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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 64 (1988), S. 4323-4328 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A numerical study of the motion of the gaseous medium in nuclear-reactor-pumped lasers with cylindrical geometry has revealed the existence of an axis-shielding phenomenon—the spatial nonuniformity of the fission-fragment energy deposition forces the gas to redistribute itself in a way that causes the on-axis power density to vanish. The nondimensional parameters that govern the energy deposition and the gas motion are derived, and the region of parameter space in which axis shielding occurs is determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 63 (1993), S. 996-998 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have performed a detailed study of the superconducting transport properties of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x bicrystal grain boundary junctions (GBJs). The GBJs were fabricated by the deposition of c-axis oriented epitaxial Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x films on SrTiO3 bicrystal substrates. The measured resistive transition R(T), the current-voltage characteristics (IVCs), the temperature dependence of the critical current density Jc(T), and the magnetic field dependence of the critical current Ic(B) of the Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x GBJs are similar to those observed for YBa2Cu3O7−δ GBJs. However, for the same misorientation angle the magnitude of Jc is almost an order of magnitude smaller for the BSCCO-GBJs. The R(T) dependencies and the IVCs of the BSCCO-GBJs are close to the prediction of the resistively shunted junction (RSJ) model. The Ic(B) dependencies are close to those of large Josephson junctions with overlap geometry. Our results show that BSCCO-GBJs may be useful for cryoelectronic applications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 62 (1993), S. 2871-2873 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report the spatially resolved transport properties of a three-layer YBa2Cu3O7−δ flux transformer using low-temperature scanning electron microscopy. The seven-turn spiral coil is fabricated using a crossover technology with SrTiO3 as an insulator. The different layers were patterned with shadow masks or optical lithography. We show that the insulating SrTiO3 film has no shorts and that the overlaying YBa2Cu3O7−δ spiral reveals a reduced zero resistance critical temperature at the steps and edges of the insulator.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 62 (1993), S. 783-785 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have performed a detailed study of the magnetic field dependence of the critical current, Ic(B), of YBa2Cu3O7−δ bicrystal grain boundary junctions (GBJs). GBJs with width W much larger than the Josephson penetration depth λJ show Ic(B) dependencies that are close to those of ideal large Josephson junctions with overlap geometry. The Ic(B) dependencies are symmetrical with respect to B=0 and Ic decreases linearly with increasing applied magnetic field for B≤BJ1, where BJ1 is the lower critical field of the GBJ. Furthermore, Ic(B=0) increases linearly with increasing width of the GBJs as expected for Josephson junctions with overlap geometry. From the measured Ic(B) dependencies the temperature dependence of BJ1 and the London penetration depth could be derived.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 64 (1994), S. 241-243 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have studied the spatial distribution of the critical current density in YBa2Cu3O7−δ ramp edge Josephson junctions using low-temperature scanning electron microscopy. Applying this technique allows the imaging of the critical current density distribution with a spatial resolution of about 1 μm. Our measurements show that the geometry of the ramp-edge junction eases the trapping of magnetic flux quanta in the YBa2Cu3O7−δ layer covering the ramp edge. These trapped flux quanta result in a spatially inhomogeneous magnetic field parallel to the barrier layer, which in turn results in a spatially modulated supercurrent density and an unusual magnetic field dependence of the critical current.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Recent operation of the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) [Plasma Phys. Controlled Nucl. Fusion Research 1, 51 (1986)] has produced plasma equilibria with values of Λ≡βp eq+li/2 as large as 7, εβp dia≡2μ0ε〈p⊥〉/〈〈Bp〉〉2 as large as 1.6, and Troyon normalized diamagnetic beta [Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 26, 209 (1984); Phys. Lett. 110A, 29 (1985)], βNdia≡108〈βt⊥〉aB0/Ip as large as 4.7. When εβp dia(approximately-greater-than)1.25, a separatrix entered the vacuum chamber, producing a naturally diverted discharge that was sustained for many energy confinement times, τE. The largest values of εβp and plasma stored energy were obtained when the plasma current was ramped down prior to neutral beam injection. The measured peak ion and electron temperatures were as large as 24 and 8.5 keV, respectively. Plasma stored energy in excess of 2.5 MJ and τE greater than 130 msec were obtained. Confinement times of greater than 3 times that expected from L-mode predictions have been achieved. The fusion power gain QDD reached a value of 1.3×10−3 in a discharge with Ip=1 MA and εβp dia=0.85. A large, sustained negative loop voltage during the steady-state portion of the discharge indicates that a substantial noninductive component of Ip exists in these plasmas. Transport code analysis indicates that the bootstrap current constitutes up to 65% of Ip. Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) ballooning stability analysis shows that, while these plasmas are near, or at the βp limit, the pressure gradient in the plasma core is in the first region of stability to high-n modes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Aquaculture research 25 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. A method of testing the growth of different genetic groups of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., over 3 year cycles was demonstrated. In European aquaculture, attaining market weight of common carp usually requires growth periods of 3 years. Typical mean weights at the end of the first year are 20 to 40g. For genetic testing, each progeny is nursed in a separate first-year pond. Co-stocking these nursery ponds with samples of a genetically marked group of carp is a convenient method of multiple nursing for second- and third-year testing. This method does not require additional ponds for generating multiply nursed samples.Four successive experiments were carried out using this method of testing. Each experiment was run over a period of 3 years. The modified multiple nursing method generated sufficiently large weight differences only in one experiment. In the others, weight differentiation was small and unreliable, or several multiply nursed groups were lost or unidentifiable. Some improvements of this method are suggested. The genetic groups participating in the test included Ropsha carp, an Estonian strain and a strain of German mirror carp. The results are consistent with a similar study involving Chinese and European races of common carp.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 6 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We have studied the expression of the gene fragments encoding the enzymatically active portion of three bacterial cytotoxins: exotoxin A (ETA) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and pertussis toxin (PT) and adenylate cyclase toxin (CYA) of Bordetella pertussis, in sensitive mammalian target cells. Expression of active ETA and CYA was lethal to the producing cells and stable transfectants of Cos-1 cells containing the corresponding genes could not be obtained. The expression of the PTS1 subunit was tolerated by the producing mammalian cells. Since PT is cytotoxic because of ADP-ribosylation of G-proteins, we assume that the endogenously expressed PTS1 may not find the cellular target G proteins or PTS1 alone may not be sufficient for ADP-ribosylation of these proteins in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 3 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Pertussis toxin (PT) is the major virulence factor of Bordetella pertussis. The cloning and nucleotide sequencing of the PT genes from B. pertussis, Bordetella parapertussis and Bordetella bronchiseptica has elucidated the evolution of the Bordetella species and allowed considerable advances towards the understanding of their gene expression and the development of safer vaccines against pertussis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 1 (1987), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The nucleotide sequence of the pertussis toxin operon of Bordetella pertussis, Bordetella parapertussis and Bordetella bronchiseptica, has shown that the last two species contain many common mutations and are likely to derive from a common ancestor (Arico and Rappuoli, 1987). To elucidate further the evolutionary relationships between the Bordetella species, we have cloned and sequenced the promoter region and the gene coding for the S1 subunit of pertussis toxin from additional B. pertussis strains, such as the type strain BP 18323 and two recent clinical isolates, namely strain BP 13456 from Sweden and strain BP SA1 from Italy. While the strains BP SA1 and BP 13456 are shown to differ from the published B. pertussis sequences by only one base pair, the type strain BP 18323 contains a total of 11 base-pair substitutions. Remarkably, 9 of the 11 substitutions found in BP 18323 are also common to B. parapertussis and B. bronchiseptica, strongly suggesting that this strain derives from the same ancestor as B. parapertussis and B. bronchiseptica.Computer analysis of the sequence data allows the construction of an evolutionary ‘tree’ showing that the B. pertussis strains are very homogeneous and significantly distant from B. parapertussis and B. bronchiseptica. Therefore the proposed conversion from B. parapertussis to B. pertussis appears highly improbable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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