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  • 1
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Farmers in western Rajasthan (north-west India) produce and maintain their landrace populations of pearl millet through their own distinct seed management practices. The objective of this study was to characterize morphological and agronomic variability of different traits between and within three farmers' populations using quantitative-genetic parameters. Populations examined were a typical landrace and two modified landraces, which were generated through farmer introgression of modern varieties with different levels of subsequent selection. From these three populations, 100 random full-sib progenies were evaluated in field trials at two locations in western Rajasthan over two years. Significant genetic variation existed within the three populations. Estimates of heritability were moderate to high for all observed traits. Predicted selection response for grain yield across environments was 1.6% for the typical landrace and 2.2% for both the modified landraces. Results suggest that the introgression of modern varieties into landraces had increased the genetic diversity. Therefore, farmers' current breeding activities could open up new resources for plant breeding programmes aiming at plant improvement for the semiarid zones of India.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Fumarsäuremonoäthylester (FSME) hemmt bei kultivierten PHA-stimulierten menschlichen Lymphocyten den Einbau von14C-Thymidin,14C-Uridin,14C-Alanin und14C-Leucin in die entsprechenden säurefällbaren Biopolymere. Die Nucleinsäuresynthese wird in Bereichen hoher FSME-Konzentrationen (500 µg/ml Kulturmedium) im Durchschnitt 6mal stärker inhibiert als die Proteinsynthese. Bei Verabreichung des cis-Isomers von FSME, dem Maleinsäuremonoäthylester (MSME), zeigen die markierten Vorstufen eine 3,5–9,3mal höhere Inkorporationsrate in die DNA und RNA als unter Zufuhr von FSME. Dies deutet auf eine spezifische Inhibition durch FSME hin. Eine Verminderung des Einbaues von Präkursoren in die Nucleinsäuren beginnt bei Verwendung von FSME bereits oberhalb 10 µg/ml Kulturmedium und im Fall des MSME erst ab 50 µg/ml Medium. Eine Beeinflussung der Enzyme der Nucleinsäuresynthese und des Citratcyclus sowie die Fehlsynthese von Enzymen werden zur Erklärung der FSME-spezifischen Wirkung herangezogen.
    Notes: Summary Fumaric acid monoethylester (FAME) inhibits the incorporation of14C-Thymidin,14C-Uridin,14C-Alanin and14C-Leucin into acid-insoluble biopolymers of cultivated PHA-stimulated human lymphocytes. At high concentrations of FAME (500 µg/ml culture medium) the inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis is 6 times higher on the average than the inhibition of protein synthesis. However, the application of the cis-isomer, maleic acid monoethylester (MAME), results in an increase of the incorporation rate of the labelled precursors into the RNA and DNA. This is 3.5–9.3 times higher than after application of FAME. The results demonstrate the specific inhibition by FAME. The rate of labelling of nucleic acids is decreased above 10 µg FAME/ml culture medium and in the case of MAME above 50 µg/ml medium. As an explanation of the specific action of FAME its influence on the enzymes of the nucleic acid synthesis, the citric acid cycle or a faulty synthesis of enzymes are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Iodoinsulin ; insulin metabolism ; insulin analogues ; biological activity ; tracer insulin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Insulin, specifically substituted at the PheB1 position with 3,5-diiodotyrosine, has been tested in several biological and immunological systems. Immunoreactivity was assessed using antisera specific for different parts of the insulin molecule. Biological activity in vitro was estimated on isolated rat fat cells. In vivo bioactivity (hypoglycaemia) and metabolism (metabolic and urinary clearance rates, half-life, apparent distribution space) were measured by infusion of the material into greyhounds. The results indicated that this B1-labelled insulin preparation was biologically fully active and, unlike randomly labelled preparations of iodoinsulin, was metabolised with kinetics indistinguishable from those of the unlabelled hormone. We suggest that this material is a valid tracer for insulin, fulfilling the criteria of high specific activity and biological identity to the native hormone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 23 (1997), S. 982-986 
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Cardiac output ; Stroke volume ; Heart rate ; Volume replacement ; Shock ; Newborn
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To assess whether the change in cardiac output after volume replacement is due to elevation of stroke volume or heart rate and to determine the effect of mechanical ventilation on the hemodynamic situation. Design: Prospective study. Setting: A ten-bed neonatal intensive care unit (level III) at a university hospital. Patients: 15 consecutive newborns with blood pressure below the 10th percentile related to age and weight. Interventions: Volume replacement with Ringer's lactate 20 ml/kg body weight. Measurements and results. Before and after volume replacement, arterial pressure recordings, blood gas analysis, and an echocardiographic study were carried out. Left ventricular and aortic diameters were measured by the two-dimensional M-mode technique and velocity time integral of aortic flow by the pulsed color Doppler technique. From these data, stroke volume and cardiac output were calculated. Cardiac output (703 ± 204 vs 826 ± 166 ml/min, p 〈 0.005) and cardiac index (267 ± 69 vs 302 ± 55 ml/min per kg body weight, p 〈 0.01) changed significantly due to an appreciable elevation in stroke volume (5.2 ± 1.7 vs 5.8 ± 1.7 ml, p 〈 0.05), whereas heart rate was unaltered (140 ± 12 vs 142 ± 20 beats/min; NS). The change in blood pressure (32 ± 5 vs 38 ± 8 mm Hg, p 〈 0.01) was also significant. Cardiac index before and after volume replacement showed a significant inverse correlation with the severity of respiratory disease expressed as alveolar-arterial oxygen difference (A-aDO2) (A-aDO2 vs cardiac index before volume replacement: r = − 0.77, p 〈 0.001; after volume replacement: r = − 0.73, p 〈 0.005) or oxygenation index (oxygenation index vs cardiac index before volume replacement: r = − 0.73, p 〈 0.005; after volume replacement: r = − 0.73, p 〈 0.005). Changes in left ventricular diastolic diameter, left ventricular systolic diameter, and fractional shortening were not significant. Conclusions: These results indicate that the major regulator of left ventricular output in newborns with hypovolemic or cardiogenic shock is stroke volume and not heart rate and that cardiac output depends on the severity of the respiratory disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 297 (1977), S. S59 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 156 (1997), S. 800-802 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Inspiratory stridor  ;  Multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenation deficiency  ;  Riboflavin therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Inspiratory stridor of unknown origin was the␣leading clinical symptom in an 11-month-old boy. The stridor increased over a period of 4 weeks, and assisted ventilation became necessary. Selective urinary screening by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis revealed excretion of ethylmalonic and 3-OH-isovaleric acid and of n-isobutyryl-, n-2-methylbutyryl-, n-isovaleryl-, n-hexanoyl- and n-suberylglycine. Neither hypoglycaemia nor metabolic acidosis were noticed. Treatment with 200 mg of riboflavin per day led to a␣dramatic clinical improvement with restoration of normal respiration and an increase in muscular tone within 2 months. During this period, metabolite excretion in urine completely normalized. Riboflavin-sensitive multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenation deficiency was confirmed in cultured fibroblasts. With riboflavin supplementation, the development of the child has been favourable, with normal school attendance now at an age of 9 years. Conclusion As respiratory symptoms might precede other symptoms in disorders of mitochondrial oxidation, we propose determination of urinary organic acids in all cases of unexplained laryngeal stridor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 155 (1996), S. 811-814 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Interleukin-1 receptor ; antagonist ; Interleukin-1 ; Neonate ; Preterm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Circulating interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1 Ra) levels have been shown to reflect disease activity in certain conditions in adults. We determined circulating IL-1Ra references values for healthy neonates (healthy preterms and term infants with mild disease only) on days 2 (n = 17) and 4 of life (n = 23). Mean gestational age was 35 (± 2.6 weeks. On the 2nd day of life IL1-Ra levels were 0.78 ng/ml (0.49/2.65), on day 4 0.38 ng/ml (0.20/0.48) (median, 25th/75th percentile, P = 0.01). The values were not influenced by gender. In neonates with severe illness (septicaemia, asphyxia, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome), who received invasive intensive care, circulating IL-1Ra levels were significantly higher than in the reference group of healthy newborns. On the 2nd day of life 14.72 ng/ml (4.38/18.67) versus 0.78 ng/ml (0.49/2.65), P 〈 0.0001; on day 4 of life, 3.38 ng/ml (0.80/11.99) versus 0.38 ng/ml (0.20/0.48), P 〈 0.005 (values are median; 25th/75th percentile, Mann-Whitney U-Wilcoxon Rank Sum W Test, two-tailed P). Conclusion Compared to healthy individuals beyond the neonatal period, IL-1Ra concentrations are physiologically elevated within the first days of life and decline to low levels within days. In contrast, IL-1Ra levels are strikingly elevated in sick neonates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 155 (1996), S. 811-814 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist ; Interleukin-1 ; Neonate ; Preterm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Abstract Circulating interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1 Ra) levels have been shown to reflect disease activity in certain conditions in adults. We determined circulating IL-1Ra references values for healthy neonates (healthy preterms and term infants with mild disease only) on days 2 (n=17) and 4 of life (n=23). Mean gestational age was 35±2.6 weeks. On the 2nd day of life IL 1-Ra levels were 0.78 ng/ml (0.49/2.65), on day 4 0.38 ng/ml (0.20/0.48) (median, 25th/75th percentile,P=0.01). The values were not influenced by gender. In neonates with severe illness (septicaemia, asphyxia, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome), who received invasive intensive care, circulating IL-1Ra levels were significantly higher than in the reference group of healthy newborns. On the 2nd day of life 14.72 ng/ml (4.38/18.67) versus 0.78 ng/ml (0.49/2.65),P〈0.0001; on day 4 of life, 3.38 ng/ml (0.80/11.99) versus 0.38 ng/ml (0.20/0.48),P〈0.005 (values are median; 25th/75th percentile, Mann-Whitney U-Wilcoxon Rank Sum W Test, two-tailedP). Conclusion Compared to healthy individuals beyond the neonatal period, IL-1Ra concentrations are physiologically elevated within the first days of life and decline to low levels within days. In contrast, IL-1Ra levels are strikingly elevated in sick neonates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Glucose tolerance ; Bradykinin ; Diabetes ; Surgery ; Bradykinin ; Glukosetoleranz ; Diabetes mellitus ; postoperativer Stoffwechsel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 13 stoffwechselgesunden Patienten wurden nach mittleren Oberbaucheingriffen sowohl am 1. als auch am 2. postoperativen Tag intravenöse Glukosetoleranztests vorgenommen. Bei 6 Patienten wurde die Belastung am 1. Tag (Gruppe A), bei 7 Patienten am 2. Tag (Gruppe B) unter gleichzeitiger intravenöser Infusion von Bradykinin (BK) (80 µg/h) durchgeführt. Intravenöse Glukosetoleranztests wurden ebenfalls bei 6 Patienten mit subklinischem Diabetes mellitus zunächst ohne, dann 8 Tage später mit BK-Infusion vorgenommen. In 2 Kollektiven von 9 manifesten Diabetikern vom Erwachsenentyp und von 5 stoffwechselgesunden Probanden wurde der Einfluß einer BK-Infusion über 100 min auf den Nüchternblutzucker untersucht; als Vergleichsgruppe dienten 9 weitere Diabetiker, die lediglich Kochsalz infundiert erhielten. Unter BK konnte eine Verbesserung der pathologischen Toleranztests sowohl bei den operierten Patienten (k-Werte: A ohne BK 1,03±0,12, mit BK 1,31±0,07; B ohne BK 0,85±0,18, mit BK 1,25±0,21) als auch bei den subklinischen Diabetikern (ohne BK 0,81±0,03, mit BK 1,08±0,04) erreicht werden. Bei den stoffwechselgesunden Probanden erbrachte die Infusion von BK keine Veränderungen des Nüchternblutzuckers, während dieser bei den manifesten Diabetikern unter BK über 100 min um 12,2±1,4% abnahm. Im Kontrollversuch ergab sich bei den Diabetikern unter Kochsalzinfusion kein Spontanabfall des Blutzuckers. Diese Resultate bestätigen die Auffassung, daß den Kininen eine wichtige Rolle in der Regulation des Kohlenhydratstoffwechsels zukommt.
    Notes: Summary Intravenous glucose tolerance tests (GTT) were performed in 13 metabolically healthy patients at the first and second day after abdominal surgery. GTT were carried out during an additional infusion of bradykinin (BK) (80 µg/h) in six of these patients at the first day (group A) and in seven patients at the second day (group B). Furthermore, GTT were performed in six patients with chemical diabetes with and without BK-infusion. In addition, the effect of BK on blood glucose concentration in the postabsorptive state was investigated in nine maturity onset diabetics and in five healthy volunteers. As a control, another nine diabetics received physiological saline. In both groups of surgical patients BK improved glucose tolerance (k-values: group A without BK 1.03±0.12, with BK 1.31±0.07; group B without BK 0.85±0.18, with BK 1.25±0.21). This was also true in chemical diabetics (without BK 0.81±0.03, with BK 1.08±0.04). While BK did not change blood glucose concentration in healthy volunteers, it reduced that of diabetics by 12.2±1.4% continuously during 100 min. No spontaneous drop of blood glucose was observed in diabetics receiving saline. These results are in good accord with the present view that kinins may play a role within the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Lung edema ; Polytrauma ; Leukocyte ; Kininogenase ; Lungenödem ; Polytrauma ; Leukocyten ; Kininogenase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In experimentellen Untersuchungen wurden Zusammenhänge zwischen posttraumatischen leukocytären Infiltrationen des Lungeninterstitiums und ödematösen Lungenveränderungen aufgezeigt. Aus menschlichem Frischblut wurden Leukocytenkonzentrate hergestellt, deren Lysosomen isoliert und Enzyme extrahiert. Vier neutrale Proteinasen konnten nachgewiesen und durch ihre spezifischen Substrate Bowie ihr Inhibitorspektrum charakterisiert werden. Die leukocytäre Kininogenase ist durch den therapeutisch anwendbaren polyvalenten Proteinaseninhibitor Trasylol®, hemmbar. In Tierversuchen wurde die pathogenetische Bedeutung der Kinine für die Ödembildung nachgewiesen. Der polyvalente leukocytäre Proteinaseninhibitor ist nur in geringer Menge nachweisbar.
    Notes: Summary Experimental investigations were carried out to correlate posttraumatic leukocyte infiltration of lung interstitium and edema formation. From human leukocyte lysosomes, four different neutral proteinases could be extracted and characterized by means of their specific substrates and their inhibitor spectra. Granulocyte kininogenase was sensitive to inhibition by Trasylol®, a polyspecific therapeutic proteinase inhibitor. In morphologic experiments on rabbits, the participation of kinins in the events leading to pulmonary edema is made obvious. The existence of small amounts of a polyvalent proteinase inhibitor of leukocyte origin could be shown.
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