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  • Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling  (8,042)
  • Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics  (6,266)
  • Nuclear reactions  (4,460)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Space science reviews 84 (1998), S. 199-206 
    ISSN: 1572-9672
    Keywords: Nuclear reactions ; Nucleosynthesis ; Abundances ; Stars:Evolution ; Interior ; Rotation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We first recall the observational and theoretical facts that constitute the so-called 3He problem. We then review the chemical anomalies that could be related to the destruction of 3He in red giants stars. We show how a simple consistent mechanism can lead to the destruction of 3He in low mass stars and simultaneously account for the low 12C/13C ratios and low lithium abundances observed in giant stars of different populations. This process should both naturally account for the recent measurements of 3He/H in galactic HII regions and allow for high values of 3He observed in some planetary nebulae. We propose a simple statistical estimation of the fraction of stars that may be affected by this process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 62 (1997), S. 265-272 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Numerical experiments with a nonlinear (λχ4) oscillator which has its harmonic frequency changing randomly with time reveal certain interesting features of its dynamics of quantum evolution. When λ = 0, the level populations are seen to oscillate. But, as the nonlinear coupling is switched on (λ 〉 0), a threshold is reached at λ = λc when the evolution is seen to be characterized by an abrupt transition dominantly to the highest available state of the unperturbed (initial) oscillator. It is shown that this transition probability is maximized at a particular value of λ. The time threshold for this transition decreases with increasing nonlinear coupling strength. The numerically obtained structures of the underlying quantum-phase spaces of the linear and nonlinear random oscillators are examined. Possible use of these results in a problem of chemical origin is explored. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 62 (1997), S. 279-289 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Testosterone (17β-hydroxy-4-androsten-3-one) was studied by the semiempirical AM1 and PM3 and ab initio STO-3G*, 3-21G*, and 6-31G* methods. The goals were to compare those methods and to know the electronic structure of the hormone. Full geometry optimization was performed, and two crystal conformers (T1 and T2), and experimental dipole moment in solution were used for comparison. One conformer with a dipole moment similar to the solvated conditions was generated. Total energy, entalphies, dipole moments, charges, electrostatic potentials, and highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) were calculated. Root-mean-square (RMS) index of the theoretical molecules against T1 and T2 showed best results with the 3-21G* and 6-31G* methods, while AM1 gave better energies than PM3. Dipole moments were directed toward the OH group and the botton face of the A ring. The frontier orbitals were located along the C4-C5 π bond, particularly the LUMO was split between C4 and C5, predicting the action of enzymes at C5 yielding to 5α and 5β-reduced androgens. Electrostatic potentials might be also of biological importance since they are coincidental with the dipole-moment orientation. Finally, it is interesting that the solvatedlike conformer, its properties, and the OH group laid between the same group of T1 and T2 and with a total energy between the crystals and the gas phase or in vacuo conditions. This results might also explain the biology of testosterone and use them to model the hormone-receptor interaction. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 62 (1997), S. 303-314 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: He I photoelectron (PE) spectra of four carboxylic acids and five esters are measured. Semiempirical and ab initio quantum chemical calculations are used for the interpretation of the spectra. The complex approach which uses empirically established relationships (the dependence of valence electron ionization energies on proton affinities in the gas phase, on the core level ionization energies, and on the structure) was developed. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 62 (1997), S. 323-328 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Simple molecular orbital calculations are employed in searching electronic parameters which may characterize the chemical carcinogens. Using frontier orbitals, the carcinogen-DNA bond formation is described as an electron transfer from the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of DNA to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of the carcinogen. Analysis of the DNA bases units shows that the electron donation occurs preferentially at the guanine site. The calculated low LUMO energy of several carcinogens indicate correctly the electrophilic character of these compounds. The difference between the carcinogen and the ultimate carcinogen is analyzed. Epoxides, free radicals, alkylating agents, and other metabolite forms are studied. A reasonable correlation is found between the LUMO energy and the carcinogenic function. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 63 (1997), S. 1123-1131 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: MD simulations ; liquid surface ; formamide ; molecular orientation ; molecular surface density ; Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Molecular dynamics simulations of liquid formamide(HCONH2) were carried out using the GROMOS software. The formamide molecule is represented by all of its atoms with all internal degrees of freedom. In contrast to other simulations dealing with bulk properties, this study focuses on the interface liquid-vacuum for the first time. We show that the molecular plane is tilted out of the surface, exposing the HCO group to the vacuum.   © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 63: 1123-1131, 1997
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 63 (1997), S. 1065-1078 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: very precise eigenvalues ; very accurate grid method ; general solution for Schrödinger equations ; rapidly convergent treatment for helium eigenvalues ; superconvergence ; optimization of grids ; treatment of continuum ; Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An extension to the theory of Schrödinger equations has been made which enables the derivation of eigenvalues from a consideration of a very small part of geometric space. The concomitant unwanted continuum effects have been removed. The theory enables very convergent or “superconvergent” calculations. In the case of the helium ground state, E=-2.90372437703411987 Eh was obtained from 251 terms. The result is comparable to that from the largest variation calculations so far carried out reinforced by extrapolation techniques. The theory is extensible to atoms and molecules irrespectively of the number of electrons or nuclear centers. In these cases, the advantage of “superconvergent” calculations will be more pronounced than in the case of helium.   © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 63: 1065-1078, 1997
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 62 (1997), S. 1-11 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Roothaan-Hartree-Fock (RHF) calculations are carried out for the ground states of the atoms from helium to xenon using a minimal basis set of Slater-type functions whose principal quantum numbers are allowed to take variationally optimal noninteger values. The resulting energies are substantially superior to those obtained previously under the usual restriction that principal quantum numbers be positive integers. The energy lowering relative to the single-zeta wave functions of Clementi and co-workers ranges from 0.0066 Eh in He to 11.2 Eh in Xe. Our results are superior to those obtained by Höjer using a minimal basis set of unconventional binomially screened basis functions. Noninteger principal quantum numbers benefit d-orbitals the most; physically realistic negative d-orbital energies are obtained in all cases including those transition-metal atoms for which a conventional single-zeta STF basis leads to positive d-orbital energies. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 62 (1997), S. 23-27 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An ab initio study on the reaction of the ground state (3D) and the excited state (1D) of Sc+ with methane was performed. Reaction channels on the singlet and triplet potential surface (PES) and the reaction mechanism are examined and discussed. Three regions of the potential surface was studied: the molecular complex, the C(SINGLE BOND)H insertion products, and the transition states for the reaction. Comparisons between singlet and triplet PESs show that the excited state (1D) of Sc+ has more reactivity with methane than does the ground state (3D) due to the spin quantum number conservation with the more stable insertion intermediate. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 62 (1997), S. 67-76 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The importance of the hybridization displacement charge (HDC) in describing molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) maps was demonstrated by studying six molecules; pyrazine N-oxide, para-nitropyridine, 5-nitropyrimidine, 3-nitropyridazine, N2, and N2O. It is shown that continuously distributed HDC-corrected Löwdin charges reproduce the MEP features of these molecules, most of which have competing electrophilic sites, in agreement with ab initio results. Further, it is found that for homonuclear diatomic molecules MEP minima can be located properly using HDC-corrected Löwdin (or HDC-corrected Mulliken) continuously distributed charges, but these features cannot be obtained using the conventional Löwdin (or Mulliken) charges. It was shown that the order of molecular electric field (MEF) values near the different electrophilic sites becomes changed when one moves away from the molecules. Thus, pyridine-type nitrogen atoms are the preferred binding sites close to the molecules, while at large distances, effects of oxygen atoms of the NO groups become dominant. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 62 (1997), S. 115-124 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Some types of atomic vibrations in a chain of the DNA type constructed of G-C pairs were studied. These are the atomic vibrations of the lateral groups of guanine and N(3)H(1)H(2) of cytosine connected by the hydrogen bond h-b-1 and the vibrations of the centers of masses of bases in the direction parallel to bonds h-b-i, i = 1-3. The vibrations mix partially due to the dependence of the energy of the bond h-b-1 on its length and split into two bands because of the interaction between neighboring base pairs. It was shown that the excitation of the bond h-b-1 results in the splitting off of the two local vibrations and in a small deformation of the chain in the vicinity of the pair with the localized hydrogen bond. The law of the dispersion of band vibrations, values of the split-off frequencies, and degree of poly(dG)-poly(dC) chain deformation were determined. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 62 (1997), S. 55-65 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We compare geometry configurations, vibrational properties, and electronic structures of (HF)2 in a free state and inside argon atom shells Arn. For the first stage, molecular dynamics calculations for the (HF)2 · Ar62 heterocluster are performed with the help of model potentials HF(SINGLE BOND)HF, Ar(SINGLE BOND)Ar, and Ar(SINGLE BOND)HF. Then, ab initio quantum chemistry analysis is carried out for the smaller systems (HF)2 · Ar15 and (HF)2 · Ar6 when keeping the argon atoms closest to the trapped dimer. We conclude that the hydrogen-bonded complex (HF)2 gains some extra stability inside the argon shells, originating primarily from a decrease of intermolecular distance RFF. Electronic structure calculations are in accord with the changes in dynamical properties, namely, a noticeable increase in the vibrational frequency assigned to the F(SINGLE BOND)F stretching mode (+25 cm-1) and decrease in rms deviations for the corresponding coordinate δFF. In addition to these changes, the argon atoms of the nearest solvent shell donate a small fraction of electron charge which is spent for an increase of population of the antibonding orbital σ*Hf(SINGLE BOND)Ff of the free monomer unit and shift orbital energies primarily of the lone-pair fluorine species. These shifts are greater than the changes due to geometry alterations and the possible inaccuracies of the calculation scheme. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 62 (1997), S. 245-259 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An efficient expansion method for the evaluation of VB matrix elements is introduced. The overlaps of VB wave functions of N electrons can be treated as algebrants, i.e., generalized determinants, of N × N matrices. An algebrant can be expanded with subalgebrants of lower orders in a successive way. By choosing Rumer spin bases and appropriately arranging the expansion, it is found that the number of unique subalgebrants involved in the expansion increases in a quite moderate way with N. In contrast to the traditional symmetric group approach, which explicitly utilizes all N! representation matrices, the new strategy incorporates the group theoretical factors in a simple way in the successive expansion. As only the unique subalgebrants are further expanded, the computational effort required by the new strategy scales in a very acceptable manner with the increasing number of electrons. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 62: 245-259, 1997
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 62 (1997), S. 261-264 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Characters of irreducible representations (irreps) of the symmetric group corresponding to the two-row Young diagrams, i.e., describing transformation properties of N-electron eigenfunctions of the total spin operators, have been expressed as explicit functions of the number of electrons N and of the total spin quantum number S. The formulas are useful in various areas of theory of many-electron systems, particularly in designing algorithms for evaluation of spectral density moments. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 62 (1997), S. 291-296 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The geometries and S-H, S-S, and S-C bond dissociation energies for hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen disulfide, methanethiol, dimethyl disulfide, and dimethyl disulfide were calculated with both ab initio (ROHF and MP2), hybrid (BHandH, BHandHLYP, Becke3LYP and Becke3P86), and nonlocal (BLYP and BP86) density functional theory (DFT) methods. In all studies the 6-31 + G(d) basis set is used. The computed results are compared to the experimentally obtained values, targeting the selection of a suitable ab initio or DFT method for the study of these systems. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 62 (1997), S. 297-302 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mechanism and kinetics for the decomposition of β-hydroxypropaldehyde, primary and secondary β-hydroxyketones, were studied by using ab initio RHF/6-31G and RHF/6-31G* methods. The activation barriers of these reactions were refined to be 39.57, 40.10, and 36.80 kcal mol-1 at the MP2/ /RHF/6-31G* level, respectively. The calculated results show that each decomposition is a concerted process with hydrogen transferring and bond breaking via a six-membered cyclic transition state. The thermal rate constants of the decomposition of primary and secondary β-hydroxyketones were obtained by calculating microcanonical probability fluxes through each transition state. It is theoretically confirmed that methyl substitution at the hydroxyl carbon of β-hydroxyketones causes a small enhancement in rates. The theoretical investigations of the mechanism and the rate constants are in agreement with the experimental results. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 62 (1997), S. 13-21 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An analysis of the anisotropic Heisenberg model is carried out by solving the Bethe ansatz solution of the model numerically as a function of the anisotropy parameter for finite N. A brief introduction to the limit of the infinite chain is presented. The energy for a few special limiting cases of the anisotropy parameter in the Hamiltonian are worked out. Numerical results for finite cycles as well as for the infinite chain are given. Comparison can then be made with the case of finite increasing N. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 62 (1997), S. 47-53 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The MELD program is employed to evaluate the Slater average potential v(r) felt by an electron at the point r within an atom. The characteristic radius R of the atom is then defined by the classical turning point equation v(R) = -I, where I denotes the first ionization potential of the atom. The atomic radii defined in this way have a close correlation with the van der Waals atomic radii. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 62 (1997), S. 77-88 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Highly accurate upper bounds for several 2Pe states of the Li isoelectronic series obtained by extensive Hylleraas-Cl calculations are given. The best value for the 22Pe state (1s2p2) of Li is -5.21373920 au. The evaluation of the occurring integrals is given explicitly. Additionally, we present some expectation values and isotope energies of the Li isoelectronic series. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 62 (1997), S. 97-113 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Restricted geometry optimizations at the ab initio SCF level with the 3-21G basis set were employed to investigate the conformation space of flavone acetic acid (FAA) and its related compounds. All the conformations are produced from a conformation which is, according to our previous work, probably the active conformation in terms of antitumor activity shown by these compounds. Detailed studies on FAA were carried out while only brief discussions are made on the analogs. The main results obtained are that (1) FAA is a very flexible molecule, e.g., with the energy barrier up to about 3 kcal mol-1 from the reference conformation, the important torsional angle τ1 can change from 27.0° to 117.0°, τ2 from -168.0° to 2.0°, and τ3 from -50.0° to 30.0°; (2) the hydrogen-bonding effect plays an important role in determining lower-energy conformations; (3) among all the FAA conformations considered, some are active and some are inactive; (4) it seems that the analogs will have similar behavior to FAA when the torsional angle τ3 is restricted to the values which are around the equilibrium values; and (5) the hypothesis put forward previously has been further developed in this work. Now, we postulate that efficient charge transfers will lower the energy and that proper charge transfers will activate the molecule. There are mainly two different types of charge transfer corresponding to two different types of conformation, which are specified in this article. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 62 (1997), S. 273-278 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Analytical solutions to the Yukawa-like screened Coulomb nuclear attraction and electron repulsion molecular basic integrals, as well as to the basic integrals required to compute the virial coefficient, over Gaussian basis functions, are derived and cast into a practical closed form, suitable to interface with modern codes for the calculation of molecular electronic structure. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 63 (1997), S. 1079-1089 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: large-order perturbation theory ; lie algebra ; three-body problem ; symbolic computations ; helium atom ; Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The method of o(4, 2) operator replacements is generalized. As a result, the series whose limiting values when the variable goes to  +∞ should correspond to the two-electron atom energies now have rational coefficients. This generalization allows one also to compute the series for the case of singlet S symmetry, a case which could not be considered in the previous original formulation of the method. Series with rational coefficients for the helium singlet and triplet S ground-state energy are calculated up to order 41 and 45, respectively. Moreover, symbolic computations also allow one to give the first few coefficients of these series for arbitrary values of the nuclear charge Z. Finally, a new method for analytic continuation to the limit  +∞ is presented for the energies of the helium singlet and triplet ground states.   © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 63: 1079-1089, 1997
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  • 23
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 63 (1997), S. 1099-1106 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: metathesis reactions ; bond order ; free valence ; minimum energy path ; nonsynchronization ; Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A few simple atom-transfer reactions (i.e., Ȧ+X-A→A-X+Ȧ) are studied by quantum mechanical ab initio methods. Emphasis is given to the detailed analysis of density matrices rather than to the energetics. Results reveal that during these reactions a small free valence always develops on the migrating atom at the transition state. The barriers in these reactions arise from the greater extent of bond cleavage in the reactant than that of bond formation in the transition state. Analysis of bond orders estimated from bond lengths using Pauling's relation also leads to the fact that the bond-cleavage process is more advanced than is the bond-formation process in these reactions.   © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 63: 1099-1106, 1997
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 62 (1997), S. 29-45 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The H2 interaction with the Pd dimer and trimer were studied using multiconfigurational self-consistent field (MC-SCF) calculations with the relativistic effective core potential (RECP); the correlation energy correction was included in the extended multireference configuration interaction (MRCI), variational and perturbative to second order. Here, we considered the Pd2 first six states: 3Σ+u, 1Σ+g, 3Πg, 3Δxy, 1Σ+u, and 3Σ+g. For them, the four geometrical approaches included were the side-on H2 toward Pd2, for the hydrogen molecule in and out the Pd dimer plane; the perpendicular end-on H2 toward Pd2; and the perpendicular end-on Pd2 to H2. The Pd2 ground state is 3Σ+u, which only captures H2 in the C2v end-on approach, softly relaxing the H(SINGLE BOND)H bond. The closed-shell 1Σ+g captures the H2 molecule in all the approaches considered: The side-on approach of this state presents deep wells and relaxes the H(SINGLE BOND)H bond, and the end-on approach captures H2 with a relatively longer H(SINGLE BOND)H distance and also a deep well. The 3Πg state was the only one which did not capture H2. For the triangular Pd3 clusters, H2 was approached in the C2v symmetry in and out of the Pd3 plane. In the triangular case, H2 was absorbed in both spin states, with deep wells and relaxing the H(SINGLE BOND)H distance. The linear Pd3 singlet and triplet states capture outside of the Pd3 and break the H(SINGLE BOND)H bond. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 25
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 62 (1997), S. 89-96 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We presented a calculation of the total and partial decay widths of vibrational predissociation (VP) of the HeI2 molecule for low initial vibrational excitations from the lowest van der Waals (vdW) state with total angular momentum J = 0. A time-dependent golden rule wave-packet method was employed in our numerical calculations for the decay widths. The computed total decay widths, lifetimes, and rates of VP are in fairly good agreement with those extrapolated from the experimental data available. Predicted total decay widths as a function of initial vibrational levels exhibit a highly nonlinear behavior. These results demonstrate that a quantum mechanical decay mode for low vibrational excitation remains as well. The total propagation time needed in the time-dependent golden rule wave-packet calculations is much shorter than is the lifetime of the predissociation of HeI2. It is shown that the final-state interaction between the fragments is important for determining the final rotational-state distribution (partial decay width). We find that the major peak position in the final rotational-state distribution shifts to lower rotational energy levels with increase of the initial vibrational quantum number, which is evidently different from that for higher vibrational levels. This fact can be clearly explained by the dependence of the amount of kinetic energy released to the product degrees of freedom on the initial vibrational state. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 26
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 62 (1997), S. 239-244 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We calculate the resonant and antibound state energies for a Morse potential with a centrifugal barrier using Siegert boundary conditions. Starting with a complex wave number k (purely imaginary for bound and antibound states), we integrate numerically from the origin up to a matching point using Numerov's method. The inward integration is performed using the corresponding (first-order) Riccati equation. The complex eigenvalues are found by matching the two logarithmic derivatives. We find narrow shape resonances within the well, above the dissociation limit, and broad resonances above the centrifugal barrier. Antibound states are found even with J = 0. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 27
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 62 (1997), S. 315-322 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Two alternative dehydration reactions C(OH)4 → (HO)2CO + H2O and C(OH)4 + H2O → (HO)2CO + 2H2O are studied by ab initio Becke3LYP/6-311 + G** and MP2/6-31G** methods. Calculated energy and geometry characteristics of intermediates and transition states predict a catalytic effect of one water molecule and the exothermism of the transformations. Relevant HF/6-311 + G**, HF/6-31G**, HF/6-31G, and HF/3-21G calculations were performed for comparison. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 28
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 63 (1997), S. 1107-1122 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: relativistic pseudopotentials ; heavy atoms ; method of molecular calculation ; electronic structure ; Gaussian approximation ; Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Gaussian expansions of the generalized relativistic effective core potential (GRECP) components are reported for elements Hg through Rn. The accuracy of the analytical GRECPs is estimated by calculations of atomic transition energies with the numerical one-configurational wave functions in comparison with Dirac-Fock calculations. The results of the corresponding calculations with the RECPs of other groups are also given. An “averaged error” in the reproduction of the transition energies without the change of the occupation number of the 5d-shell is an order of magnitude smaller than that for the RECPs of other groups. As is demonstrated for the transitions with the change of the occupation number of the 5d-shell in mercury, the largest absolute error of the GRECP is only 1.5-2 times smaller than that of the energy-adjusted pseudopotential (PP) or the RECP of Ross et al. with the same space of explicitly treated electrons. However, the dispersion of these errors is 19⋅10-4 au for the energy-adjusted PP, 35⋅10-4 au for the RECP of Ross et al. and only 4⋅10-4 au for the GRECP. One-configurational spin-averaged calculations of the molecular properties for HgH and HgH+ are carried out and compared with the corresponding results of Häussermann et al.   © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 63: 1107-1122, 1997
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  • 29
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 57 (1996), S. 63-71 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new version of solutions in the form of an exponentially weighted power series is constructed for the two-dimensional circularly symmetric quartic oscillators, which reflects successfully the desired properties of the exact wave function. The regular series part is shown to be the solution of a transformed equation. The transformed equation is applicable to the one-dimensional problem as well. Moreover, the exact closed-form eigenfunctions of the harmonic oscillator can be reproduced as a special case of the present wave function. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 30
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 57 (1996), S. 139-139 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 31
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 57 (1996), S. 391-399 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The wave function of a system may be expanded in terms of eigenfunctions of the N -1 electron Hamiltonian times one-particle functions known as generalized overlap amplitudes (GOAS). The one-electron operator whose eigenfunctions are the GOAS is presented, without using an energy-dependent term as in the one-particle Green function or propagator approach. It is shown that this operator and the extended Koopmans' theorem (EKT) one-electron operator are of similar form, but perform complementary roles. The GOA operator begins with one-electron densities and total energies of N -1 electron states to generate the two-matrix and total energy of an N-electron state. The EKT operator begins with the two-matrix of an N-electron state to generate one-electron densities and ionization potentials (or approximations thereto) for N -1 electron states. However, whereas the EKT orbitals must be linearly independent, no such restriction applies to the GOAS. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 32
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 57 (1996), S. 959-970 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Interactions of DNA bases frequently involve the DNA base amino groups. In contrast to the empirical force fields, the ab initio calculations predict nonplanar DNA base amino groups. The same conclusion also follows from the density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Both local and nonlocal density approximations were used. Optimized geometries of two other molecules with nonplanar amino groups (aniline, formamidine) are presented for comparison. The influence of nonplanar DNA base amino groups on the conformational variability of DNA is discussed. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 33
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 57 (1996), S. 943-948 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The conformational behavior and the stability of thiazolium and thiamin diphosphate (ThDP) adducts formed by the C2 addition of the substrates pyruvate and glyoxylate to the corresponding thiamin systems are investigated within the force-field version PIMM90 as well as the semiempirical AM1 and PM3 methods. Moreover, the reaction coordinate of the decarboxylation process of the adducts with respect to the C2α(SINGLEBOND)COO- bond are calculated by PM3 and AM1. The calculations on the key intermediates of the Breslow mechanism are performed in order to study the steric aspects of both substrate adducts that show a different pathway in the catalytic cycle. The alternative structural findings for the decarboxylation products are compared with first 6-31C* studies on the corresponding thiazolium model systems. Especially, the PM3 calculations show that the elimination of CO2 is favored if the arrangement of the carboxylate group is nearly perpendicular to the plane of the thiazolium ring. These results support the least-motion maximum-overlap mechanism in the enzymatic decarboxylation reaction, proposed by Kluger. The most stable conformers of the ThDP adducts and its decarboxylation products are characterized by V-like structures and the formation of a significant intramolecular hydrogen bonding under participation of the 4′-aminopyrimidine ring. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 34
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 57 (1996), S. 971-974 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ab initio calculations were performed on the tautomers and conformers of N-hydroxyurea using a 6-31G** basis set. The minimum-energy structures have been found and the importance of the intramolecular hydrogen bond as the stabilizing factor was pointed out. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 35
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 57 (1996) 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 36
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 57 (1996), S. 985-1018 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 37
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 57 (1996), S. 975-983 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Many biological processes are characterized by an essentially quantum dynamical event, such as electron or proton transfer, in a complex classical environment. To treat such processes properly by computer simulation, allowing nonadiabatic transitions involving excited states, we recently developed a density matrix evolution (DME) method [H. J. C. Berendsen and J. Mavri, J. Phys. Chem, 97, 13464 (1993)] which simulates the dynamics of quantum systems embedded in a classical environment. The formalism of the method is presented and an overview of the applications ranging from collisions of a quantum harmonic oscillator with noble gas atoms to proton tunneling in a double-well hydrogen bond is given. The methodology for treatment of proton-transfer processes with inclusion of excited states is presented. Future application of the method on biologically interesting processes, such as proton transfer in enzymatic reactions, is discussed. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 38
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 57 (1996), S. 1019-1031 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: For theoretical reasons, and on account of the development of a new interpolation technique, it is useful and important to examine the asymptotic behavior of the solution to the one-dimensional Hubbard model. In this article, it is shown how perturbative expansions for the energy can be developed in the asymptotic region of the relevant coupling for all the relevant excited states of cyclic polyene rings. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 39
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 57 (1996), S. 1049-1055 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The simple BSSE-free SCF method (CHA/F) introduced in the previous parts of this series is extended to the case of three subsystems, which may be either three weakly interacting molecules or a bimolecular system described by using bond functions. The CHA/F formalism is formulated in a more transparent manner, indicating also a straightforward way for generalization to the case of an arbitrary number of subsystems. The illustrative calculations show the viability of using the CHA/F scheme for three-component systems. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 40
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 57 (1996), S. 1033-1048 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: One is often led, in quantum mechanics, to a perturbative solution of an eigenvalue problem, which is defined by a given Hamiltonian. The perturbative series for the energy which results will be a function of a coupling constant which appears in the Hamiltonian. In this article, the perturbative series for the energy of a state of a cyclic polyene ring which are valid for the small and large coupling limit of the model are used to construct algebraic functions. These algebraic functions are defined in terms of polynomials which are given as a function of the energy variable and coupling parameter and can be solved to give the energy as a function of coupling. It is found that relatively small polynomials give very good agreement with the exact values and that the accuracy of the results increases rapidly as the degree of the polynomial increases. The final goal of this and subsequent articles is to study energy levels in PPP models of planar conjugated hydrocarbons. In this article, we test an interpolant technique on the case of the one-dimensional Hubbard model, where an exact solution can be obtained by solving a system of nonlinear equations. In the case of the Hubbard model, the correlation effects are overestimated. Therefore, if the technique works for the Hubbard model, it is reasonable to assume that the technique would work even better for the PPP model. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 41
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 57 (1996), S. 1057-1066 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Ising, small-bipolaron (ISB) theory is a strong-coupling theory of cuprate superconductivity which is based on the negative-U, Hubbard Hamiltonian. Its ground state is composed of (small) bipolarons and (small-bipolaron) holes with a vibronically induced, bipolaron-hole exchange interaction, JBH, between them. The energy gap, Δ(0), is taken to be equal to the dissociation energy of a small bipolaron and which, since it is defined spectroscopically, is not an order parameter. The application of the Ising mean-field theory to the highly degenerate ground-state yields a second-order phase change with kTC/2 = JBH and a real order parameter, Ω(T), which is valid over the entire temperature range from zero to TC. Near TC, the Ising free-energy functional takes the same form as does the Landau. In the presence of an electromagnetic field, the Ising functional is a generalization of the Ginzburg-Landau functional which employs a complex order parameter and which is invariant under the electromagnetic gauge transformation. The breaking of the gauge invariance yields the London theory of superconductivity. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 42
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 57 (1996), S. 1067-1076 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The solvent shift of the π* ← n transition of acetone in water, acetonitrile, and tetrachloromethane was calculated in a combined quantum mechanical - classical mechanical approach, using both dielectric continuum and explicit, polarizable molecular solvent models. The explicit modeling of solvent polarizability allows for a separate analysis of electrostatic, induction, and dispersion contributions to the shifts. The calculations confirm the qualitative theories about the mechanisms behind the blue shift in polar solvents and the red shift in nonpolar solvents, the solvation of the ground state due to electrostatic interactions being preferential in the former, and favorable dispersion interaction with the excited state, in the latter case. Good quantitative agreement for the solvent shift between experiment (+1,700, +400, and -350 cm-1 in water, acetonitrile, and tetrachloromethane, respectively) and the explicit solvent model (+1,821, +922, and -381 cm-1) was reached through a modest Monte Carlo sampling of the solvent degrees of freedom. A consistent treatment of the solvent could only be realized in the molecular solvent model. The dielectric-only model needs reparameterization for each solvent. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 43
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 57 (1996), S. 1097-1106 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In density functional theory (DFT), a many-electron problem for the electron density in atoms may be reduced, according to the Kohn-Sham scheme, to a one-electron problem. In the present work, a variational model is proposed which leads, within some assumptions, to the set of equations describing the change of the electron density ρ and energy ε during the ionization process. It is shown that the one-electron density contributions are not necessarily spherically symmetric, but assume the symmetry which depends upon the symmetry of the positive field. A few nonspherically symmetric potentials are studied in the present article. The nonlinear differential equation for density r is formulated and solved for Coulombic, Fues-Kratzer, and Hartmann potentials. The solutions and some particular examples are presented. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 44
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 57 (1996), S. 1107-1114 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The cycloaddition reaction of FCH(double bond)C(double bond)O and NH2CH(double bond)NH leading to 2-azetidinone was studied theoretically at the level of RHF/6-31G and RHF/6-31G*. Two possible mechanisms via a gauche or trans intermediate were compared. The obtained results show that the reaction proceeds in a gauche manner much easier than in a trans one. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 45
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 57 (1996), S. 1077-1096 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The role of the asymptotic behavior of approximating sequences of electron densities ρn(r) in the calculation of one-electron properties is studied. Rigorous mathematical results in the frame of Hilbert spaces are used to prove the following facts: (i) Both the L2 convergence of wave functions ψn and the E convergence of the corresponding energies En guarantee the correctness of the limiting procedure limn→x ∫Ω s((overline)x(/overline)|ψn|2 d(overline)x(/overline) = ∫Ω s((overline)x(/overline))|ψ|2 d(overline)x(/overline) for the most frequently used operators s(x), Ω being any bounded region of the n-particle configuration space R3N; and (ii) the uniform boundedness of the sequence {ρn} together with both the L2 and E convergencies is sufficient to guarantee the correctness of the limiting procedure limn→x ∫∞0 s(r)ρnr2dr = ∫x0 s(r)ρr2 dr for most one-electron operators s(r) including the power moment operators rk which, for large k, are representative of the class of operators not relatively form-bounded by the Hamiltonian. The mathematical concept of uniform boundedness is used to give a characterization of the capability of {ρn} to reproduce the asymptotic behavior of the true electron density ρ and it is shown by means of numerical examples how a sequence {ρn} that does not reproduce the correct asymptotic behavior is not uniformly bounded and can give divergent expectation values of one-electron operators s(r) not relatively form-bounded by the Hamiltonian. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 46
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 57 (1996), S. 1115-1119 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We performed electronic ab initio calculations of ion clusters simulating a piece of ionic crystal. Our main interest here is to estimate the (direct) energy band gap from the cluster energy levels. The model consists of a central cation surrounded by four shells of ions, with additional point charges embedding the cluster. We present results for the series of alkali halides with rock-salt structure. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 47
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 57 (1996) 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 48
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 57 (1996), S. 1133-1133 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 49
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 57 (1996), S. 1131-1131 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 50
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 57 (1996), S. 1121-1129 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We report on an isolated cluster approach to determine local electronic structures of TiO2 surfaces before and after formation of intrinsic defects, i.e., oxygen vacancies, at different crystallographic sites. In particular, isolated oxygen vacancies at bridging sites, isolated oxygen vacancies at in-plane sites and aggregated oxygen vacancies at bridging sites have been treated which lead to changes in the coordination of the adjacent Ti atoms. We find that electronic band gap states are only formed in the presence of fourfold coordinated Ti surface atoms. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 51
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 58 (1996), S. 3-10 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The quantum dynamics of prototypical three-level metastable system under external perturbations, both time-independent and time-dependent, are studied numerically as well as analytically. The regular Rabi oscillations generated in the system under a monochromatic perturbation are shown to develop additional features when the system has a metastable state. The autocorrelation function of ψ(t) reveals nondecaying, almost quasiperiodic, behavior in such systems. The Rabi oscillations turn more complex when a bichromatic perturbation with two incommensurate frequencies is allowed to interact with the three-level system, irrespective of the presence or absence of a metastable state. A rapid decay in the autocorrelation function of the wavefunction [ψ(t)] is observed in such cases. © 1996 Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 52
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 58 (1996), S. 11-21 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The present knowledge of the monotonicity properties of the spherically averaged electron density ρ(r) and its derivatives, which comes mostly from Roothan-Hartree-Fock calculations, is reviewed and extended to all Hartree-Fock ground-state atoms from hydrogen (Z = 1) to uranium (Z = 92). In looking for electron functions with universal (i.e., valid in the whole periodic table) monotonicity properties, it is found that there exist positive values of α so that the function go(r; α) = ρ(r)/rα is convex, and g1(r;α) = -ρ′(r)/rα is not only monotonically decreasing from the origin but also convex. This is, however, not the case for the function g2(r; α) = ρ′(r)/rα. Additionally, the conditions which specify values for β such that the function gn(r; β) = (-1) ′ρ(n)(r)/rβ is logarithmically convex are obtained and numerically calculated for n = 0,1 in all neutral atoms below uranium. The last property is used to obtain inequalities of general validity involving three radial expectation values which generalize all the similar ones known to date, as well as other relationships among these quantities and the values of the electron density and its derivatives at the nucleus. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 53
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 58 (1996), S. 23-28 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Pekeris' solution for vibrational-rotational levels of the Morse potential includes the unphysical domain - ∞ 〈 r 〈 0 of the internuclear separation, just like Morse's solution for vibrational levels. In this article, the method of confinement in a box is implemented to obtain the vibrational-rotational J = 1 levels of Morse potentials in the physical domain 0 〈 r 〈 ∞, as well as the corresponding Franck-Condon factors. Applications to Li2 and AIO are presented as illustrations. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 54
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 58 (1996), S. 29-39 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Potential energy curves are calculated for O2-, O2, and O2+ at the CCSD, QCISD, CCSD(T), and QCISD(T) levels of theory using aug-cc-pVDZ and aug-cc-pVTZ basis sets with electron correlation built onto inversion symmetry constrained and relaxed UHF wave functions. The spectroscopic constant re, we, we, xe, Dj, and αe, are determined from the potential curves using standard second-order perturbation theory expressions and are compared with experimental values to assess the relative accuracy of the theoretical approaches. Comparison of corresponding symmetry-constrained and symmetry-relaxed calculations indicates that the CCSD method is generally superior to CCSD(T), QCISD, and QCISD(T) in recovering from a symmetry-broken reference function. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 55
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 58 (1996), S. 41-46 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ab initio and density functional theory (DFT) methods have been applied to generated geometries of chemical systems built only from nitrogen and oxygen. The results of hybrid, local, and nonlocal DFT methods were compared with ab initio HF and MP2 methods. The suitability of DFT methods for modeling nitrogen-oxygen chemical systems is discussed. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 56
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 58 (1996), S. 47-55 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The alternative decomposition reactions CH2(OH)2 → CH2O + H2O and CH2(OH)2 + H2O → CH2O + 2H2O are investigated using the semiempirical PM3 as well as the ab initio HF/3-21G, HF/6-31G, HF/6-31G**, and MP2/6-31G** calculations. Reactants, products, and appropriate transition states are located on corresponding potential energy surfaces and compared with those reported in earlier studies. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 57
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 58 (1996), S. 57-65 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The simplest prototypical hydrogen transfer reaction, i.e., Ḣ+ H2 → H2 + Ḣ, is studied by the quantum-mechanical ab initio methods. Results reveal that during this reaction free valence which almost equals the square of the spin density develops on the migrating hydrogen atom. Bond orders are calculated using Mayer's formalism. Both the variations of bond orders and bond lengths along the reaction path are examined. Our analysis reveals that the bond formation and bond cleavage processes in this reaction are not perfectly synchronous. The bond cleavage process is slightly more advanced on the reaction path. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 58
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 58 (1996), S. 67-84 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A general scheme for theoretical treatment of organometallic reactivity is proposed. It is based upon the notion that the reactivity of a molecule is strongly affected by its coordination to metal-containing fragments. Based upon this idea we describe the large-scale organometallic reactions as reactions of the ligands in the coordination spheres of transition metal complexes. We propose here a quantum mechanical framework for analysis of effects of coordination on the reactivity and give several examples of qualitative energy profiles for reactions in the ligand spheres of transition metal complexes. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 59
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 60 (1996), S. 809-820 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Silica sodalite is an ideal model system to establish base-line computer requirements of ab initio periodic Hartree-Fock (PHF) calculations of zeolites. In this article, we investigate the effect of various basis sets on the structural and electronic properties of bulk silica sodalite. We also study the interaction of He, Ne, and Ar with the sodalite cage. Our work shows that basis-set superposition errors (BSSE) in calculations using STO-3G and 6-21G(*) basis sets are as large as the interaction energies, leading to poor confidence in the results. To cure this problem, we present high-quality basis sets for Si, O. He, Ne, and Ar, optimized for use with PHF methods, and demonstrate that the new basis set greatly reduces BSSE. The theoretical barriers for transfer of the rare gases between sodalite cages are 5.6, 13.2, and 62.1 kcal/mol for He, Ne, and Ar. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 60
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 60 (1996), S. 971-981 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A study of π-electron systems confined by impenetrable surfaces is presented. The study results in a nonempirical-based approach to obtain confinement-adapted semiempirical π-Hamiltonians including repulsive terms (PPP or Hubbard). The impenetrable surface confinement of a physical system involves changes in the boundary conditions that the eigenvectors of its differential Hamiltonian operator have to fulfill, while the Hamiltonian itself remains unchanged. However, if this Hamiltonian is written in second quantization language, then confinement only involves changes of the Hamiltonian scalar factors (integrals). Semiempirical Hamiltonian integrals are replaced by parameters; therefore, confinement involves only changes of these parameters. It is shown that confinement changes Coulomb (αi) and exchange (βij), while repulsion (γij) parameters remain unaffected. Next, the influence of confinement upon the electron correlation of (i) π-electron molecular systems, (ii) atoms, and (iii) an electron gas is discussed. The behaviour of the correlation energy vs. the confinement size is found to be different for each type of system. A neat explanation of this variety is given in terms of the Coulomb attractive fields of the systems. Some chemical confinement effects such as an increase in the reactivity of π-electron systems is also outlined. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 61
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Cl2CO … Cl2 complex was studied using ab initio post-Hartree-Fock theory at the MP2 and MP4 levels and, for comparison, the DFT method with 6-311G(2d), 6-311 + G(2d), and Sadlej's medium-size polarized (MSPBS) basis sets. A potential energy search recovered a planar minimum-energy structure characterized by a bent conformation. For this weakly bound complex, the interaction energy corrected for the basis set superposition error amounted to - 0.88, - 1.09, - 1.43, and - 0.38 kcal/mol at the MP4(SDTQ)/6-311G(2d), MP4(SDTQ)/6-311 + G(2d), MP4(SDTQ)/MSPBS, and DFT(Becke3LYP)/6-311 + G(2d) levels of theory, respectively. Two highly symmetrical forms, linear and T-shaped, correspond to transition-state conformers. The analysis of harmonic vibrational frequencies and potential energy distribution was performed at the MP2 and DFT levels with the 6-311 + G(2d) basis set. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 62
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 60 (1996), S. 993-999 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method of selection of basis functions for the quantum chemical description of atoms and molecules inside spherical and cuboidal cavities is presented. The method consists of two independent steps. First, the appropriate GTO or STO exponents are chosen by fitting the basis functions to cutoff orbitals. The criterion of maximal orbital density inside the cavity is next applied to form the final model orbital space. The method presents the fundamental advantage over many other methods of being trivially applicable in standard quantum chemical progam packages. As an illustration, the method is applied to the hydrogen atom in a spherical box. The use of contracted basis functions is also discussed. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 63
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 60 (1996), S. 1081-1091 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Electrostatic and hydrophobic complementarities between chymotrypsin and its inhibitor, avian ovomucoid third domains, were evaluated for eight species, which have different amino acid sequences, using molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) and MEP correlation, and the enzyme-inhibitor interaction was analyzed. The changes in the electrostatic and hydrophobic complementarities caused by the amino acid replacements were reflected clearly in the calculated MEP correlation, and it explained the observed binding association constants correctly. The electrostatic complementarity due to arginine at P′3 strongly promotes the binding process of the inhibitor, while the hydrophobic complementarity in the P1 and P′2 positrons also affects the binding process. It was demonstrated that our method is an effective molecular modeling tool in drug design and protein engineering. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 64
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 60 (1996), S. 875-882 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The electron localization function (ELF) was calculated for the atoms Li to Sr. The ELF maxima reveal the atomic shell structure for all these atoms. The shells are separated from each other by ELF minima. The integration of the electron density in a shell gives electron numbers. For the valence shell those are in good agreement with the ones expected from the Periodic Table of Elements. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 65
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 60 (1996), S. 883-895 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The variational method proposed earlier has been generalized, using a trial function of the form: ψ = (Λ0 + ΣsΛsms)ψ0 in which ms = r2p+1Cml, s standing for a triplet (p, l, m) and implemented into the program Hondo-8.4. The second-order density matrices are used to take into account the mono and bi-excited states (DM1 and DM2 matrices, GUGA Algorithm). This allows us to compute the dipole (α), dipole-quadrupole (A) and quadrupole (C) polarizability tensors at the CISD level. The results obtained for a series of test molecules: CO, HF, NH3, and methane with various gaussian basis sets are compared with experimental results (when available for A and C) and those obtained with other theoretical methods. The correlation is found to lower the values of the dipole polarizability which was generally too high when computed by the variational method at the RHF level and the values obtained here are in good agreement with the experimental ones. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 66
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 60 (1996), S. 1097-1100 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 67
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 58 (1996), S. 175-184 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The problems of semiempirical quantum chemical calculations of (a) spin densities in paramagnetic organometallics, (b) hydrogen bonds, and (c) bond energies and the structure of transition-metal compounds are discussed. Some modifications of the existing semiempirical quantum chemical method are presented. An extended NDDO approximation has been developed. This scheme includes explicit symmetric orthogonalization of the core Hamiltonian and the use of Hellmann's effective core potential for core-electron interaction. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 68
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 58 (1996), S. 185-192 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A simplified LCAO-DFT-LDA scheme for calculations of structure and electronic structure of large molecules, clusters, and solids is presented. Forces on the atoms are calculated in a semiempirical way considering the electronic states. The small computational effort of this treatment allows one to perform molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of molecules and clusters up to a few hundred atoms as well as corresponding simulations of condensed systems within the Born-Oppenheimer approximation. The accuracy of the method is illustrated by the results of calculations for a series of small molecules and clusters. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 69
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 58 (1996) 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 70
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 58 (1996), S. 193-202 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We describe enhancements to the method of partial retention of diatomic differential overlap (PRDDO). The new method, denoted PRDDO/M, employs a basis set of not quite orthogonal atomic orbitals (NQOAOS) and utilizes sparse matrix techniques to greatly increase the computational efficiency for large molecules. Other modifications, including a complete reparametrization of the method against ab initio STO-3G calculations and implementation of integral screening/damping algorithms, are described. The method is an order of magnitude or more faster than are STO 3G single-point calculations using modern ab initio codes, with little loss in accuracy. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 71
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 58 (1996), S. 121-121 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: No Abstracts.
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  • 72
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 58 (1996), S. 203-216 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The electronic structure and bonding of UF6 and UF6- are studied within a relativistic framework using the MOLFDIR program package. A stronger bonding but more ionic molecule is found if one compares the relativistic with the nonrelativistic results. The first peak in the photoelectron spectrum of Karlsson et al. is assigned to the 12γ8u component of the 4t1u orbital, in agreement with other theoretical and experimental results. Good agreement is found between the experimental and theoretical 5f spectrum UF6-. Some properties, like the dissociation energy and electron affinity, are calculated and the necessity of a fully relativistic framework is shown. The Breit interaction has an effect on the core spinors and the spin-orbit splitting of these spinors but the influence on the valence spectrum is negligible. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 73
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 58 (1996), S. 217-217 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: No Abstracts.
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  • 74
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 58 (1996), S. 219-240 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Quantum chemical and molecular modeling computations on large molecular systems are defined for the computational facilities assumed to be available from now to the next 4 years. We considered a few topics which are requiring much attention. The correlation energy is discussed in some detail and we have presented two new functionals, called the J-functional and the K-functional, which make use of Coulomb or exchange-type integrals. In addition, we report new computational results for the Coulomb-Hole-Hartree-Fock approximation. Very brief summaries on new developments in relativistic Dirac-Fock computation and in density functional theory, on the advantages gained by using different basis sets in the same computation, and on the promises of parallel computing conclude the article. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 75
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 58 (1996), S. 241-250 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We investigated the dependence of the electrostatic potential on the size and the shape of various cluster models of the MgO(100) surface. Both Mg2+ and O2- adsorption sites have been considered. The clusters were embedded in a large array of point charges to provide a representation of the Madelung potential. We found that the electrostatic potential in the adsorption region shows a marked dependence on the size of the cluster, in particular, for non-stoichiometric clusters where the number of cations and anions differs considerably. These oscillations are due to (a) the different contribution to the electrostatic potential given by a point charge or by an extended ion, and (b) by the polarization of the ions at the cluster border. The effect of the oscillations in the electrostatic potential on the chemisorption properties was investigated for the case of CO2 interacting with surface and defect O2- sites of the MgO surface. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 76
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 58 (1996), S. 251-265 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Electronic properties of a water molecule embedded in a water droplet are studied in the framework of the generalized self-consistent reaction field approach, using ab initio Hartree-Fock and configuration interaction wave functions. Electrostatic and inductive effects of the surrounding water molecules were calculated with the help of configurations drawn from a classical molecular dynamics simulation. Basis-set effects and solute-solvent interaction operator representation are examined. Embedding energies and liquid-phase multipole moments obtained from the present mixed quantum-classical model are compared with corresponding quantities for purely classical water models. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 77
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This article describes the present status of the program system ASTERIX and its move toward an efficient implementation on distributed memory computers with 128 processors or more. The ASTERIX program is currently used for scf and ci calculations on what we consider to be truly large systems; polyoxometallates, metallocarbohedrenes, organometallic clusters, and polypeptides. A brief review of our projects in those fields, either recently achieved or in progress, is provided. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 78
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 58 (1996), S. 283-295 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Various approaches for surface simulation are described. They are based on free, saturated, and embedded clusters, as well as periodic models. The features of semiempirical methods are reviewed and ideas for their improvement are discussed. Special features of the structure and stability of clusters are presented which are suitable for the transition to the solid state. Linear and nonlinear relationships for binding energies and bond lengths in dependence of the average coordination number are discussed. Finally, a systematic way for the simulation of adsorption at ion crystal surfaces by model clusters is suggested. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 79
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 60 (1996), S. 1549-1558 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Theoretical models will be presented in which the internal energy of (a) a ferromagnet and (b) a pyroelectric material is expressed in terms of magnetization and electric polarization, respectively. For the ferromagnet, simple models of elementary excitations (e.g., spin wave theory in an insulator, to which Stoner excitations must be added in a metal) lead to formulas for the internal energy at low temperature as power laws in the change of magnetization from its saturation value. An unconventional use of two order parameters, the sublattice magnetization plus the metallic discontinuity in momentum distribution at the Fermi surface, allows the phase transition between metallic and insulating states of antiferromagnets to be treated at T = 0, the three-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides being an example here. The treatment of the internal energy of the ferromagnet is then extended to include the entropy also, using specifically the Ising model in nonzero external magnetic field. Its relevance to the Landau theory of phase transitions will be emphasized. Some comments will finally be made about the analogue for pyroelectrics. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 80
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 60 (1996), S. 1429-1441 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the electronic structure and properties of Fe, Ni, and Cu carbonyls with one and five transition-element atoms are reported, due to their importance in heterogeneous catalysis (especially in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis). The local density approximation (LDA) with the Vosko-Wilk-Nussain (VWN) correlation functional as well as the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) using Becke's 1988 exchange functional and Perdew's 1986 correlation functional (BP method) were applied to the study of the clusters using a triple-zeta plus polarization (TZP) basis set. Triplet and quintuplet states for FeCO, singlet and triplet for NiCO, and doublet for CuCO were considered, and optimization of energy at the LDA/BP level for these cases was done. Dissociation energies in M and CO fragments, frequencies, and population analysis were performed. Geometry optimization of the distance between the C atom and the clusters M5 (with geometries taken from the crystals) were carried out and the dissociation energy in fragments M5 and CO as well as population analysis at the optimized geometries were also done. Comparison between our results and some others published using ab initio and density functional methods were performed. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 60 (1996), S. 1443-1455 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) occurs at a certain magnetic field strengths B*(n) in a two-dimensional electron gas of density n at strong magnetic fields perpendicular to the plane of the electron gas. At these magnetic fields strengths, the system is incompressible, i.e., there is a finite cost in energy for creating charge density fluctuations in the bulk, while the boundary of the electron gas has gapless modes of density waves. The bulk energy gap arises because of the strong electron-electron interactions. While there are very good models for infinite homogeneous systems and for the gapless excitations of the boundary of the electron gas, computational methods to accurately model finite, inhomogeneous systems with more than about 10 electrons have not been available until very recently. We will here review an ensemble density functional approach to studying the ground state of large inhomogeneous spin-polarized FQHE systems. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 82
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 60 (1996), S. 1537-1548 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In a positively charged metallic cluster, surface tension tends to enhance the ionic density with respect to its bulk value, while surface-charge repulsion tends to reduce it. Using the stabilized jellium model, we examine the self-expansion and compression of positively charged clusters of simply metals. Quantal results from the Kohn-Sham equations using the local density approximation are compared with continuous results from the liquid drop model. The positive background is constrained to a spherical shape. Numerical results for the equilibrium radius and the elastic stiffness are presented for singly and doubly positively charged aluminum, sodium, and cesium clusters of 1-20 atoms. Self-expansion occurs for small charged clusters of sodium and cesium, but not of aluminum. The effect of the expansion or compression on the ionization energies is analyzed. For Al6, we also consider net charges greater than 2+. The results of the stabilized jellium model for self-compression are compared with those of other models, including the SAPS (spherical averaged pseudopotential model). © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 83
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 60 (1996), S. 1585-1594 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In this work, we examine several continuum models for estimating the free energy of solvation. We find statistically that the best overall one-parameter fit depends only on whether there is a hydrogen bond or not. Within the non-hydrogen-bonded set of molecules, a three-parameter fit including molecular volume, molecular surface area, and the electrostatic component from any reaction field model is quite successful. We do not find a strong bias for any of the dielectric models, although the PCM model of Tomasi and co-workers seems to slightly surpass the others. Within the hydrogen-bonded set of compounds, a good fit can be obtained simply by considering the surface accessible area of each atom, together with a dispersion and electrostatic interaction descriptor (a six-parameter fit). Such a model, containing primarily nonquantum chemical descriptors, extrapolates very well to the solvation energies of the non-hydrogen-bonded set with an overall R2 = 0.9334. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 84
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 60 (1996), S. 1607-1613 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In recent experimental studies of infrared (IR) spectra of hydrated phenol clusters, the Mikami and Ebata group at Tohoku University attributed apparently two very different spectra to PhOH(H2O)4. The first spectrum has a wide transparent region between 3500 and 3700 cm-1, which they named a window region. The second spectrum has several absorption bands in this window region. Our previous study revealed that the first spectrum was assigned to the isomers which have a single-ring structure of a hydrogen-bonding network of OH's of phenol and waters. The experimentalists suggested that the second spectrum might be identified to a proton-transferred phenol(SINGLEBOND)water cluster. In the present article, the geometrical structures of proton-transferred hydrated phenol clusters were determined with the ab initio molecular orbital method and their IR spectra were calculated. The proton-transferred phenol(SINGLEBOND)water cluster is at a stable local minimum, but the energy is much higher than that of the most stable nontransferred cluster. The calculated IR spectrum has a still wider window region and is far different from the experimental spectrum of the second type. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 85
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 60 (1996), S. 1651-1660 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Density functional calculations for ethylene glycol (CH2OHCH2OH) in the gas and in a dielectric medium are reported. The condensed-phase calculations are based on the self-consistent reaction field approach and the environment has the dielectric constant of liquid methanol. NPT Monte Carlo simulations of ethylene glycol (ETG) in liquid methanol are also reported. The simulations were carried out for three conformers of ETG (tGg′, gGg′, and tTt). Comparison between SCRF results for the conformational equilibrium in the gas and in the dielectric suggests that the tGg′ conformer is slightly stabilized relative to the gGg′ conformer in the solvent. However, the energy difference between them is less the 1.0 kJ/mol, which indicates that frequent interconversions between the tGg′ and gGg′ conformers are expected in the condensed phase. The all-trans conformer (tTt) is higher than the most stable conformer in the gas by 14 kJ/mol. Monte Carlo simulations predict that the tGg′ and gGg′ conformers have very similar energies in the solvent. However, the simulations also show, in agreement with experimental data, that the tTt conformer is stabilized in liquid methanol, relative to the gas phase. The microscopic mechanism leading to the stabilization of the tTt conformer in the liquid is related to the differential hydrogen-bonding formation between the ETG conformers and the methanol molecules. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 86
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 60 (1996), S. 1685-1689 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In intense laser fields, atoms and molecules can absorb many more photons than required for ionization. This phenomenon is called above-threshold ionization (ATI) and it shows up in kinetic energy spectra of ionized electrons. The presence of very high energy photoelectrons necessitates the use of extremely large grids in numerical simulations based on the full time-dependent Schrödinger equation. We show that by using a wave function splitting scheme one can circumvent the problem of large grids and thus obtain accurate multiphoton photoelectron spectra. This scheme will be very useful in studies of ATI spectra generated by molecules in intense laser fields. We illustrate this method for a one-dimensional model of the H atom in intense laser fields. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 87
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 60 (1996) 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 88
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 60 (1996), S. 1215-1215 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 89
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 60 (1996), S. 1735-1743 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: He(I) ultraviolet (UV) photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio, self-consistent field (SCF) calculations with the 6-31G basis set have been employed to characterize the valence electronic structures of anionic 2′-deoxyadenosine-5′-phosphate (5′-dAMP-). Theoretical ionization potentials (IPs) of 5'-dAMP-, of the neutral model compounds 9-methyladenine (9-MeA) and 3-hydroxytetrahydrofuran (3-OH-THF), and of the model anion CH3HPO4- have been obtained by applying Koopmans' theorem to ab initio SCF results. The ionization potentials predicted from the SCF calculations have been compared to He(I) photoelectron spectra of 9-MeA and 3-OH-THF. The SCF calculations predict a value (8.45 eV), for the highest occupied π orbital in 9-MeA which agrees well with the experimental vertical IP (8.39 eV). However, IPs for the highest occupied lone-pair orbitals in 3-OH-THF are predicted to be more than 1.52 eV higher than the experimental IPs. Results from recently reported [H. S. Kim and P. R. LeBreton, Proc. Natl. Sci. USA 91, 3725-3729 (1994), and N. S. Kim and P. R. LeBreton, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 118, 3694 (1996)] second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation (MP2) calculations and configuration interaction calculations using the configuration interaction singles (CIS) method indicate that configuration interaction effects strongly influence the energies of the first five ionization events arising from removal of electrons from the closed-shell model anion CH3HPO4-. Results from the 6-31G SCF calculations of 5′-dAMP-, 9-MeA, 3-OH-THF, and CH3HPO4- indicates that valence orbital electron distributions in the nucleotide and in the model compounds and anion are similar. The correspondence between the orbital structure of the nucleotide, and the model compounds and anion makes it possible, employing experimental photoelectron data and MP2/CIS computational results for the model compounds and anion, to individually correct IPs calculated for the nucleotide at the 6-31G SCF level. Here, this approach has provided values for the 13 lowest IPs of 5′-dAMP- and indicates that the first IPs of the base, sugar, and phosphate groups are 6.1, 7.8, and 5.5 eV, respectively. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 90
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 60 (1996), S. 1815-1827 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A conformational search was carried out for five opioid peptide homologues and for angiotensin II. Density of states versus energy plots were obtained for each peptide, and the occurrence of common main-chain conformations was investigated by searching homologies between strings of four, five, and six contiguous main-chain amino acid residues rotamers. The results were compared to rates of hydrolysis by endooligopeptidase (EOP) 24.15, known for its specificity for substrate conformations. A catalytic assay of the hydrolysis of angiotensin II was also performed. The two best substrates of EOP 24.15 were found to share unique main-chain conformations and the two worst substrates of EOP 24.15 were found to be nonstructurally homologous to each other and the remaining peptide chains. The conformational search is compared to previous experimental and theoretical results. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 91
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 60 (1996) 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 92
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 60 (1996), S. 1725-1725 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 93
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 58 (1996), S. 537-537 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 94
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 58 (1996), S. 539-540 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 95
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 59 (1996), S. 3-6 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Irregularities in the connection of the high- and low-density forms of the Perdew-Zunger correlation energy functional lead to computational difficulties that are removed by a new parametrization. These parametrizations and a number of other correlation functionals are compared and discussed. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 96
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 59 (1996), S. 7-14 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In this article, an attempt was made to develop an activation process model. The average energy of the translational motion of the atoms, taking part in the elementary activation process and being in the thermodynamic equilibrium with thermal radiation, was obtained using the quantum canonical Gibbs distribution and the model principles of elementary activation. The degeneracy and exclusion of some excited vibrational levels were taken into consideration, the result being a strong dependence of the probability of surmounting the activation barrier on the behavior of the excited vibrational states of the quantum subsystems. As an application of the development model, the formulas of the preexponential factor for solid-state atomic diffusivity and first-order chemical reaction rate constants were derived. Quantitative analysis of the atomic diffusion in solids in the framework of our model has made it possible to describe the diffusion processes in metals, covalent semiconductors, as well as diffusion anomalies, connected with the “nonclassical” behavior of the empirical Arrhenius dependence. A possible physical essence of a kinetic compensation effect is discussed. It was shown that compensation may be caused by only changing the degeneracy of the vibrational levels of the quantum subsystems. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 97
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 59 (1996), S. 15-29 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The general expression for the sixth-order Møller-Plesset (MP6) energy, E(MP6), has been dissected in the principal part A and the renormalization part R. Since R contains unlinked diagram contributions, which are canceled by corresponding terms of the principal part A, E(MP6) has been derived solely from the linked diagram terms of the principal part A. These have been identified by a simple procedure that starts by separating A into connected and disconnected cluster operator diagrams and adding terms associated with the former fully to the correlation energy. After closing all open disconnected cluster operator diagrams, one can again distinguish between connected and disconnected energy diagrams, of which only the former lead to linked diagram representations and, therefore, contributions to E(MP6). The connected diagram parts of A have been collected in four energy terms E(MP6)1, E(MP6)2, E(MP6)3, and E(MP6)4. The sum of these terms has led to an appropriate energy formula for E(MP6) in terms of first- and second-order cluster operators. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 98
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 59 (1996), S. 31-55 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Based on a cluster operator formulation of sixth-order Møller-Plesset (MP6) perturbation theory equations for the calculation of MP6 in terms of spin-orbital two-electron integrals are derived. Efficiency has been gained by systematically using intermediate arrays for the determination of energy contributions resulting from disconnected cluster operators. In this way, the maximum cost factor of O(M12) (M being number of basis functions) is reduced to O(M9). The implementation of MP6 on a computer is described. The reliability of calculated MP6 correlation energies has been checked in three different ways, namely (a) by comparison with full configuration interaction (CI) results, (b) by using alternative computational routines that do not involve intermediate arrays, and (c) by taking advantage of relationships between fifth-order and sixth-order energy contributions. First applications of the MP6 method are presented. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 99
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 59 (1996), S. 57-69 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A comparison of sixth-order Møller-Plesset perturbation energies (MP6) with the corresponding full configuration interaction (FCI) energies shows that in the case of equilibrium geometries MP6 values differ by just 1.7 mhartree. MP6 correlation energies turn out to be important for systems with oscillatory convergence behavior as well as for systems with considerable multireference character. Contributions from pentuple (P) and hextuple (H) excitations are mostly positive and smaller than 1 mhartree in the cases investigated. Initial oscillations in the convergence behavior of a MPn series result from positive fifth-order T energy contributions to the correlation energy. In these cases, MP6 correlation energies are relatively large (T contributions dominate the total correlation energy) and absolutely necessary when estimating the convergence limit of the MPn series. MP6 is an O(M9) method and, therefore, can only be used for relatively small electron systems. More economic alternatives are given by the approximated MP6 methods MP6(M8) and MP6(M7), which involve O(M8) and O(M7) operations, respectively. According to calculated absolute and relative energies, MP6(M7) is an attractive alternative to full MP6 because it offers reasonable sixth-order results for cost comparable to those of MP4. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 100
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 59 (1996), S. 97-102 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The characteristic polynomial associated with π-electrons of conjugated molecules are discussed by using subgraphs derived from molecular graphs as a basis for their construction. A practical method has been developed for evaluating the coefficient aK of conjugated molecules. Applying this method, the general formulas of evaluating the coefficient aK for homologous conjugated molecules have been obtained. The approach is illustrated on a few simple conjugated systems, including also a few polymeric systems. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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