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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrathin Si buffer layers to improve the exchange bias between Ni–Fe and FeMn layers (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 4934-4936 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Ni–Fe/FeMn bilayers were deposited by using dual ion beam sputtering apparatus. In order to promote (111) orientation in γ-FeMn layers and to exhibit exchange bias field Hex, Si and/or silicon nitride (Si3N4) layers were deposited as buffer layers. Although silicon nitride (Si3N4) buffer layers did not improve (111) orientation in FeMn layers, as well as in Ni–Fe layers, an amorphous Si buffer layer only 1 nm thick improved (111) orientation in FeMn layers and increased Hex to above 100 Oe. FeMn/Ni–Fe bilayers deposited on Si(0.5 nm)/Si3N4(1 nm) bilayered buffer layer also exhibited high Hex of about 130 Oe. This result implies that the ultrathin a-Si buffer layer was effective in improving (111) orientation in Ni–Fe layers. Very thin Si/Si3N4 bilayers may be applicable as dielectric layers in tunneling magnetoresistive spin valve devices. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.370050
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of a fluorescent x-ray source for medical imaging : Proceedings of the 5th international conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 1981-1983 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A fluorescent x-ray source for medical imaging, such as K-edge subtraction angiography and monochromatic x-ray CT, has been developed. Using a 6.5 GeV accumulation ring in Tsukuba, fluorescent x rays, which range from about 30 to 70 keV are generated by irradiating several target materials. Measurements have been made of output intensities and energy spectra for different target angles and extraction angles. The intensities of fluorescent x rays at a 30 mA beam current are on the order of 1–3×106 photons/mm2/s at 30 cm from the local spot where the incident beam is collimated to 1 mm2. A phantom which contains three different contrast media (iodine, barium, gadolinium) was used for the K-edge energy subtraction, and element selective CT images were obtained. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145776
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization and hopping of magnetoelastic waves in highly magnetostrictive strings with random chain structures (abstract) : The 41st annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 5692-5692 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Analogous to the localization of the wave function of an electron in a random potential (Anderson localization), in the macroscopic system of magnetoelastic waves (MEWs) propagating in a highly magnetostrictive string exhibiting the giant ΔE effect, the piling-up of MEWs into a wave-packet in a restricted small region of the string is expected. This wave-packet is subject to hopping in a discontinuous wave by applying a magnetic field due to the change in the local elastic states caused by the ΔE effect. From this expectation, a theoretical analysis was performed focusing on the derivation of localization conditions of MEWs. The analysis was carried out using a one-dimensional string model having high magnetostriction. The string is assumed to be composed of random chains with (1) alloy-type disorder (random weights of masses with equal spacings) and (2) liquid-type disorder (random spacings of masses with equal weights). For the elastic and magnetoelastic constants of the string, the value of Fe78Si10B12 amorphous wire (Unitika) were used in the calculations. No substantial changes in the localization states were not recognized in both modes. The analysis revealed that, when the change of the apparent Young's modulus with magnetic field ΔE is 28%, the localized MEWs are subject to hopping conserving their wave identities (eigenfrequencies and eigenstates). This result in considered to originate from the changes in the disorder conditions to support the localization of MEWs. To confirm the above theoretical prediction experimentally, MEW properties have been measured by using Fe78Si10B12 amorphous wires connecting weights made of leads to form the random chain structure. The localized MEWs are, indeed, observed by detecting the local vibrations of the wires. Theoretical and experimental results will be presented in detail at the conference. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.364639
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetoresistance in magnetite films prepared from aqueous solution at room temperature (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 7127-7129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Polycrystalline iron oxide films, 0.1–1.1 μm in thickness, are synthesized on glass substrates at room temperature directly from an aqueous solution of FeCl2 by ferrite plating. The films have a single phase spinel structure of mixed solution (Fe3O4)1−x–(γ-Fe2O3)x, as revealed by x-ray diffractometer and conversion electron 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy. At room temperature the films exhibit negative magnetoresistance (MR) of ratio ΔR/R=−3.3% to −7.4%, which is ascribed to intergranular tunneling of spin polarized electrons of Fe3O4. The resistivity R of the films is 2.2×100–1.3×103 Ω cm, much higher than that (∼10−2 Ω cm) reported for bulk samples of Fe3O4; R and ΔR/R depend on the plating conditions and, therefore, the composition x in (Fe3O4)1−x–(γ-Fe2O3)x of the samples. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.372952
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Altered Expression of p53 mRNA in the Brain and Pituitary During Repeated Immobilization Stress: Negative Correlation with Glucocorticoid Receptor mRNA Levels (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neuroendocrinology 16 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2826
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In our previous study, apparent reduction of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mRNA was seen in the hippocampus and the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) during repeated immobilization (IMO) stress, but not following starvation. Our laboratory has also shown that the sp1 activates, whereas tumour suppressor p53 represses the promoter activity of GR gene. In an attempt to reveal the possibility that transcription factors such as sp1 and/or p53 are involved in the regulation of GR mRNA expression in the hippocampus and in the PVN in vivo, we examined the expression of GR mRNA, p53 mRNA, and sp1 mRNA in the hippocampus and in the PVN during repeated IMO and following starvation. In addition, the expression of these mRNAs was examined in the anterior pituitary, another GR-rich area. GR mRNA in all subfields of the hippocampus was robustly decreased, while GR mRNA in the anterior pituitary was increased, 24 h following 4 × IMO (2 h daily, for 4 consecutive days) and immediately after 5 × IMO. GR mRNA in the PVN was significantly decreased immediately after 5 × IMO, but not at 24 h after 4 × IMO. Conversely, p53 mRNA in the PVN and hippocampus was increased, whereas p53 mRNA in the anterior pituitary was decreased, 24 h following 4 × IMO and immediately after 5 × IMO. Sp1 mRNA was unchanged in all areas examined following repeated IMO. Following 4 days of starvation, neither GR mRNA, p53 mRNA nor sp1 mRNA showed any changes in the PVN and the hippocampus, except there was a minor decrease in GR mRNA in CA1-2. In the anterior pituitary, 4 days of starvation induced a minor, but significant increase in GR mRNA, whereas it decreased p53 mRNA. Overall, regression analyses revealed a negative correlation between GR mRNA levels and p53 mRNA levels in CA1-2 and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and in the anterior pituitary. GR mRNA in the PVN also showed a tendency towards the negative correlation with p53 mRNA levels. The results raise the possibility that p53 negatively regulates GR mRNA expression in the PVN, the hippocampus and the anterior pituitary during repeated immobilization stress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2826.2004.01131.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Primary cutaneous nocardiosis due to Nocardia nova in a healthy woman (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 145 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We describe a 68-year-old healthy woman with an unusual skin manifestation of mycetoma. A dark reddish erythematous plaque was present on the dorsum of the left hand for over 10 years. A skin biopsy revealed sulphur granules in the abscess, and Nocardia nova was identified from the specimen. Treatment with dapsone resulted in significant improvement. We review the clinical features of cutaneous N. nova infections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04302.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonlinear dynamics in the Cournot modelwithout full information (1999)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 89 (1999), S. 165-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract A Cournot model with an arbitrary nonlinear demand function and where firms do notobserve their rival's actions directly is shown to allow mistaken beliefs to persist. Thesealter the original equilibrium state and, in a range of beliefs, destroy its stability and createcycles. The dynamics of the Cournot model are therefore fundamentally affected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018919522127
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Markov Perfect Equilibria for a classof capital accumulation games (1999)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 89 (1999), S. 215-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract We formulate a class of dynamic games which consists of so‐called capital accumulationgames. In such games, rival firms invest strategically in a stock of physical capital. Thecapital stocks of all firms in the industry are the state variables of the game and firms usethe rate of change of the capital stocks as their control variables. It is assumed that currentprofits of a firm are not only dependent on the firm's own capital stock, but also on thestock of capital of the rival firm. We prove existence of multiple Markov Perfect Equilibria(MPE) and study their qualitative characteristics. It turns out that there exist two differenttypes of equilibria: a strict equilibrium that is degenerate and coincides with the uniqueopen‐loop one and so‐called indifferent equilibria that are non‐strict. For both types, westudy the equilibrium dynamics. While the strict equilibrium is characterized by simpleequilibrium dynamics, the indifferent equilibria may exhibit complex dynamic behaviour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018927723944
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stochastic Simulation of Microseisms Using Theory of Conditional Random Fields (1998)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 151 (1998), S. 81-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Key words: Stochastic simulation, stochastic interpolation, microseisms, stationary Gaussian process, conditional random fields, nonparametric test, sign test.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. —We examine the applicability of conditional stochastic simulation to interpretation of microseisms observed on soft soil sediments at Kushiro, Hokkaido, Japan. The theory of conditional random fields developed by Kameda and Morikawa (1994) is used, which allows one to perform interpolation of a Gaussian stochastic time-space field that is conditioned by realized values of time functions specified at some discrete locations. The applicability is examined by a blind test, that is, by comparing a set of simulated seismograms and recorded ones obtained from three-point array observa tions. A test of fitness was performed by means of the sign test. It is concluded that the method is applicable to interpretation of microseisms, and that the wave field of microseisms can be treated as Gaussian random fields both in time and space.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000240050106
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ping-pong ball avalanche at a ski jump (1998)
    Springer
    Archive for history of exact sciences 1 (1998), S. 51-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0657
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Abstract Three dimensional granular flow experiments were carried out on a ski jump with 300,000 ping-pong balls. Since the air drag was a large effect, the flow arrived at a steady state within a short distance. The terminal velocities attained showed a remarkable increase with the number of released balls. In addition, the flow formed a distinct head and tail structure, which has often been observed in large-scale geophysical flows in nature. Similarity analysis is used to show that the experiment corresponds to a natural snow avalanche that runs for several kilometers. Video cameras positioned above the flow allowed the measurement of the location and the distance of a single ball, which finally led to the particle velocity profiles. The static pressure depression measurements in and above the flow showed the air velocity profiles and suggested the strong interaction between the balls and the surrounding fluid(air). Computer simulation of 3-dimensional, inhomogeneous two-phase flows that uses the DEM for the particles and the Reynolds-averaged Navier Stokes equations for the fluid are currently in progress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00010911
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