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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The cell wall architecture of Candida albicans wild-type cells and cell wall-defective mutants (2000)
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 35 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In Candida albicans wild-type cells, the β1,6-glucanase-extractable glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-dependent cell wall proteins (CWPs) account for about 88% of all covalently linked CWPs. Approximately 90% of these GPI-CWPs, including Als1p and Als3p, are attached via β1,6-glucan to β1,3-glucan. The remaining GPI-CWPs are linked through β1,6-glucan to chitin. The β1,6-glucanase-resistant protein fraction is small and consists of Pir-related CWPs, which are attached to β1,3-glucan through an alkali-labile linkage. Immunogold labelling and Western analysis, using an antiserum directed against Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pir2p/Hsp150, point to the localization of at least two differentially expressed Pir2 homologues in the cell wall of C. albicans. In mnn9Δ and pmt1Δ mutant strains, which are defective in N- and O-glycosylation of proteins respectively, we observed enhanced chitin levels together with an increased coupling of GPI-CWPs through β1,6-glucan to chitin. In these cells, the level of Pir-CWPs was slightly upregulated. A slightly increased incorporation of Pir proteins was also observed in a β1,6-glucan-deficient hemizygous kre6Δ mutant. Taken together, these observations show that C. albicans follows the same basic rules as S. cerevisiae in constructing a cell wall and indicate that a cell wall salvage mechanism is activated when Candida cells are confronted with cell wall weakening.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.01729.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    VRATS – Virtual-Reality-Arthroskopie-Trainingssimulator (2000)
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 40 (2000), S. 290-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Virtuelle Realität ; Medizinischer Trainingssimulator ; Simulation arthroskopischer Eingriffe ; Chirurgische Ausbildung ; Key words Virtual reality ; Medical training system ; Simulation of arthroscopic procedures ; Surgical training
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The subject of this paper is a highly interactive medical training system for arthroscopic surgery; this is based on computer graphics and virtual reality (VR) techniques and offers an alternative to conventional training methods. To provide the virtual environment, a realistic 3D representation of the knee joint is derived from 2D medical image data. The use of tracking techniques guarantees an intuitive handling of the surgical instruments. The system allows navigation via a virtual camera and interaction with the virtual anatomical structures. First approaches for the simulation of tissue deformation caused by collisions with the instruments are implemented. One important advantage over conventional training systems is the possibility of verifying the training progress. Work is in progress on the realization of tactile feedback with the aim of providing a higher degree of interactive realism.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Unzufriedenheit mit den traditionellen Ausbildungsmethoden in der endoskopischen Chirurgie führte zur Entwicklung eines Arthroskopietrainingssimulators, der Computergraphik und Techniken der Virtuellen Realität (VR) einsetzt. Basierend auf einem kernspintomographischen Bilddatensatz konnte mit Hilfe von Bildverarbeitungsmethoden und Visualisierungstechniken ein realistisches dreidimensionales Modell des Kniegelenks mit allen diagnostisch relevanten anatomischen Strukturen generiert und in den Simulator integriert werden. Die VR-Benutzer-Schnittstelle des Arthroskopietrainingssimulators besteht aus 2 Hauptkomponenten, der 3D-Interaktion, die das Führen der Instrumente realisiert, und der 2D-Benutzungsoberfläche, die das visuelle Feedback und die Kontrolle der Trainingssitzung ermöglicht. Auf diese Weise ist ein intuitives Handling der Instrumente garantiert. Der Chirurg ist in der Lage, eine arthroskopische Untersuchung an einem virtuellen Kniegelenk durchzuführen. Dazu sind auch erste Ansätze zur Simulation von Gewebeverformung implementiert, die aufgrund von Instrumenteinwirkungen auftreten. Diskussion: Der VR-basierte Trainingssimulator stellt eine Alternative bzw. Ergänzung zu den traditionellen Trainingsmethoden dar. Um die Akzeptanz weiter zu erhöhen, muss jedoch die Integration eines Kraftrückkopplungssystems realisiert werden, das gewebespezifische künstliche Widerstände erzeugt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001170050671
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die instabile Karotisstenose – eine entzündliche Erkrankung? (2000)
    Springer
    Der Nervenarzt 71 (2000), S. 955-962 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Karotisstenose ; Mikroembolien ; T-Zellen ; Tissue-Faktor ; Matrixmetalloproteinase ; Keywords Carotid artery stenosis ; Microemboli ; T cells ; Tissue factor ; Matrixmetalloproteinase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Arterioarterial thromboembolism from extracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis is an important pathogenic mechanism of ischemic stroke. However, even a high-grade ICA stenosis carries a greatly variable annual risk of stroke, as high as 13% following a recent occurrence of transient or minor cerebral ischemia or as low as 1–2% in clinically asymptomatic patients. There is increasing evidence that inflammatory processes play a central role in atherosclerosis and particularly in plaque destabilization converting chronic atherosclerosis into an acute neurological disorder. In thromboendarterectomy specimens from patients with high-grade ICA stenoses, the extent of inflammatory infiltration and the expression of matrixmetalloproteinase-9 correlated to clinical and ultrasonic features of plaque destabilization such as cerebral microembolism. Inflammation might become a new therapeutic target in symptomatic carotid artery disease.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Arterioarterielle Thrombembolien aus extrakraniellen Stenosen der A. carotis interna (ACI) stellen eine häufige Ursache zerebraler Ischämien dar. Dabei ist das Schlaganfallrisiko nicht ausschließlich vom Stenosegrad abhängig: Hochgradige (〉70%ige) ACI-Stenosen haben ein jährliches Schlaganfallrisiko von 13%, wenn sie innerhalb von 6 Monaten symptomatisch waren, gegenüber nur 1–2% bei zuvor asymptomatischen Stenosen. Die Pathomechanismen, die aus einem chronischen arteriosklerotischen Karotisplaque eine akute neurologische Erkrankung im Sinne der Plaquedestabilisierung machen, sind weitgehend unklar. Es gibt zunehmende Hinweise darauf, dass Entzündungsprozesse an der Entstehung der Arteriosklerose generell und der Plaquedestablisierung im Besonderen beteiligt sind. Anhand von Gefäßpräparaten nach Karotisthrombendarteriektomien konnte gezeigt werden, dass das Ausmaß der T-Zell- und Makrophageninfiltration in der Gefäßwand und die Expression von Matrixmetalloproteinasen mit klinischen und sonologischen Zeichen der Plaquedestabilisierung im Sinne von Mikroembolien korreliert. Damit ergeben sich möglicherweise neue antiinflammatorische Therapieansätze bei symptomatischen Karotisprozessen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001150050692
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the singularities of residual intertwining operators (2000)
    Springer
    Geometric and functional analysis 10 (2000), S. 1118-1170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-8970
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract. Let G be a reductive algebraic group defined over $ {\Bbb Q} $ . Let P, P' be parabolic subgroups of G, defined over $ {\Bbb Q} $ , and let $ t \in W({\frak a}_{P}, {\frak a}_{P'}) $ . In this paper we study the intertwining operator $ M_{P' \vert P}(t,\lambda),\,\lambda \in {\frak a}^*_{P,{\Bbb C}} $ , acting in corresponding spaces of automorphic forms. One of the main results states that each matrix coefficient of $ M_{P' \vert P}(t,\lambda) $ is a meromorphic function of order $ \le n + 1 $ , where n = dim G. Using this result, we further investigate the rank one intertwining operators, in particular, we study the distribution of their poles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00001649
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic detection of injury-induced ionic currents in bean plants (2000)
    Springer
    European biophysics journal 29 (2000), S. 515-522 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Plant injury/stimulation Induced current/magnetic field SQUID magnetometer Injury-induced signal propagation Post-injury distribution of electrical activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. A superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) multichannel magnetometer was used to measure the temporal and spatial evolution of the magnetic field accompanying stimulation by burning and/or cutting of Vicia faba plants. These magnetic fields are caused by ionic currents that appear after injury in different parts of the plant. All measured V. faba plants responded to the burning stimulation with detectable quasi-d.c. magnetic signals. In order to measure these signals, a suitable modulation had to be used. The covariance method was applied to analyse the measured data. The results demonstrate a dipolar-like magnetic signal, exponentially decreasing in time, above the cutting type of injury. After the burning stimulation, the magnetically detected activity was concentrated predominantly above the leaves/petioles and less above the stem. Possible mechanisms for this behaviour are suggested. A comparison with previously known electrical measurements of plant injury is given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002490000105
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biomarkers of genetic damage and inflammation in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid among former German uranium miners: a pilot study (2000)
    Springer
    Radiation and environmental biophysics 39 (2000), S. 275-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2099
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract  Former East German uranium miners who are known to have been exposed to radon are estimated to be at high risk for lung carcinogenesis. Among these miners over 200 occupationally caused lung cancer cases are expected to occur each year, resulting in a total of 7,000–24,000 excess lung cancer cases in the coming years. It is still unknown whether there is a correlation between biomarkers and the exposure of the uranium miners to ionizing radiation that might enable us to trace those miners with high lung cancer risk. The primary aim of this pilot study was to test the possibility of performing a biomarker study in this unique cohort of former uranium miners in spite of several limitations that had to be taken into consideration when comparing them with healthy controls, such as old age, age-dependent diseases and potential confounding artefacts from dissimilar smoking patterns. The second aim was to test a range of biomarkers for DNA damage and inflammation in leukocytes and bronchoalveolar fluid for their ability to detect biological effects. In this cohort of miners we found an increased frequency of chromosomal aberrations in blood lymphocytes and an increased prevalence of both fibronectin and tumour necrosis factor α in the bronchoalveolar fluid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004110000072
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Understanding of surface states in a correlated electron system (2000)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 16 (2000), S. 705-718 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 75.70.-i Magnetic films and multilayers - 73.20.At Surface states, band structure, electron density of states - 75.50.Pp Magnetic semiconductors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: The aim of this work is to find a simple analytic model to explain some principal aspects of the behavior of surface states in correlated electron systems. We start from the analytic expression for the Green function of the semi-infinite tight binding linear chain. This Green function in case of modification of the center of gravity of the first atom and the change in coupling between the first and the second atom is evaluated as an exact analytic expression. Conditions for the existence and classification of surface states are given. The spectral weight of surface states and the local density of states are evaluated. The method is applied to a s.c. (100) surface of a local moment crystal. Conditions for the existence of surface states are derived and their locations in the Brillouin zone are predicted. It is shown that it is possible to include correlation effects within the framework of the discussed model. The comparison with former numerical results is performed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100510070188
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Subchronic treatment with prazosin improves passive avoidance learning in aged mice: possible relationships to α1-receptor up-regulation (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 107 (2000), S. 1413-1426 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Keywords:α1-Receptor ; aging ; cognitive functions ; prazosin treatment.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. While many evidences indicate that deficits of central noradrenergic neurotransmission are involved in the age-related decline of cognitive functions in animals and man, very little is known about the specific role of central α1-adrenergic receptors. Therefore, this problem was specifically addressed in the present communication using the α1-adrenoceptor antagonist prazosin as pharmacological tool. While the acute administration of prazosin did not affect passive avoidance learning of young or aged mice, an improvement of learning capabilities was seen after subchronic treatment, but for the aged animals only. An U-shaped dose response curve was seen. 0.3 mg/kg prazosin was most effective. Very interestingly, only for this dose a significant up-regulation of the density of α1-adrenoceptors in the mouse brain was found in the aged animals only. The data suggest a possible causal relationship between effects of prazosin on passive avoidance learning and central α1-receptor density.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007020070005
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Free nerve endings in the medial and posteromedial capsuloligamentous complexes: occurrence and distribution (2000)
    Springer
    Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy 8 (2000), S. 68-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-7347
    Keywords: Key words Knee joint ; Free nerve ending type IVa ; Nociceptor ; Medial capsuloligamentous complex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Sports Science
    Notes: Abstract Free nerve endings (FNEs) of type IVa play a distinctive role in the articular nociceptive and sensorimotor system of the knee. This study qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed FNEs in the medial and posteromedial capsuloligamentous complexes. Biopsy specimens from ten precisely defined anatomical locations were taken from seven fresh cadaver knee joints. The specimens were fixed with 4% formaldehyde solution and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. The results were examined using immunohistochemistry. The occurrence of FNEs is described in combination with their specific pattern of distribution. A high number of FNEs were found in all investigated elements with a maximum relative density in the insertion of the semimembranosus muscle in the direct attachment on the tibial margin. The number was lowest in the superficial medial collateral ligament. The results were correlated with anatomical and biomechanical functions of the stabilizing effect of the medial capsuloligamentous complex. Our findings indicate that lesions and surgical procedures can alter normal sensory feedback and coordination by modifying the use of muscle fiber during specific movements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001670050188
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laparoskopische latero-laterale Pancreaticojejunostomie (2000)
    Springer
    Der Chirurg 71 (2000), S. 456-457 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Keywords: Chronic pancreatitis – Side-to-side pancreatojejunostomy – Laparoscopic surgery. ; Schlüsselwörter: Chronische Pankreatitis – latero-laterale Pancreaticojejunostomie – laparoskopische Chirurgie.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Einleitung: Die latero-laterale Pancreaticojejunostomie zur Behandlung der chronischen Pancreatitis mit Gangdilatation ist ein etabliertes Verfahren. Diese Operation ist in minimal-invasiver Technik unseres Wissens noch nicht beschrieben worden, weshalb wir uns zur Dokumentation unseres ersten derartigen Eingriffes entschieden haben. Patient und Methode: Bei einer 23 jährigen Patientin, die seit 7 Jahren an chronisch-rezidivierenden Pankreatitisschüben bei Pancreas divisum leidet, wurde laparoskopisch mit Hilfe von 3 Trokaren eine Seit-zu-Seit Pancreaticojejunostomie mit Braun'scher Fußpunktanastomose angelegt. Die Anastomosierungen erfolgten jeweils mit Klammernahtgeräten (Endo-GIA®). Ergebnis: Der knapp 2 stündige Eingriff sowie der postoperative Verlauf waren komplikationslos. Seit der Entlassung vor 8 Monaten wurden mehrfach Nachkontrollen durchgeführt. Es fand sich kein Hinweis einer Gangdilatation bzw. eines weiteren Pankreatitisrezidivs. Die Patientin ist seither subjektiv beschwerdefrei. Diskussion: Durch die Entwicklung neuer Technologien wie Ultraschallschere und Klammernahtgerät werden auch aufwendige Eingriffe in akzeptablen Operationszeiten laparoskopisch machbar. Damit kann man bei idealen pathologisch-anatomischen Voraussetzungen auch diesen Patienten die Vorteile der minimal-invasiven Chirurgie (MIC) zugute kommen lassen.
    Notes: Abstract. Side-to-side pancreatojejunostomy for patients with chronic pancreatitis and dilated pancreatic duct is an established procedure, but so far there has been no report of this operation being performed as minimally invasive surgery. A 23-year-old woman with a history of seven years of recurrent pancreatitis with pancreas divisum underwent a latero lateral pancreatojejunostomy with Braun anastomosis. For access, three ports were used; the anastomoses were produced with Endo-GIA staplers. The operation time was 115 min and the postoperative course was uneventful. During 8 months of follow-up no dilatation of the pancreatic duct or signs of recurrent pancreatitis were seen. The patient feels fine. Using improved and newly developed surgical devices (i. e., ultrasonic shears, endo-staplers) more difficult procedures can be done in a reasonable operation time. Under ideal conditions, patients will have full benefits with minimally invasive surgery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001040050836
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