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  • 1995-1999  (8)
  • 1960-1964
  • 1950-1954
  • 1996  (8)
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  • 1995-1999  (8)
  • 1960-1964
  • 1950-1954
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neutron diffraction determination of the nuclear spin ordering in Cu and Ag at nano- and subnano-K temperatures (invited) : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 5078-5080 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The spontaneous nuclear spin ordering in the simple diamagnetic metals Cu and Ag has been studied by neutron diffraction using the spin dependent part of the nuclear cross section. Simple antiferromagnetic ordering of type I has been found in zero field for these fcc-systems below 60 and 560 pK for Cu and Ag, respectively. The ordering in an applied field has been investigated and the phase diagrams have been determined: a very complex phase diagram with different magnetic structures, strong hysteresis, and time dependence was found for Cu, while in Ag the phase diagram is very simple. Comparison with ab initio calculations allows a rather deep insight into the interactions leading to the ordering. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361579
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Meyer–Neldel behavior of deep level parameters in heterojunctions to Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 69 (1996), S. 2888-2890 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Admittance spectroscopy was measured on Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 thin film and single crystal heterojunctions. The emission rates of defects for various near-stoichiometric compositions follow a Meyer–Neldel rule, showing increasing attempt-to-escape frequencies with increasing defect depth. Defects in highly (In,Ga)-rich material showed lower attempt-to-escape frequencies and follow a separate Meyer–Neldel relation. Repetitive air annealing of a CuInSe2 heterojunction revealed a shift of the depth and capture cross section of an observed defect. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.117352
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Can prostate-specific antigen be used as a valid end point to determine the efficacy of chemotherapy for advanced prostate cancer? (1996)
    Springer
    World journal of urology 14 (1996), S. S26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8726
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary It is current practice in many clinical trials evaluating new chemotherapy regimens for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer to use prostate-specific antigen (PSA) decline as a response criteria with the assumption that the level of PSA reflects the efficacy of chemotherapy. Advanced prostate cancer is heterogeneous; therefore, the validity of PSA decline as a measurable end point was studied in advanced human prostate-cancer cell lines: androgen-sensitive LNCaP and androgen-insensitive PC3 cells. Each cell line was grown for 4 days with escalating doses of Adriamycin or vinblastine. Cell counts, intracellular PSA concentrations, and secreted PSA levels were determined daily for 4 days. Untreated LNCaP cells had constant secretion of PSA per cell. In contrast, LNCaP cells treated with Adriamycin or vinblastine had an 80% reduction in cell numbers and a 3-fold increase in secreted PSA per cell by day 4. In contrast, PC3 cells had a different response to Adriamycin and vinblastine. Both drugs reduced cell numbers by 97% of control values and suppressed PSA production in the remaining viable cells by 4 days in culture. Thus, prostate-cancer cell production of PSA is variable with chemotherapy and the PSA level may not accurately reflect the actual tumor response to chemotherapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00182061
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CuGaSe2 solar cells with 9.7% power conversion efficiency (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 181-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 72.70; 85.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract.  Heterojunctions, such as ZnO/CdS/CuGaSe2, were fabricated for photovoltaic applications. Optimization of device structures based on monocrystalline CuGaSe2 led to the highest-to-date power conversion efficiencies for CuGaSe2 solar cells. At room temperature under 100 mW/cm2 AM1.5 illumination a maximum cell efficiency of 9.7% was achieved, given by an open-circuit voltage of 946 mV, a short circuit current density of 15.5 mA/cm2, and a fill factor of 66.5%. Preparation and performance of the optimum device are described. Current voltage characteristics dependent on illumination intensity and temperature, spectral response and electron-beam-induced current measurements were performed to determine the device parameters as well as to analyse the current transport and loss mechanisms. Tunneling, assisted by defect levels in the CdS layer, seems to play a major role. High injection effects are observed at forward bias of V〉0.5 V or an illumination level of P〉10 mW/cm2. Under such conditions, as well as at low temperatures, the non-zero series resistance comes into play. Effects of the shunt resistance, however, are negligible in all cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003390050282
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CuGaSe2 solar cells with 9.7% power conversion efficiency (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 181-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 72.70 ; 85.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Heterojunctions, such as ZnO/CdS/CuGaSe2, were fabricated for photovoltaic applications. Optimization of device structures based on monocrystalline CuGaSe2 led to the highest-to-date power conversion efficiencies for CuGaSe2 solar cells. At room temperature under 100 mW/cm2 AM1.5 illumination a maximum cell efficiency of 9.7% was achieved, given by an open-circuit voltage of 946 mV, a short circuit current density of 15.5 mA/cm2, and a fill factor of 66.5%. Preparation and performance of the optimum device are described. Current voltage characteristics dependent on illumination intensity and temperature, spectral response and electron-beam-induced current measurements were performed to determine the device parameters as well as to analyse the current transport and loss mechanisms. Tunneling, assisted by defect levels in the CdS layer, seems to play a major role. High injection effects are observed at forward bias ofV 〉 0.5 V or an illumination level ofP 〉 10 mW/cm2. Under such conditions, as well as at low temperatures, the non-zero series resistance comes into play. Effects of the shunt resistance, however, are negligible in all cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01575717
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soluble adhesion molecules in NIDDM: increased concentration, relation to glycometabolic control and possible pathophysiological significance (1996)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 39 (1996), S. 868-869 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050524
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Five days of erythromycin estolate versus ten days of penicillin V in the treatment of group a streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis in children (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 15 (1996), S. 712-717 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In a randomized, prospective, multicenter trial, 227 children ranging in age from 3 to 17 years who had tonsillopharyngitis and a throat culture positive for group A beta-hemolytic streptococci (GABHS) were treated with erythromycin estolate (40 mg/kg/d in two divided doses for five days) or penicillin V (30 mg/kg/d in three divided doses for ten days). Clinical signs and symptoms of tonsillopharyngitis were recorded, and throat cultures were obtained before treatment as well as one to three days and six weeks after treatment. Clinical success (cure and improvement) was observed on days 6 to 8 in 100 of 102 (98%) assessable children treated with erythromycin estolate and on days 11 to 13 in 97 of 99 (98%) assessable children treated with penicillin V. Of all patients showing clinical success, 11 were rated as improved, all of whom were treated with erythromycin estolate. There was a trend towards increased use of analgesic treatment in the erythromycin estolate group (41 % vs 33%). On completion of treatment, the rate of eradication of GABHS was 83.3% in the erythromycin estolate group compared with 87.9% in the penicillin V group. The difference is not significant but does not take into account patients excluded because of erythromycin resistance (3.7%). Clinical recurrence was observed in 11 (10.8%) patients treated with erythromycin estolate and in 6 (6.1%) patients treated with penicillin V (non-significant difference). Compliance in the erythromycin estolate group was statistically superior to that in the penicillin V group. The incidence and nature of adverse events were similar in both treatment groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01691957
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamic short-range order observed in the (Zn)[Fe2]O4 spinel by neutron diffraction, μSR, and Mössbauer experiments (1996)
    Springer
    Hyperfine interactions 97-98 (1996), S. 373-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9540
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Using neutron diffraction (ND), muon-spin rotation/relaxation (μSR), and57Fe-Mössbauer spectroscopy (MS) we have investigated magnetic properties of the normal spinel (Zn)[Fe2]O4. In compounds which are slowly cooled from 1200°C to room temperature inversion is below detection limits. AtT N = 10.5 K the spinel exhibits long-range antiferromagnetic order (LRO). The transition as seen in thermal-scan spectra by MS is very sharp. However, ND andμSR experiments show that already at temperatures of ∼ 10T N a short-range antiferromagnetic ordering (SRO) develops which extends through ∼70% of the sample volume just aboveT N . BelowT N SRO and LRO coexist. At 4.2 K still ∼25% of the sample is short-range ordered. The regions over which the SRO extends have a size of ∼ 3 nm. Their fluctuation rates are in the GHz range. Modern ab initio cluster calculations successfully describe the magnetic hyperfine fields as well as the electric field gradient (EFG) tensor at the Fe sites. Covalency of the Fe-O and Zn-O bonds is important. The physical origin of the regions exhibiting SRO, however, remains unresolved at this point.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02150186
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