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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Key words Parkinson’s disease ; Depression ; Brainstem midline ; changes ; Transcranial sonography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Recent studies using transcranial sonography (TCS) have provided evidence of alterations in the mesencephalic midline structures in patients with unipolar depression and depression in Parkinson’s disease (PD), suggesting an involvement of the basal limbic system in primary and secondary mood disorders. This study tested the hypothesis of brainstem midline abnormality in depression and investigated 31 PD patients by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and TCS. Signal intensity of the pontine and mesencephalic brainstem midline was rated on T2-weighted images and measured by relaxometry. In addition, two blinded investigators assessed the echogenicity of the brainstem midline by TCS. The severity of motor symptoms and depression were graded independently using standard research scales. Rating of signal intensity and T2 relaxometry of the pontomesencephalic midline structures revealed significant difference between depressed and nondepressed PD patients (P 〈 0.05). This corresponded to a significant reduction in mesencephalic midline echogenicity of depressed PD patients on TCS images. No correlation was found between raphe signal intensity, T2 relaxation times, or TCS echogenicity and the severity of motor symptoms or depression. This study is the first to show changes in signal intensity and T2 relaxation time of the pontomesencephalic midline structures on MRI in depressed PD patients confirming previous TCS findings. As these midline structures comprise fiber tracts and nuclei of the basal limbic system, the findings may support the hypothesis of an alteration in the basal limbic system in mood disorders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Key words: Liver cell hypoxia ; Nitroimidazole imaging ; Fluorine-18 fluoromisonidazole ; Positron emission tomography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Fluorine-18 labelled fluoromisonidazole ([18F]FMISO) has been shown to accumulate in hypoxic tissue in inverse proportion to tissue oxygenation. In order to evaluate the potential of [18F]FMISO as a possible positron emission tomography (PET) tracer for imaging of liver tissue hypoxia, we measured the [18F]FMISO uptake in 13 domestic pigs using dynamic PET scanning. Hypoxia was induced by segmental arterial hepatic occlusion. During the experimental procedure the fractional concentration of inspired oxygen (FiO2) was set to 0.67 in group A (n=6) and to 0.21 in group B (n=7) animals. Before and after arterial occlusion, the partial pressure of O2 in tissue (TPO2) and the arterial blood flow were determined in normal flow and flow-impaired liver segments. Standardised uptake values [SUV=kBq tissue (in g) / body weight (in kg) × injected dose (in kBq)] for [18F]FMISO were calculated from PET images obtained 3 hours after injection of about 10 MBq/kg body weight [18F]FMISO. Immediately before PET scanning, the mean arterial blood flow was significantly decreased in arterially occluded segments [group A: 0.41 (0.32–0.52); group B: 0.24 (0.16–0.33) ml min–1 g–1] compared with normal flow segments [group A: 1.05 (0.76–1.46); group B: 1.14 (0.83–1.57) ml min–1 g–1; geometric mean (95% confidence limits); P〈0.001 for both groups]. After PET scanning, the TPO2 of occluded segments (group A: 5.1 (4.1–6.4); group B: 3.5 (2.6–4.9) mmHg] was significantly decreased compared with normal flow segments [group A: 26.4 (21.2–33.0); group B: 18.2 (13.3–25.1) mmHg; P〈0.001 for both groups]. During the 3-h PET scan, the mean [18F]FMISO SUV determined in occluded segments increased significantly to 3.84 (3.12–4.72) in group A and 5.7 (4.71–6.9) in group B, while the SUV remained unchanged in corresponding normal liver tissue [group A: 1.4 (1.14–1.71); group B: 1.31 (1.09–1.57); P〈0.001 for both groups]. Regardless of ventilation conditions, a significant inverse exponential relationship was found between the TPO2 and the [18F]FMISO SUV (r 2=0.88, P〈0.001). Our results suggest that because tracer delivery to hypoxic tissues was maintained by the portal circulation, the [18F]FMISO accumulation in the liver was found to be directly related to the severity of tissue hypoxia. Thus, [18F]FMISO PET allows in vivo quantification of pig liver hypoxia using simple SUV analysis as long as tracer delivery is not critically reduced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Key words: Fluorine-18 ; Bone graft viability ; Hip revision arthroplasty ; Positron emission tomography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The biological fate of allogenic bone grafts in the acetabular cavity and their metabolic activity after acetabular augmentation is uncertain but is most important for the stability of hip implants after hip revision arthroplasty. The aim of this study was to quantify regional bone metabolism after hip replacement operations. Dynamic [18F]fluoride ion positron emission tomography (PET) was used to investigate the metabolic activity of acetabular allogenic bone grafts and genuine bone, either 3–6 weeks (short-term group, n = 9) or 5 months to 9 years (long-term group, n = 10) after hip revision arthroplasty. Applying a three-compartment model, the fluoride influx constant was calculated from individually fitted rate constants (K nlf) and by Patlak graphical analysis (K pat). The results were compared with genuine cancellous and cortical acetabular bone of contralateral hips without surgical trauma (n = 7). In genuine cortical bone, K nlf was significantly increased in short- (+140.9%) and long-term (+100.0%) groups compared with contralateral hips. Allogenic bone grafts were characterised by a significantly increased K nlf in the short-term group (+190.9%) compared with contralateral hips, but decreased almost to the baseline levels of contralateral hips (+45.5%) in the long-term. Values of K nlf cor-related with the rate constant K 1 in genuine (r = 0.89, P〈0.001) and allogenic bone regions (r = 0.79, P〈0.001), indicating a coupling between bone blood flow and bone metabolism in genuine bone as well as allogenic bone grafts. K pat values were highly correlated with K nlf measurements in all regions. In conclusion, [18F]fluoride ion PET revealed the presence of an increased host bone formation in allogenic bone grafts early after hip revision arthroplasty. In contrast to genuine cortical bone, allogenic bone graft metabolism decreased over time, possibly due to a reduced ability to respond to the same extent as genuine bone to elevated metabolic demands after surgery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 106 (1999), S. 725-728 
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Keywords: Morphine ; Parkinson's disease ; dyskinesia ; akinesia ; modulation ; basal ganglia output.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. In two patients with Parkinson's disease and L-Dopa induced dyskinesia we administered morphine orally to alleviate lumboradicular pain unresponsive to any other form of treatment. Besides an alleviation of the pain both patients showed a decrease in dyskinetic movements at very low doses of morphine and an increase in akinesia at higher doses. This observation indicates a modulation of basal ganglia output by morphine with the possibility of reducing L-Dopa induced dyskinesia in patients treated with morphine for pain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1435-1285
    Keywords: Key words Acute myocardial infarction – thrombolysis – betablocker – ACE inhibitor ; Schlüsselwörter Akuter Myokardinfarkt – Thrombolyse – Betablocker – ACE-Hemmer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Myokardinfarktregister in Deutschland (MIR) ist ein multizentrisch und prospektiv angelegtes Register von konsekutiv eingeschlossenen, unselektierten Patienten mit akutem Myokardinfarkt. Ziel des MIR ist eine Dokumentation der Entscheidungs- und Verordnungspraxis einer optimierten Infarkttherapie, bestehend aus rekanalisierender Therapie, ASS, Betablocker und ACE-Hemmer-Gabe. Von 12/96–5/98 wurden bundesweit 14598 Patienten mit akutem Myokardinfarkt in 217 Krankenhäusern eingeschlossen. Von diesen nahmen 68 Kliniken aus den neuen Bundesländern teil. 65% der Patienten waren männlich, das mittlere Alter betrug 67 Jahre. Die Prähospitalzeit lag im Median bei 195 min, das Erst-EKG war bei 66% der Patienten diagnostisch. Eine rekanalisierende Therapie erhielten 46,1% der Patienten (hospitale Thrombolyse 36,2%; Primär-PTCA 9,9%). Als Begleitmedikation in der Akutphase wurden verordnet: ASS bei 90,3%, Betablocker bei 53,8% und ACE-Hemmer bei 52,5%. Die intrahospitale Gesamtmortalität betrug 15,4%. Im Vergleich zeigte sich in kardiologischen Fachabteilungen eine niedrigere Gesamtmortalität (13,8%) gegenüber den Krankenhäusern der Regelversorgung (16,1%). Als mögliche Gründe fanden sich der häufigere Gebrauch einer rekanalisierenden Therapie in Krankenhäusern mit kardiologischer Fachabteilung (54,3% versus 42,3%; p 〈 0,001) und das Vorhandensein eines Katheterlabors mit PTCA-Möglichkeit. Eine niedrigere intrahospitale Mortalität im Gesamtkollektiv war mit allen Therapiebausteinen der optimierten Infarkttherapie assoziiert: rekanalisierende Therapie (odds ratio 0,7; 95%-KI: 0,5–0,8), Gabe von ASS (odds ratio 0,6; 95%-KI: 0,5–0,8), Betablocker (odds ratio 0,6; 95%-KI: 0,5–0,7) und ACE-Hemmer (odds ratio 0,5, 95%-KI: 0,4–0,7). In dieser Analyse konnten Patienten mit schlechter Prognose – z. B. kardiogener Schock, Hypotension und/oder Bradykardie bei Aufnahme und Frühverstorbene –, die nicht der oralen adjuvanten Infarkttherapie zugeführt werden konnten, nicht berücksichtigt werden. Der Einfluß der adjuvanten Therapie auf die Senkung der intrahospitalen Mortalität wird dadurch möglicherweise überschätzt. Im Klinikalltag ist einem repräsentativen Anteil von Krankenhäusern Deutschlands eine rekanalisierende Therapie in Kombination mit einer optimierten adjuvanten Therapie beim akuten Myokardinfarkt assoziiert mit einer Senkung der intrahospitalen Mortalität. Im Vergleich zu vorausgegangenen ähnliche Registern ließ sich der Therapieanteil der Betablocker und ACE-Hemmer deutlich steigern. Dies läßt sich mit der Teilnahme an einem Qualitätsregister, der Verpflichtung der Dokumentation, warum eine Therapie nicht gegeben wurde, und einer wiederholten und intensivierten Aufklärungsaktion der behandelnden Ärzte begründen. Den Empfehlungen zur Frühbehandlung des akuten Myokardinfarktes wird somit im Klinikalltag der überwiegend kommunalen Krankenhäuser zunehmend entsprochen. Myokardinfarktregister wie MIR reflektieren die tägliche Verordnungspraxis im Krankenhaus und beschreiben die Umsetzung der Ergebnisse großer randomisierter Studien in den Klinikalltag.
    Notes: Summary The “Myocardial Infarction Registry” in Germany (MIR) is a multicenter and prospective registry of consecutively included, unselected patients with acute myocardial infarction. The purpose of MIR is to document the actual praxis of decision making and prescribing of an optimized infarction therapy in AMI patients. Optimized infarction therapy is defined as the combination of reperfusion therapy and ASS, betablocker, and ACE inhibitor. 14,598 patients with acute myocardial infarction were included between 12/96 and 5/98 in 217 hospitals throughout Germany. 68% of the patients were male; mean age was 67 years. The prehospital delay time was 195 minutes in median, the first ECG was diagnostic in 66% of the patients. A reperfusion therapy was applied in 46.1% of the patients (thrombolysis 36.2%, primary PTCA 9.9%). During the acute phase, the following adjunctive therapy was used: ASS in 90.3%, betablockers in 53.8%, and ACE inhibitors in 52.5%. Intrahospital mortality was 15.4%. Compared to hospitals without cardiologists, the hospitals with cardiologist had a lower intrahospital mortality (13.8% versus 16.1%; p 〈 0.001). Reasons are the more frequent use of a reperfusion therapy by cardiologists (54.3% versus 42.3%; p 〈 0.001) and the availability of a catheter laboratory with PTCA facilities. A lower intrahospital mortality was associated with each therapy of the optimized infarction therapy: reperfusion therapy (odds ratio 0.7; 95% CI: 0.5–0.8), ASS (odds ratio 0.6; 95% CI: 0.5–0.8), betablocker (odds ratio 0.6; 95% CI: 0.5–0.7) and ACE inhibitor (odds ratio: 0.5; 95% CI: 0.4–0.7). However, patients with poor initial prognosis – such as cardiogenic shock, hypotension and/or bradycardia – could not benefit from the orally adjunctive therapy. This fact may have led to an overestimation of the influence on intrahospital mortality. In representative communal German hospitals, a reperfusion therapy in combination with an optimized adjunctive therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction is associated with a reduction in intrahospital mortality. Compared to previous registries, the application of betablockers and ACE inhibitors was clearly increased. Reasons could be the participation in a quality registry, the obligation to document why a therapy has not been given and repeated and intensified education of the treating physicians. Thus, the mainly communal hospitals in Germany are increasingly following recommendations about the early treatment of acute myocardial infarction. Myocardial infarction registries such as MIR reflect daily prescribing habits in hospitals and describe the implementation of the results of randomized trials into daily routine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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