genome Sequencing Group to chromosome XVI. To reflect this similarity, the gene designation has been changed to HHO1 (Histone H One). The HHO1 gene is highly expressed as poly A+ RNA in yeast. Although deletion of this gene had no detectable effect on cell growth, viability or mating, it significantly altered the expression of β-galactosidase from a CYC1-lacZ reporter. Fluorescence observed in cells expressing a histone H1-GFP protein fusion indicated that histone H1 is localized to the nucleus.©1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Sequence Analysis of a 37·6 kbp Cosmid Clone from the Right Arm of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Chromosome XII, Carrying YAP3, HOG1, SNR6, tRNA-Arg3 and 23 New Open Reading Frames, Among Which Several Homologies to Proteins Involved in Cell Division Control and to Mammalian Growth Factors and other Animal Proteins are Found (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 241-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: yeast ; genome sequencing ; chromosome XII ; SNR6 ; YAP3 ; HOG1 ; ZFM1 ; FLO1 ; Arg-tRNA ; flocculation ; TPR motif ; crn ; cell cycle control ; transcriptional factor ; pseudogene ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The nucleotide sequence of 37 639 bp of the right arm of chromosome XII has been determined. Twenty-five open reading frames (ORFs) longer than 300 bp were detected, two of which extend into the flanking cosmids. Only two (L2931 and L2961) of the 25 ORFs correspond to previously sequenced genes (HOG1 and YAP3, respectively). Another ORF is distinct from YAP3 but shows pronounced similarity to it. About half of the remaining ORFs show similarity to other genes or display characteristic protein signatures. In particular, ORF L2952 has striking homology with the probable cell cycle control protein crn of Drosophila melanogaster. L2949 has significant similarity to the human ZFM1 (related to a potential suppressor oncogene) and mouse CW17R genes, though it lacks the carboxy-terminal oligoproline and oligoglutamine stretches encoded by these mammalian genes. The small ORF L2922 is similar to part of the much larger yeast flocculation gene FLO1. Other sequences found in the 37 639 bp fragment are one delta and one solo-sigma element, the tRNA-Arg3 gene, the small nuclear RNA gene SNR6 and three ARS consensus sequences. The nucleotide sequence data reported in this paper are available in the EMBL, GenBank and DDBJ Nucleotide Sequence Databases under the Accession Number X89514. ©1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Completion of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Genome Sequence Allows Identification of KTR5, KTR6 and KTR7 and Definition of the Nine-Membered KRE2/MNT1 Mannosyltransferase Gene Family in this Organism (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 267-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: mannosyltransferase ; gene family ; protein glycosylation ; cell wall ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The KRE2/MNT1 mannosyltransferase gene family of Saccharomyces cerevisiae currently consists of the KRE2, YUR1, KTR1, KTR2, KTR3 and KTR4 genes. All six encode putative type II membrane proteins with a short cytoplasmic N-terminus, a membrane-spanning region and a highly conserved catalytic lumenal domain. Here we report the identification of the three remaining members of this family in the yeast genome. KTR5 corresponds to an open reading frame (ORF) of the left arm of chromosome XIV, and KTR6 and KTR7 to ORFs on the left arms of chromosomes XVI and IX respectively. The KTR5, KTR6 and KTR7 gene products are highly similar to the Kre2p/Mnt1p family members. Initial functional characterization revealed that some mutant yeast strains containing null copies of these genes displayed cell wall phenotypes. None was K1 killer toxin resistant but ktr6 and ktr7 null mutants were found to be hypersensitive and resistant, respectively, to the drug Calcofluor White. The sequences have been deposited in the GenBank data library under Accession Numbers Z71305; U39205; Z46728.©1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    The DNA Sequence of Cosmid 14-13b from Chromosome XIV of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Reveals an Unusually High Number of Overlapping Open Reading Frames (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 261-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: yeast ; chromosome XIV ; genome sequencing ; OMP1 ; PSU1 ; MLS1 ; RPC19 ; DBP2 ; CYB5 ; ESBP6 ; H8263 ; AF-9 ; ENL ; TFIIF ; TBF1 ; YHR117w ; YKL221w ; YHR115c ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: This work is part of the effort for sequencing chromosome XIV of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cosmid 14-13b contains a 37·8 kb insert derived from a partial Sau3A digestion of the genome, cloned into the BamHI site of the vector Pou6. The strategy used for sequencing is based on the fragmentation of the whole cosmid by sonication, followed by shotgun sequencing on an Applied Biosystem DNA sequencer. The clones with inserts corresponding to the vector were identified by dot-blot hybridization, without the need of sequencing. The analysis of the DNA sequence reveals 29 open reading frames (ORFs) longer than 300 bases. Nine ORFs are internal to some other ORFs. Similarity searches against DNA and protein data banks show that six ORFs correspond to already known yeast genes (OMP1, PSU1, MLS1, RPC19, DBP2, CYB5) and one ORF matches the sequence of a putative yeast gene (ESBP6). The cosmid sequence has been submitted to the EMBL data bank under Accession Number Z69382.©1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Sequence Analysis of a Near-subtelomeric 35·4 kb DNA Segment on the Right Arm of Chromosome VII from Saccharomyces cerevisiae Carrying the MAL1 Locus Reveals 15 Complete Open Reading Frames, Including ZUO1, BGL2 and BIO2 Genes and an ABC Transporter Gene (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 251-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: yeast ; genome sequencing ; chromosome VII ; multiple drug resistance ; oligomycin resistance ; maltose fermentation ; maltase ; α-glucosidase ; MAL1 ; ZUO1 ; BGL2 ; BIO2 ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The nucleotide sequence of 35 400 bp at approximately 10 kb from the right telomere of chromosome VII was determined. The segment contains the MAL1 locus, one of the five unlinked loci sufficient for maltose utilization. Until now, each of these loci was considered to contain three genes (for regulator, permease and α-glucosidase), but a fourth gene, presumably an extra α-glucosidase gene, was found at MAL1 adjacent to the usual cluster of three genes. The two glucosidase genes are present in opposite orientation, forming an inverted repeat structure. In addition to the four genes at MAL1, there are 11 complete, non-overlapping open reading frames (ORFs) longer than 300 bp in the sequence presented here. A new ABC transporter gene (YGR281w), required for oligomycin resistance was found (YOR1; Katzman et al., 1995), and the previously sequenced BGL2 (YGR282c), ZUO1 (YGR285c) and BIO2 (YGR286c) genes were located. The sequence of BIO2, a biotin synthetase gene, required substantial correction and the size of Bio2p is 375, rather than 356, amino acids. Two ORFs show rather weak similarities to animal genes: YGR278w to an unknown ORF of Caenorhabditis elegans and YGR284c to the murine Surf-4, a member of a cluster of at least four housekeeping genes. The remaining five ORFs do not encode known functions, but three of these show weak to high similarities to other ORFs in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome and one (YGR280c) codes for a particularly lysine-rich protein. The nucleotide sequence has been deposited in the EMBL DNA data library under Accession Number X94332. ©1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Sequencing of a 9·9 kb Segment on the Right Arm of Yeast Chromosome VII Reveals Four Open Reading Frames, including PFK1, the Gene Coding for Succinyl-CoA Synthetase (β-chain) and Two ORFs Sharing Homology with ORFs of the Yeast Chromosome VIII (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 275-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; chromosome VII ; chromosome VIII ; PFK1 ; O44 protein ; β-SCS ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A 9·9 kb DNA fragment from the right arm of chromosome VII of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been sequenced and analysed. The sequence contains four open reading frames (ORFs) longer than 100 amino acids. One gene, PFK1, has already been cloned and sequenced and the other one is the probable yeast gene coding for the β-subunit of the succinyl-CoA synthetase. The two remaining ORFs share homology with the deduced amino acid sequence (and their physical arrangement is similar to that) of the YHR161c and YHR162w ORFs from chromosome VIII. The sequence is in the EMBL data library under Accession Numbers Z73024, Z73025, Z73026, Z73028 and Z73029.©1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Analysis of the DNA Sequence of a 34 038 bp Region on the Left Arm of Yeast Chromosome XV (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 281-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; chromosome XV ; RPLA2 ; PRE6 ; MSE1 ; IFM1 ; DIS3 ; SCM2 ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We report the DNA sequence of a 34 038 bp segment of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome XV. Subsequent analysis revealed 20 open reading frames (ORFs) longer than 300 bp and two tRNA genes. Five ORFs correspond to genes previously identified in S. cerevisiae, including RPLA2, PRE6, MSE1, IFM1 and SCM2 (TAT2, TAP2, LTG3). Two putative proteins share considerable homology with other proteins in the current data libraries. ORF O2145 shows 41·2% identity with the glycophospholipid-anchored surface glycoprotein Gas1p of S. cerevisiae and ORF O2197 has 53·2% identity to chromosome segregation protein Dis3p of Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Accession Numbers for these sequences are provided in Table 1.©1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Analysis of an 11·6 kb Region from the Right Arm of Chromosome VII of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Between the RAD2 and the MES1 Genes Reveals the Presence of Three New Genes (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 287-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; chromosome VII ; RAD2 ; YKS5 ; MES1 ; protein kinase ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Sequence analysis of an 11 628 bp DNA segment from the right arm of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome VII revealed the presence of the 5′ end of the RAD2 gene, the MES1 gene and six open reading frames (ORFs) each longer than 300 bp. Four of these ORFs are expressed genes, as indicated by transcript analysis. One of them, YGR261c, which specifies a putative β-adaptine, corresponds to gene YKS5, which has recently been identified as a suppressor of loss of casein kinase 1 function. The remaining three ORFs are new genes; of these, YGR260w encodes a protein showing similarity to the S. cerevisiae allantoate permease and YGR262c specifies a putative protein kinase. The sequence has been deposited in the EMBL data library under Accession Number Y07777. ©1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Properties and Heterologous Expression of the Glucose Transporter GHT1 from Schizosaccharomyces pombe (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 215-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: glucose transporter gene ; heterologous expression ; substrate accumulation ; transport energization ; Schizosaccharomyces pombe ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Genomic DNA of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe glucose transporter, GHT1, was obtained by complementation of the glucose transport deficient Sz. pombe strain YGS-5. Here we describe the GHT1 gene that encodes a protein of 565 amino acids with a corresponding molecular mass of 62·5 kDa. This eukaryotic glucose transporter contains 12 putative transmembrane segments and is homologous to the HXT multigene family of S. cerevisiae with several amino acid motifs of this sugar transporter family. It is also homologous to other sugar carriers from human, mouse and Escherichia coli. The function of the Ght1 protein as a glucose transporter was proved both by homologous and heterologous expression in the Sz. pombe mutant YGS-5 and in the S. cerevisiae hxt mutant RE700A, respectively. Both transformed yeast strains transported d-glucose with substrate specificity similar to that in Sz. pombe wild-type cells. Moreover, the cells of the two transformed yeast strains accumulated 2-deoxy-d-glucose, a non-metabolizable d-glucose analogue, with an efficiency similar to Sz. pombe wild-type cells. The ability of the S. cerevisiae mutant RE700A to accumulate 2DG in an ΔμH+dependent manner after transformation with GHT1 provides evidence that the Sz. pombe transporter catalyses an energy-dependent uptake of glucose. The sequence of GHT1 was deposited at EMBL, Outstation EBI, Accession Number X91218. ©1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Multiple Copies of PBS2, MHP1 or LRE1 Produce Glucanase Resistance and Other Cell Wall Effects in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 199-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: PBS2 ; MHP1 ; LRE1 ; cell wall glucan ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Five sequences were isolated by selection for multiple copy plasmids that conferred resistance to laminarinase, an enzyme that specifically degrades cell wall β(1-3) glucan linkages. Strains carrying three of these plasmids showed alterations in cell wall glucan labelling. One of these plasmids carried PBS2, a previously identified, non-essential gene which produces a variety of phenotypes and encodes a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase analogue (Boguslawski and Polazzi, 1987). Cells carrying PBS2 at multiple copy show a small decrease in cell wall β(1-6) glucans. Measurements of β(1-3) glucan synthase activity in multi-copy PBS2 cells showed an approximate 30-45% increase in enzyme specific activity while a pbs2Δ disruption strain showed a decrease in glucan synthase activity of approximately 45% relative to control. A pbs2Δ disruption strain was laminarinase super-sensitive and super-sensitive to K1 killer toxin while a strain carrying PBS2 at multiple copy was resistant to killer toxin. A second plasmid carried a portion of the MHP1 gene which has been reported to encode a microtubule-interacting protein (Irminger-Finger et al., 1996). The MHP1 gene product is a predicted 1398 amino acid protein and only approximately 80% of the amino portion of this protein is required for laminarinase resistance. Cells carrying the amino portion of MHP1 at multiple copy show a decrease in high molecular weight cell wall β(1-6) glucans and were killer toxin resistant while a disruption strain was viable and killer toxin super-sensitive. Cells carrying this plasmid showed decreased levels of high molecular weight β(1-6) glucans and increased glucan synthase activity. The laminarinase resistance conferred by the third plasmid mapped to the previously uncharacterized YCL051W open reading frame and this gene was therefore named LRE1 (laminarinase resistance). The LRE1 gene encodes a non-essential 604 amino acid hydrophilic protein. Unexpectedly, cells carrying LRE1 at multiple copy show no alteration in cell wall glucans or glucan synthase activity. Subcloning experiments demonstrated that the production of these cell wall effects requires the presence of both LRE1 and YCL052C (PBN1), a second open reading frame present on the original plasmid. Cells carrying multiple copies of PBN1 alone show no significant alterations in cell wall glucans or glucan synthase activity, indicating that these effects require the presence of multiple copies of both genes.©1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Predacious Yeasts (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 225-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: yeast ; predation ; auxotrophy ; sulphate uptake ; haustorium ; necrotrophic mycoparasitism ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Haustorium-mediated predation was observed in seven yeast species. Arthroascus javanensis, Botryoascus synnaedendrus, Guilliermondella selenospora, Saccharomycopsis fibuligera, and three hitherto unknown species penetrate and kill other yeasts. These yeasts share an unusual requirement for organic sulphur. One isolate recovered from Australian Hibiscus was studied in detail and found to attack a broad range of prey species, including ascomycetous and basidiomycetous yeasts as well as moulds. Predation was most effective when growth was on a solid surface and the medium was poor in complex nutrients. Organic sulphur (exemplified by methionine) was identified as a key factor. It serves as a nutritional benefit to the predator and, depending on the concentration, acts as either an inhibitor of predation or possibly a signal for detection of prey. Sampling of a yeast habitat with a medium selective for selenium-resistant yeasts indicated that auxotrophic and predacious yeasts might be more widespread than anticipated.©1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Rapid Amplification of Uncharacterized Transposon-tagged DNA Sequences from Genomic DNA (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 233-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: PCR ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; transposon ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Although the entire DNA sequence of the yeast genome has been determined, the functions of nearly a third of the identified genes are unknown. Recently, we described a collection of mutants, each with a transposon-tagged disruption in an essential gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Identification of these essential genes and characterization of their mutant phenotypes should help assign functions to these thousands of novel genes, and since each mutation in our collection is physically marked by the uniform, unique DNA sequence of the transposable element, it should be possible to use the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify the DNA adjacent to the transposon. However, existing PCR methods include steps that make their use on a large scale cumbersome. In this report, we describe a semi-random, two-step PCR protocol, ST-PCR. This method is simpler and more specific than current methods, requiring only genomic DNA and two pairs of PCR primers, and involving two successive PCR reactions. Using this method, we have rapidly and easily identified the essential genes identified by several of our mutants. ©1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    The Sequence of a 8 kb Segment on the Right Arm of Yeast Chromosome VII Identifies Four New Open Reading Frames and the Gene For yTAFII145 (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 365-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; chromosome VII ; yTAFII145 gene ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We report the sequence of a 8061 bp fragment of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome VII. Five open reading frames (ORFs) of at least 100 amino acids were identified. Three show similarities to the amino-acid sequence of known gene products. ORF G9374 corresponds to the gene coding for the yTAFII145 protein: a TBP-associated factor whose amino-acid sequence was previously reported (Reese et al., 1994). The remaining ORF does not display similarities to known sequences. The complete nucleotide sequence was submitted to the EMBL database (Accession Number X84098). © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    DNA Sequence Analysis of a 23 002 bp DNA Fragment of the Right Arm of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Chromosome VII (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 357-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; yeast genome ; genome sequencing ; chromosome VII ; QCR9 ; UBR1 ; TYS1 ; TFG1 ; HGH1 ; BUB1 ; tRNALeu3 ; tRNATrp ; tRNALys1 ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We report the sequence of a 23 002 bp fragment located on the right arm of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome VII. Analysis of this region revealed 14 complete open reading frames (ORFs) with more than 300 base pairs. Six of them correspond to previously known genes. G7164 is the QCR9 gene coding for subunit 9 of the cytochrome c reductase; G7168 is UBR1, encoding an ubiquitin protein ligase; G7522 is the TYS1 gene, which encodes for the tyrosyl tRNA synthetase; G7526 is TFG1, the gene coding for the RNA polymerase transcription initiation factor TFIIF (factor G); G7538 is the gene HGH1 which encodes a protein related to the mammalian HMG1 and HMG2 proteins. G7542 is the BUB1 gene which encodes a ser/thr protein kinase involved in spindle assembly during the cell cycle. One of the ORFs, G7553, shares significant homologies with the gene UTR2 from S. cerevisiae. None of the seven remaining ORFs shows similarity to any of the sequences within the public databases. Three ORFs are internal ORFs of the above-described known genes, and two small ORFs are completely contained in larger ORFs on the complementary strand, and therefore probably do not correspond to real genes. This region also contains three genes specifying tRNAs for Leu, Lys and Trp, and several LTR elements. The sequence described in this paper has been deposited in the EMBL data library under the Accession Number X99074. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Sequence Analysis of a 10·5 kb DNA Fragment from the Yeast Chromosome VII Reveals the Presence of Three New Open Reading Frames and of a tRNAThr Gene (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 369-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; chromosome VII ; genome sequencing ; GCN5 ; ENO1 ; PUP2 ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We report the sequence analysis of a 10 531 bp DNA fragment of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome VII. This sequence contains five complete open reading frames (ORFs) potentially encoding proteins longer than 100 amino acids and an incomplete ORF coding for the 3′ part of the GCN5 gene (Georgakopoulos and Thireos, 1992). ORFs G9160 and G9155 correspond to the genes ENO1 (Holland et al., 1981) and PUP2 (Gergatsou et al., 1992) respectively. ORF G9165 codes for a protein which shares significant homology with known proteins present in databases (see below). The translated sequence of ORF G9170 shows 88% identity to the 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase encoded by the gene 6PGD from S. cerevisiae present in the SwissProt data library (P38720). This indicates that G9170 might code for a second 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. ORF G9175 codes for a putative new member of the mitochondrial carrier family. A hypothetical tRNAThr (TGT) is also present in position 6842-6913. The complete sequence has been entered in the EMBL data library under Accession Number U00028. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Analysis of a 17·9 kb Region from Saccharomyces cerevisiae Chromosome VII Reveals the Presence of Eight Open Reading Frames, Including BRF1 (TFIIIB70) and GCN5 Genes (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 373-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; chromosome VII ; BRF1 ; MGA1 ; SOL1 ; GCN5 ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We report the nucleotide sequence of a 17 898 bp DNA segment from the right arm of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome VII. This fragment begins at 482 kb from the centromere. The sequence includes the BRF1 gene, encoding TFIIIB70, the 5′ portion of the GCN5 gene, an open reading frame (ORF) previously identified as ORF MGA1, whose translation product shows similarity to heat-shock transcription factors and five new ORFs. Among these, YGR250 encodes a polypeptide that harbours a domain present in several polyA binding proteins, YGR245 is similar to a putative Schizosaccharomyces pombe gene, YGR248 shows significant similarity with three ORFs of S. cerevisiae situated on different chromosomes, while the remaining two ORFs, YGR247 and YGR251, do not show significant similarity to sequences present in databases. This sequence has been submitted to the EMBL data library under Accession Number Y07703. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Construction of a Yeast Strain Deleted for the TRP1 Promoter and Coding Region that Enhances the Efficiency of the Polymerase Chain Reaction-Disruption Method (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 353-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: TRP1 ; one-step deletion method ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The sequence of the genome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was recently determined. As well as all the information concerning the structure of the chromosomes the scientific community had to deal with the discovery of dozens of new open reading frames (ORFs) of unknown function. The study of these ORFs requires the development of simple procedures that can be used on a large scale. In the framework of a European Pilot Project we have described a new approach for deleting ORFs. This method is based on transformation with a polymerase chain reaction product but is limited by the use of a strain deleted for the auxotropic marker. We present here the construction of a new recipient strain that lacks the TRP1 region and that allows a high efficiency of gene deletion. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Serine Palmitoyltransferase (scs1/lcb2) Mutants have Elevated Copy Number of the L-A dsRNA Virus (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 299-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; killer system ; double-stranded RNA ; protein modification ; sphingolipid ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The microsomal fraction isolated from serine palmitoyltransferase (lcb2/scs1) mutants is enriched in a 90 kDa protein. The protein was identified as the major coat (Gag) protein of the L-A dsRNA virus particles by partial sequencing and by its interaction with anti-Gag antibodies. The total amount of Gag in whole-cell lysates of scs1/lcb2 mutant cells is greater than in wild-type lystes indicating that the enrichment of the protein in the microsomal fraction of scs1/lcb2 mutant cells may result from increased copy number of the L-A dsRNA virus. This is supported by the finding that the mutants also have increased levels of L-A dsRNA. Altered sphingolipid synthesis in the scs1 mutant cells appears to increase the copy number of the L-A viral particles. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    The Sequence of a 54·7 kb Fragment of Yeast Chromosome XV Reveals the Presence of Two tRNAs and 24 New Open Reading Frames (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 379-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: genomic sequencing ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; tRNALys ; tRNAPro ; SIS2 ; MLP1 ; allantoin permease ; HBS1 ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A 54 719 bp fragment from the right arm of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome XV has been sequenced from the inserts of two cosmids (pEOA213 and pEOA217). The computer analysis of this sequence has revealed the presence of eight known genes (CKA2, CYC1, ALG8, TCM1, TMP1, UFE1, RTS2 and ASE1) and four open reading frames (ORFs) with strong homologies with known yeast genes (MLP1, SIS2 and HBS1 and the allantoin permease). The characteristics of the other ORFs and of the corresponding proteins do not allow postulation of a precise function. Several have features reminiscent of cytoskeleton or motor elements (keratin-like, myosin-like) and several others have characteristics of proteins which interact with DNA (extremely basic, b-Zip structure and/or acidic domains). Two tRNAs (tRNALys and tRNAPro) have also been identified on this fragment. Many of these ORFs present similarities with ORFs located on chromosome XI, indicating some information reshuffling between the two chromosomal fragments. The sequence has been deposited in the EMBL library data bank under Accession Number Z70678. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cell Lysis Mutations cly5 and cly7 Define Temperature-Sensitive Alleles of PKC1, the Gene Encoding Yeast Protein Kinase C (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 305-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; cell lysis ; PKC1 ; protein kinase ; cell wall ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A set of temperature-sensitive Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants designated cly (for cell lysis) 1-8 because the cells lyse at high temperature was isolated in a large screen for yeast temperature-sensitive mutations (Hartwell, 1967). Here we report the isolation of two plasmids, containing inserts that complement both the cly5 and cly7 mutations. DNA sequencing revealed that both of these inserts contain the gene encoding yeast protein kinase C (PKC1) (Levin et al., 1990). Sequencing of the mutant alleles revealed that cly5 and cly7 contain distinct mutations separated by 194 base pairs. Consistent with this, the cly5 and cly7 ts alleles do not complement each other, and they are genetically linked to PKC1 and to each other. Like other temperature-sensitive pkc1 alleles, the temperature-sensitive phenotype is eliminated by growth in high osmotic strength media (Levin and Bartlett-Heubusch, 1992). © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Identification of Gene encoding a Putative RNA-Helicase, Homologous to SKI2, in Chromosome VII of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 391-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: chromosome VII ; pEGH101 ; G9365 ; SKI2 gene ; RNA-helicases ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We have determined the nucleotide sequence of a segment of chromosome VII of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae contained in the cosmid clone pEGH101 for a total of 7 kbp. This sequence contains a large open reading frame (ORF) called G9365, coding for a protein of 1967 amino acids that shows a significant homology with the product of the SKI2 gene of S. cerevisiae and contains domains characteristic of RNA-helicases. The ORF is transcribed in vegetative cells but it is not essential for viability as demonstrated by gene disruption. The sequence has been deposited in the GenBank data library under Accession Number U35242. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Analysis of the Structure of a Natural Alternating d(TA)n Sequence in Yeast Chromatin (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 313-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: TA tract ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; chromatin ; cruciform ; destabilized site ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We address here the question of the in vivo structure of a natural alternating d(TA)n sequence found at the 3′ region of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae FBP1 gene. This sequence consists of 13 TA pairs interrupted by a TT dinucleotide in the middle of the tract. Previous experiments with cruciform-specific nucleases S1 and Endonuclease VII demonstrated the presence in vitro of a cruciform in this region. We also showed this region to be part of a nuclease hypersensitive site flanked by nucleosomes in yeast chromatin. Here we demonstrate, by means of S1 in vivo footprinting, that in yeast plasmids also adopts in vivo a non B-DNA structure which is not a cruciform. A theoretical analysis of this region shows that it contains a site susceptible to superhelical stress duplex destabilization. The locations and conditions under which alternative structures form in the wild-type sequence and in deletion mutants agree with these theoretical predictions, suggesting that some kind of denaturation is the alternative structure adopted by the sequence in vivo. This suggests that negative superhelical stress sufficient for local denaturation exists in nucleosomal DNA. We also demonstrate by micrococcal nuclease digestions that the deletion of the alternating d(TA)n sequence modifies the chromatin hypersensitive site but does not affect nucleosome positioning. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Cloning and Expression of Two Chitin Deacetylase Genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 327-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: chitin deacetylase ; chitinase ; chitin ; CDA1 gene ; CDA2 gene ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Chitin deacetylase (EC 3.5.1.41), which hydrolyses the N-acetamido groups of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine residues in chitin, has been demonstrated in crude extracts from sporulating Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Two S. cerevisiae open reading frames (ORFs), identified by the Yeast Genome Project, have protein sequence homology to a chitin deacetylase from Mucor rouxii. Northern blot hybridizations show each ORF was transcribed in diploid cells after transfer to sporulation medium and prior to formation of asci. Each ORF was cloned in a vector under transcriptional control of the GAL 1, 10 promoter and introduced back into haploid strains of S. cerevisiae. Chitin deacetylase activity was detected by in vitro assays from vegetative cells grown in galactose. Chemical analysis of these cells also demonstrated the synthesis of chitosam in vivo. Both recombinant chitin deacetylases showed similar qualitative and quantitative activities toward chitooligosaccharides in vitro. A diploid strain deleted of both ORFs, when sporulated, did not show deacetylase activity. The mutant spores were hypersensitive to lytic enzymes (Glusulase or Zymolyase). © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 71
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    Enhancement of Protein Secretion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by Overproduction of Sso Protein, a Late-acting Component of the Secretory Machinery (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 337-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; yeast syntaxins ; heterologous protein production ; enhanced secretion ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Increased production of secreted proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was achieved by overexpressing the yeast syntaxins, Sso1 or Sso2 protein, the t-SNAREs functioning at the targeting/fusion of the Golgi-derived secretory vesicles to the plasma membrane. Up to four- or six-fold yields of a heterologous secreted protein, Bacillus α-amylase, or an endogenous secreted protein, invertase, were obtained respectively when expressing either one of the SSO genes, SSO1 or SSO2, from the ADH1 promoter on a multicopy plasmid. Direct correlation between the Sso protein level and the amount of secreted α-amylase was demonstrated by modulating the expression level of the SSO2 gene. Quantitation of the α-amylase activity in the culture medium, periplasmic space and cytoplasm suggests that secretion into the periplasmic space is the primary stage at which the SSO genes exert the secretion-enhancing function. Pulse-chase data also support enhanced secretion efficiency obtained by SSO overexpression. Our data suggest that the Sso proteins may be rate-limiting components of the protein secretion machinery at the exocytosis step in yeast. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 72
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    Isolation of a Schizosaccharomyces pombe Gene Which in High Copy Confers Resistance to the Nucleoside Analogue 5-Azacytidine (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 463-474 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Schizosaccharomyces pombe ; 5-azacytidine resistance ; DNA repair ; cell cycle ; checkpoint ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Treatment of Schizosaccharomyces pombe with the C5 DNA methyltransferase (C5Mtase) inhibitor 5-azacytidine (5-azaC) has previously been shown to induce G2 checkpoint-dependent cell cycle arrest. S. pombe strains defective in both the checkpoint control pathways and in DNA repair processes are sensitive to 5-azaC. Here we describe the isolation of azr1as a multi-copy suppressor of the 5-azaC sensitivity of G2 checkpoint and DNA repair-deficient strains. azr1+ encodes a putative 25 kDa protein with limited homology to a Saccharomyces cerevisiae open reading frame of unknown function. The azr1+ gene is not essential and the null mutant shows no alteration in either DNA repair or checkpoint properties. We also report the sequence of the putative fission yeast cytidine deaminase gene, designated pcd1+, which lies immediately adjacent to azr1+ but which plays only a moderate role in suppression of 5-azaC sensitivity. These data have been deposited with EMBL nucleotide sequence database, Accession Number X98329. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 73
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    The Branched-Chain Amino Acid Permease Gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, BAP2, Encodes the High-Affinity Leucine Permease (S1) (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 435-439 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: membrane transport ; yeast ; uptake kinetics ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The amino acid leucine has been shown previously to be transported into a yeast cell by at least three permeases: the general amino acid permease, a high-affinity permease (S1) and a low-affinity permease (S2). We isolated the gene BAP2 as a multicopy suppressor of the YPD- phenotype of aat1leu2 yeast. BAP2 has been identified previously as encoding an amino acid permease which transports branched-chain amino acids. In order to align the genetic and biochemical studies of leucine uptake we completed a detailed kinetic analysis of yeast strains in which the BAP2 gene was disrupted and compared this to the kinetics of uptake of the parental strain. We demonstrate that BAP2 encodes the high-affinity leucine permease previously called S1. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 74
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    Meiotic Inheritance of Functional GAL80s Gene Product in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 441-447 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; transcription factors ; GAL80 ; sporulation ; meiosis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Transcription factors inherited during meiosis play a crucial role directing subsequent gene activity. Factors of maternal origin have been shown to influence the pattern of early zygotic transcription during Drosophila and Xenopus embryogenesis. Nevertheless, little is known regarding the meiotic inheritance of the vast majority of transcription factors. In the case of yeast meiosis, for example, it is not yet known whether any of the multitude of transcription factors expressed in the diploid are transmitted to haploid spores in functional form. Here we use a GAL1-STE4 reporter whose activity is detectable in single living cells to identify a transcription factor inherited during sporulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We show that functional Gal80s repressor is meiotically inherited at levels reflecting its expression in the diploid parent. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 75
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    A Conditional Sterol Esterification Defect in Yeast having either a sec1 or sec5 Mutation in the Secretory Pathway (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 449-462 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; ergosterol ; esterification ; secretory mutants ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Two temperature-conditional secretory mutations, sec1 and sec5, cause the accumulation of post-Golgi vesicles when strains containing these mutations are grown at 37°C. In addition to accumulating vesicles, the mutants do not esterify free sterol on rich media at the restrictive temperature. It is the high level of inositol in the media that causes this condition in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, not a defective steryl ester synthase or lack of substrates. When strains containing the sec1 or sec5 mutation were transformed separately with a plasmid carrying SEC1 and SEC5, the esterification and secretory defects were alleviated. Double mutants containing sec6, sec14 or sec18 with either a sec1 or sec5 mutation have normal esterification levels. Strains with suppressor mutations were isolated that grew at 37°C, esterified sterols and had diminished accumulation of vesicles, when grown at the restrictive temperature on defined media with additional inositol. Electron microscopy was used to examine vesicle accumulation, the number of lipid droplets, and to further characterize the esterification defect. When grown at 37°C on defined medium, the strains with sec5 or sec1 accumulated the usual secretory vesicles, but when grown under similar conditions with elevated levels of inositol, accumulated an additional vesicular-like body. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Analysis of 21·7 kb DNA Sequence from the Left Arm of Chromosome VII Reveals 11 Open Reading Frames: Two Correspond to New Genes (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 475-477 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: genome sequencing ; chromosome VII ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The DNA sequence of a fragment of 21 731 bp (nucleotides 87408 to 109138) located on the left arm of chromosome VII from Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C has been determined using a random cloning strategy followed by an oligonucleotide-directed sequencing. This fragment contains eight complete genes previously sequenced (CLG1, SKI8, VAM7, YPT32, MIG2, SIP2, SPT16 and CHC1), the 5′ part of POX1 and two other complete unidentified open reading frames of more than 100 amino acids. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    The RAD29 Gene: Map Position on the Right Arm of Chromosome II (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 489-490 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; genetic analysis ; repair and recombination genes ; RAD29 ; mapping ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: No Abstract
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  • 78
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    Review: An Overview of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Microtubule and Microfilament Cytoskeleton (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 399-434 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: S. cerevisiae ; tubulin ; MAPS ; SPB ; motor proteins ; actin ; ABP ; ARP ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: No Abstract
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  • 79
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    Sequencing Analysis of a 36·8 kb Fragment of Yeast Chromosome XV Reveals 26 Open Reading Frames Including SEC63, CDC31, SUG2, GCD1, RBL2, PNT1, PAC1 and VPH1 (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 483-487 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; chromosome XV ; SEC63 ; CDC31 ; SUG2 ; GCD1 ; RBL2 ; PNT1 ; PAC1 ; VPH1 ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The complete sequence of a 36 775 bp DNA segment located on the right arm of chromosome XV of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been determined and analysed. The sequence encodes 26 open reading frames of at least 100 amino acids. Eight of these correspond to known genes, whereas 18 correspond to new genes. The sequence has been deposited in the EMBL databank under Accession Numbers: Z75154, Z75155, Z75156, Z75157, Z75158, Z75159, Z75160, Z75161, Z75162, Z75163, Z75164, Z75165, Z75166, Z75167, Z75168, Z75169, Z75170, Z75171, Z75172, Z75173, Z75174, Z75175, Z75176, Z75177, Z75178, Z75179. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 80
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    Sequence and Analysis of a 36·2 kb Fragment from the Right Arm of Yeast Chromosome XV Reveals 19 Open Reading Frames Including SNF2 (5′ end), CPA1, SLY41, a Putative Transport ATPase, a Putative Ribosomal Protein and an SNF2 Homologue (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 479-482 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; chromosome XV ; SNF2 ; CPA1 ; SLY41 ; ATPase ; ribosomal protein ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The complete sequence of a 36 196 bp DNA segment located on the right arm of chromosome XV of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been determined and analysed. The sequence includes the 5′ coding region of the SNF2 gene, the CPA1 leader peptide sequence and 17 open reading frames (ORFs) of at least 100 amino acids. Two of these correspond to previously known genes (CPA1, SLY41), whereas 15 correspond to new genes. The putative translation products of three ORFs show significant similarity with known proteins: one is a putative transport ATPase, another appears to be a ribosomal protein, and the third is an Snf2p homologue. The sequence has been deposited in the EMBL databank under Accession Numbers: Z75198, Z75199, Z75200, Z75201, Z75202, Z75203, Z75204, Z75205, Z75206, Z75207, Z75209, Z75210, Z75211, Z75212, Z75213, Z75214, Z75215, Z75216. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 81
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    Mechanisms of Salt Tolerance Conferred by Overexpression of the HAL1 Gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 515-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: HAL1 ; ENA1 ; calcineurin ; sodium transport ; potassium transport ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Overexpression of the HAL1 gene improves the tolerance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to NaCl by increasing intracellular K+ and decreasing intracellular Na+. The effect of HAL1 on intracellular Na+ was mediated by the PMR2/ENA1 gene, corresponding to a major Na+ efflux system. The expression level of ENA1 was dependent on the gene dosage of HAL1 and overexpression of HAL1 suppressed the salt sensitivity of null mutants in calcineurin and Hal3p, other known regulators of ENA1 expression. The effect of HAL1 on intracellular K+ was independent of the TRK1 and TOK1 genes, corresponding to a major K+ uptake system and to a K+ efflux system activated by depolarization, respectively. Overexpression of HAL1 reduces K+ loss from the cells upon salt stress, a phenomenon mediated by an unidentified K+ efflux system. Overexpression of HAL1 did not increase NaCl tolerance in galactose medium. NaCl poses two types of stress, osmotic and ionic, counteracted by glycerol synthesis and sodium extrusion, respectively. As compared to glucose, with galactose as carbon source glycerol synthesis is reduced and the expression of ENA1 is increased. As a consequence, osmotic adjustment through glycerolsynthesis, a process not affected by HAL1, is the limiting factor for growth on galactose under NaCl stress. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 82
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    Yarrowia lipolytica SRP54 Homolog and Translocation of Kar2p (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 499-513 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Yarrowia lipolytica ; signal recognition particle ; protein secretion ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: To investigate the role of Srp54p in protein translocation, the Yarrowia lipolytica SRP54 homolog was cloned. Sequencing revealed an open reading frame of 536 amino acids coding for a 57·2 kilodalton polypeptide with 55 to 57% sequence identity to Srp54ps of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and mouse. Like these Srp54ps, Y. lipolytica Srp54p has an N-terminal domain with a highly conserved GTP-binding site and a methionine-rich C-terminal domain. Differing results regarding the essentiality of SRP subunits were obtained. SRP54 is important but not essential for growth, but it was reconfirmed that at least one SRP RNA gene is essential. Cells with SRP54 deleted grow about six times more slowly than wild type; faster-growing colonies, still growing much slower than wild type, appeared quite frequently. In srp54Δ cells, no untranslocated alkaline extracellular protease precursor was detected. Therefore, to develop another reporter molecule the Y. lipolytica KAR2 homolog was cloned and Kar2p antibodies were produced. For Kar2p an untranslocated precursor was detected in srp54Δ but not in wild-type cells, suggesting that its translocation was defective in the srp54Δ cells. These results confirm an in vivo role for SRP in protein translocation in Y. lipolytica, suggest that SRP RNA or an SRP core-particle has functions not shared by Srp54p, and show that, as in S. cerevisiae and Sz. pombe, reporter molecules differ in their dependency on SRP for translocation. The SRP54 and KAR2 sequences have been deposited in GenBank under Accession Numbers U42418 and U63136.
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  • 83
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    Phylogenetic Classification of the Mitochondrial Carrier Family of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 573-581 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: yeast genome ; mitochondrial carrier family ; transport protein ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The screening of the open reading frames identified in the whole yeast genome has allowed us to discover 34 proteins belonging to the mitochondrial carrier family. By phylogenetic study, they can be divided into 27 subfamilies including ADP/ATP, phosphate and citrate carriers, putative oxoglutarate and GDC carriers and 22 new subfamilies. Topology predictions using the ‘positive inside rule’ approach have shown that the yeast carriers are similarly oriented with both extremities exposed to the cytosol. In each subfamily, a strict conservation of the charged residues in the six transmembrane α-helices is observed, suggesting a functional role for these residues and the existence of 27 functionally distinct carriers. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 84
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    The Osmotic Hypersensitivity of the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is Strain and Growth Media Dependent: Quantitative Aspects of the Phenomenon (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 529-539 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: osmotic hypersensitivity ; strains ; NaCl ; plating ; derepression ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Osmotic hypersensitivity is manifested as cellular death at magnitudes of osmotic stress that can support growth. Cellular capacity for survival when plated onto high NaCl media was examined for a number of laboratory and industrial strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. During respiro-fermentative growth in rich medium with glucose as energy and carbon source, the hypersensitivity phenomenon was fairly strain invariant with a threshold value of about 1 m-NaCl; most strains fell within a 300 mm range in LD10 values (lethal dose yielding 10% survival). Furthermore, all but one of the strains displayed similar differential death responses above the threshold value, i.e. ten-fold decreased viability for every 250 mm increase in salinity. Addition of small amounts of salt to the growth medium drastically improved tolerance and shifted the hypersensitivity threshold to higher NaCl concentrations. This salt-instigated tolerance could partly be reversed by washing in water. The washing procedure depleted cells of the glycerol that they had accumulated under saline growth, and the contribution from glycerol to the improved tolerance was about 50% in the two strains examined. Growth on derepressing carbon sources like galactose, ethanol or glycerol gave strain-dependent responses. The laboratory strain X2180-1A drastically improved tolerance while the bakers' yeast strain Y41 did so only marginally. It was concluded that all strains of S. cerevisiae display the osmotic hypersensitivity phenomenon in qualitative terms while the quantitative values differ. It was also proposed that growth rate does not dictate the level of osmotic hypersensitivity of S. cerevisiae. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 85
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    Role of the Cytoskeleton in Endocytosis of the Yeast Maltose Transporter (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 541-549 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: cytoskeleton ; endocytosis ; yeast maltose transporter ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Certain components of the cytoskeleton play a role in yeast fluid-phase endocytosis as well as in endocytosis of the α-factor when this pheromone is bound to its 7-transmembrane segment receptor. The yeast maltose transporter is a 12-transmembrane segment protein that, under certain physiological conditions, is degraded in the vacuole after internalization by endocytosis. In this work, the possible role of the cytoskeleton in endocytosis of this transporter has been investigated. Using mutants defective in β-tubulin, actin and the actin-binding proteins Sac6 and Abp85, as well as nocodazole, which inhibits formation of microtubules, we have shown that actin microfilaments are involved in endocytosis of the maltose transporter whereas microtubules are not.© 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 86
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    Expression Cassettes for Formaldehyde and Fluoroacetate Resistance, Two Dominant Markers in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 551-559 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Yeast genetics ; dominant markers ; formaldehyde ; fluoroacetate ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We employed two genes in constructing yeast expression cassettes for dominant, selectable markers. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene SFA1, encoding formaldehyde dehydrogenase, was placed under the control of the GPD1 promoter and CYC1 terminator. The Moraxella sp. strain B gene dehH1, encoding fluoroacetate dehalogenase, was placed under the control of both the GPD1 and CYC1 promoters. With these constructs it was possible to select directly for yeast strains resistant to either formaldehyde or fluoroacetate. Both selective agents are completely metabolized and inexpensive, making them very useful in the pursuit of yeast gene functions and for industrial applications. An additional advantage of the formaldehyde dehydrogenase marker is that it is an S. cerevisiae gene, thus allowing ‘all yeast’ constructs. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Sequence Analysis of a 33·2 kb Segment from the Left Arm of Yeast Chromosome XV Reveals Eight Known Genes and Ten New Open Reading Frames Including Homologues of ABC Transporters, Inositol Phosphatases and Human Expressed Sequence Tags (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 583-589 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: genome sequencing ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; chromosome XV ; IRA2 ; DEC1 ; NUF2 ; HST1 ; RTG1 ; RIB2 ; HAL2 ; SCORFAC ; white gene ; ABC transporters ; inositol phoshatases ; membrane proteins ; ATP/GTP-binding ; human ESTs ; WD repeats ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The complete nucleotide sequence of a 33 221 bp segment, contained in cosmid pEOA1044, derived from the left arm of chromosome XV of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, appears in public databases between coordinates 177013 and 210234 (http://speedy.mips.biochem.mpg.de/). Computer analysis of that sequence revealed the presence of the previously known genes IRA2, DEC1, NUF2, HST1, RTG1, RIB2 and HAL2, one previously partially sequenced open reading frame (ORF) of unknown function (SCORFAC) and ten newly identified ORFs. One of the new ORFs is similar to the Drosophila melanogaster white gene and other transmembrane ABC transporters, another one has similarities to inositol phosphatases and others are similar to ORFs of unknown function from various organisms, including human Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs). Potential transmembrane regions, ATP/GTP-binding and WD motifs have also been identified. The existence of yeast ESTs for two of the newly identified ORFs indicates that they are transcribed. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Characterization of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cdc42-1ts Allele and New Temperature-Conditional-Lethal cdc42 Alleles (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 561-572 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Schizosaccharomyces pombe ; GTPase ; conditional allele ; cell polarity ; cell morphogenesis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Cdc42p is a highly conserved GTPase involved in controlling cell polarity and polarizing the actin cytoskeleton. The CDC42 gene was first identified by the temperature-sensitive cell-division-cycle mutant cdc42-1ts in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We have determined the DNA and predicted amino-acid sequence of the cdc42-1ts allele and identified multiple mutations in the coding region and 5′ promoter region, thereby limiting its usefulness in genetic screens. Therefore, we generated additional temperature-conditional-lethal alleles in highly conserved amino-acid residues of both S. cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe Cdc42p. The cdc42W97R temperature-sensitive allele in S. cerevisiae displayed the same cell-division-cycle arrest phenotype (large, round unbudded cells) as the cdc42-1ts mutant. However, it exhibited a bud-site selection defect and abnormal bud morphologies at the permissive temperature of 23°C. These phenotypes suggest that Cdc42p functions in bud-site selection early in the morphogenetic process and also in polarizing growth patterns leading to proper bud morphogenesis later in the process. In S. pombe, the cdc42W97R mutant displayed a cold-sensitive, loss-of-function phenotype when expressed from the thiamine-repressible nmt1 promoter under repressing conditions. In addition, cdc42T58A and cdc42S71P mutants showed a temperature-sensitive loss-of-function phenotype when expressed in S. pombe; these mutants did not display a conditional phenotype when expressed in S. cerevisiae. These new conditional-lethal cdc42 alleles will be important reagents for the further dissection of the cell polarity pathway in both yeasts. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 89
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    ‘Marker Swap’ Plasmids: Convenient Tools for Budding Yeast Molecular Genetics (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 647-653 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: markers ; gene disruption ; gene replacement ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: One-step gene disruption constructs for disruption of HIS3, LEU2, TRP1 or URA3 with each of the other three markers have been constructed. All of these constructs have been tested and found to effectively convert markers either in gene disruptions or on plasmids. The ‘swapped’ strains allow the unambiguous genetic analysis of synthetic phenotypes with multiple genes, even if the original gene disruptions were made with the same marker. They also allow introduction of multiple plasmids in a single transformant, even if the original plasmids had the same marker, and allow transformation of plasmids into strains containing gene disruptions made with the same marker that is on the plasmids. These ‘marker-swap’ plasmids therefore eliminate the need for much subcloning to change markers. Marker-swapped alleles are acceptably stable mitotically and meiotically for most applications.© 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 90
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    Reconstitution of the NF-κB System in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for Isolation of Effectors by Phenotype Modulation (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 599-612 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: NF-κB ; genetic complimentation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: NF-κB is a ubiquitous transcription factor that contributes to the induction of many genes playing a central role in immune and inflammatory responses. The NF-κB proteins are subject to multiple regulatory influences including post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation and proteolytic processing. A very important component of this regulation is the control of their subcellular localization: cytoplasmic retention of NF-κB is achieved through interaction with IκB molecules. In response to extracellular signals, these molecules undergo degradation, NF-κB translocates to the nucleus and activates its target genes.To investigate novel proteins involved in this dynamic response, we have reconstituted the NF-κB/IκB system in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We have successively introduced p65, the main transcriptional activator of the NF-κB family, which leads to the activation of two reporter genes controlled by κB sites, and the IκBα inhibitory protein, which abolishes this activation. By transforming such a yeast strain with a cDNA library we have performed a genetic screen for cDNAs encoding proteins capable of either dissociating the p65/IκBα complex or directly transactivating the expression of the reporter genes. The efficiency of our screen was demonstrated by the isolation of a cDNA encoding the p105 precursor of the p50 subunit of NF-κB.We also used this system to test stimuli known to activate signalling pathways in yeast, in order to investigate whether the related mammalian cascades might be involved in NF-κB activation. We showed that yeast endogenous kinase cascades activated by pheromone, hypo- or hyperosmotic shock cannot modulate NF-κB activity in our system, and that the p38 human MAP kinase does not act directly on the p65/IκBα complex. © John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 91
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    The Linear Plasmid pDHL1 from Debaryomyces hansenii Encodes a Protein Highly Homologous to the pGKL1-Plasmid DNA Polymerase (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 613-620 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: DNA polymerase ; Debaryomyces hansenii ; hairpin loop ; UCS ; pDHL linear plasmids ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Both the linear plasmids, pDHL1 (8·4 kb) and pDHL2 (9·2 kb), of Debaryomyces hansenii TK require the presence of a third linear plasmid pDHL3 (15·0 kb) in the same host cell for their replication. A 3·5 kb Bam HI-PstI fragment of pDHL1 strongly hybridized by Southern analysis to the 3·5 kb NcoI-AccI fragment of pDHL2, suggesting the importance of this conserved region in the replication of the two smaller pDHL plasmids. The 4·2 kb pDHL1 fragment containing the above hybridized region was cloned and sequenced. The results showed that the cloned pDHL1 fragment encodes a protein of 1000 amino acid residues, having a strong similarity to the DNA polymerase coded for by ORF1 of the killer plasmid pGKL1 from Kluyveromyces lactis. The catalytic and proof-reading exonuclease domains as well as terminal protein motif were well conserved as in DNA polymerases of pGKL1 and other yeast linear plasmids. Analysis of the cloned fragment further showed that pDHL1 encodes a protein partly similar to the α subunit of the K. lactis killer toxin, although killer activity was not known in the DHL system. Analysis of the 5′ non-coding region of the two above pDHL1-ORFs reveal the presence of the upstream conserved sequence similar to that found upstream of pGKL1-ORFs. The possible hairpin loop structure was also found just in front of the ATG start codon of the pDHL1-ORFs like pGKL1-ORFs. Thus the cytoplasmic pDHL plasmids were suggested to possess a gene expression system comparable to that of K. lactis plasmids. © John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 92
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    DNA Sequencing and Analysis of 130 kb from Yeast Chromosome XV (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 655-672 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: genome sequencing ; yeast-human homolog ; genequiz ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We have determined the nucleotide sequence of 129 524 bases of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) chromosome XV. Sequence analysis revealed the presence of 59 non-overlapping open reading frames (ORFs) of length 〉300 bp, three tRNA genes, four delta elements and one Ty-element. Among the 21 previously known yeast genes (36% of all ORFs in this fragment) were nucleoporin (NUP1), ras protein (RAS1), RNA polymerase III (RPC1) and elongation factor 2 (EF2). Further, 31 ORFs (53% of the total) were found to be homologous to known protein or DNA sequences, or sequence patterns. For seven ORFs (11% of the total) no homology was found. Among the most interesting protein identifications in this DNA fragment are an inositol polyphosphatase, the second gene of this type found in yeast (homologous to the human OCRL gene involved in Lowe's syndrome), a new ADP ribosylation factor of the arf6 subfamily, the first protein containing three C2 domains, and an ORF similar to a Bacillus subtilis cell-cycle related protein. For each ORF detailed sequence analysis was carried out, with a full consideration of its biological function and pointing out key regions of interest for further functional analysis. The sequence has been submitted to the EMBL data library under Accession Number X94335.© 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 93
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    The AFT1 Transcriptional Factor is Differentially Required for Expression of High-Affinity Iron Uptake Genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 621-637 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: AFT1 ; transcriptional factor ; iron uptake ; phosphorylation ; respiratory growth ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: High-affinity iron uptake in Saccharomyces cerevisiae involves the extracytoplasmic reduction of ferric ions by FRE1 and FRE2 reductases. Ferrous ions are then transported across the plasma membrane through the FET3 oxidase-FTR1 permease complex. Expression of the high-affinity iron uptake genes is induced upon iron deprivation. We demonstrate that AFT1 is differentially involved in such regulation. Aft1 protein is required for maintaining detectable non-induced levels of FET3 expression and for induction of FRE2 in iron starvation conditions. On the contrary, FRE1 mRNA induction is normal in the absence of Aft1, although the existence of AFT1 point mutations causing constitutive expression of FRE1 (Yamaguchi-Iwai et al., EMBO J. 14: 1231-1239, 1995) indicates that Aft1 may also participate in FRE1 expression in a dispensable way. The alterations in the basal levels of expression of the high-affinity iron uptake genes may explain why the AFT1 mutant is unable to grow on respirable carbon sources. Overexpression of AFT1 leads to growth arrest at the G1 stage of the cell cycle. Aft1 is a transcriptional activator that would be part of the different transcriptional complexes interacting with the promoter of the high-affinity iron uptake genes. Aft1 displays phosphorylation modifications depending on the growth stage of the cells, and it might link induction of genes for iron uptake to other metabolically dominant requirements for cell growth. © John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 94
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    Sequence Analysis of Candida albicans Phosphoribosyl-aminoimidazole Carboxylase (ADE2) Gene (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 673-676 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Candida albicans ; ADE2 ; phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase ; sequencing ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The nucleotide sequence of the Candida albicans ADE2 gene, which encodes phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase, has been determined. The sequence possesses an uninterrupted open reading frame of 1704 nucleotides corresponding to 568 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequence shares a high degree of homology with ADE2 homologues in other fungal species including Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pichia methanolica, Schwanniomyces occidentalis and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Three regions of amino acid sequence were highly conserved among all reported ADE2 genes. The hexanucleotide TGACTC characteristic of genes involved in purine and amino acid biosyntheses is located in front of putative TATA boxes in the promoter region. The GenBank Accession Number of this gene is U75582. © John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 95
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    Molecular Cloning of a Candida albicans Gene (SSB1) Coding for a Protein Related to the Hsp70 Family (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 677-681 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Candida albicans ; heat-shock (stress) proteins ; nucleotide sequence ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We have cloned and sequenced a Candida albicans gene (SSB1) encoding a potential member of the heat-shock protein seventy (hsp70) family. The protein encoded by this gene contains 613 amino acids and shows a high degree (85%) of sequence identity to the ssb subfamily (ssb1 and ssb2) of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae hsp70 family. The transcribed mRNA (2·1 kb) is present in similar amounts both in yeast and germ tube cells of C. albicans. The sequence data has been deposited in the GenBank data library under the Accession Number X97723. © John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 96
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    Secretion of Mouse α-Amylase from Kluyveromyces lactis (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 699-706 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: glycosylation ; leader-peptide ; signal sequence ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We constructed two mouse α-amylase secretion vectors for Kluyveromyces lactis using the well-characterized signal sequence of the pGKL 128 kDa killer precursor protein. Both PHO5 and PGK expression cassettes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae directed the expression of mouse α-amylase in YPD medium at a similar level of efficiency. K. lactis transformants secreted glycosylated and non-glycosylated α-amylase into the culture medium and both species were enzymatically active. The K. lactis/S. cerevisiae shuttle secretion vector pMI6 was constructed, and K. lactis MD2/1(pMI6) secreted about four-fold more α-amylase than S. cerevisiae YNN27 harboring the same plasmid, indicating that K. lactis is an efficient host cell for the secretion and production of recombinant proteins. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 97
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    BTN1, a Yeast Gene Corresponding to the Human Gene Responsible for Batten's Disease, is Not Essential for Viability, Mitochondrial Function, or Degradation of Mitochondrial ATP Synthase (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 691-697 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Batten's disease ; ATP synthase ; degradation ; mitochondria ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene BTN1, encodes a 408 amino acid putative integral membrane protein, which is 39% identical and 59% similar to the human Cln3p, whose mutant forms are responsible for Batten's disease and for a diminished degradation of mitochondrial ATPase synthase subunit c. Disruption experiments established that Btn1p is not essential for viability, mitochondrial function, or degradation of mitochondrial ATP synthase in yeast. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 98
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    Sequence Comparison of the Ty1 and Ty2 Elements of the Yeast Genome Supports the Structural Model of the tRNAiMet-Ty1 RNA Reverse Transcription Initiation Complex (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 639-645 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Ty1 retrotransposon ; Ty2 ; primer binding site ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In the reverse transcription initiation complex of the yeast Ty1 retrotransposon, interaction between the template RNA and primer tRNAiMet is not limited to base pairing of the primer binding site (PBS) with ten nucleotides at the 3′ end of tRNAiMet but three regions named boxes 0, 1 and 2.1 interact with the T and D stems and loops of tRNAiMet. Sequence comparison of 33 Tyl elements and 13 closely related Ty2 elements found in the yeast genome shows that the nucleotide sequence of all elements is highly conserved in the region spanning the PBS and the three boxes. Since this domain of the template RNA encodes a portion of protein TyA, we have calculated its amino acid profile and its nucleotide profile to evaluate the role played by nucleotide sequence conservation in the selection for TyA function and in the maintenance of base pairing interactions for the priming function of Tyl RNA. Our results show that the nucleotide sequence conservation of Ty1 RNA is constrained not only by selection for Ty1 function but also by maintenance of a given nucleotide sequence able to base pair with the tRNAiMet in the primer-template initiation complex. © John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 99
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    Deregulation of CLN1 and CLN2 in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae whi2 Mutant (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 707-715 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: CLN1 ; CLN2 ; CLN3 ; G1 cyclins ; stationary phase ; WHI2 ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Wild-type cells of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae arrest in G1 upon nutrient exhaustion. Cell cycle arrest requires the WHI2 gene since whi2 mutants continue to divide and become abnormally small as nutrients are depleted. Here we show that CLN1 and CLN2 transcript levels in a whi2 strain are higher during exponential growth, and persist longer upon starvation, than in an isogenic wild-type strain. In contrast to CLN1 and CLN2, CLN3 levels declined only at very high cell density and were unaffected by the whi2 mutation. Elevated CLN expression is sufficient to explain the whi2 phenotype since ectopic expression of CLN1 in a nutrient-depleted culture caused cells to continue dividing and interfered with the acquisition of heat resistance. These observations show that, either directly or indirectly, Whi2 negatively regulates G1 cyclin expression. Interestingly extremely high levels of Cln1 induced filamentous growth upon nutrient deprivation, suggesting a direct connection between G1 cyclin activity and morphological responses to poor nutrient conditions. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 100
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    Constitutive Flocculation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Through Overexpression of the GTS1 Gene, coding for a ‘Glo’-type Zn-finger-containing Protein (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 717-725 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The product of the cloned GTS1 gene is characterized by structural features found in transcription factors. It contains one Zn-finger motif (CXXCX16CXXC) situated in the N-terminal end with a high degree of homology to the newly identified ‘Glo’ family of Zn-finger proteins (Ireland et al., 1994, EMBO J.13, 3812-3821). The C-terminal end of the protein is characterized by poly (Ala-Gln) and poly-Gln stretches. Poly-Gln are part of trans-acting motifs in known transcription factors. Overexpression of the GTS1 gene results in constitutive flocculation. Whole cell electrophoretic mobility and hydrophobicity of GTS1 overexpressing cells was respectively lower and higher relative to control cells. GTS1-induced flocculation is hardly sensitive to mannose in contrast to FLO1-determined flocculation. Overexpression of the GTS1 gene in a flo1 background does not abolish flocculation, suggesting that the FLO1 gene is not linked with the GTS1 gene in a ‘flocculation pathway’. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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