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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Onkologe 2 (1996), S. 346-351 
    ISSN: 1433-0415
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Onkologe 2 (1996), S. 376-378 
    ISSN: 1433-0415
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1433-0458
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Tracheobronchoskopie ; Ösophagoskopie ; HNO ; Komplikationen ; Key words Tracheobronchoscopy ; Esophagoscopy ; Surgical complications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary It is the task of each medical specialty to develop guidelines for diagnosis and therapies. Examinations done by several specialties should follow a common consensus. A randomized survey at 70 German ENT departments investigated the current position of tracheobronchoscopy and esophagoscopy at each institution. Sixty questionnaires were evaluable. Altogether 8,295 tracheobronchoscopies and 10,404 esophagoscopies were performed. Thirty-six percent of all tracheobronchoscopies and 6% of all esophagoscopies were done with a flexible system. Approximately 58% of all tracheobronchoscopies and 55% of all esophagoscopies were performed for tumor staging. Complications during tracheobronchoscopy occurred in 0.8% of cases and in 0.58% of the esophagoscopies. Using these data an interdisciplinary quality assurance concept was developed for tracheobronchoscopy and esophagoscopy. Current experience has shown that a otolaryngologists in Germany mainly perform rigid tracheobronchoscopy and esophagoscopy. Although endoscopy is mostly done in cases with varied anatomic structures, complications are very rare and comparable to flexible techniques. Greater experience with flexible systems also is to be encouraged in ENT departments.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Hintergrund: Es muß Aufgabe jedes einzelnen Fachbereichs sein, Leitlinien für die von ihm behandelten Erkrankungen und durchgeführten Untersuchungen zu erstellen. Für fachübergreifende Behandlungen ergibt sich die Forderung nach einem gemeinsamen Konsens. Material und Methoden: Durch eine anonymisierte Umfrage an 70 HNO-Kliniken und Belegabteilungen sollte ein Ist-Stand der Tracheobronchoskopie und Ösophagoskopie in der Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde erhoben werden. Ausgewertet werden konnten insgesamt 60 Fragebögen. Unter Berücksichtigung dieser Ergebnisse wurde ein Leitlinienentwurf „Tracheobronchoskopie und Ösophagoskopie” erarbeitet. Ergebnisse: Insgesamt wurden 8295 Tracheobronchoskopien und 10404 Ösophagoskopien durchgeführt; 36% der Tracheobronchoskopien und 6% der Ösophagoskopien erfolgten mit einem flexiblen System. In 58% der Fälle erfolgte die Tracheobronchoskopie zum Tumorstaging, bei der Ösophagoskopie betrug die Anzahl der Untersuchungen zum Tumorstaging 55%. Die Komplikationsrate bei der Tracheobronchoskopie betrug 0,8%, bei der Ösophagoskopie 0,58%. Aufbauend auf diesen Strukturdaten wurde ein interdisziplinär erarbeiteter Leitlinienentwurf in einem Delphiverfahren abgeglichen. Schlußfolgerungen: Die Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Ärzte in Deutschland führen mehrheitlich die starre Tracheobronchoskopie und Ösophagoskopie durch. Obwohl größtenteils bei veränderten anatomischen Strukturen endoskopiert wird, geschieht dies mit Komplikationsraten, die vergleichbar sind mit internationalen Studien bei Einsatz flexibler Systeme. Trotzdem sollte sich der HNO-Arzt vermehrt auch um die flexiblen Techniken bemühen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Endo-mannanases and endo-xylanases cleave different heteromannans and xylans yielding mainly dimers and trimers of the corresponding sugars as end-products. However, in the early stages of hydrolysis, four purified mannanases and four xylanases from fungal and bacterial origin, examined in this study, showed a different pattern of released oligomers (determined up to the pentamers). Furthermore, some of these enzymes showed a preference for cleaving the polysaccharides in the middle of the chain while others acted more at the end. When the increase in the specific fluidity of mannan and xylan solutions per reducing sugar released (K v) was measured against the bleaching effect of the enzymes on softwood kraft pulp, a correlation was found. A xylanase from Penicillium simplicissimum (K v = 0.15 l mPa−1s−1g−1) and a mannanase from Sclerotium rolfsii (K v = 0.12 l mPa−1s−1g−1) applied in a O(QX)P bleaching sequence (O = oxygen delignification, X = treatment with hemicellulolytic enzymes, Q = chelation of metals, P = treatment with hydrogen peroxide in alkaline solution) gave a high brightness increase of 3.0% and 1.9% ISO respectively. A less significant brightness increase was obtained with enzymes showing lower K v values, such as a xylanase from Schizophyllum commune (Kv = 0.051  l mPa−1s−1g−1, 0.2% ISO) and a bacterial mannanase (K v = 0.061 l mPa−1s−1g−1,0.5% ISO).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und -Forschung 204 (1997), S. 39-42 
    ISSN: 1431-4630
    Keywords: Key words Zearalenone ; Wheat ; Fusarium graminearum ; Cereal contamination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  The contamination of cereals with field-growing Fusarium species can be a health hazard since Fusarium are known for their ability to produce mycotoxins like zearalenone (ZON) and deoxynivalenol (DON). For this study the formation of ZON was investigated under controlled growth conditions. Ergosterol, as an indicator of fungal growth, and ZON were analysed by HPLC with UV and fluorescence detection respectively. It is shown that ZON is synthesised in the late growth phase of the fungi, which is typical for secondary metabolites. Milling of contaminated wheat shows a reduced content of ZON in fractions of low ash content. Consequently the concentration of ZON in bran, which has a high ash content, was much higher.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für angewandte Mathematik und Physik 46 (1995), S. 960-970 
    ISSN: 1420-9039
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In a number of excellent, even recently published, books in Theoretical Mechanics the equations of motion of a folded inextensible string, for example to explain the crack of a whip, are derived using either the energy principle, if a system of one degree of freedom is considered, or Lagrange's equations for conservative systems, if a system of more than one degree of freedom is studied. However, it will be shown in this paper that the resulting equations are incorrect because physically a nonconservative system is given. Hence, both methods mentioned above based on energy conservation must not be used. A correct derivation of the equations of motion is given by means of the linear momentum balance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Historic skeletal series — Human lumbar spine — Growth and Aging — Cancellous bone — Osteoporosis.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. There is abundant data on cancellous bone in the aging human spine, but little relating to the growing vertebral cancellous bone in childhood and adolescence. The purpose of this study was to map vertebral cancellous bone in a growth and age series of historic skeletal samples and to make comparisons with data published on recent material. Lumbar vertebral bodies were collected from 65 skeletons (0–60 years) from a medieval Nubian population. Ethnohistoric information was collected to interpret conditions that might have influenced bone structure and metabolism. The cancellous bone was studied three dimensionally, using stereophotography and scanning electron microscopy and morphometrically by performing a semiautomatic structural analysis on digitized backscattered electron images of polymethacrylate-embedded material. The cancellous bone structure in the children consisted mainly of a densely packed, uniform network of small rodlike trabeculae. The greatest bone volume fraction with small, more platelike trabeculae was observed during adolescence. In young adults, larger platelike trabeculae were present in the central zone and smaller trabeculae in the superior and inferior zones, as described for modern skeletal material. Structural changes associated with aging were observed much sooner than in modern man. By the estimated age of approximately 50–60 years, the predominant architectural elements were slender rarified rods in both sexes. The ethnohistorical data suggest that this was essentially a black African population of physically active peasants, not likely to suffer Vitamin D insufficiency or deficient calcium intake. Thus an earlier onset of the biological age changes in cancellous bone found in modern populations was probably prevalent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Computer tomography ; Insufficiency fracture ; Sacral bone ; Vacuum phenomenon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Sacral insufficiency fractures develop over a period of time and show time-dependent changes. We report on 15 CT examinations of 5 patients with early-stage insufficiency fractures of the sacrum. In 4 patients only irregular sclerosis without distinct fracture lines was present in 7 of 8 fractures. Of these 4 patients; 3 exhibited intraosseous gas inclusions in a ventral part of a lateral mass; 5 of 8 fractures disclosed a ventral cortical break. When distinct fracture lines had developed in 1 patient, intraosseous vacuum phenomenon had disappeared. Fracture lines evolve over weeks to months and show central bone absorption. The fractures can heal as demonstrated in 4 of 6 fractures in 3 patients, can persist over 1 year without significant changes or can progress to pseudoarthrosis with bone destruction similar to neuropathic joint disease. Intraosseous vacuum phenomena can persist to this stage. Intraosseous vacuum phenomenon is recognized as a potential finding in the early stage of sacral insufficiency fracture, which also is true for irregular sclerosis and ventral cortical disruption.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Lungentransplantation ; Anastomosenkomplikation ; Angioplastie ; Bronchialstent ; Key words Lung transplantation ; Anastomotic complications ; Angioplasty ; Bronchial stenting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Purpose: Bronchial and arterial anastomotic stenoses are major complications after lung transplantation. Interventional techniques provide a definitive cure in certain cases. Material and methods: Three out of four patients had ischemia-related stenoses of the bronchial anastomoses postoperatively; one patient developed malacia of the bronchus main stem 1 year after transplantation. Four patients had stenoses of the arterial anastomoses, which resulted in hemodynamic instability and reduced perfusion of the graft. Results: Stent implantation in the bronchial anastomoses (n = 3) and in the main stem (n = 1) improved ventilation and oxygen saturation in all patients. The stents were incorporated by mucosal overgrowth, as demonstrated by endoscopy, as early as 6 weeks after implantation. Balloon dilatation (n = 3) and stent implantation (n = 1) were successfully performed in 4 patients with stenoses of the arterial anastomoses. The mean transstenotic pressure gradient of 9.5 mm Hg was reduced to 2.2 mm Hg after angioplasty. Lung perfusion shifted towards the grafts, as shown by 99mTc perfusion scans. Conclusion: The minimally invasive techniques of interventional radiology are very effective in the treatment of anastomotic complications after lung transplantation and may avoid surgery in certain cases.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Komplikationen nach Lungentransplantation betreffen in erster Linie die Bronchusanastomose und die Pulmonalarterienanastomose. Sie sind ischämieinduziert oder auf chirurgisch-technische Probleme zurückzuführen. Bei 8 von 66 transplantierten Patienten traten postoperative Stenosen an der arteriellen Anastomose (n = 4) und an der Bronchusanastomose (n = 4) auf, die jeweils zu einem organ- bzw. lebensbedrohlichen Zustand der Patienten geführt hatten. Die interventionelle Behandlung war bei allen Patienten erfolgreich; 4 Patienten wurden bei Anastomosenstenose bzw. Malazie der Bronchusanastomose mit Metallstent versorgt, 4 Patienten mit Stenosierung an der Pulmonalarterienanastomose wurden einer Ballondilatation bzw. zusätzlicher Stentimplantation zugeführt. Die Indikation zur Behandlung und die Überprüfung des Dilatationsergebnisses wurde anhand der Stenosegradienten ermittelt, zur ausreichenden Erweiterung war eine Ballonkaliberstärke von 15 bis 20 mm erforderlich. Indikation zur Stentimplantation war eine elastische Instabilität bei einem Patienten. Der minimal-invasive Eingriff bei schwerkranken Patienten, die effiziente und komplikationslose Therapie und der erfolgreiche Langzeitverlauf sprechen dafür, bei Anastomosenproblemen nach Lungentransplantation interventionelle radiologische Verfahren primär einzusetzen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta mechanica 127 (1998), S. 155-163 
    ISSN: 1619-6937
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary For the simulation of large amplitude motions of thin, visco-elastic tethers connecting two satellites several numerical algorithms were developed recently. However, since we are dealing with highly nonlinear, nearly Hamiltonian multiple degree of freedom systems we typically will have to expect transient chaotic motions if the motion starts in the neighborhood of a saddle point. For tethered satellite systems we have two stable radial and two unstable tangent-to-orbit equilibria. By simulation with a specially adapted finite-element program we show that the asymptotic behaviour of the system strongly depends on the choice of the initial conditions. Thus, starting in the vicinity of an unstable equilibrium, we cannot predict in which of the attractors it settles down finally. A simple tether model by V. Beletsky and D. Pankova is used to demonstrate the fractal nature of the basin boundary of the two attractors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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