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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetoencephalography May Help to Improve Functional MRI Brain Mapping (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 9 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The validity of functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) brain maps with respect to the sites of neuronal activation is still unknown. One source of localization error may be pixels with large signal amplitudes, since such pixels may be expected to overlie large vessels, running remote from the centre of neuronal activation. In this study, magnetoencephalography was used to determine the centre of neuronal activation in a simple finger tapping task. The localization accuracy of conventional FMRI depending on FMRI signal enhancement was investigated relative to the magnetoencephalography reference. The results show a deterioration of FMRI localization with increasing signal amplitude related to increased contributions from large vessels. We conclude that FMRI data analysis should exclude large signal amplitudes and that magnetoencephalography may help to improve FMRI brain mapping results in a multimethod approach.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.1997.tb01457.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparing Localization of Conventional Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Magnetoencephalography (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 7 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The technique of functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) allows the measurement of functional cerebral blood flow changes occurring with specific tasks. However, the spatial relationship between neuronal activity and functional cerebral blood flow changes is not kno'wn yet. This study compares the centre of neuronal activation (measured by magnetoencephalography) with that of the blood flow response (measured by FMRI) to unilateral motor stimulation in eight subjects. The results show a mean localization difference of 1.6 cm and demand application of methodological improvements as recently suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.1995.tb01101.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bone marrow scintigraphy using Technetium-99m antigranulocyte antibody in malignant lymphomas (1999)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 10 (1999), S. 79-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: bone marrow scintigraphy ; immunoscintigraphy ; malignant lymphoma ; Tc-99m labelled anti-NCA-95
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: The purpose of this study was to elucidate the clinical reliability of immunoscintigraphy (IS) to detect infiltration of the bone marrow in patients with malignant lymphoma. Patients and methods: Whole body IS was performed in 103 patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) using Tc-99m labelled anti-NCA-95 which allows visualization of the granulopoietic bone marrow. Of these, 52% were studied prior to any therapy. Findings were compared to posterior iliac crest biopsy as well as MRI and/or follow-up examination. Criteria of marrow infiltration were a positive biopsy, positive follow-up, or positive results of MRI. Results: Comparison of IS and biopsy revealed concordant findings in 69 and discordant findings in 34 of 103 patients. Of the 34 patients with discordant results, IS showed lesions suspicious of bone marrow infiltration in 29 patients despite normal biopsy findings. When follow-up and additional examinations were taken into consideration, 10 patients remained with probably false positive and five with false negative IS findings. IS proved to be highly sensitive and specific in patients with HD (100% and 84%, respectively) and high-grade NHL (93% and 84%, respectively). Moderate sensitivity (60%) was found in low-grade NHL. This was possibly due to false negative IS in three to five patients with chemotherapy in contrast to one of five false negative results in patients without chemotherapy. Conclusion: Bone marrow scintigraphy using antigranulocyte antibodies is highly sensitive in HD and high-grade NHL. Positive findings in IS subsequent to a negative biopsy should be followed by guided re-biopsy or MRI.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008356910239
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Klinische Wertigkeit der Positronen-Emissions-Tomographie in der Neuromedizin Positionspapier zu den Ergebnissen einer interdisziplinären Konsensuskonferenz (1998)
    Springer
    Der Nervenarzt 69 (1998), S. 1045-1060 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Positronen-Emissions-Tomographie (PET) ; Neurologie ; Neurochirurgie ; Psychiatrie ; Key words Positron emission tomography ; Neurology ; Neurosurgery ; Psychiatry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary To date, positron emission tomography (PET) is the most powerful method for the in-vivo investigation of human brain metabolism. Besides extensive application of this technology in the neurosciences, PET is also being increasingly used as a clinical tool. However, despite its acceptance in clinical practice, a major obstacle is its high costs. The present article reviews the literature on the clinical use of PET in neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry in order to substantiate the clinical indications for PET in these specialties as established by an interdisciplinary conference.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Positronen-Emissions-Tomographie (PET) ist das derzeit leistungsfähigste Verfahren zur In-vivo-Untersuchung des zerebralen Stoffwechsels. Neben einem breitgefächerten Einsatz von PET in der neuromedizinischen Forschung findet die PET zunehmend auch Eingang in die klinische Diagnostik. Dieser Entwicklung entgegen stehen die relativ hohen Kosten, die mit diesem Verfahren verbunden sind. Die vorliegende Arbeit begründet die, in einer interdisziplinären Konferenz erarbeiteten Konsensusindikationen für den klinischen Einsatz der PET in der Neurologie, Neurochirurgie und Psychiatrie durch Aufarbeitung der einschlägigen Literatur.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001150050382
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface analysis of polyethyleneterephthalate by ESCA and TOF-SIMS (1997)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 358 (1997), S. 251-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract PET (poly(ethylene-terephthalate)) samples provided by different suppliers were investigated with the surface-sensitive methods as electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). Analysis by means of ESCA provides chemical information from a near-surface region of roughly 6 nm. Specific ESCA data on chemical shifts and on the ratio between oxygen and carbon are compared with corresponding values expected for the molecular structure of bulk PET. In addition, direct chemical information on the molecular structure at the PET surface (essentially from the first two monolayers) has been obtained by TOF-SIMS. Especially, positive and negative TOF-SIMS mass spectra were analyzed in detail and assigned with respect to characteristic polymer fragment ions. Several polymer additives as well as some contaminations present at the PET surfaces could be identified with TOF-SIMS. Dependent on the PET supplier, antioxidants and lubricants such as Irgafos 168, octylstearate, octylpalmitate, octylarachidate and PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) found at the sample surfaces give typical positive and negative ion fragments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160050398
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Beteiligung des Lymphgefäßsystems beim primär nichtlymphogenen Ödem des Beines Untersuchungen mit der Zwei-Kompartiment-Lymphszintigraphie (1997)
    Springer
    Der Hautarzt 48 (1997), S. 556-567 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1173
    Keywords: SchlüsselwörterÖdem ; Lymphszintigraphie ; 99mTechnetium-Nanokolloid ; Key words Edema ; Lymphoscintigraphy ; 99mTechnetium-Nanocolloid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Two-compartment lymphoscintigraphy was developed to examine the sub- and epifascial lymphatics of the leg. Digital images were evaluated visually and semiquantitatively by calculating the uptake of activity within the lymph nodes. The data from patient groups with four different types of leg edema were compared with those of the control group to prove the involvement of the lymphatics in the non-lymphatic edema. The cyclic idiopathic edema demonstrated an accelerated transport of the lymph consistent with a high volume insufficiency. In phlebedema the high volume insufficiency was epifascially so distinct, that it could be detected scintigraphically. In post thrombotic syndrome the transport of the lymph was reduced dramatically corresponding to a safety valve insufficiency. Epifascially however, an accelerated lymph flow was observed due to compensatory mechanisms. The lipedema did not show any scintigraphic abnormalities. These results show that two-compartment lymphoscintigraphy can detect alterations in lymphatic function secondary to non-lymphogenic leg edema. The lymphatic function is changed according to the underlying pathophysiology which may be facilitate the differential diagnosis of such a leg edema.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Zwei-Kompartiment-Lymphszintigraphie wurde zur Funktionsuntersuchung des sub- und epifaszialen Lymphgefäßsystems der Beine entwickelt. Hierbei ermöglicht die digitale Ganzkörperszintigraphie die visuelle Beurteilung des Lymphabstroms aus den Beinen. Zusätzlich erfolgt durch die Berechnung des in die Lymphknoten transportierten und dort phagozytierten Radiopharmakons eine semiquantitative Beurteilung, die einen Vergleich von Lymphgesunden mit Patientenkollektiven zuläßt. Bei zyklisch-idiopathischen Ödemen zeigte sich ein beschleunigter Lymphtransport im Sinne einer Hochvolumeninsuffizienz. Bei Phlebödemen war die Hochvolumeninsuffizienz des epifaszialen Kompartiments teilweise so ausgeprägt, daß sie szintigraphisch durch überhöhte Uptakewerte zu detektieren war. Bei postthrombotischen Syndromen war der Lymphtransport subfaszial bei allen Patienten erheblich eingeschränkt im Sinne einer Sicherheitsventilinsuffizienz. Epifaszial hingegen konnte ein kompensatorisch beschleunigter Lymphtransport nachgewiesen werden. Das Lipödem zeigte szintigraphisch keine Auffälligkeiten. Diese Ergebnisse lassen erkennen, daß mit der Zwei-Kompartiment-Lymphszintigraphie eine Mitreaktion des Lymphsystems bei primär nicht lymphödematösen Ödemformen des Beines nachgewiesen werden kann. Der Lymphtransport ändert sich hierbei in Abhängigkeit von der Pathophysiologie, die dem jeweiligen Beinödem zugrunde liegt, so daß dies differentialdiagnostisch genutzt werden kann.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001050050627
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A versatile plasma technique to improve plastic materials against gas and water-vapour permeation (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 34 (1999), S. 349-353 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Plasma-enhanced chemical deposition processes have been studied by comparing the performance of flexible diffusion barrier layers on plastic films produced in the same reactor. Under similar experimental conditions, a higher deposition rate is achieved by microwave discharges than by bipolar, pulsed d.c. magnetron sputtering processes. However, with both discharge modes, dense hydrocarbon coatings were produced, exhibiting a barrier improvement factor up to 120 and a flexibility ranging from 1.1%–8.8% before formation of microcracks started to dominate permeation characteristics. The density of the coatings is 1.0–1.6 g cm−3 and their hydrogen content varies from 23%–33%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004469909547
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mangan-Zink-Ferrite mit spontaner Isopermschleife (1960)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 47 (1960), S. 274-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01210748
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book review (1997)
    Springer
    European journal of nuclear medicine 24 (1997), S. 80-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01728315
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An update on diagnostic methods in the investigation of diseases of the thyroid (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of nuclear medicine 23 (1996), S. 587-594 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Thyroid diseases ; Laboratory tests ; Ultrasonography ; Scintigraphy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Iodine deficiency and iodine-deficiency disorders continue to be problems in several parts of Europe, requiring further improvements in the techniques employed in thyroid diagnosis, and particularly in the early diagnosis and risk assessment of autonomously functioning thyroid tissue. For the latter purpose, scintigraphy with technetium-99m pertechnetate under exogenous or endogenous thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) suppression provides the best results. Significant methodological improvements in laboratory tests have resulted from the application of new luminescent techniques and gene technology to thyroid function tests. Especially TSH measurement using second- or third-generation assays ensures diagnostic accuracy, so that the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) test is now almost always unnecessary. The differentiation of blocking and stimulating TSH receptor antibodies is relevant when discrepant results are obtained with respect to thyroid function. Determination of glycosaminoglycans in urine may become a helpful tool in the follow-up of endocrine ophthalmopathy. Some new imaging agents have recently been applied in the scintigraphy of thyroid diseases, such as octreotide, or in thyroid diagnosis, such as fluorodeoxyglucose. Both improve the detectability of metastases of thyroid cancer, especially if the radioiodine scan is negative.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00833398
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