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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 61 (1987), S. 1055-1058 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The diffusion of platinum into n- and p-type silicon has been carried out at temperatures ranging from 850 to 1000 °C and for times ranging from 1 to 50 h. Three deep levels associated with platinum were detected by the deep-level transient spectroscopy technique: two acceptor levels of Ec−0.23 and Ec−0.52 eV and a donor level of Ev+0.36 eV. The Ec−0.23 and Ev+0.36 eV levels are produced by platinum occupying the substitutional sites of silicon lattice. The Ec−0.52 eV level has not been characterized but is probably associated with some interstitial platinum-oxygen or other defect complex. Diffusion profiles of the substitutional platinum show that platinum diffuses into silicon mainly via the so-called kick-out mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This article describes the outline of a time-resolved x-ray measurement system developed at the Photon Factory to study the pulsed laser annealing of silicon crystals. This system consists of a triple-crystal diffractometer, Q-switched Nd:YAG laser, and two fast detector electronics using a plastic scintillation counter, and enables us to examine the time-change behavior of nearly intrinsic rocking curves under laser irradiation with a time resolution of about 50 ns. The difference in the recovery from lattice deformation between 1.06-μm laser annealing and 0.53-μm laser annealing is clarified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: X-ray intensity versus energy (I-E) curves were measured in order to obtain the rod profiles. The three-dimensional surface structures of Si(111) 7/8 × 7/8 -Bi and -Ag were analyzed. The adsorption sites with respect to the crystal were derived from the intensity changes along the integral-order rods especially near the Bragg points by utilizing the interference effect between the x rays diffracted from the adsorbed layer and the bulk crystal. The positions of the surface Si atoms were studied by using the interference effect between the x rays diffracted from the adsorbed layer and the surface Si layer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 60 (1989), S. 2442-2442 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The beamline 14B at Photon Factory is one of three branches of the 5T vertical superconducting wiggler beamline (BL14) at Photon Factory. This branch is used mainly for precision x-ray optics experiments and partly for commissioning a low-angle double-crystal spectrometer and a gas-phase scattering apparatus. A double-crystal fixed-exit monochromator was installed on this beamline; it has two offset positions, 200 and 500 mm. In order to avoid the leak of high-energy x rays from the monochromator chamber, the first crystal is shielded by lead with a rotatable 2θ window inside the vacuum chamber. A precision x-ray optics experiment facility consists of two vertical axis goniometers designed for the use of vertical polarization. Rough rotation (360° with the finest step of 3.24 arcsec) and fine rotation (within 6°, the finest step of 0.01 arcsec) are changed with a clutch. A rotary encoder with precision of 1.0 arcsec is equipped. A double-crystal aligner mounted on one of the precision goniometers is constructed to make another double-crystal arrangement. Combining the beamline double-crystal monochromator with this aligner, we can make a fixed-exit four-crystal monochromator of (+n,−n,−m,+m) setting, known as the high resolution x-ray optics in energy as well as momentum. Two independent microcomputer control systems are used for beamline monochromator and experimental facility. These two systems are connected by a serial communication (RS-232C) line via a software controlled line selector. This makes it quite easy for user-made equipment to control the beamline monochromator synchronously by its own control system. A low-angle double-crystal spectrometer was further constructed to characterize synthetic multilayers. This spectrometer consists of two ω-2θ goniometers mounted on x- (used for vertical axis) or xz- (used for horizontal axis) translation stage. These goniometers are mounted on independent carriers of a y-translation stage along the x-ray beam.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Results of measurements made using the multipole wiggler at beamline 16 of Photon Factory are reported. Double crystal rocking curves, Si(111) and Si(333) topographs, and thermal maps of the cooled-crystal surface were measured at total incident power levels up to 1600 W and power densities up to 0.7 W/mm2 , for two different crystal designs. Significant crystal deformation occurred in the form of surface curvature for both designs. Finite element calculations provided a preview of the experimental results and proved very valuable in interpretation of the measurements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Since undulator light is sharply collimated itself, it can be effectively monochromatized by a perfect crystal. An x-ray double-crystal monochromator with a fixed exit has been designed and built for the use of undulator light from a 60-period undulator at Photon Factory (beamline 2A). Available Bragg angle ranges from 7° to 80°. Angle scan is made by means of a goniometer outside the vacuum chamber, with the finest step of 0.1 arcsec. Magnetic fluid is used as the vacuum seal of the feedthrough. The fixed exit beam position is kept by translating the second crystal along the two mechanical guides: one for normal and the other for parallel to the crystal surface. Adjustment of the parallelity of two crystals is made manually with flexible wires. Since a total power in the central coherent portion which is limited by a 1×1-mm2 slit is not so much, a stable operation is possible without cooling the crystal. Currently, InSb (111) reflection is used. The diffracting planes of the first cyrstal is 1° off from the surface and the second is the symmetric reflection. At its fifth harmonics, brilliant undulator light of approximately 1012 photons/s mm2 with 1-eV energy resolution is available (E=2 keV).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 60 (1989), S. 2126-2126 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Synchrotron radiation can furnish Mössbauer radiation sources with higher brightness compared with conventional radioactive γ-ray sources when nuclear resonant Bragg scattering of synchrotron radiation is utilized. So far the observation of nuclear resonant Bragg scattering has been successfully carried out using single crystals containing 57Fe isotope at INP, HASYLAB, and BNL. We intend to use 57Fe/Fe multilayers instead of the crystals as a nuclear scatterer. In order to observe nuclear resonant scattering it is necessary to suppress Thomson electronic scattering which makes a huge background noise. In the case of the multilayer containing 57Fe and 56Fe only, nuclear resonant Bragg scattering can be observed in the absence of electronic Bragg scattering. Computation of the reflected intensities from a multilayer was made by the method analogous to that used in the design of a multilayer interference filter for a visible ray. Multilayers were fabricated by depositing alternate layers of 57Fe and 56Fe with designed layer thicknesses of 8 and 12 A(ring), respectively. As substrates, quartz glass plates and quartz crystal plates were used. The substrates were cooled by liquid nitrogen. The structure of the multilayer was characterized by Mössbauer γ-ray diffraction. The 14.4-keV γ-rays from 57Co source were used. A rocking curve has a peak, when measured under the resonance condition. The Bragg angle of the peak coincide well with that calculated from the designed spacings. From these facts it is concluded that the peak corresponds to nuclear resonant Bragg scattering.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Design and experience of the initial operation of a new beamline (BL-16) for a 3.6-m-long, 53-pole wiggler/undulator constructed at the Photon Factory are described. The insertion device has hybrid permanent magnets with a period of 12 cm and a maximum magnetic field of 1.47 T. In the undulator mode, the energy of the fundamental peak can be varied from 40 to 400 eV. In the wiggler mode, an x-ray beam (critical energy of 6 keV) 50–100 times more intense than that from the bending magnets is obtained. The beamline consists of two time-shared branch lines: a side beamline for soft x-rays in the undulator operation, to which photon beams are deflected sideways by a cylindrical SiC mirror, and a straight line for hard x rays under the wiggler operation. On the hard x-ray line, a fixed-exit sagittal-focusing double-crystal monochromator has been installed and commissioned. Collimating and refocusing mirrors will be installed in 1989. On the undulator beamline, a soft x-ray monochromator utilizing sophisticatedly devised aberration correction optics is commissioned.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 93 (1989), S. 1988-1992 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 336 (1987), S. 438-444 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) ; Porcine coronary artery ; in vitro ; Relaxation ; Endothelium ; Cyclic AMP ; Cyclic GMP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Human and rat α-calcitonin gene-related peptides (CGRPs) caused relaxation of porcine coronary arterial strips precontracted by 10−5 M of prostaglandin (PG) F2α at low concentrations. pD2 values for human and rat CGRPs in endothelium-preserved strips were 8.41 ± 0.03 (n = 5) and 8.49 ± 0.03 (n = 5), respectively. The same concentrations of CGRPs relaxed the endothelium-depleted preparations. CGRPs were much more potent and had steeper concentration-response curves than isoproterenol, nitroglycerin (GTN), isobutyhnethylxanthine (IBMX), verapamil and nifedipine. Like isoproterenol, GTN and IBMX, but in contrast to the calcium antagonists, the relaxing potencies of human and rat CGRPs were greatly reduced in the strips precontracted by 50 mM of KCI. The relaxation caused by human CGRP was not affected by treatment with propranolol (10−6 M) or cimetidine (10−5 M). Human CGRP (1.6 × 10−8 M) caused a significant (about 2-fold) elevation of the content of cyclic AMP in coronary tissue but did not cause any change in the content of cyclic GMP. CGRP-like immunoreactive fibers were found to be localized in the adventitia but not in the media or intima of the coronary artery. These results indicate a direct and endothelium-independent potent relaxant action of CGRP in coronary vessels. This relaxation could be caused by a mechanism not shared by calcium antagonists but associated with the rise in cyclic AMP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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