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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Bedeutung einer isocalorischen stärke- oder rohrzuckerreichen Nahrung auf die Insulinsekretion und Glucoseassimilation (1972)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 50 (1972), S. 239-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Sucrose ; hyperinsulinemia ; glucose tolerance ; gastrointestinal factor ; Rohrzucker ; Hyperinsulinismus ; Glucoseassimilation ; gastrointestinale Faktoren
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Widersprüchliche Befunde in der Literatur ließen bisher keine Klarheit zu, inwieweit verschiedene Kohlenhydratformen einen unterschiedlichen Einfluß auf die Glucoseassimilation und Insulinsekretion haben. Bei Anwendung einer standardisierten isocalorischen Rohrzucker- bzw. Reisstärkediät wurden deshalb bei Ratten Glucosebelastungen durchgeführt und Blutzucker sowie Seruminsulin gemessen. Nach Rohrzuckerfütterung entsteht ein Hyperinsulinismus, der postprandial, besonders aber bei i.v. und peroraler Glucosegabe deutlich wird. Die Glucoseassimilation ist jedoch nur nach i.v. Belastung beschleunigt. Nach peroraler Glucosegabe besteht trotz Hyperinsulinismus ein verzögerter Schwund der Blutglucose. Dies tritt besonders deutlich bei einer Glucosebelastung des abgebundenen Duodenums hervor. Aus den vorliegenden Befunden muß eine gesteigerte insulinotrope Wirkung, eine beschleunigte Resorption aus dem Duodenum sowie ein durch Rohrzucker induzierbarer Duodenalfaktor als Ursache de gesteigerten Insulinsekretion nach Rohrzucker angenommen werden. Die verminderte Glucoseassimilation nach peroraler Belastung ist wahrscheinlich durch eine gesteigerte Glucagonsekretion bedingt.
    Notes: Summary Increase of diabetes mellitus and obesity following high caloric intake has shown to be an alarming symptom of our affluent society. Similar effects, however, can be mimicked by a dietary change from starch to sucrose-rich food without increasing caloric intake. Yet studies regarding this phenomenon have resulted in conflicting conclusions. The present experiments were therefore designed to gather more data on this subject, by applying an isocaloric starch or sucrose-rich diet in rats. Their effects on blood sugar and serum insulin should be examined in fasting and postprandial state and following I.V.G.T.T. In addition, separate parts of the upper gastro-intestinal tract were loaded with glucose. After sucrose feeding there is marked hyperinsulinemia following oral or intravenous tolerance tests. The glucose disappearance rate is only increased following I.V.G.T.T. Peroral and duodenal glucose load, however, decrease the disappearance rate. There seems to be good evidence that prolonged sucrose feeding in rats has a direct insulinotropic effect. In addition, some as yet unknown factor in the duodenal mucosa might be activated, contributing efficiently to hyperinsulinemia and possibly hyperglucagonemia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01486528
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spontaneous and stimulated secretion of QUSO-extractable immunoassayable ACTH in man (1974)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 52 (1974), S. 516-521 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: ACTH-radioimmunoassay ; Lysine-vasopressin test ; Metyrapone test ; ACTH-Radioimmunoassay ; Lysin-Vasopressin-Test ; Metopirontest
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ein in Plasma vorhandener Faktor „bindet“ ACTH und stört so das radioimmunologische System. Deswegen wurde ACTH zur radioimmunologischen Messung extrahiert. Eine einfache Methode zur Extraktion eines representativen Teils des Plasma-ACTH wird beschrieben, die die hohe Kapazität von Silicaten (QUSO-G32) nützt, freies, intaktes ACTH zu adsorbieren. Die basalen Werte des QUSO extrahierbaren, immunologisch meßbaren ACTH bei Normalpersonen um 800 lagen zwischen 0 und 120 pg/ml ( $$\bar x$$ =30,3 pg/ml). Bei den meisten Patienten mit Morbus Cushing waren die Basalwerte eindeutig erhöht. Die höchsten ACTH-Spiegel (bis 6000 pg/ml) wurden beim unbehandelten Morbus Addison gefunden. Unter den üblichen Klinikbedingungen fanden sich erhebliche Fluktuationen des ACTH-Spiegels während 24 Std bei Normalpersonen ebenso wie bei Patienten mit Morbus Cushing. Ein Gipfel während der frühen Morgenstunden wurde jedoch nicht regelmäßig beobachtet. Die Lysin-Vasopressin-Infusion (5 I.U. LVP/60 min) führte zu einem raschen Anstieg der ACTH-Konzentration, die nach der 30. min wieder abfiel, obwohl die Infusion von LVP anhielt. Der Anstieg des Plasma-ACTH nach oraler Gabe von Metopiron (750 mg alle 4 Std über 24 Std) trat mit einer Verzögerung von 12 Std nach der 1. Metopirongabe auf; erhöhte Spiegel konnten noch 12 Std nach der letzten Gabe gefunden werden. Das zeitliche Verhalten der ACTH-Spiegel nach Gabe von Metopiron zeigte erhebliche Unterschiede.
    Notes: Summary A factor is present in the plasma which “binds” ACTH thus disturbing the radioimmunologic system. Therefore, ACTH was extracted for radioimmunological measurement. A simple method is described to extract a representative part of the ACTH from plasma utilizing the high capacity of silicates (QUSO G-32) to adsorb free, intact ACTH. Basal values of QUSO-extractable, immunoassayable ACTH in normal persons at 8 a.m. amounted from 0 to 120 pg/ml ( $$\bar x$$ =30.3 pg/ml). In most patients with Cushing's disease basal values were clearly elevated. The highest ACTH levels (up to 6000 pg/ml) were found in untreated Addison's disease. Under normal clinical conditions there were marked fluctuations of the ACTH level during 24 hours in normal persons as well as in patients with Cushing's disease. However, a peak value during the early morning hours was not constantly recovered. Lysin-vasopressin infusion (5 I.U. LVP/60 min) induced a rapid increase in ACTH concentrations, which began to fall after the 30th minute while infusion of LVP continued. The rise in plasma ACTH following oral administration of metyrapone (750 mg every 4 hours during 24 hours) was delayed for about 12 hours from the first administration and elevated levels were demonstrable up to 12 hours after the last administration. There were remarkable differences in the temporal pattern of the ACTH levels after administration of metyrapone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01468721
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Buchbesprechungen (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 66 (1988), S. 1101-1102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01711929
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vivo measurement of subcutaneous glucose concentrations with an enzymatic glucose sensor and a wick method (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 67 (1989), S. 491-495 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Sc. glucose concentrations ; Implantable glucose sensor ; In vivo testing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An amperometric enzyme electrode and a wick technique were used for measurement of glucose in sc. tissue of sheep. When wicks were left implanted long enough to equilibrate with interstitial fluid, sc. glucose could have been reproducibly determined with the necessary accuracy. It was demonstrated that sc. tissue glucose concentrations in sheep are about 30% higher than in whole blood and are on the level of plasma glucose. This allows interpretation of sc. glucose sensor currents since results of in vitro-calibrations cannot be transferred to in vivo conditions. When an enzymatic sensor was implanted in the sc. compartment, the sensor signals were closely related to changes of blood glucose. These in vivo experiments indicate that short term glucose-monitoring with an subcutaneously implantable glucose sensor is feasible and so may provide a possible access to glycemic control. Further experiments will have to show, if glucose-controlled insulin infusions based on the output of a sc. glucose sensor will be able to maintain stable normoglycemia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01721675
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Untersuchungen mit125Jod-markiertem, synthetischem Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH) (1973)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 51 (1973), S. 412-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: TRH ; 125Iodine-labeling ; Disappearance-time ; organidistribution ; TRH ; 125Jod-Markierung ; Verschwinderate ; Organverteilung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In der vorliegenden Untersuchung wurde das Thyrotropin-Releasing-Hormon (TRH) mit125J markiert. Die spez. Aktivität betrug 600 mCi/mg. Die chemische Integrität wurde dünnschichtchromatographisch und die biologische Aktivität im Hypophysendepletionstest nachgewiesen. Die pharmakokinetischen Untersuchungen an Mäusen ergaben eine 50% ige Verschwinderate aus dem Blut von 2′. Die höchste Radioaktivitätsanreicherung zeigte die Hypophyse. Fast ebensogroß war die Organradioaktivität in der Niere. Die Ausscheidung erfolgt hauptsächlich über den Urin. Die übrigen Organe wie Leber, Schilddrüse und Gehirn zeigten im Vergleich zu Hypophyse und Niere einen niedrigen Radioaktivitätsgehalt.
    Notes: Summary In these investigations the Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH) was labelled with125I. The specific activity calculated was 600 mCi/mg. The chemical integrity was proved by means of thinlayer chromatography and the biological activity by the pituitary depletion test. Pharmacokinetic studies in mice showed a 50% disappearance time of 2 minutes. The highest accumulation of radioactivity was achieved in the pituitary. The radioactivity content to the kidney was nearly as high as that of the pituitary.125I-TRH was found to be excreted mainly in the urine. In the liver, thyroid gland, cerebral cortex and hypothalamus the radioactivity content was low in comparison to that of the pituitary and the kidney.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01468091
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Dynamik der Insulinsekretion bei der Hypothyreose vor und während der Substitutionstherapie (1970)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 48 (1970), S. 362-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In 8 patient with recently discovered spontaneous hypothyroidism decreased assimilation of glucose was found despite marked hyperinsulinism in the fasting state and following glucose administration. In contrast, in hypothyroidism due to thyroidectomy in both decreases in peripheral glucose assimilation and plasma insulin concentrations before and after glucose stimulation were established. The different behaviour of spontaneous and reactive insulin secretion in the two different types of myxedema remains open to discussion. In any case, treatment with thyroid hormones results in normalization of glucose utilization and insulin secretion.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei 8 Patienten mit frisch entdeckter, spontan aufgetretener unbehandelter Hypothyreose wurden Glucoseassimilation und Insulinsekretion geprüft und mit der von 200 Normalpersonen verglichen. Die Glucoseassimilation war bei den Hypothyreoten vermindert, der Seruminsulinspiegel in Ruhe und nach Belastung jedocherhöht. Dieser Befund spricht für eine Beeinträchtigung der Glucoseassimilation in der Peripherie. Patienten, bei denen die Hypothyreose nach einer Strumektomie aufgetreten ist, zeigen ebenfalls eine schlechte Glucoseassimilation, jedoch eineverminderte Insulinsekretion in Ruhe und nach Belastung. Unter Behandlung mit Schilddrüsenhormonen lassen sich Glucoseassimilation und Insulinsekretion normalisieren.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01484864
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die künstlicheβ-Zelle (1974)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 61 (1974), S. 455-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00597213
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hypophysis and function of pancreatic islets (1973)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 9 (1973), S. 135-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin secretion ; biosynthesis of proinsulin and insulin ; isolated pancreatic islets ; insulin content ; hypophysectomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Insulin secretion and biosynthesis of proinsulin and insulin were determined in isolated pancreatic islets of hypophysectomized rats. Control rats were of both same age and weight. Hypophysectomy was performed either 13 or 5 weeks prior to the investigation, the weight of the animals being either 80 or 170 g. Biosynthesis of insulin was estimated from the amounts of radioactivity incorporated into proinsulin and insulin after incubation of isolated islets at 50 or 300 mg% glucose in the presence of3H-leucine for 3 h. Islet proteins were separated on Sephadex G 50 fine. — Hypophysectomy resulted in a significant decrease of both glucose stimulated secretion and biosynthesis of insulin. It was found that this reduction was 1) more significant when compared with controls of same age 2) more marked in rats which had been hypophysectomized 13 weeks before than in rats after an interval of 5 weeks and 3) less in rats which had been hypophysectomized at a weight of 170 g than in rats in whom pituitary ablation was performed at a weight of 80 g. At basal glucose concentrations, no significant changes of both secretion and biosynthesis of insulin were apparent. The relation of radioactivity incorporated into proinsulin and insulin was unchanged under all conditions. Insulin content of the isolated islets used was found within about the same range in all rats, apart from the animals which had been hypophysectomized 13 weeks before. In islets of these rats, a reduction to 84% was observed. — Our findings may be explained by reduced sensitivity of the pancreatic B-cell to glucose and a slower rate of insulin biosynthesis after hypophysectomy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01230693
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hypophysis and function of pancreatic islets (1973)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 9 (1973), S. 140-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Hypophysectomy ; growth hormone ; corticotrophin ; insulin secretion ; biosynthesis of proinsulin and insulin ; protein synthesis ; isolated pancreatic islets ; epiphyseal cartilage of the tibia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Hypophysectomized rats were substituted with varying doses of human or porcine growth hormone (GH) as well as with ACTH for 6 or 12 days. Hypophysectomy was performed in animals of 80 or 170 g body weight either 12 or 4 weeks prior to the onset of the therapy. Increase in weight and the width of the epiphyseal cartilage were determined, insulin secretion and biosynthesis of proinsulin and insulin, were investigated in isolated pancreatic islets of the animals. — No differences were found between the effects of human and poreine GH preparations. Weight gain was similar in rats which had been hypophysectomized at a weight of 80 g either 12 or 4 weeks prior to the substitution. Secretion and biosynthesis of insulin which were both found to be reduced in isolated islets of untreated, hypophysectomized rats, were improved or normalized after substitution with GH (1 mg/kg/day) for 12 days. On the other hand, a therapy with GH for 6 days, even in tenfold daily dose (10 mg/kg), was ineffective in all rats which had been hypophysectomized at a weight of 80 g. Normalisation of lowered levels of blood sugar was the only positive effect observed after an administration of ACTH for 6 or 12 days. — It appears from our findings that, in contrast to the administration of ACTH, GH given to hypophysectomized rats for a longer period in relatively low doses may normalize both reduced secretion and biosynthesis of insulin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01230694
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of serotonin on in vitro insulin secretion and biosynthesis in mice (1974)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 10 (1974), S. 411-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin secretion ; insulin biosynthesis ; pancreatic monoamines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of serotonin on insulin secretion and biosynthesis was studied using isolated islets of mice. Serotonin produced a small stimulatory effect on insulin secretion when glucose was present in the incubation medium at a low concentration. On the other hand, an inhibition of insulin secretion was obtained with serotonin when glucose in the medium reached 3.0 mg/ml concentration. No significant effect of serotonin was obtained on insulin biosynthesis, neither in the presence of low nor with a high glucose concentration. These results suggest that the effect of this monoamine on insulin secretion is not mediated via its effect on insulin biosynthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01221630
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