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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 9 (1879), S. 83-89 
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: PACS: 25.30.Fj Nuclear Reactions: Inelastic electron scattering to continuum – 14.20.Dh Properties of Specific Particles: Protons and neutrons – 13.40.Gp Electromagnetic form factors – 25.10.+s Nuclear reactions involving few–nucleon systems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: The electric form factor of the neutron G E,n has been determined at the Mainz Microtron MAMI at the low momentum transfer Q 2= 0.15 (GeV/c)2 in a measurement of the recoil polarisation ratio P x/Pz in the quasifree reaction D(e,e′n)p. At this Q 2 the influence of the nuclear binding is strong. A purely kinematical model is used to get some insight into the effect of the initial Fermi momentum distribution of the neutron. The influence of the final state interaction is determined quantitatively by a model of Arenhövel et al.. After the corresponding corrections a value of G E,n(0.15 (GeV/c)2) = 0.0481±0.0065stat±0.0053syst is obtained.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter: Hospitalmortalität – Intensivtherapie – APACHE-II-Score – APACHE-III-Score – Glasgow Coma Scale ; Key words: Hospital mortality – Intensive care medicine – APACHE II score – APACHE III score – Glasgow Coma Scale
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract. The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation model (APACHE II, APACHE III) is used to describe the severity of illness and predict the outcome in critically ill patients. APACHE III, introduced in 1991, has not yet been validated in Europe. We calculated APACHE II and APACHE III scores in patients after admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) and compared the prognostic value on hospital mortality. Method. One hundred fifty patients with stay of over 24 h were enrolled in the study and prospectively and consecutively investigated. APACHE II and III scores were calculated as described by the authors. The mean and median values of the survivors were compared with the non-surviving group (Mann-Whitney U test). Receiver operating characteristics (ROC analysis) and the areas under the ROC curves were plotted. Results. Of the 150 patients, 34 died during their hospital stay (22.7%). The mean and median APACHE II and III scores were significantly higher (P〈0.001) in the non-surviving group. The area under the ROC curve was higher for APACHE III (0.899) compared to APACHE II (0.847). Conclusions. APACHE II and APACHE III were both found to have good prognostic value in general ICU patients. Our results suggest that the APACHE III version includes a more precise prediction of hospital mortality than APACHE II. A new aspect of APACHE III is an expanded modification of the Glasgow Coma Scale to assess neurologic derangements.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung. Wir verglichen die neue Version des "Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation" (APACHE-III) Scores mit der bekannten und etablierten Version APACHE-II, indem wir die Schwere von Erkrankungen oder Verletzungen bei 150 Patienten nach deren Aufnahme auf die Intensivstation mittels beider Scores ermittelten. Die Mittel- und Medianwerte der Patientengruppe, die überlebte, waren für beide Scores signifikant niedriger (p〈0,001, Mann-Whitney-U-Test) im Vergleich zu den Patienten, die im Verlauf der Hospitalphase verstarben. Der durch das Verfahren der "receiver operating characteristics analysis" (ROC-Analyse) vorgenommene statistische Vergleich der prognostischen Qualität ergab für APACHE-III eine noch höhere Genauigkeit (Fläche unter der ROC-Kurve=0,899) im Vergleich zu APACHE-II (0,847). Nach unseren Ergebnissen ist APACHE-III genauso gut geeignet wie APACHE-II, den Erkrankungsgrad von Intensivpatienten zu charakterisieren. Weitere Untersuchungen müßten zeigen, ob APACHE-III – wie in unseren Befunden angedeutet – noch präziser das Mortalitätsrisiko zu prognostizieren vermag als APACHE-II.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Anaesthesist 44 (1995), S. 677-686 
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Herzfrequenz ; Arrhythmie ; Sinusarrhythmie ; Autonomes Nervensystem ; Anästhesie ; Key words Heart rate ; Arrhythmia ; sinus ; Autonomic nervous system ; Anaesthesia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Background and methods. Small, periodic fluctuations in heart rate are well known to physicians, the respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) being the most easily detectable form of this heart rate variability (HRV). Since it is caused by changing activity of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) controlling heart rate, HRV is investigated to gain information on the functional states of the ANS. Recent developments have led to computer-aided processing of EKG signals based on time and frequency domain methods – the latter using power spectral analysis by fast Fourier or autoregressive algorithms – to exactly describe and quantify HRV. Three major regions in the frequency spectrum between 0.03 and 0.5 Hz (the suitable range for short-term recordings) have been established: (1) a region around the respiratory rate, usually between 0.2 and 0.35 Hz, called high frequency (HF), (2) a region around 0.1 Hz attributed to vasomotor activity feedback, called low (or mid-) frequency (LF), (3) a peak around 0.04–0.05 Hz correlated to thermoregulation, called very low (or low)frequency (VLF). Power spectral density of HRV is now commonly accetped as a measure of autonomic cardiovascular control activity. By studies on vagal or sympathetic blockade, the HF (or RSA) region has been attributed solely to vagal activity, while both parts of the ANS may contribute to the other two, with, however, the vagal part predominating the resting, healthy individuals. Clinical applications/anaesthesia. Thus, spectral analysis of HRV provides a measure for quantifying sympatho-vagal balance in its physiological range. Additionally, reduction of HRV along with cardiovascular disease, including hypertension, myocardial infarction, heart failure and sudden cardiac death, as well as with autonomic dysregulation, has been reported. Since is also a striking reduction produced by most anaesthetic agents, RSA and HRV are investigated as measures of anaesthetic depth. There are contradictory data on the influence of ventilation, medication, and co-existing disease on the spectrum, and thus validation of the method is still to be achieved. It has, however, been proven useful in some studies as a parameter for risk assessment of perioperative or post-infarction cardiovascular complications.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Periodische Schwankungen der Herzfrequenz, speziell die respiratorische Sinusarrhythmie (RSA) als Teil dieser Herzfrequenzvariabilität (HRV), sind der Medizin lange bekannt. Da sie ihre Ursache in der Aktivität des autonomen Nervensystems (ANS) haben, wird die HRV als Maß für dessen Funktionszustand untersucht. Die Möglichkeit der computergestützten EKG-Auswertung im Zeit- und Frequenzbereich (Spektralanalyse) erlaubt eine genaue Analyse der HRV. Drei Bereiche im Frequenzspektrum zwischen 0,03 und 0,5 Hz werden beschrieben: 1. um die Atemfrequenz, meist zwischen 0,2 und 0,35 Hz, 2. um 0,1 Hz, vasomotorischer Aktivität zugeschrieben, 3. zwischen 0,04 und 0,05 Hz, als Zeichen thermoregulatorischer Prozesse. Die Spektralenergie der HRV ist als Maß für den vegetativen Einfluß auf das Herz-Kreislauf-System akzeptiert. Durch vagale und sympathische Blockade konnte die RSA allein parasympathischer Aktivität zugeordnet werden, während an den anderen Bereichen beide Teile des ANS beteiligt sind. Daher bietet die Spektralanalyse der HRV ein Maß für die autonome Balance im physiologischen Bereich. Verminderungen der HRV im Zusammenhang mit Hypertonus, Herzinfarkt, Herzinsuffizienz ebenso wie mit autonomer Dysregulation sind beschrieben. Da Narkosemittel ebenfalls einen deutlichen Abfall der HRV bewirken, sind RSA und HRV zur Überwachung der Narkose im Gespräch. Bisher existieren widersprüchliche Daten über den Einfluß von Beatmung, Medikamenten und Grunderkrankungen, so daß die Methode besserer Standardisierung bedarf. Dennoch hat sich eine erniedrigte HRV als brauchbarer Risikoparameter für perioperative oder postinfarzielle Komplikationen erwiesen.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Geriatrische Patienten ; Anästhesie ; Kognitive Funktionen ; Physiologische Parameter ; Hüft-Totalendoprothese ; Key words Geriatric patients ; Anaesthesia ; Cognitive functions ; Physiological parameters ; Hip arthroplasty
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Objective: The aim of the present study was to show the influence of the parameters of gas exchange (arterial oxygen pressure paO2, arterial oxygen saturation SatO2) and haemodynamics (arterial systolic and mean blood pressure RRs and MAP) on the restitution of cognitive functions in geriatric patients scheduled for elective hip arthroplasty. Methods: A total of 30 patients (70 years, ASA II) were randomized to be operated either in regional anaesthesia (n=15) or general anaesthesia (n=15). PaO2 (by capillary blood gas analysis), RRs and MAP (by oscillometry) were measured 15 and 90 minutes after arrival in the recovery unit (t1 and t2), 24 and 72 hours postoperatively (t3 and t4), and cognitive functions were tested. Intraoperatively, throughout the day and the first night after surgery we measured satO2 by continous pulse oximetry. We recorded MAP and RRs by oscillometry every 3 minutes during the operation and every15 minutes for the rest of that day and night. Results: The parameters of gas exchange and haemodynamics did not differ among the groups. PaO2 was significantly reduced in both groups compared to baseline 24 hours postoperatively (t3) and remained low until 72 hours postoperatively (t4). Nearly all cognitive functions were significantly reduced in both groups compared to baseline 15 and 90 minutes after arrival in the recovery unit (t1 and t2), but recovered on the first postoperative day (t3). Both groups kept deficits in verbal memory and reading capacity up to the third postoperative day (t4). There was no correlation between the physiological parameters and the restitution of the tested cognitive functions. Conclusion: The restitution of cognitive functions during the first three postoperative days in geriatric patients scheduled for elective hip surgery does not depend on the anaesthetic technique. According to our results regional anaesthesia does not show any advantage for geriatric patients undergoing elective hip arthroplasty.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Fragestellung: Ziel unserer Untersuchung war es, mögliche kognitive Funktionsdefizite geriatrischer Patienten nach Allgemein- und rückenmarknaher Regionalanästhesie mit Parametern des Gasaustauschs (Sauerstoffpartialdruck paO2, Sauerstoffsättigung SatO2) und der Hämodynamik (arterieller systolischer und mittlerer Blutdruck RRs und MAP) in Beziehung zu setzen. Methodik: 30 Patienten (70 Jahre, ASA II), die sich der elektiven Implantation einer Hüft-Totalendoprothese unterzogen, wurden randomisiert entweder in rückenmarknaher Regionalanästhesie (n=15) oder Allgemeinanästhesie (n=15) operiert. 15 bzw. 90 min nach Ankunft im Aufwachraum (AWR – t1 bzw. t2), 24 bzw. 72 h postoperativ (t3 bzw. t4) wurden der paO2 (kapilläre Blutgasanalyse), RRs und MAP (oszillometrische Messung) dokumentiert sowie die kognitive Leistungsfähigkeit testpsychologisch untersucht. Intraoperativ, während des Operationstags und der ersten Nacht wurden im AWR die SatO2 pulsoxymetrisch kontinuierlich aufgezeichnet, der MAP und RRs oszillometrisch intraoperativ alle 3 min, im AWR alle 15 min gemessen. Ergebnisse: Die Parameter des Gasaustauschs und der Hämodynamik unterschieden sich in beiden Gruppen nicht. Der paO2 war in beiden Gruppen 24 h postoperativ (t3) zum präoperativen Ausgangswert (t0) signifikant erniedrigt und blieb auch 72 h postoperativ (t4) deutlich unter der Baseline. Bei beiden Narkoseverfahren erwiesen sich 15 und 90 min nach Ankunft im AWR (t1 und t2) nahezu alle untersuchten kognitiven Funktionen gegenüber dem Ausgangswert als signifikant verschlechtert. Beide Gruppen blieben bis zum 3. postoperativen Tag (t4) in der mittelfristigen verbalen Merkfähigkeit und in der Lesegeschwindigkeit beeinträchtigt. Zwischen den physiologischen Parametern und der postoperativen kognitiven Leistungsfähigkeit bestand in beiden Gruppen keine Korrelation. Schlußfolgerung: Bei geriatrischen Patienten, die sich elektiven hüftgelenknahen orthopädischen Eingriffen unterziehen, erfolgt die Restitution kognitiver Funktionen in den ersten drei postoperativen Tagen unabhängig vom angewandten Anästhesieverfahren. Anhand unserer Daten bietet eine Regionalanästhesie bei hüftchirurgischen Eingriffen für geriatrische Patienten keine nachweisbaren Vorteile gegenüber der Allgemeinanästhesie.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Key words γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase ; Mononuclear cells ; Leukemias ; Glutathione ; n-Acetyl cysteine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The expression of the ectoenzyme γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (EC2.3.2.2., γGT) was investigated by flow cytometry on populations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy subjects and patients suffering from several types of leukemia before and under chemotherapy. In unstimulated PBMC, 28% of these cells were found to be γGT positive. The highest expression was measured on monocytes (CD14/γGT+ cells: 60%). Within the subsets of T lymphocytes (CD3/γGT+ cells: 18%) we saw no clear differences between CD4+ and CD8+ cells. B lymphocytes, NK cells, and activated cells showed low expressions (up to 10%). Treatment of PBMC with mitogens, α-IFN, IL-2, and GM-CSF did not affect the enzyme expression on normal mononuclear cells (MNC). However, a rapid increase of γGT+ cells was found in the presence of glutathione (GSH) and n-acetyl cysteine (nAC), particularly on monocytes, B cells, and NK cells. Comparing 40 healthy subjects and untreated patients suffering from leukemias, a significantly higher expression of γGT+ cells in the total MNC populations (B-CLL: 57%, CML: 62% γGT+ cells) was observed in B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) and chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), whereas other leukemias did not show clear differences. Most interestingly, the γGT expression was diminished in all populations of CML cells after 5 h of incubation in the presence of 10 units/ml IFN-α. These data suggest a possible protective role of γGT in MNC and a regulatory function of this enzyme in the development of CML.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase ; Mononuclear cells ; Leukemias ; Glutathione ; n-Acetyl cysteine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The expression of the ectoenzymeγ-glutamyl transpeptidase (EC2.3.2.2.,γGT) was investigated by flow cytometry on populations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy subjects and patients suffering from several types of leukemia before and under chemotherapy. In unstimulated PBMC, 28% of these cells were found to beγGT positive. The highest expression was measured on monocytes (CD14/γGT+ cells: 60%). Within the subsets of T lymphocytes (CD3/γGT+ cells: 18%) we saw no clear differences between CD4+ and CD8+ cells. B lymphocytes, NK cells, and activated cells showed low expressions (up to 10%). Treatment of PBMC with mitogens, α-IFN, IL-2, and GM-CSF did not affect the enzyme expression on normal mononuclear cells (MNC). However, a rapid increase of yGT+ cells was found in the presence of glutathione (GSH) and n-acetyl cysteine (nAC), particularly on monocytes, B cells, and NK cells. Comparing 40 healthy subjects and untreated patients suffering from leukemias, a significantly higher expression ofγGT+ cells in the total MNC populations (B-CLL: 57%, CML: 62%γGT+ cells) was observed in B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) and chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), whereas other leukemias did not show clear differences. Most interestingly, theγGT expression was diminished in all populations of CML cells after 5 h of incubation in the presence of 10 units/ml IFN-α. These data suggest a possible protective role ofγGT in MNC and a regulatory function of this enzyme in the development of CML.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Histoplasmosis ; Inflammatory pseudotumour ; Thoracic surgery. ; Schlüsselwörter: Histoplasmose ; inflammatorischer Pseudotumor ; Thoraxchirurgie.RID=""ID="" Die Autoren danken Herrn Prof. Dr. Schulz, Direktor der Klinik und Poliklinik für Diagnostische Radiologie der Universität Leipzig, für die freundliche Überlassung der Befunde der bildgebenden Diagnostik. Weiterhin gilt unser Dank Herrn Dr. Nenoff, Klinik für Haut- und Geschlechtskrankheiten der Universität Leipzig, für seine engagierte Mitarbeit auf dem Gebiet der mykologischen Serologie.RID=""ID="" Dr. A. Frey Klinik für Allgemeine Chirurgie, Onkologische Chirurgie und Thoraxchirurgie Zentrum für Chirurgie der Universität Liebigstraße 20a D-04103 Leipzig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Beschrieben wird der Fall eines inflammatorischen Pseudotumors der Lunge, kombiniert mit einer Hiluslymphknotenhistoplasmose außerhalb eines Endemiegebiets bei einer immunkompetenten 35 jährigen Patientin. Seit eineinhalb Jahren litt die Patientin an Kopfschmerzen und schmerzhaften Schwellungen der Unterschenkel, einhergehend mit Rötung und Überwärmung. Weiterhin beschrieb die Patientin typische Flush-Anfälle, die vor einem halben Jahr hinzugekommen seien. Hauptbefund war ein röntgenologisch festgestellter suspekter runder Verschattungsherd in der rechten Lunge. Nach Abklärung der differentialdiagnostischen Möglichkeiten wurde eine Oberlappenresektion rechts durchgeführt, die histologische Aufarbeitung der Operationspräparate ergab einen inflammatorischen Pseudotumor der Lunge bei gleichzeitig bestehender Histoplasmose der Hiluslymphknoten. Nach einem komplikationsfreien postoperativen Verlauf wurde eine antimykotische Behandlung angeschlossen. Diskutiert werden das möglicherweise zufällige gleichzeitige Auftreten zweier Krankheitsbilder bzw. deren kausale Beziehung sowie das therapeutische Vorgehen mit Blick auf die einschlägige Literatur.
    Notes: Summary. The article deals with the case of an inflammatory pseudotumour of the lung in conjunction with histoplasmosis of the hilar lymph glands in a 35-year-old immunocompetent woman in a non-endemic area. She had been suffering from headaches and painful swelling of the lower legs, reddening and hyperthermia for 1.5 years. In addition to the above-mentioned symptoms she also complained of a typical flush syndrome which had begun a year later. The main paraclinical finding was a round mass in the right lung in chest radiography. After considering various differential diagnostic possibilities, thoracotomy and resection of the upper lobe of the right lung were performed. The histological diagnosis of the material removed was that of an inflammatory pseudotumour of the lung, combined with histoplasmosis of the hilar lymph glands. Following a postoperative period without complications, antimycotic treatment was performed. The discussion includes whether the simultaneous occurrence of these two diseases is coincidental or whether there is a causal relation between the two. The authors also discuss various treatments with reference to the relevant literature.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 13.40.Fn ; 25.30.Bf
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The measurement of the polarisation transfer to the proton in the reactions $$H(\vec e,e'\vec p)$$ and $$D(\vec e,e'\vec p)$$ performed with longitudinally polarised electrons in quasi-free kinematics is presented. The coincidence measurement was executed atQ 2≈8fm −2 using the 855 MeV, c.w. beam of the Mainz Microtron MAMI. The recoil polarisation was determined by means of a carbon analyser. The experiment shows that the binding of the nucleon does not modify the polarisationP x of the recoil proton within an error ofΔ P x/Px≈10%. The measured polarisation agrees with recent theoretical predictions. Implications for the measurement of the electric form factor of the neutron using the $$D(\vec e,e'\vec n)$$ reaction are discussed.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: PACS: 14.20.Dh Properties of specific particles: Protons and neutrons – 24.70.+s Nuclear reactions: Polarization phenomena in reactions – 13.40.Gp Specific reactions and phenomenology: Electromagnetic form factors – 25.10.+s Nuclear reactions involving few–nucleon systems – 25.30.Fj Nuclear reactions: Inelastic electron scattering to continuum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: The electric form factor of the neutron GEn has been determined in double polarized exclusive 3 He(e,e'n) scattering in quasi–elastic kinematics by measuring asymmetries A ⊥, A ∥ of the cross section with respect to helicity reversal of the electron, with the nuclear spin being oriented perpendicular to the momentum transfer q in case of A⊥ and parallel in case of A∥. The experiment was performed at the 855 MeV c. w. microtron MAMI at Mainz. The degree of polarization of the electron beam and of the gaseous 3 He target were each about 50%. Scattered electrons and neutrons were detected in coincidence by detector arrays covering large solid angles. Quasi–elastic scattering events were reconstructed from the measured electron scattering angles ϑe, φe and the neutron momentum vector p n ′ in the plane wave impulse approximation. We obtain the result 〈G En〉(0.27 〈 Q2c2/GeV2 〈 0.5)= 0.0334 ± 0.0033stat± 0.0028syst which is averaged over the indicated range of Q 2, the squared momentum transfer. This G En value is significantly smaller than measured from the D(e,e'n) reaction under similar kinematical conditions. To what extent final state interactions in 3He quench the G En result is subject of calculations currently in progress elsewhere.
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