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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Salt loss as a possible mechanism eliciting an acute malignant phase in renal hypertensive rats (1975)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 2 (1975), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. The acute malignant phase of hypertension in rats with an untouched contralateral kidney is characterized by salt and fluid loss, increased fluid intake, decrease in body-weight gain, and reduced food consumption. Plasma concentrations of sodium and potassium were reduced, and plasma angiotensin II rose to about four times normal.2. To investigate the significance of an untouched contralateral kidney for the development of the acute malignant phase in renal hypertensive rats, comparative studies were undertaken in unilaterally nephrectomized rats with stenosis of the remaining renal artery and in rats with bilateral renal artery stenosis. In addition, the effect of declamping one renal artery in rats with bilateral stenosis was studied.3. In unilaterally nephrectomized rats, no signs of sodium and fluid loss were demonstrable, despite marked increase in blood pressure. Similarly, rats with bilateral renal artery stenosis had no acute malignant phase of hypertension.4. In hypertensive rats with bilateral stenosis, removal of the clip from one renal artery was followed by an immediate fall in blood pressure and a subsequent gradual increase. Eleven of sixteen rats lost salt and fluid and developed an acute malignant phase. Plasma angiotensin II was high and serum urea elevated.5. Consumption of 2% saline in addition to water as drinking fluid had a beneficial effect, since only five of fourteen rats showed signs of the acute malignant phase, which were milder than in rats on water only.6. It is concluded that the untouched contralateral kidney is responsible for the negative salt and water balance and its consequences, which are characteristic of the acute malignant phase of experimental renal hypertension.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1975.tb01839.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The background of the MERIT-HF trial (2000)
    Springer
    Basic research in cardiology 95 (2000), S. I84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Keywords: Key words Heart failure – beta (adrenergic) blockers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In the not so distant past, the idea of using beta-blockers as a primary therapy for congestive heart failure to improve symptoms and prognosis seemed paradoxical. The cardiac community reacted with skepticism when, in 1975, the pioneering report of Waagstein et al. appeared in the British Heart Journal. Since then numerous groups have investigated the effects of β-adrenoceptor antagonists in patients with congestive heart failure. Unfortunately, the results of these trials have sometimes contradicted one another. Exercise tolerance and left ventricular ejection fraction improved in the trials with a duration of treatment of longer than 3 months, but no benefit was observed when beta-blockers were administered for only 1 month. Now, in the year 2000 we have proof for the concept that beta-blockade improves symptoms and prolongs life in heart failure. Three large placebo-controlled clinical trials with more than 9000 patients have shown that carvedilol, bisoprolol and metoprolol significantly reduce morbidity and mortality in heart failure. These agents, therefore, are clearly indicated in the majority of patients with mild to moderate heart failure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003950070015
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    114. Kardiomyotomie oder Dehnung bei der Achalasie (1978)
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 347 (1978), S. 623-623 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Achalasia ; Dilatation ; Fundic patch operation ; Fundoplication ; Achalasie ; Dehnung ; Funduskissenoperation ; Fundoplikatio
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei Achalasiepatienten zeigen manometrische Untersuchungen nach Kardiomyotomie und Dehnung eine signifikante Reduktion des pathologisch erhöhten Sphincter- und Speiseröhren-innendruckes. Nach beiden Behandlungsmethoden können Refluxoesophagitiden auftreten. Im Tierexperiment wird deshalb der Einfluß refluxverhindernder Operationen (Funduskissenoperation, Fundoplikatio) auf den myotomierten Sphincter manometrisch untersucht. Die Funduskissenoperation bewirkt keine Sphincterdruckerhöhung, nach zusätzlicher Fundoplikatio steigt der Sphincterdruck signifikant an. Die Funduskissenoperation wird deshalb bei der Achalasie empfohlen.
    Notes: Summary After esophagomyotomy and dilatation, manometric investigation in patients with achalasia shows a marked and significant reduction of pathologically elevated lower esophageal sphincter pressure (LESP). Reflux esophagitis is a possible complication after both methods of treatment. Therefore, in foxhounds, the influence of reflux-preventing operations (fundoplication, fundic patch op.) on the sphincter after myotomy has been studied manometrically. The fundic patch operation causes no increased LESP, whereas after additional fundoplication, a significantly elevated LESP could be seen. The fundic patch operation therefore is recommended for the operative treatment of achalasia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01579406
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ergebnisse und Erfahrungen in der Kombinationsbehandlung von fortgeschrittenen ORL-Tumoren mit Chemo- und Strahlentherapie unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von 5-FU (1979)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 223 (1979), S. 413-415 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The report covers the results of 71 patients with advanced inoperable ORL-tumors and recurrences treated since 1972 after so-called partial synchronisation with 5-FU. Most patients were treated with 5-FU. Recently the highly differentiated keratinizing squamous cell carcinomas are treated with Bleomycin. Patients rejecting cytostatic longtime infusion with 5-FU — necessary for partial synchronisation due to 5-FU — have been treated with Vincristin. The combined therapy with 5-FU (1 g) followed by irradiation as well as Vincristin (0.5 mg) and Bleomycin (2×7.5 mg) were tolerated by minimal complications and insignificant side-effects. The breakdown of survival rates according to the tumor localization shows the best 5 year survival times of patients with laryngeal carcinomas (advanced tumors respectively recurrences). This combined therapy leeding to a prolongation of live with a supportable feeling seems to be an ingenious supplement of therapeutical methods in advanced ORL-tumors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01109604
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Irreversible shock in rats after injection of microspheres into the renal artery (1977)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 33 (1977), S. 333-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary After injection of microspheres into both renal arteries of rats, an irreversible shock syndrome develops, resulting in death within 4–12 h. Ligation of both renal pedicles after injection of microspheres prevents the shock. It is presumed that kininogenases released from the kidneys participate in the pathogenesis of the shock syndrome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02002812
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Buchbesprechungen (1975)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 62 (1975), S. 190-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00608718
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The pharmacological relevance of vital staining with neutral red (1979)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 35 (1979), S. 1475-1476 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The uptake of neutral red into the renin-containing juxtaglomerular granules does not inhibit the release of renin either in basal or in stimulated states of renin secretion. The vasodilating effect of neutral red may be due to a non-specific binding to noradrenaline-receptors in the vascular smooth muscle cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01962793
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aktueller Stand der Therapie der chronischen Herzinsuffizienz (2000)
    Springer
    Der Internist 41 (2000), S. 137-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1289
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter ; Herzinsuffizienz, Therapie ; ACE-Hemmer, Herzinsuffizienz ; Betarezeptorenblocker, Herzinsuffizienz ; Diuretika, Herzinsuffizienz ; Aldosteron-Antagonisten, Herzinsuffizienz ; Herzglykoside, Herzinsuffizienz ; Antikoagulation, Herzinsuffizienz
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zum Thema Basierend auf pathophysiologischen Forschungsergebnissen, z.B. hinsichtlich der Bedeutung des sympathischen Nervensystems und des Renin-Angiotensin- Aldosteron-Systems, hat auch die Therapie der chronischen Herzinsuffizienz einen wichtigen Wandel erfahren. Wurde im Oktober 1993, als im INTERNIST letztmalig ein Heft mit dem Schwerpunktthema Herzinsuffizienz erschien (Einzelarbeiten zu diesem Thema wurden natürlich seither veröffentlicht), die Rolle von Betarezeptorblockern noch sehr zurückhaltend beurteilt und standen damals Herzglykoside noch ganz im Vordergrund der Therapie, so hat sich dieser Trend gegenläufig entwickelt, zumindestens was diese beiden Medikamente betrifft. Darüber wird an dieser Stelle referiert. Derzeit bestimmen im wesentlichen 6 Medikamentengruppen, genannt nach ihrer Wichtigkeit, die Behandlung der chronischen Herzinsuffizienz: ACE-Hemmer, Betarezeptorenblocker, Diuretika, Aldosteron-Antagonisten, Digitalisglykoside und eventuell Antikoagulantien. Sie kommen, auch kombiniert, je nach NYHA-Schweregrad zum Einsatz. An die unter pragmatischen Gesichtspunkten bewährte Klassifizierung der New York Heart Association sei kurz erinnert: in 4 NYHA-Stadien wird die Einschränkung der kardialen Funktionen definiert: (1.) Herzerkrankung ohne, (2.) mit leichter, (3.) mit höhergradiger und (4.) mit dauernder schwerer Funktionseinschränkung.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001080050017
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reversal of renal hypertension: Effects on renin, salt and water balance (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 56 (1978), S. 23-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Renale Hypertonie ; Entfernung einer Nierenarterienstenose ; Renaler Salz- und Flüssigkeitsverlust ; Renin-Angiotensin System ; Renal hypertension ; Removal of one artery stenosis ; Salt and fluid loss ; Renin-angiotensin system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The effect of removal of one renal artery stenosis on renal sodium and fluid excretion and on the activity of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been investigated in three types of renal hypertension of rats. Blood pressure fell in all experimental models after declamping, independently of changes in urinary sodium and water excretion or plasma angiotensin II (ANG II). Plasma concentrations of ANG II did not rise in response to salt and fluid loss induced by declamping when the contralateral kidney had been removed or when it was depleted from renin. A high renin content of the declamped kidney prevented major salt and fluid loss, whereas renin depletion of this kidney was accompanied by an exaggerated natriuresis and diuresis. Besides this tubular modulation of renal salt and water handling by the local RAS, glomerular filtration rate could be reduced by a stimulated activity of this system in plasma, indicated by a close relationship between serum urea and plasma ANG II levels.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung An drei verschiedenen Modellen des renalen Hochdrucks der Ratte wurde der Einfluß der Entfernung einer Nierenarterienstenose auf die renale Salz- und Wasserausscheidung, die Aktivität des Renin-Angiotensin Systems und die Höhe des Blutdrucks untersucht. Der erhöhte Blutdruck fiel nach Entklammerung in allen Modellen auf Normalwerte ab, unabhängig von den ausgeschiedenen Mengen an Salz und Flüssigkeit und den Änderungen der Plasma Angiotensin II Konzentrationen. Dabei wurden stimulierte Werte für Angiotensin II im Plasma als Folge des Salz- und Flüssigkeitsverlustes nach Entklammerung nur dann beobachtet, wenn die kontralaterale Niere nicht zuvor bereits entfernt oder reninverarmt war. Der plötzliche Anstieg des renalen Perfusionsdruckes nach Entfernung der Stenose führte zu starken Salz- und Flüssigkeitsverlusten, wenn der Reningehalt der betreffenden Niere gering war, während ein hoher Nierenreningehalt mit einer verringerten Elektrolyt- und Wasserausscheidung einherging. Neben dieser tubulären Modulation der renalen Salz- und Wasserausscheidung durch das lokale Nierenrenin-Angiotensin System kann die Stimulation dieses Systems im Plasma über Veränderungen der glomerulären Filtrationsrate die Nierenfunktion beeinflussen. Dies wird deutlich in Situationen, die mit renalem Salz- und Wasserverlust einhergehen; dabei finden sich enge Beziehungen zwischen der Höhe der Plasma-Harnstoff- und der Angiotensin II Werte.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01477449
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-system in brattleboro rats with hereditary hypothalamic diabetes insipidus (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 56 (1978), S. 67-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Angiotensin II ; Diabetes insipidus Ratten ; Antidiurese ; SQ 14 225 ; Furosemid ; Angiotensin II ; Diabetes insipidus rats ; Antidiuresis ; SQ 14225 ; Furosemide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Brattleboro rats homozygous for hypothalamic hereditary diabetes insipidus (DI rats) were used to investigate the following questions: a) Do exogenous and endogenous angiotensin II (AII) have an antidiuretic effect in diabetes insipidus? b) Does AII mediate the antidiuresis induced by furosemide? The following results were obtained: 1. AII (5 mg/kg s.c. in oil) and furosemide (50 mg/kg i.p.) decreased urine flow and increased urinary sodium excretion. Furosemide led to a two-fold increase of AII plasma concentrations and a decrease of plasma sodium levels. 2. SQ 14 225 (2×2.5 mg/kg p.o.), an angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitor, led to an increase of urine flow and to a slightly elevated urinary sodium excretion. 3. When the formation of AII was blocked by SQ 14 225 (2×2.5 mg/kg p.o.), AII plasma concentrations were 2.5-fold decreased, but furosemide still reduced urine flow. We conclude that plasma AII might have an antidiuretic action in DI rats. However, AII does not mediate the antidiuresis induced by furosemide.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei Brattleboro-Ratten mit hereditärem hypothalamischen Diabetes insipidus (DI Ratten) wurden folgende Fragen untersucht: a) Wirken exogenes and endogenes Angiotensin II (AII) antidiuretisch bei Diabetes insipidus? b) Vermittelt AII den antidiuretischen Effekt von Furosemid? Ergebnisse: 1. AII (5 mg/kg s.c. in Ö1) und Furosemid (50 mg/kg i.p.) verminderten die Urin- und erhöhten die renale Natriumausscheidung. Furosemid führte zu einem zweifachen Anstieg der AII Plasma Konzentration und zur Verminderung der Plasma-Natrium Konzentration. 2. SQ 14 225 (2×2,5 mg/kg p.o.), ein Hemmer des Angiotensin I Converting Enzym, führte zu einer Zunahme der Urin- und der renalen Natriumausscheidung. 3. Auch wenn die Bildung von AII mit SQ 14 225 (2×2,5 mg/kg p.o.) blockiert wurde, reduzierte Furosemid die Urinausscheidung, obwohl die AII Plasma Konzentration 2,5fach vermindert war. Wir schließen daraus, daß Plasma AII bei DI Ratten antidiuretisch wirken kann. Allerdings vermittelt AII nicht den antidiuretischen Effekt von Furosemid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01477455
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