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  • 1965-1969  (8,573)
  • 1920-1924
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (8,218)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (318)
  • Psychopharmacology  (37)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An hallucinogenic amphetamine analog (DOM) in man (1969)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 14 (1969), S. 62-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Amphetamine ; Hallucinogens ; Drug Addiction ; Psychopharmacology ; Phenylethylamines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The amphetamine analog, 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine (DOM), was studied in 18 volunteer subjects given single doses ranging from 2 to 14 mg. The former was a threshold dose, with definite psychotomimetic effects being evident from doses over 5 mg. The clinical syndrome greatly resembled that of the LSD-mescaline-psilocybin series of drugs, including its time-course. Somewhat more sedation was produced by DOM than would have been expected from the others, despite concomitant evidence of peripheral sympathetic stimulation. Just as with the other drugs, DOM increased plasma free fatty acids, decreased phosphorus and creatinine clearance, decreased circulating eosinophils and had little effect on catecholamine excretion. Performance of psychometric tests was impaired. Chlorpromazine treatment concurrently was found to attenuate the reaction. Tolerance rapidly developed when the drug was used chronically by patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00401535
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Generalization by rats of alcohol and atropine stimulus characteristics to other drugs (1969)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 15 (1969), S. 196-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Psychopharmacology ; Animal Behavior ; Alcohol ; Atropine ; Discrimination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two operant procedures were used for training albino rats to make differential responses on the basis of their drug or nondrug condition. In the Conflict procedure, every fifth lever press was rewarded by a food pellet in one condition (drug for half the animals, saline for the other half) and was punished by electric shock in the other condition. For 6 animals the drug condition was ethyl alcohol (1200 mg/kg of a 10% v/v solution in isotonic saline, injected i.p. 5 min before the start of the session); for 4 animals the drug condition was atropine sulfate (10 mg/kg in 1 ml/kg saline injected i.p. 30 min before the start of the session). In the Choice procedure, food reward was obtained by the first press on one of two levers at a variable time interval, averaging one minute, after the prior food reward. The rewarded lever depended on the animal's drug or saline condition (alcohol for 7 animals, atropine for 5 animals, administered as in the Conflict procedure); the same right-hand or left left-hand lever was rewarded in the drug condition for half the animals and in the saline condition for the other half. The response associated with 1200 mg/kg alcohol was generally elicited in tests with sufficiently high doses of pentobarbital sodium (10–20 mg/kg), chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride (10–15 mg/kg) and chloral hydrate (90–120 mg/kg, administered orally). Lower doses of these compounds, and of alcohol, were perceived as less similar to the alcohol and therefore more similar to the saline condition. Substantial doses of chlorpromazine hydrochloride (2 mg/kg) and d-amphetamine sulfate (1 mg/kg) also were perceived as similar to the saline condition. The response associated with a centrally acting anticholinergic (10 mg/kg atropine) was generally elicited in tests with several doses of scopolamine hydrobromide (0.06 to 1.0 mg/kg) and of atropine (2.5–5.0 mg/kg). The saline response was elicited by a lower dose of scopolamine (0.03 mg/kg) and by a peripherally-acting anticholinergic, atropine methyl bromide, at a dose (5 mg/kg) equimolar with 10 mg/kg atropine sulfate. The same results, including closely similar ED50 doses, were generally found with the Conflict and Choice procedures, despite the differences between them in the motivational basis for the differential drug and nondrug responses. The similarities and dissimilarities among these compounds in perceived stimulus characteristics also correspond closely with those reported by Overton (1966) with a locomotor shock-escape procedure in tests which were generally limited to a single high dose of each drug.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00411169
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antagonism by antimuscarinic and ganglion-blocking drugs of some of the behavioural effects of nicotine (1969)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 15 (1969), S. 341-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Nicotine ; Antimuscarinic Drugs ; Ganglion-Blocking Drugs ; Operant Conditioning ; Psychopharmacology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of nicotine on bar-pressing behaviour in the rat are blocked by mecamylamine. The depressant phase of the effect is blocked by atropine, supporting the conclusion that this depression is mediated by released acetylcholine. The quaternary compounds chlorisondamine and atropine methylnitrate also antagonise the behavioural effects of nicotine but the doses required for this are far in excess of those which are effective peripherally, suggesting that the sites of interaction are central.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00403709
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nicotine injections as the conditioned stimulus in discrimination learning (1969)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 15 (1969), S. 351-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Nicotine ; Conditioned Stimulus ; Discrimination Learning ; Psychopharmacology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Rats were trained to respond for water rewards on different bars in a Skinner box depending on whether they had previously been injected with nicotine or with saline. No other drug tested could consistently elicit responses on the “nicotine correct” bar. Pre-treatment with mecamylamine abolished the rats' ability to distinguish between nicotine and saline but pretreatment with chlorisondamine did not.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00403710
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alteration of the behavioral effects of amphetamine by agents which modify cholinergic function (1969)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 14 (1969), S. 142-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Psychopharmacology ; Amphetamine ; Cholinergics ; Drug Interactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Amphetamine was administered to a group of rats trained on a nondiscriminated avoidance procedure. An intraperitoneal dose of 2.0 mg/kg caused about a 75% increase in response rate for the three-hour session. Doses of atropine, Tremorine, eserine, and 4-(1-naphthylvinyl)-pyridine (NVP), an inhibitor of the enzyme choline acetylase, which were ineffective in themselves, markedly affected the increase in rate observed after amphetamine. The quarternary amine of NVP was without effect on the amphetamine response. Those agents that decreased cholinergic function, either by blocking the effect of acetylcholine or by preventing its synthesis, augmented the stimulating effect of amphetamine. Cholinergic stimulants, on the other hand, significantly antagonized the behavioral effects of amphetamine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00403687
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of nicotine on punished behaviour (1969)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 14 (1969), S. 221-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Psychopharmacology ; Animal Behaviour ; Nicotine ; Punishment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of nicotine, amphetamine, chlordiazepoxide and caffeine were studied in rats trained on a VI 2 crf schedule of water reward with all rewards accompanied by electric shock. Responding, partially suppressed by the shock, was restored by chlordiazepoxide and further suppressed by amphetamine. Nicotine resembled amphetamine in its effects on most rats but occasionally increased responding. Caffeine also increased responding in some rats indicating that this property is not always confined to tranquillising drugs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00404220
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Psychopharmacological activity of the active constituents of hashish and some related cannabinoids (1969)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 14 (1969), S. 200-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Psychopharmacology ; Hashish ; Cannabinoids ; Monkeys Amphetamine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. The psychopharmacological activity of Δ 1-tetrahydrocannabinol, (I); Δ 1(6)-tetrahydrocannabinol (4′ hexyl), (II); Δ 1(6)-tetrahydrocannabinol, (III); 1-ethoxyhexahydrocannabinol, (IV); 8-ethoxy-iso-hexahydrocannabinol, (V); Δ 1(6)-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid Me ester, Isomer I, (VI); Δ 1(6)-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid Me ester, Isomer II, (VII); cannabigerol, (VIII); Δ 1(6)-tetrahydrocannabinol (3′ hexyl), (IX); cannabichromene, (X); has been examined in a variety of animal species. 2. Compounds (I) and (III) caused severe motor disturbances and a stuporous state in dogs and ptosis, “tameness” and peculiar postural changes in monkeys. In the latter animal, compound (II) elicited similar effects. 3. Compounds (I) and (III) after intraperitoneal but not subcutaneous administration, suppressed the gerbil digging activity; reduced the rat conditioned avoidance response and induced a cataleptoid reaction in mice, rats and gerbils. In addition, compound (I) reduced the performance of mice on the rotating-rod. Both compounds, administered subcutaneously, induced a measurable ataxic gait in rats. 4. Amphetamine reversed the behavioural changes elicited by compounds (I) and (III) in monkeys, as well as the cataleptoid reaction in rats. 5. None of the other compounds provoked observable changes in any of the species studied. 6. It is suggested that Rhesus monkeys might serve as a suitable model for assessing the psychopharmacological activity of active cannabinoids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00404218
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über die antiaggressive Wirkung von Lithium (1969)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 15 (1969), S. 245-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Aggression ; Lithium ; Psychopharmacology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The influence of lithium on aggressive behavior was studied in Siamese fighting fish, mice and golden hamsters. The fish stopped fighting when exposed to concentrations of 10 to 30 meq/l LiCl in the surrounding water. Also in mice and hamsters which ingested LiCl with the drinking fluid lithium abolished intraspecific aggression. Measurements of plasma and brain lithium levels revealed astonishing individual differences in the concentrations which were necessary for the antiaggressive effect. In all species normal aggressive behavior reappeared after lithium treatment was discontinued.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00401678
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessment of anti-reserpine and anti-apomorphine activities of some psychic energizers in pigeons (1969)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 15 (1969), S. 255-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Psychopharmacology ; Antidepressants ; Reserpine Emesis ; Apomorphine Pecking
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Seven psychic energizers have been quantitatively evaluated for their antidepressant and tranquillizing activity using antagonism of reserpine induced emesis and apomorphine induced pecking in pigeons as test procedures for the two activities respectively. Pheniprazine and deanol possess anti-reserpine activity only whereas imipramine, desmethylimipramine, amitriptyline, opipramol and orphenadrine possess both anti-reserpine as well as anti-apomorphine activity. It is suggested that the two tests form a simple and reliable combination for evaluating potential antidepressants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00401679
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A clinical trial of methysergide and lithium in mania (1969)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 15 (1969), S. 425-429 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Psychopharmacology ; Methysergide ; Mania ; Lithium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Six manic patients were studied in an open sequential drug trial of placebo and the serotonin antagonist methysergide; lithium was then substituted double-blind. No dramatic change occurred in individual manic item scores or in mean daily mania ratings after 48 hours or seven days of methysergide, although several of the patients showed slight trends toward improvement. However, after a mean duration of 10.3 days of lithium treatment, all manic item scores improved dramatically and significantly, so that complete clinical remission was evident in all patients. In view of the discrepancy between these essentially negative findings and several recent positive reports on the efficacy of methysergide in the treatment of mania, the authors feel that the indolealkylamine hypothesis of affective disorders should be further investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00403718
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of nicotine on the swimming speed of pre-trained rats through a water alley (1969)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 15 (1969), S. 19-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Psychopharmacology ; Animal Behavior ; Nicotine-Physical Performance ; Motivation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In sessions of ten runs each, swimming time of rats through a 4 m long water alley was measured. Four doses of nicotine (0.05; 0.1; 0.2; 0.4 mg/kg given intraperitoneally 30 minutes before testing) were tested in sessions with a braking load on the tails of the animals either in all 10 runs of a session, or in every second run, or in none of the 10 runs. Regardless of the swimming condition, nicotine produced a considerable, and at doses of 0.1 mg/kg and over, significant decrease of performance in the first two runs. From the third to the 10th run, the changes caused by nicotine were smaller and differed depending on the swimming conditions. A dose of 0.1 mg nicotine/kg improved performance in the “without-load-sessions” and the “without-load-runs” of the alternating sessions, while both 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg improved performance of the “with-load-runs” of the alternating sessions. Performance in the “without-load-sessions” and the “without-load-runs” was depressed by 0.4 mg/kg and that in the “with-load-sessions” by 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00410797
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alpha chloralose and nocturnal physiological patterns (1969)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 15 (1969), S. 28-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Drugs ; Sleep ; Electroencephalography ; Psychophysiology ; Psychopharmacology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sleep physiological patterns were examined following a single oral dose (500 mg) of the hypnotic drug alpha chloralose. The drug increased SW sleep and decreased REM sleep without affecting total sleep time or the amount of stage 2. These changes were accompanied by a shift to slower frequencies and greater EEG synchrony, as well as a decrease in the number of spontaneous arousals in all stages of sleep, and throughout the night of medication. Except for a slight decrease in eye movement density, the drug had no systematic effects on phasic phenomena such as electrodermal or cardio-respiratory fluctuations, nor was there a systematic change in basal heart and breathing rates. On the night following medication a “rebound” increase in percent stage REM was associated with a sharp decrease in SW sleep, and increases in spontaneous arousals and waking time. Such findings suggest that sleep stages are controlled by homeostatic mechanisms whose function is to maintain equilibrium. A comparison of the effects of alpha chloralose with those of the barbiturate secobarbital revealed some striking differences. Although both alpha chloralose and the barbiturate reduced the amount of stage REM and the frequency of brief arousals, the latter compound enhanced EEG fast activity and desynchrony, and suppressed such phasic phenomena as rapid eye movements during stage REM, sigma spindles in stage 2, nonspecific electrodermal responses during SW sleep and cardio-respiratory variability in all sleep stages. For secobarbital, the decrease in percent stage REM was compensated by an increase in stage 2 rather than SW sleep. Several studies in the cat suggest that in subanesthetic doses, alpha chloralose acts primarily on cortical inhibitory processes, causing release of the reticular activating system from inhibitory influences. The results of this study show that moderate doses in man probably act on both cortical and subcortical systems involved in the mediation of SW sleep, REM sleep and arousal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00410798
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trial of an anti-anxiety compound-Doxepin (Sinequan) (1969)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 15 (1969), S. 134-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Psychopharmacology ; Anti-Anxiety ; Controlled Trial ; Doxepin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Six patients with persistent anxiety symptoms were used in a preliminary assessment of a new anti-anxiety compound-Doxepin (Sinequan) with placebo. The factorial design is discussed as a potentially useful way of conducting a first-stage test of anti-anxiety compounds. Analysis of the results showed that Doxepin at 25 mg t.d.s. and 50 mg t.d.s. was associated with improvement in the patient's self ratings of anxiety symptoms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00407046
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The behavioral effects of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in chronic schizophrenia (1969)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 15 (1969), S. 144-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Niacin ; Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide ; Schizophrenia ; Phenothiazines ; Psychopharmacology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two grams of NAD were administered orally to ten chronic schizophrenic patients for twenty-one days. Five of the patients were also receiving thioridazine. There was no gross clinical improvement noted in any of the patients despite the fact that related experiments suggested that the NAD was absorbed. In those patients who were not also receiving phenothiazines there was a distinct tendency towards increased hostility, aggressiveness and irritability beginning one week after the initiation of NAD treatment and lasting for nearly two weeks after the NAD was discontinued.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00407047
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dimensions of the LSD, methylphenidate and chlordiazepoxide experiences (1969)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 14 (1969), S. 1-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Lysergic Acid Diethylamide or LSD ; Methylphenidate or Ritalin ; Chlordiazepoxide or Librium ; Psychopharmacology ; Alcoholism and Drug Therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Through the retrospective use of the 156 item DWM Card Sort, the experiences from a single intravenous dose of 200 mcg of LSD, 75 mg of methylphenidate (Ritalin) and 75 mg of chlordiazepoxide (Librium) were compared in a population of 99 chronic male alcoholics treated in an “LSD setting” in a double-blind study. Surprisingly, 96 of the 156 items proved significantly different among the 3 groups. LSD was unique in producing Sensory and Perceptual Distortions (including Hallucinations or Illusions), and Mystical, Religious or Paranormal Sensations. However, contrary to expectation, LSD did not uniquely produce the traditional “therapeutic” experience, but appeared to be surpassed in that area by methylphenidate. Both drugs also produced some anxiety, while chlordiazepoxide produced relaxation, and enhanced music appreciation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00401528
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of the influence of some psychotropic substances on the grooming behaviour of white mice (1969)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 14 (1969), S. 18-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Psychopharmacology ; Animal Behaviour ; Mice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Mice were stained with pulverized charcoal and the resulting grooming behaviour observed. From 119 controls, the typical patterns indicated a late cleaning of the tail, the sacrum and the region between the ears. The following substances were tested: Imipramine, Desipramine, Trimeprimine, Amitriptyline, Nortriptyline, Chlordiazepoxide, Iproniazide, d-Amphetamine, Chlorpromazine, Haloperidol, Acetylsalicylic acid, Metronidazole. Of these Amitriptyline, Chlorpromazine, Haloperidol and Metronidazole were effective in doses less than 1/10 of LD 5.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00401530
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Locomotor activity and anorexogenic action (1969)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 14 (1969), S. 248-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Amphetamine ; Appetite Depressants ; Psychopharmacology ; Sympathomimetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A method is described with which it is possible to measure locomotor activity and food intake simultaneously in the same rat or other small animal. From a study of a number of psychomotorstimulant drugs and anorectic agents it may be concluded that locomotorstimulation and appetite-suppression are two different effects that may or may not characterize the same drug. Methamphetamine and phenmetrazine are stimulants in doses that do not inhibit food intake. Amphepramon reduced food intake in low doses but acts as a stimulant in higher doses. Chlorphemternine and phenfluramine are anorectic agents that are not stimulants, even in high doses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00404223
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Skin conductance responses to hypercapnia in man during a cycle of addiction to morphine (1969)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 14 (1969), S. 394-403 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Psychopharmacology ; Morphine ; Skin Conductance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Skin conductance changes during periods of stress induced by hypercapnia were studied during a cycle of addiction to morphine. Conductance changes were found to be dose dependent in both tolerant and non-tolerant states. The effects of morphine on skin conductance changes induced by hypercapnia were similar to those effects previously observed on changes induced by electric shock.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00403580
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of two phenothiazines on the Achilles-tendon reflex (1969)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 14 (1969), S. 417-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Psychopharmacology ; Psychoses ; Reflex, Abnormal ; Chlorpromazine ; Trifluopromazine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary According to our results in 117 subjects, recently taken medications, age and sex must be considered when duration of the Achilles-tendon reflex is used as a clinical test to assess thyroid status. Males have a shorter ATR than females. In older subjects the ATR lasts longer than in those below age 27. Fifty-two psychiatric patients before medication did not differ in ATR duration from 65 controls. However, after 28 patients took chlorpromazine and 24 received trifluoperazine, ATR was prolonged in the chlorpromazine group and shortened in the trifluoperazine group. Neither chlorpromazine concentrate, 1,800 mg, nor trifluoperazine concentrate, 180 mg, given during the first six days, affected ATR, but an additional 6,000 mg of chlorpromazine, or an additional 420 mg of trifluoperazine over the next six days, did significantly alter ATR-duration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00403582
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Doxepin and diazepam in general practice and hospital clinic neurotic patients: A collaborative controlled study (1969)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 15 (1969), S. 265-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Psychopharmacology ; Doxepin ; Diazepam ; Anti-Anxiety ; Antidepressant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Doxepin and diazepam were evaluated for therapeutic effectiveness in a double blind study carried out with 69 primarily anxious neurotic outpatients attending either a municipal hospital clinic or a general practitioner's office. Doxepin produced more clinical improvement than diazepam in several questionnaire clusters measuring depressive symptomatology, but not in clusters measuring anxious symptomatology. According to several outcome criteria, doxepin tended to produce more clinical improvement in general practice than in clinic patients, while diazepam produced either equal improvement in both populations or slightly more improvement in the clinic. Possibly contributing to the present results are low daily dosage of diazepam, differential pharmacological drug effects, population differences in levels of anxiety and depression, and differences in population characteristics, primarily as related to social class.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00401681
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Cannabis sativa and lysergic acid diethylamide on a visual discrimination task in pigeons (1969)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 15 (1969), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Cannabis (Marihuana) ; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide ; Hallucinogens (Psychopharmacology) ; Visual Perception ; Psychopharmacology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Four pigeons were trained on a visual discrimination task which required conditional responding along the independent dimensions of form and color. High doses of Cannabis sativa (marihuana) extract and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), which were equated on the basis of their effectiveness in suppressing responding, increased responding on a color dimension but not on a form dimension. High doses of LSD produced a decrement in discrimination performance while comparable doses of Cannabis did not effect accuracy. Treatment with Bromolysergic acid diethylamide, saline, and pentobarbital did not produce significant changes in performance. Results are discussed in terms of a break-down in stimulus control and central hallucinogenic activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00410795
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The interaction of amphetamine and body weight on a food-reinforced operant (1969)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 15 (1969), S. 64-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Amphetamine ; Dextro Amphetamine ; Psychopharmacology ; Conditioning, Operant ; Pharmacodynamics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Bar pressing was maintained by food reinforcement of each fiftieth response (FR50 schedule). Rats were tested at 3 levels of food deprivation (60, 80 and 100% of ad libitum body weight) under three drug conditions (0, 0.2 and 0.4 mg of D-amphetamine per rat). Overall response rate was reduced by increasing doses of drug, but not significantly by deprivation, within the range studied. The components of response rate were analysed separately into the starting speed (latency of the first response of each ratio run of 50 responses) and running rate. Drug level affected running rate and first latency of the session, whereas body weight affected only first latency of the session. Only the first latency of the session showed an interaction of drug level and body weight. The lack of interaction raises the question, whether amphetamine is more properly administered as total dose per rat, rather than proportional to body weight.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00410802
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Action de la psilocybine sur le comportement d'un cercopithecinae papio-papio (1969)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 15 (1969), S. 109-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Psychopharmacology ; Hallucinogens ; Drug Effects ; Behavior Exploratory ; Monkeys
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of Psilocybin on the behavior of the baboon Papiopapio has been studied. Animal watchfulness, as estimated from the E.E.G., is enhanced within the first five minutes after injection and then is not further modified. Psilocybin induces a decrease of spontaneous motility. Conversely, the frequency of eye movements is considerably increased. This pattern might be explained by alterations of visual perception.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00407043
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reversible crosslinking in cellulose. I. Determination of mercaptan and disulfide in modified cotton (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 1845-1858 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Mercaptan and disulfide contents of modified cotton fabrics could be determined by application of Leach's polarographic method for wool, with minor modification.It was found that mercaptocellulose prepared by the reaction of tosyl cellulose and potassium thiolacetate followed by alkaline hydrolysis contained considerable amounts of disulfided in addition to mercaptain. Iodometric titration of mercaptocellulose gave a higher value of mercaptan than that obtained by the polarographic method. The mercaptan and disulfide contents and methylene blue uptake of the iodine-treated samples indicate that some of the mercaptan groups further undergo oxidation to acidic groups as a result of the iodine treatment.The spatial effect in the oxidation of mercapto groups in modified cotton is briefly discussed.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130904
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Urethanes. I. Organometallic catalysis of the reaction of alcohols with isocyanatesPresented in part at the First Northeast Regional Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Boston, October 1968. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 1929-1936 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The catalysis of the reaction of n-butyl alcohol with isocyanates, using organometallic derivatives of lead, tin, and mercury, has been investigated. The rate of the reaction was measured by following the disappearance of the isocyanate absorption in the infrared. Phenyl, n-butyl, and cyclohexyl isocyanate were chosen to represent typical aromatic primary and secondary aliphatic isocyanates. Within the same series of catalysts, RnMOAc, the catalytic effect decreases in the order RHg 〉 R3Sn 〉 R3Pb; and in all cases R = aryl 〉 R = alkyl. The electronic effects of substituents on the aryl moiety are not pronounced. Changes in X of RnMX greatly affect the catalytic activity. The mechanism of organometallic catalysis of the alcohol-isocyanate reaction occurs via a template-type mechanism whereby the catalyst acts to complex both reactants in a catalyst phase allowing the reaction to occur with greater facility.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130912
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radical polymerization of N-vinylcaprolactam in homogeneous solution. II (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 1-7 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The polymerization of N-vinylcaprolactam in toluene, dioxane, chlorobenzene, dimethylformamide, and ethylene carbonate with various peroxides, perbenzoates and azobisisobutyronitrile as initiators at 60-80°C, was studied. Under these conditions azobisisobutyronitrile and tert-butyl perbenzoate have satisfactory activity as initiators. Under these conditions N-vinylcaprolactam polymerization in homogeneous solution is first order towards the monomer and 0.5 order towards the initiators.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130101
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photo-oxidation of phenoxy resin (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 9-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A study has been made of the photolysis and photo-oxidation of phenoxy resin. Photolysis results in the evolution of hydrogen, methane, ethane, propene, propane, toluene, and the oxides of carbon. Also observed are increased yellowing, a rapid rise in gel content, and a decrease in intrinsic viscosity and elongation. Photo-oxidation causes similar changes, but produces oxidized chain fragments, more gel, and less yellowing as well as broad absorptions in the hydroxyl and carbonyl regions of the infrared spectrum. A free-radical mechanism is proposed in which both chain scission and crosslinking occur.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130102
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Apparent anomalous thermal behavior of polymers undergoing a glass transition (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 2069-2072 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Glass transitions in certain polymer samples were detected as a step change in a DTA trace in the exothermic sense. This anomaly is explained as a manifestation of the volume relaxation shown to occur at the glass transition in internally strained samples.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070131004
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Graft copolymerization of styrene with carbon black-alkali metal complex (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 2057-2068 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: It was found that an ion radical complex is formed by the reaction of carbon black with an alkali metal (Li, Na, K) in tetrahydrofuran. The graft copolymerization of styrene with carbon black was carried out using the ion radical complexes as initiator, and free polystyrene and carbon black-polystyrene graft copolymer were obtained. The identification of the graft copolymer with carbon black was carried out by fractionation and thermal degradation. The initiation activity of the alkali metals increased in the order Li 〈 Na 〈 K. The effect of the particle size of the carbon black on the graft copolymerization was studied.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070131003
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  • 30
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    Electronic Resource
    The continuum interpretation for fracture and adhesionBased upon a lecture delivered at the Wayne State University, Polymer Conference Series, Detroit, Michigan, May 14, 1968. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 29-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: From the viewpoint of continuum mechanics, and particularly the energy concept of fracture, adhesive and cohesive failures are similar. The essential difference involves the interpretation of the energy required to create new (adhesive or cohesive) surface area. A simple pressurized disk test is described for measuring the adhesive value for a bonded elastomer, and an application to a debonding problem in engineering design is given.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130105
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Swelling of cotton in alkalis and acids (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 41-54 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A study of the swelling of Acala 4-42 cotton in aqueous alkalis and acids has been carried out. The degree of swelling of the cotton in the reagents has been indicated by measurement of the variations in width of the cotton at its widest point. The nature of the swelling process whether interfibrillar or intrafibrillar has been deduced from microscopical and x-ray evidence. It has been shown that a similarity of shape of the swelling curves, i.e., an equal degree of swelling in the same or other reagents, does not imply the same mechanism of swelling. The results are more readily explained in terms of the crystalline-fibril theory than by the fringe-micellar theory, especially when high degrees of swelling have been achieved.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130106
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  • 32
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    Electronic Resource
    High-temperature mechanical behavior of PVC: A comparison of suspension- and emulsion-prepared polymers (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 55-67 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: We have investigated the high temperature mechanical behavior of several unplasticized emulsion- and suspension-prepared whole polymers, and carried out molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, and branching characterization studies on these same materials. It is concluded that the easier workability of the emulsion product is probably due to the absence of a considerable amount of high molecular weight polymer in these as compared to suspension-prepared polymers of equal average molecular weight as reflected by intrinsic viscosity determinations of Fikentscher K values.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130107
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  • 33
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    Electronic Resource
    Calcium stearate-stearic acid as lubricants for rigid poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). Capillary rheometer measurements and extrusion properties (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 69-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Capillary rheometer measurements show that stearic acid can be characterized as a normal lubricant. If the content of stearic acid is increased in rigid PVC formulations, the melt viscosity will decrease. This leads to a corresponding increase of shear rate and volumetric flow rate. The influence of calcium stearate is opposite to the normal characteristic of a lubricant. Increasing amounts of calcium stearate lead to an increased melt viscosity and a decreased shear rate and volumetric flow rate. In the extrusion of rigid PVC, the apparent “lubricating” effect of calcium stearate is probably due to the increased friction with resulting heat evolution and higher mass temperature, leading to a decreased viscosity of the plastic melt. This is in agreement with the results of the extrusion experiments. Both mass temperature and power consumption decrease when stearic acid is added and increase when calcium stearate is added to the formulation.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130108
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  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Failure mechanisms in peeling of pressure-sensitive adhesive tape (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 2193-2207 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Studies on the peel behavior of pressure-sensitive tape comprising a polyester backing and polyacrylate adhesive have shown that, in peeling from a plane glass surface, three fundamentally different modes of peeling may be distinguished, depending upon the rate of pulling. At low rates, deformation by flow of the adhesive appears to determine the peel behavior and the peel force is strongly rate dependent. At high rates, little or no viscous deformation of the adhesive occurs and the peel force is independent of rate. At intermediate pulling rates, cyclical instability of made of failure involving alternate storage and dissipation of elastic energy in the backing, results in the phenomenon of “slip-stick” peeling, in which failure is jerky and regular. Results have been obtained which show how the pulling rates at which transitions from one mode of peel to another occur, and the peel force values for a given type of failure, depend upon such factors as molecular weight of adhesive, thickness of backing film, and angle of peeling.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070131014
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  • 35
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    Electronic Resource
    Photocrosslinking of stilbene-modified polymers (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 2247-2255 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The reactions of trans-2,5-dimethoxy-4′-aminostilbene with poly(maleic anhydride-co-methylvinyl ether) and trans-2,5-dimethoxy-4′-isocyanatostilbene with poly(oxy-1,4-phenyleneisopropylidene:1,4-phenyleneoxy-2-hydroxytrimethylene) yield polymeric systems which undergo rapid crosslinking upon short exposure to ultraviolet light. The extent of photocrosslinking as a function of exposure time was determined by the decrease of the trans-stilbene ultraviolet absorption at 350 nm.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070131018
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  • 36
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    Electronic Resource
    Reactions of halogenated 1,2-epoxypropanes and diethylaminoethyl cottonPresented in part before the Division of Cellulose, Wood, and Fiber Chemistry at the 154th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Chicago, Illinois, September 1967. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 81-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-cotton has been reacted with epichlorohydrin (1,2-epoxy-3-chloropropane) neat, in alcoholic solvents, and in aprotic solvents at temperatures ranging from 25 to 95°C. Fabric properties and electron micrographs of fibers removed from these chemically treated DEAE cottons have been compared with those obtained when DEAE-cottons were treated under similar conditions with other halogenated 1,2-epoxypropanes, and with 1,2-epoxy-4,4,4-trichlorobutane. For comparative purposes, epichlorohydrin was reacted with an aminized cotton containing primary amine groups, with cotton containing quarternary ammonium groups, and with DEAE-cottons in which the tertiary amine groups had been quaternized. For reaction at 95°C with net epichlorohydrin, greatest increase in conditioned wrinkle recovery was observed with DEAE-cottons. Only with DEAE-cottons were the add-ons and recovery angles imparted by epichlorohydrin affected by the anion associated with the amine groups. None of the halogenated 1,2-epoxypropanes reacted with unmodified cotton in the absence of a basic catalyst. Those that reacted with unmodified cotton in the presence of an external base catalyst did not improve conditioned recovery angles. The mono-, di-, and trichloro-1,2-epoxypropanes all increased the conditioned and wet wrinkle recovery of DEAE-cotton when reacted neat at 95°C. The type of oxirane ring opening of epoxypropanes was shown to be influenced by the degree of chlorination of the carbon alpha to the ring. Both primary amine groups and quaternary amine groups catalyzed the epichlorohydrin-cellulose reaction. Dilution of epichlorohydrin with alcohols or decreasing reaction temperature lowered add-ons and improvements in wrinkle recovery properties. Use of aprotic solvents for the DEAE-cotton-epichlorohydrin reaction gave finished cotton fabrics having only high wet wrinkle recovery properties.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130109
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  • 37
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The manganic hydroxide-hydrazine hydrate system as an initiator of vinyl polymerization (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 2333-2340 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The reaction of hydrazine hydrate with manganic hydroxide and its application to the solution polymerization of methyl methacrylate has been studied. The kinetic evidence suggests that the hydrazine and the monomer are both adsorbed on the surface of the manganic hydroxide sol and that the decomposition of the hydrazine and the polymerization of the methyl methacrylate follow zero-order kinetics. The rate of polymerization increases slowly with increasing temperature, the activation energy for the polymerization being 4.9 ± 0.2 kcal/mole.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070131109
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  • 38
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    Electronic Resource
    Properties of blends containing petroleum jelly and 4-methyl-pentene-1 (TPX-RT-D30) (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 2383-2395 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The properties of 4-methyl-pentene-1 polymer (TPX-RT-D30) were altered by blending petroleum jelly (P.J.) with the polymer. The polymer was blended with up to 40% by weight P. J. The plasticization of the polymer by the P. J. apparently allows high molecular weight fractions of the polymer to crystallize and influences the crystalline size and perfection. Tensile properties of the blends showed both a break and yield value in all ratios as compared to only a break value for the pure polymer. Breaking strength ranged from 4000 psi for the polymer to 1000 psi at 40% P. J. The samples had a “necking down” effect at 10% P. J. Modulus decreased from 1.8 × 104 (literature value 2.1 × 105) to 2.3 × 104 at 40% P. J. Brittle point values varied from above room temperature to 5°C at 40% P. J. The Vicat softening point ranged from 181°C for the polymer to 87°C at 40% P. J. Differential thermal analysis (Stone) showed a melting point depression from 235°C to 218°C at 40% P. J.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070131113
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  • 39
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    Electronic Resource
    Determination of the extent of reaction for the system carboxyl-terminated polybutadiene-epoxide beyond the gel point by infrared spectroscopy (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 2439-2445 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Curing reactions were investigated after the gel point, using infrared transmittance and reflection spectrophotometric techniques. In the system carboxyl-terminated polybutadiene (CTPB)/Epon X801 or Epotuf STF-6, catalyzed with Fe(III)-acetyl-acetonate (FeAA), at an equivalent ratio of carboxyl to epoxide groups, the final extent of reaction of COOH groups was found to be between 64% and 77% for eight CTPB samples. Increasing the ratio of epoxide to carboxyl groups (up to 1.6) resulted in an increase in the conversion, but the complete reaction of COOH groups could not be accomplished. The final extent of reaction also depends upon the functionality of the crosslinking agent. The lower the functionality of the epoxide, the higher the conversion of COOH groups. The use of chromium naphthenate as a catalyst for epoxide-COOH reactions gave higher conversions than FeAA. This result is related to side reactions catalyzed by the chromium naphthenate. The change in mechanical properties and the change in extent of reaction were followed simultaneously; it was found that no further development of mechanical properties occurred when the curing reaction between COOH and epoxide groups had ceased.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070131117
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  • 40
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    Thermal conductivity, specific heat, and dynamic mechanical behavior of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol a cured with m-phenylenediamine (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 2411-2425 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The thermal conductivity, specific heat, and dynamic mechanical behavior of an epoxide system have been investigated over a relatively wide temperature range. Effects of nonstoichiometric amine concentrations and postcure heat treatments were included in the study. The thermal conductivity behavior was found to be related to the extent of cure of the poxy system, but in general the results were typical of an amorphous polymer. Calorimetric determinations were used to study the curing reaction and the glasslike transition temperature for the various systems. Dynamic mechanical results were employed to delinearte the various internal relaxations of the cured materials and in some instances to permit correlation of relaxations with the thermal conductivity and the specific heat results. From comparison of present results to those of a previous paper, the activation energy for the relaxation process occurring near 270°K has been estimated to be 16 kcal/mole.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070131115
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  • 41
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    X-ray studies on cellophane1 (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 2459-2468 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: X-Ray diffractograms of cellophane showed a considerable variation in the intensity corresponding to the 101, 101, and 002 planes. Applications of generally accepted procedures for estimating crystalline content in cellulosic materials yields varying results for crystallimity in cellophane. It is concluded that such procedures are not applicable to cellophane used in this study.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070131119
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  • 42
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    Electronic Resource
    Effect of secondary polymer structure on the drag-reducing phenomenon (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 2499-2503 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070131122
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  • 43
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    Electronic Resource
    Voids as a source of haze in weathered poly(2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutylene carbonate)Presented before the American Physical Society, Division of High Polymer Physics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, March 1969. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 2483-2497 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Long-term weathering studies of the subject transparent thermoplastic polymer revealed that sheets extruded from pristine resine gradually became hazy. Electron microscopy of fracture surfaces showed that minute voids were created during outdoor exposure. By the application of the Mie light scattering theory, it was possible to calculate that the average void size was 4 × 103 Å and that the concentration of voids numbered about 106/mm3. Yet the total void volume of the poorest sample, which had a haze value of 26%, was less than 0.05%. The average void size decreased over a three-year period, but the concentration increased with exposure. A mechanism of void formation was formulated based on photo-induced moleculàr degradation. Chemical evidence suggests that molecular degradation occurs by complete unzippering of a molecule, resulting in the formation of carbon dioxide and 2,2,4-trimethylpentene-3-al. The aldehyde is believed to plasticize the polymer in the vicinity of a growing void and the carbon dioxide acts as a blowing agent, therby generating a void. Simultaneously, free radicals formed during molecular decomposition initiate further degradation of neighboring molecules. The propensity of this resin to haze can be effectively overcome by suitable cleanup and stabilization procedures.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070131121
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    Comparaison des méthodes de fractionnement par chromatographie de perméation et par gradient d'elution pour la détermination des répartitions moléculaires des polypropylénes (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 205-213 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Molecular weight distributions for polypropylene samples have been determined by a permeation fractionation method (GPC). Porous silica beads were used as a packing material for the columns. The set of columns allows a good separation of the polypropylene macromolecular chains in a range of molecular weights from 5000 to 1.5 × 106, and the thermal and mechanical stabilities of these beads are very good. The calibration has been carried out with fractions of polypropylene of narrow molecular weight distribution prepared by a large-scale column fractionation. The molecular weights M̄w and M̄n and the ratios M̄w/M̄n calculated from the GPC curves show, in general, good agreement with the ones calculated from the column fractionation curves. However, the M̄w/M̄n ratios are always highter in the case of GPC fractionation. This could be due to diffusion phenomena.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130119
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  • 45
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    Electronic Resource
    Storage-stable epoxy B-stage resins (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 227-232 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: N-Substituted β-aminopropionhydrazides, RNHC2h4CONHNH2, were prepared by the Michael addition of primary amines to acrylic esters. The adducts were converted to the corresponding hydrazides. The aminohydrazides react readily with terminal epoxides at moderate temperatures yeilding B-stage resins of excellent storage stability. When powdered B-stage resins are sprayed on hot metal (150-230°C.), a smooth cross-linked coating is formed in less than 3 min. The coatings have unusually high elasticity, they pass the Olson button test. For best performance the amine used should have the primary amino group attached to either a primary carbon atom or directly to an aromatic nucleus. Aminohydrazides with the following R. Groups have been prepared: methyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, phenyl, cyclohexyl, benzyl, octyl, dodecyl, and octadecyl.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130121
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  • 46
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    Electronic Resource
    Permeability to water of glow discharge-treated nitrocellulose (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 249-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130124
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  • 47
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    Electronic Resource
    Reversible melt flow rate increase of branched acetal polymers (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 233-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Continued shearing of molten long-chain branched acetal polymers raises their melt flow rates manyfold. The increase is not due to molecular degradation, as evidenced by constancy of inherent viscosity, and by the ability to reverse the increase by dissolving and reprecipitating the polymer. Shearing was found to have only a relatively small effect upon the melt viscosity but a very large effect upon the entrance correction for capillary flow. It is suggested that crystallization of branched polymers from solution creates an exceptionally strong entanglement network, and that the observed rheological changes reflect the disruption by shear of this network.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130122
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  • 48
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    Electronic Resource
    Oxygen consumption during induction period of a photopolymerizing system (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 241-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Based on a simple, general kinetic scheme for the inhibition reaction of a photopoly-merizing system, a solution is obtained for the differential equation which describes the oxygen concentration profile as a function of exposure time, light intensity, and absorption coefficient. The effect of the absorption coefficient on the oxygen concentration in a polymer slab is evaluated by numerical computation.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130123
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  • 49
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    Electronic Resource
    Temperature-dependence of the diffusion constants of rigid, closed-cell foams (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 251-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130125
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  • 50
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    Electronic Resource
    The influence of intermolecular hydrogen bonding on the flow behavior of polymer melts (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 2721-2733 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The influence of hydrogen bonding on the flow behavior of polymer melts at high shear rate has been investigated using a capillary extrusion rheometer. The systems studied were copolymers of ethylene and acrylic or methacrylic acid. Hydrogen bonding was found to substantially enhance both flow activation energy and viscosity level, as well as the degree of dependence of viscosity on rate of shear. It was also found that hydrogen bonding does not influence the critical shear stress for onset of “melt fracture.” The data support the view that hydrogen bonds act effectively as temporary (quasi-) crosslinks during the short time scales of deformation involved in flow at high shear rates.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070131219
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    Electronic Resource
    Effect of oxygen on intensity exponents of radiation-induced polymerization rates (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 2705-2719 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Gamma radiation-induced graft polymerization to natural rubber in benzene solution (solution grafting), graft polymerization to natural rubber latex (Emulsion grafting), and emulsion polymerization of three vinyl monomers - styrene (St), methyl methacrylate (MMA) and acrylonitrile (AN), were carried out under air atmosphere to compare the radiation intensity exponent of each polymerization rate under air atmosphere with that under nitrogen atmosphere or under vacuum. The intensity exponents of the solution grafting both under air atmosphere and under exclusion of air were found to be numerals near one half. This indicates prevailing normal radical mechanism. However, the intensity exponents of the emulsion grafting under air atmosphere were found to be 0.94, 1.00, and 0.82 for St, MMA, and AN, respectively, and those of the emulsion polymerization under air atmosphere, 0.16 and 0.15 for St and MMA, respectively, although those of both emulsion grafting and emulsion polymerization under exclusion of air were found to be numerals near to one half except for that of emulsion polymerization of AN. For emulsion grafting, the initiating species is considered to be trunk polymer radical but the terminating species is assumed to be the radical(s) produced in the water phase in the presence of oxygen. For emulsion polymerization, both initiating and terminating species are assumed to be the radical(s) produced in the water phase in the presence of oxygen.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070131218
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    Studies in chemically modified celluloses. I. Oxidative susceptibility of chemically, modified cellulose (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 323-336 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The oxidative susceptibility to different oxidizing agents such as dichromate-sulfuric acid, dichromate-oxalic acid and sodium hypochlorite in presence of leuco Cibanone Orange R of cellulose oxidized with sodium metaperiodate and its corresponding borohydride-reduced product was studied and compared with that of cellulose. From the changes in the chemical properties of the oxidixed products, an attempt was made to study the mechanism of oxidation of periodate oxycellulose and sodium borohydride-reduced periodate oxycellulose with the above mentioned oxidizing agents.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130205
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  • 53
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    Analysis of the volatile combustion products of vinyl plastics (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 377-391 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The extensive use of plastics for insulation and building materials has created interest in the possible toxicity of their combustion products. Three poly(vinyl chloride) homopolymers, a vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, and formulations of two of the homopolymers and the copolymer have been examined to determine the composition and toxicity of their combustion products. Differential thermal analysis and thermal gravimetric analysis were used to study the breakdown process which occurred in several steps, the largest and first being the release of hydrogen chloride from the polymer at about 300°C. Approximately 50 products of combustion were then determined qualitatively by using either infrared spectroscopy or a combination of gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy. Quantitative analyses were carried out on 22 of the combustion products, and quantitative changes with varying air supply, temperature, and heating rate were determined. A comparison of the products of the polymers and their formulations is given.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130211
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    Anelastic and dielectric effects in polymeric solids, N. G. McCrum, B. E. Read, and G. Williams, Wiley, New York, 1967. pp. 617. $25.00 (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 397-397 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130214
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    Testing of polymers, vol. 3, J. V. Schmitz and W. E. Brown, Eds., Interscience, New York, 1967. 379 pp., $19.50 (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 399-399 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130216
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    Encyclopedia of polymer science and technology, vol. 8 keratin to modacrylic fibers. H. F. MARK, N. G. GAYLORD, and N. M. BIKALES, Eds., Interscience, New York, 1968. pp. xiii + 839. Subscription $40.00, single copy $50.00 (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 398-398 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130215
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    Thermal degradation of polymers. II further thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis studies of atactic poly(m-aminostyrene) homopolymers, copolymers, and related polymers (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 401-415 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis have been employed to study the effect on the thermal degradation pattern in static air of the molecular weight of poly(m-aminostyrene) homopolymers and copolymers with styrene. Related substituted styrene polymers and copolymers with styrene have also been studied in order to assess the effect of introduction of amino, substituted amino, and hydroxy groupings into a polystyrene main chain. The effect of these groupings on the thermal stability of the polymers as compared with polystyrene suggests that the inherent antioxidant characteristics of the subtituent grouping plays the major role in stabilization. A molecular weight effect has been shown to be operative for m-aminostyrene, p-N,N-dimethylaminostyrene, and m-hydroxystyrene polymers. This manifests itself in terms of different thermograms rather than by significantly influencing the procedural decomposition temperatures, although a trend is seen.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130301
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    Kinetics of contraction of drawn nylon 66 in aqueous phenol (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 427-436 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The rate of contraction of drawn nylon 66 in aqueous phenol was investigated, and a method is described for correlating this contraction with a series of elementary rate processes. The rate constants so obtained were analyzed by absolute rate theory, and the variations of ΔH† and ΔS† with phenol concentration gave evidence of the nature of the reaction steps.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130303
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  • 59
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    Analysis of condensation polymerization reactors. III. Continuous reactors (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 561-570 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The kinetic model for polycondensation reactions has been derived and techniques for validating the model have been described in Parts I and II of this work. This paper is concerned with using the results of Part I and II for the analysis and design of continuous polycondensation reactors.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130401
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  • 60
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    Tensile testing device for measurements on polymeric materials between -100 and +150°C. Mechanical behavior of cellulose in liquid media (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 571-576 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A tensile testing device for measurements on polymer samples while immersed in a liquid is described. The temperature range is approximately -100 to +150°C. The sample older containing the immersion liquid is an all-glass container attached to a modified tensile testing device. The thermostatting and recording equipment is also described. Stress-strain curves obtained with monofilaments of regenerated cellulose immersed in n-pentane and liquid ammonia are shown. For filaments in n-pentane the variation of the modulus of elasticity with temperature down to -40°C is also reported as a further example of the applicability of the new device.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130402
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  • 61
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    Effect of molecular weight on changes produced in the surface layer of polystyrene film in a nitrogen atmosphere by ultraviolet irradiation (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 599-606 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The effect of molecular weight on the changes in the surface layer of polystyrene films on near-ultraviolet irradiation has been studied in a nitrogen atmosphere at 25°C. Changes produced by irradiation were followed by determining the amount of solvent-insoluble portions, the molecular weight changes, and the intrinsic viscosity changes. Most crosslinking took place in the range of the transmissible depth of 2537 Å light. Low molecular weight samples formed a small amount of solvent-insoluble material. High molecular weight samples formed a large amount of solvent-insoluble material. In the range above a certain molecular weight, the amount of solvent-insoluble material approached an asymptotic value with increasing molecular weight, because of the limited penetration of 2537 Å light. Since most crosslinking took place in the range of the transmissible depth of 2537 Å light, the average number of crosslinks in the solvent-soluble portions was influenced by the amount of solvent-insoluble material. Low molecular weight samples produced many crosslinks. High molecular weight samples produced a few crosslinks. In the range above a certain molecular weight, the average number of crosslinks in the solvent soluble portions approached an asymptote with increasing molecular weight. Chain scission seems to have occurred in every sample.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130404
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  • 62
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    Structure of porous cellulose acetate membranes and a method for improving their performance in reverse osmosis (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 637-657 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Experimental data support the hypothesis that the surface layer of the asymmetric Loeb-Sourirajan type porous cellulose acetate membranes has a heterogeneous microporous structure. A general method is proposed for improving the performance of the above membranes in reverse osmosis, by which product rates are increased without decreasing solute separation. The method consists in pumping pure water past the back side of the membrane under just enough pressure for a sufficiently prolonged period of time; after such pretreatment, the membrane is used in the reverse osmosis experiments in the normal manner with the surface layer facing the feed solution. Back-pressure treatment at 400 psig for 85 hr on preshrunk and normally pressure-treated membranes increases the product rate by over 20% without decreasing solute separation in reverse osmosis experiments at 600 psig with the use of 0.5 wt-% NaCl-H2O feed solutions; with a different sequence of back-pressure treatment, similar results have been obtained in reverse osmosis experiments at 1500 psig also. The compaction effect of a normal membrane and that of a back pressure treated membrane are the same during continuous reverse osmosis operation under 600 psig; the effects of back-pressure treatment on a normal membrane and a compacted membrane are also the same. The pure water permeability data obtained in cyclic experiments show that the smaller pores on the surface layer are opened more than the bigger ones during the back side operation. The probable structural changes taking place in the film during back-pressure treatment are discussed.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130407
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    Permeation of gases through modified polymer films. I. Polyethylene-styrene graft copolymersBased on a paper presented at the 17th Canadian Chemical Engineering Conference, Niagara Falls, Ontario, October 16-18, 1967. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 669-683 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The permeabilities of nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide through polyethylene-styrene graft copolymer films were measured by means of a gas permeability apparatus based on a modification of Barrer's high vacuum technique. Polyethylene-styrene grafts were prepared by mutual γ-ray irradiation of low-density polyethylene films in styrene-methanol solution. Densities and thicknesses of the graft copolymer films were determined. It was observed that the gas permeability constants decreased with increasing grafting to minimum values at 20-30% styrene grafting and increased again above 30% grafting. These results are explained in terms of a decrease in the free volume of the amorphous regions of the polyethylene by a “filling in” effect of the grafted polystyrene chains. Above 30% grafting, disruption of the crystallites may occur resulting in increased gas permeation. Activation energies for gas permeation through polyethylene-styrene graft copolymer films were calculated and found to decrease with increasing per cent styrene grafting. For nitrogen permeation, the activation energy decreased from 11.7 kcal/mole for unirradiated polyethylene to 9.5 kcal/mole for a 50.5% graft. Corresponding values for oxygen and carbon dioxide were 10.2-8.2 kcal/mole for a 48.7% graft and 8.4-6.5 kcal/mole for a 50.5% graft.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130409
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  • 64
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    Chemically crosslinked high-density polyethylene (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 713-720 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Chemical crosslinking of high-density polyethylene was studied. The amount of gel produced by a given peroxide concentration depends on the molecular weight of the polymer. More scission reactions, during the crosslinking process, occur in low-density than in high-density polyethylene crosslinked with Varox and Luperox 130 peroxides. The rheological behavior of partially crosslinked polyethylene is useful and convenient for quality control, for characterization, and for studies on the various mechanisms associated with the crosslinking process.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130411
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  • 65
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    Correction of instrument spreading in gel-permeation chromatography (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 775-784 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Present methods of correcting instrument spreading (resolution correction) in GPC are either too cumbersome to use or inaccurate when the correction is large. Two new methods which are both accurate and simple to use are presented in this work. The first method using the technique of Fourier analysis is more general and can be used to correct non-Gaussian instrument spreading. The second method using a fourth-degree polynomial requires a Gaussian instrument spreading function. The instrument spreading function may vary with respect to the elution volume in both methods.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130416
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  • 66
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    Disorder in cellulosic fibersThis paper was presented at the Institute of Physics and the Physical Society X-Ray Analysis Group Spring Conference held at the University of York, United Kingdom, April, 1968. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 785-795 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Ruland's concept of an isotropic disorder function is applied to estimate the disorder parameter and the degree of crystallinity in a few cellulosic fibers: two cottons, native ramie, and a high-tenacity rayon. The results indicate an increase in disorder without any change in crystallinity on mercerization of native celluloses. On hydrolysis, with or without a pretreatment of mercerization, the samples exhibit a higher crystallinity, disorder remaining the same as for native celluloses. A ball-milled sample of “amorphous” cellulose is still found to be fairly crystalline with the lowest disorder. On being wetted in water and oven-dried, a distorted form of cellulose II with higher crystallinity and disorder was obtained. The polynosic fiber, Tufcel, has low values for the degree of crystallinity, disorder parameter, as well as crystallite dimension. A strong dependence of the degree of crystallinity on the crystallite size, particularly the lateral, is observed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130417
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  • 67
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    Attachment of amino groups to polymer surfaces by radiofrequency plasmas (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 807-816 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Low temperature gaseous plasmas of ammonia or nitrogen-hydrogen mixtures contain —NH2 groups, or precursors thereof, formed in the plasma, which experimental evidence strongly suggests, can add to various polymer surfaces. The plasmas were established in the 0.3-1.5 torr range by radiofrequency (13.56 MHz) electrodeless excitation at powers ranging from 50 to 500 W. Samples of polypropylene, poly(vinyl chloride), polytetrafluorethylene, polycarbonate, polyurethane, and poly(methl methacrylate) were investigated. All these polymers added amino groups to varying degrees of amino site densities depending on the choice of plasma parameters and the reactivity of the polymer itself. In every instance the polymer was rendered more wettable, although no quantitative wettability measurements were made. Following the plasma treatment, degrees of amino attachment to the polymer were followed radiometrically and reported in terms of “heparin thicknesses” resulting from ionic heparin —35S attachment to quaternary sites produced from the amino groups. Two implications of such a surface modification are to adhesion and blood compatible materials preparation.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130419
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  • 68
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    Spin orientation during acrylic fiber formation by wet-spinning (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 817-826 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The molecular orientation acquired during fiber formation of acrylic fibers by wetspinning has been studied. Orientation was detected by measurements of sonic modulus which were converted into an orientation factor. The orientation correlates very well with the ratio of take-up velocity to the freely extreuded velocity. Several mechanisms for the origin of spin orientation are discussed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130501
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  • 69
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    Effect of mastication on molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of EPDM polymer and SBRPresented to the Division of Rubber Chemistry, 155th Meeting, American Chemical Society, Cleveland, Ohio, April 23-26, 1968. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 797-805 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: EPDM and SBR were masticated on an open mill. The temperature range of mastication for EPDM was 68-480°F. SBR was milled at 170-200°F. The gel-permeation chromatography analyses were made on the masticated samples. For EPDM at 68°F, molecular weight decreases and molecular weight distribution narrows with mastication time; the degradation process is nonrandom. At constant mastication time between 182 and 315°F, there is little change in molecular weight. Mastication for 18 min at 480°F broadens the molecular weight distribution; the degradation is random. For SBR at 170-200°F, molecular weight decreases and molecular weight distribution narrows with mastication time; the degradation process is also nonrandom. Nonrandom degradation for both EPDM and SBR results in a narrowing of the molecular weight distribution, without build-up of low molecular weight molecules, and without a shift in the peak molecular weight. This is contrary to nonrandom degradation of natural rubber where a shift in the peak molecular weight occurs with mastication time.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130418
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  • 70
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    Efficiency of nucleating additives in polypropylene (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 827-833 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Investigation of the nucleating ability of selected nucleating agents in various commercial types of isolactic polypropylene revealed that the efficiency of individual additives is not equal for all types of polypropylene. As to the nucleation mechanism, it can be supposed that in most cases the added nucleating agents act mainly secondarily, activating the heterogeneities originally present in the polymer.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130502
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  • 71
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    Strain magnification in polymer composites (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 867-869 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: We consider two approaches to strain magnification in a composite material, point out that they apply to different situations, and caution against misapplication of the equations derived.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130505
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  • 72
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    Study of the reaction of resorcinol, formaldehyde, and ammonia (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 835-849 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Latex dip adhesives for nylon and rayon tire cords are prepared by reacting resorcinol and formaldehyde in aqueous solution in the presence of a catalyst for a specified time and then adding a butadience-styrene-vinylpyridine latex. Ammonia improves the stability of the latex and increases the adhesion of rubber to cord. However, a white precipitate forms if ammonia is added before the resorcinol and formaldehyde have reacted sufficiently. This paper is study of the nature of this precipitate and the conditions for its formation. By measuring the heat of reaction of formaldehyde and ammonia and, subsequently, of mixtures of formaldehyde and resorcinol to which varying amounts of ammonia were added, information on the reaction mechanism has been obtained. Ammonia reacts rapidly with formaldehyde to form an unstable intermediate, presumably trimethylolamine, which then reacts further with resorcinol to form trisdihydroxybenzylamine. This compound is also very reactive and condenses withmore ammonia and formaldehyde to give a polymer of low solubility, the composition depending on the amounts of ammonia and formaldehyde available for reaction. Elemental analyses support this concept. Primary and secondary amines react in a maner similar to ammonia.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130503
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  • 73
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    Isothermal pyrolysis of cellulose: Kinetics and gas chromatographic mass spectrometric analysis of the degradation products (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 851-865 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Untreated and fire-retardant-treated white α-cellulose samples were isothermally pyrolyzed in a fluidized bath in a nitrogen environment at 298-360°C. Results were reported in terms of volatilization (based on weight loss-time measurements) and the degradation products (based on gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis). The findings products (based on gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis). The findings on untreated cellulose indicate that: (1) pyrolysis occurs in three distinct phases in the temperature range 276-360°C; (2) there is a single activation energy of 42 kcal/mole over this temperature range; (3) the initial rapid weight loss is not due to the desoprtion of water, but primarily to decomposition of the cellulose; molecules: (4) there is little difference in either the quality or relative quantity of the volatiles generated during the three different phases of pyrolysis. The findings on treated cellulose show that the fire retardant, KHCO3, does not markedly change the types of degradation products having molecular weights below about 110, althought it does change their relative concentrations. Furthermore, the rate of product generation and the quantity of residual char are increased.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130504
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  • 74
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    The effect of time and temperature on the mechanical behavior of a “plasticized” epoxy resin under different loading modesContribution HPC 68-67 from the Monsanto/Washington University Association sponsored by the Advanced Research Projects Agency, Department of Defense, under Office of Naval Research Contract No. N00014-67-C-0218. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 1231-1245 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Epoxy-Versamid specimens were loaded in tension, compression, and flexure at different strain rates and temperatures to determine mode of failure, yield stress and strain, and tangent and relaxation moduli. Stress-strain curves were used to define brittle, ductile, ductile-rubbery, and rubbery modes of behavior which prevailed in different temperature-strain rate regions. The time-temperature superposition principle was applied to yield stress, initial tangent moduli, and relaxation moduli data for all three types of loading.The transition regions, tangent and relaxation moduli, and shift factors were the same in tension, compression, and flexure. Thus the most convenient mode of loading can be used to determine the general time-temperature dependence. The ratio of compressive-to-tensile yield stress was almost constant over the entire ductile region. Flexural yielding data were used to predict yield stress in tension and compression, and stress relaxation master curves were shown to be related to elastic modulus vs. strain rate curves. The yielding phenomenon was interpreted using Eyring's theory of non-Newtonian viscoplastic flow. The apparent activation energy and activation volume were larger for tension than compression. A theory is offered to explain why yielding can occur in a cross-linked system.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130611
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  • 75
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    The thermal analyses of polymers. II. Thermomechanical analyses of segmented polyurethane elastomersPresented at the 156th Meeting of the Am. Chem. Soc., Atlantic City, 1968. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 1277-1288 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The development of new and more sensitive techniques in thermal analyses aids in a more complete understanding of the contributions of individual components in urethane elastomers regarding their mechanical and thermodynamic behavior. The behavior of various segments of the elastomers reported in this work illustrates a clearer interpretation of reasons for changes in mechanical behavior caused by changes in heat capacity, volume and tensile properties; the gross changes previously reported for polyurethane properties as a function of temperature are also confirmed with a more exact definition of their origin.The sub-ambient temperature behavior and response of physical measurements near the melting point of the backbone polyol are largely a function of the so-called “soft block.” The soft block does not contribute to the mechanical properties above the melting point of the polyol unless some urethane segments from the diisocyanate and extender are structured into the soft block, that is, excess diisocyanate and extender are added to build in the “hard” block. The extender and isocyanate influence for both low and high temperature properties is observed by the lack of molecular fit imparted to the backbone polyol as well as some crystallinity in the polymer hard block. The usual Tg transition reported in urethane elastomers corresponds to a first-order transition in the polyester or polyether backbone.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130615
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  • 76
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    Treatise on adhesion and adhesives. Volume I: Theory. Robert L. Patrick, Editor. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1967. XI + 476 pp. $21.75. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 1326-1326 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130622
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  • 77
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    Mechanisms of antioxidant action: Effects of sulfur compounds on the melt stability of polypropylene (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 1329-1335 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effects of a number of sulfur compounds on the melt stability of polypropylene milled at 165°C have been studied. Dilaurylthiodipropionate (DLTP), Mercaptobenzimidazole (MBI), and Mercaptobenzthiazole (MBT) are all antioxidiants in a polymer lightly stabilized with a phenolic antioxidant although the last two are initially pro-oxidants. 2,2′-Dibenzoylaminodiphenyldisulfide (22BDD) is a pro-oxidant under the Conditions studied.In the absence of a phenolic antioxidant the effectiveness of DLTP is reduced in the early stages of oxidation, with increasing concentration although its over all antioxidant activity increases. The results are consistent with the view that both radical and non-radical processes occur concomitantly.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130701
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  • 78
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    Several reactions of poly(vinyl alcohol)-type acetaldehyde polymer (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 1337-1351 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The preparation of the acetaldehyde polymers (PACH) having a poly(vinyl alcohol)-type structure and the thermal degradation of PACH have been reported previously. This paper will describe detailed aspects of several reactions of PACH. Copolymerization of PACH with toluene diisocyanate (TDI) was performed both thermally and catalytically. When piperidine was used as catalyst, the rate of reaction between PACH and TDI was found to depend on the concentration of both the active hydrogen of PACH and the isocynante group TDI. Acid and alkali treatment of PACH were carried out. On treatment with sulfuric acid, white polymers with good spinnability were obtained. The copolymerization of acetaldehyde with n-butylaldehyde were performed in the presence of sodium amalgam as catalyst. The reaction products were colorless, viscous liquids and assumed from the infrared and NMR spectra, elemental analyses, molecular weight and solubility tests to be aldol condensation-type copolymers.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130702
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  • 79
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    The continuous synthesis of addition polymers with a pricesely controlled average molecular weight and minimum polydispersity (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 1353-1371 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A novel technique for the control of continuous synthesis of addition polymers with precisely controlled average molecular weight and minimum polydispersity has been developed. A control system adjusts the concentration of chain-transfer agent in the reactor feed to compensate for all other upsets, in the reactor inputs: initiator and monomer concentrations, temperature and feed rate. The technique has been evaluated quantitatively on a digital computer using a kinetic model of homogeneous, free-radical solution polymerization. In computational tests, the modeled control system generally held the instantaneous number-average chain length within 1%, and quickly returned it to the desired value in response to a wide variety of upsets. By generalizing the Schulz distributions to include termination by disproportionation, combination and chain-transfer, it is shown that changes in the molecular-weight distribution resulting from the action of the control system are minor.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130703
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  • 80
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    Polymer reactors and molecular weight distribution. VIII. A method of interpreting skewed GPC chromatograms (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 1381-1419 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A new-method of interpreting GPC chromatograms which accounts for skewing and symmetrical axial dispersion has been developed. General relationships for a symmetrical axial dispersion correction and for a skewing correction are derived.The method has been verified experimentally for unimodal chromatograms and linear calibration curves over a wide range of GPC operating conditions, polymer molecular weights and polydispersities. Measurements of h and skewing factors were obtained by a once-through technique. The need for performing reverse flow experiments has been eliminated. Artificial oscillations in the corrected chromatogram due to step size (Method of Pierce-Armonas), and to number of terms in a polynomial expansion (Method of Tung and Method of Smith) are eliminated.The method has yet to be evaluated for nonlinear calibration curves and multi-modal distributions. However, suggestions for its application in these circumstances are presented.
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130705
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  • 81
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    Difluorocarbene modification of polymer and fiber surfaces (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 1523-1535 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Difluorocarbene (difluoromethylene, :CF2) generated by the pyrolysis of sodium chlorodifluoroacetate has been shown to irreversibly modify the surfaces of polymers and fibers. The critical surface tension values of several polymers are shown to decrease with increasing exposure to difluorocarbene vapors and ultimately approach the critical surface tension values of partially fluorinated polyethylenes. The rate-controlling step appears to be the diffusion of difluorocarbene from the precursor to the polymer substrate. The nature of the interaction between difluorocarbene and the polymer surface is unknown; however, the absence of infrared bands due to C—F bonds in attenuated total reflection measurements tends to establish the mono-molecular-like character of the modified surface.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130715
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  • 82
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    Effects of termonomers on crosslinking rate and crosslinking structure of ethylene propylene terpolymers (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 1509-1522 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Study was made concerning both the rate of crosslinking and the structure of crosslinks of terpolymers that have dicyclopentadiene, 1, 4-hexadiene, methylene norbornene, and ethylidene norbornene for termonomers so as to look into the role of termonomers during crosslinking of ethylene propylene terpolymers. In the study, activation energy and frequency factor, both apparent were determined by the rate constant of crosslinking and differences in crosslinks were analyzed following both chemical and physical methods. Infrared analysis into the volume of consumption of double bond was adopted to examine the manner of crosslinking. In respect to the magnitude of the rate constant, ethylidene norbornene came in first being followed by 1,4-hexadiene, methylene norbornene, and dicyclopentadiene. The structure of termoners affected the apparent activation energy and the apparent frequency factor was subject to the influences of said structure and others including the variation in the degree of unsaturation. During the early stage of crosslinking, the formation of the crosslink of polysulfide-type was paramount to all others and the speed of conversion therefrom either to disulfide-type or to monosulfide varied with the kind of terpolymers and was in proportion to the rate constant of crosslinking.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130714
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  • 83
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    Effect of crystalline structure on the trapped radical spectra of irradiated cellulosePaper presented in part at the IUPAC International Symposium on Macromolecular Chemistry, Toronto, Canada, September 3-6, 1968. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 1497-1507 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effects of crystalline modification of cellulose and of water on the ESR spectra generated by the trapped free radicals in gamma-irradiated celluloses were investigated for cotton cellulose I, II, III, and IV, partially decrystallized cotton cellulose, ballmilled cotton cellulose, hydrocelluloses of cellulose III and IV, and ramie. On irradiation of the celluloses, free radicals were formed on the cellulose molecule, probably following dehydrogenation or chain cleavage. The free radicals located within the less ordered or amorphous regions of the cellulose reacted readily with water and were terminated. The radicals located within the more ordered regions of the celluloses could be made accessible to reaction with water by the interaction of the celluloses with solvents which caused dimensional changes in the cellulosic structure. In the highly ordered regions of the celluloses, even after long periods of time in solvents which caused large dimensional changes in the cellulosic structure, the trapped free radicals were not terminated by reaction with solvent or water. The ESR spectra of the irradiated, dried celluloses were determined at -160°C, the single-line spectra recorded had line widths of about 18-24 gauss. On the absorption of water by the irradiated celluloses, the ESR spectra changed and were dependent on the crystalline structure of the irradiated celluloses. The effects of different arrangements of the irradiated celluloses, as shown by their trapped radical spectra, particularly after interaction with water, were discussed.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130713
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  • 84
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modification of polyethylene surfaces with carbethoxy substituted carbenes and nitrenes (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 1537-1544 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Carbethoxycarbene, carbethoxynitrene, and nitrene generated respectively by the pyrolysis of ethyl diazoacetate, ethyl azidoformate, chloramine and sodium hydroxyl amine-o-sulfonate are shown to irreversibly modify the surface of polyethylene as shown by wettability measurements. The nature of the modification is not fully understood; however, insertion of the carbene or nitrene into a carbon-hydrogen bond appears likely. The modified surfaces thus formed are shown to undergo several classical organic reactions as again determined by wettability measurements.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130716
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  • 85
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Homo-and copolymers of vinyl esters, acrylates, and methacrylates of some derivatives of fatty acids (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 1545-1553 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Vinyl esters of some undecylenic acid derivatives and acrylates and methacrylates of undecyl and undecylenyl alcohols, which may be considered as derivaties of castor oil, have been polymerized and copolymerized with vinyl chloride to provide a variety of new polymers. The acrylate and the methacrylate of undecylenyl alcohol have been epoxidized to yield two new polymerizable monomers of potential usefulness as crosslinking agents in finished copolymers.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130717
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  • 86
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New linear polymers. Henry Lee, Donald Staffey, and Kris Neville Eds., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1967. x + 374 pp, illus. $17.50. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 1577-1577 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130720
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  • 87
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal degradation of polymers. part IV. Vacuum pyrolysis of poly(m-aminostyrene). The residue and the fraction volatile at pyrolysis temperature involatile at room temperature (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 1555-1567 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effect of the extent of degradation of poly(m-aminostyrene) on the quantity and composition of the residue and the effect of pyrolysis temperature on the fraction volatile at pyrolysis temperature are discussed. The behavior of poly(m-aminostyrene) is compared to that of polystyrene; a significant difference has been found for the behavior of the residue from poly(m-aminostyrene), which is ascribed to a crosslinking reaction involving the amino substituent. Mechanisms to acount for the observed products of degradation have been suggested and are discussed. Relative thermal stability studies have also been made and compared with results from polystyrene.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130718
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  • 88
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of Fe2+—H2O2 and Fe3+—H2O2 initiation systems in graft copolymerization of cellulosic materials (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 1613-1620 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Studies were carried out on decomposition of hydrogen peroxide by ferrous and ferric ions adsorbed on cellulosic materials (SP, SCP), scission of the cellulose chain and formation of grafts by graft copolymerization. As a result, it was found that the activity of ferrous ion is always higher than that of ferric ion, but there exists a common relation between the amount of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide and the number of grafts for all cellulose samples and kinds of metallic ions, and it was inferred that essentially, copolymerization takes place by the same mechanism irrespective of the kind of metallic ions. Consequently, it can be considered that the difference in degree of activity between ferrous ion and ferric ion is due to the difference in the decomposition mechanism of hydrogen peroxide by these metallic ions and it is assumed that the high activity of ferrous ion in graft copolymerization is due to the high hydrogen peroxide decomposition effect.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130803
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  • 89
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Environmental stress relaxation studies of polymers: Effect of benzene series hydrocarbons on polyethylene (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 1621-1623 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The method of stress relaxation has been used to study stress decay behavior in the system of polyethylene - benzene series hydrocarbons. The behavior of stress decay in polyethylene under benzene series hydrocarbons was observed and the respective activity forward stress decay of benzene series hydrocarbons was obtained.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130804
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  • 90
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The reaction of polypropylene with maleic anhydride (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 1625-1640 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An addition reaction of maleic anhydride with polypropylene takes place in the presence of radical reagents or sunlight. The initial rate of the reaction was proportional to the concentration of polypropylene and maleic anhydride, and one-half power of the concentration of the radical reagents. The increase in the temperature from 80 to 120°C increased the rate of the reaction and di-cumyl peroxide was effective as a radical reagent for this reaction.Ionic crosslinked rubber-like polymers were obtained from the reaction of maleic polypropylene with some alkali metal compounds. They showed the characteristic absorption band due to —COO⊖ in their infrared spectra.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130805
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  • 91
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The stress cracking of polyamides by metal salts. Part I. Metal halides (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 1641-1655 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The stress cracking of polyamides (nylons) by a number of metal salts, in aqueous and nonaqueous solutions, has been investigated. Many metal halides and halide-like salts were found to be active stress-cracking agents, while metal acetates and sulfates were inactive. Zinc chloride was found to be most active, and its activity was compared with other metal halides. Using a recording tensometer, time to crack initiation, time to crack-through and time to rupture were determined. These parameters were found to be dependent on temperature, moisture content of the nylon, concentration of the cracking agent and level of stress. High values of all these factors favored rapid cracking. Cracking parameters were shown to be mainly independent of the surface geometry of the nylon and the hydrogen ion concentration of the cracking agent. Metal halides did not appear to cause any chain scission in the nylon and stress cracking was not due to hydrolysis or metal-ion catalysed hydrolysis.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130806
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  • 92
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tetrachlorinated rubber: The addition of carbon tetrachloride to 1,4-polybutadiene (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 1721-1728 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The iron chloride-catalyzed radical chain addition of carbon tetrachloride to 1,4-polybutadiene has been studied. Transparent film forming nonflammable polymers are obtained which contain 50-55% chlorine. Cyclization appears to accompany the addition of carbon tetrachloride as an integral part of the radical reaction.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130813
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  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on adhesion of allylic resin. I. Adhesion of diallylphthalate resin and dichromate-treated copper foil (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 1729-1740 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An effective copper surface treatment for adhesive bonding of copper foil and diallylphthalate resin was investigated.It involves dipping the copper foil in the potassium dichromate-sulfuric acid solution (K2Cr2O7:76 g/l, H2SO4:0.67 N) at 60°C for 5 min. The dichromate treated copper foil and glass based prepregs of diallylphthalate resin were laminated under the pressure of 38 kg/cm2 for 30 min at 145°C.Interface characteristics of the dichromate treated copper foil and diallylphthalate resin were examined.It was found that chromium is formed on the surfaces of the treated copper foil, and allyl groups in diallylphthalate molecule are oriented to the atoms, that is, the adhesive bonding is performed by the chemical affinity of chromium and allyl groups.The allyl group has a delocalized π-electron system, and that its bonding to a transition metal as chromium is appropriate and justifiable by quantum chemical considerations.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130814
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  • 94
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    Electronic Resource
    Estimation of the surface free energy of polymers (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 1741-1747 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A method for measuring the surface energy of solids and for resolving the surface energy into contributions from dispersion and dipole-hydrogen bonding forces has been developed. It is based on the measurement of contact angles with water and methylene iodide. Good agreement has been obtained with the more laborious γc method. Evidence for a finite value of liquid-solid interfacial tension at zero contact angle is presented. The method is especially applicable to the surface characterization of polymers.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130815
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  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adhesive bonding techniques and applications. C. V. Cagle, McGraw Hill, New York, 1968. IX + 351 pp., $16.00 (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 1806-1806 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130823
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanical properties and transition temperatures of copolymers of N-n-alkylacrylamides and vinylidene chloride (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 1777-1794 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Mechanical and solution properties, melting transitions, torsional stiffness temperatures, Tf, and selected modulus-temperature curves are presented for copolymers of the N-n-alkylacrylamides with vinylidene chloride. Copolymers were prepared at 60°C across the range of compositions, using as comonomers N-n-butyl-, octyl-, dodecyl- and oleyl-acrylamide, which have amorphous side-chains, and N-n-octadecyl acrylamide and n-octadecyl acrylate whose side-chains are crystalline. The mechanical properties reflected the effect of the decline in backbone crystallinity and the simultaneous development of strong intermolecular interactions in the amorphous stage. Copolymers were stiff or showed brittle failure across the compositional range except when intermolecular forces were reduced (with n-octadrcyl acrylate) and side-chain crystallization eliminated (with N-oleylacrylamide). These systems and the n-dodecylacrylamide copolymers had yield strengths less than brittle strengths and substantial elongations. Backbone crystallinity was eliminated at about 15 mole % amide and side-chain crystallinity vanished at less than 10 mole % of the amide in the N-n-octadecylacrylamide series. No depression in side-chain melting point occurred with dilution by segments of vinylidene chloride. Over-all decline in the flex-temperature was the normal monotonic function of composition except that values increased in magnitude at high vinylidene chloride contents, the effect presumably being caused by the presence of crystallinity. An empirical equation was developed which permitted the calculation of Tf for any N-n-alkylacrylamide composition with any number of carbon atoms in the side-chain, above 3.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130818
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High temperature resistant polymers, A. H. Frazer, Interscience, New York, 1968. xiv + 338 pp. $17.50 (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 1804-1805 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130822
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  • 98
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    Electronic Resource
    Polyamides in solution. III. Viscometry of linear polycaprolactam (1969)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 7 (1969), S. 411-422 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The viscometric behavior of linear polycaprolactam has been studied in the absence of the electroviscous effect in aqueous solvents containing 85% and 64.5% formic acid and in trifluoroethanol, as a function of temperature and also under unperturbed conditions. Results are discussed in terms of the existing theories; in particular, the negative temperature coefficient of the intrinsic viscosity arises only from the variation of the expansion coefficient, the molecule in the unperturbed state being a normal random coil. The absence of aggregation and draining effects in the above solvents has been varified.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1969.160070212
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymerization of cyclic imino ethers. VI. X-ray study of some polyaziridines (1969)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 7 (1969), S. 463-473 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Polymers of poly(N-acyl and N-aroyl aziridines) were studied by x-ray diffraction. All the crystalline polymers studied have a triclinic unit cell with two monomer units per unit cell. The a and c (fiber direction) parameters (4.9 and 6.5 A, respectively) are essentially the same for all the cells. The b parameter for the N-acyl polymers, however, increases steadily by a factor of 2 A per methylene group added to the lateral chains. The densities calculated for the unit cells are in agreement with the experimental values obtained. The most probable structure is one in which the molecules assume a planar configuration with the main chain not fully extended. The lateral groups are tilted from the c axis by an angle of 54° in a parallel configuration and alternate on each side of the main chain. This permits these lateral groups to assume packing similar to that of polyethylene. A brief description of the techniques used in this interpretation is included.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1969.160070302
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energy dissipation by pulsating air bubbles in a viscoelastic medium (1969)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 7 (1969), S. 143-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A theoretical discussion is presented on the mechanisms by which an isolated pulsating air bubble in a viscoelastic solid dissipates its energy. The analysis is limited to the situation where the amplitude of motion is assumed to be sufficiently small that the stress strain relations may be described by linear equations with convected differentiation replaced by ∂/∂t. The theoretical thermal, radiation, and viscous damping constants are calculated for resonant air bubbles in unvulcanized natural rubber; however, the results are typical of elastomers in general.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1969.160070111
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