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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Hypertension ; Diabetes mellitus ; Cardiac hypertrophy ; Myocardial ultrastructure ; Morphometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of combined renovascular hypertension and diabetes mellitus on the rat heart were investigated in order to detect possible synergistic effects of the two conditions. Hypertensive diabetic and hypertensive nondiabetic young male Wistar rats were compared with diabetic and nondiabetic controls. Since the normal body weight increase of the diabetic animals was markedly suppressed a weight-matched nondiabetic control group was introduced in addition. Hypertension was established for eight weeks by a surgical stenosis of the left renal artery, diabetes mellitus was maintained for four weeks after a single intraperitoneal injection of 75 mg/kg streptozotocin. Light and electron microscopic stereological parameters were obtained for the left ventricular papillary muscles. The whole hearts were also investigated histologically. Qualitative morphology failed to substantiate synergistic effects in the hypertensive diabetic rats. Vascular abnormalities were not observed. The stereological parameters, however, revealed microstructural reactions which were observed exclusively in the hypertensive diabetic group: the volume ratio of mitochondria-to-myofibrils was decreased, the surface-to-volume ratio of mitochondria was increased (reduction of mitochondrial size) and the mean cross sectional area of capillaries was decreased. Similar quantitative mitochondrial changes have been frequently described in long-standing hypertension, but in the present investigation, they were not found in the nondiabetic hypertensive group. It is therefore concluded that diabetes mellitus potentiates the effects of chronic pressure overload on myocardial cells. However, the myocardial fibrosis which has been found by other groups at later stages of hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus was not detected in the present study. The reduced mean cross sectional area of capillaries in hypertensive-diabetic rats may be correlated with early molecular changes of the myocardial interstitium or with early abnormalities of small arteries. Thus our stereological results support the hypothesis that a non-coronary hypertensive diabetic cardiomyopathy occurs in mammalian hearts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Bartter's syndrome ; Hyperprostaglandin E-syndrome ; Juxtaglomerular apparatus ; Renin-angiotensin system ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A comparative immunocytochemical and electron microscopic study was performed on renal biopsies from two children with classical Bartter's syndrome (BS) and three children with a recently described variant, the so-called hyperprostaglandin E-syndrome (HES). Compared to age-matched controls, kidney specimens from patients with BS and HES disclosed a marked hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA). In addition, in HES focal tubular and interstitial calcifications accompanied by interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy were noted. On immunocytochemistry, chronic stimulation of the JGA in BS and HES was characterized by an increase in the number of renin-positive cells, particularly in the media of afferent arterioles, but also in efferent arterioles and in the glomerular stalk. The length of the renin-positive portion of the preglomerular arterioles was significantly increased when compared to controls (100±32 vs. 49±17 µm;p〈0.001). In addition, the immunoreactivity of individual renin-positive cells was markedly enhanced. On electron microscopy, “hypertrophy” of the RER and of Golgi complexes with paracrystalline deposits in dilated RER cisterns and protogranules indicated an increased renin synthesis. Renin could be identified in mature secretory granules as well as protogranules by immune electron microscopy. Angiotensinogen was present in hypertrophied epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule. Converting-enzyme reactivity was observed in controls as well as in BS and HES in the brush border of the proximal tubule. In contrast to previous reports, Angiotensin II was completely negative in control as well as in diseased kidneys. We conclude from our results that both BS and HES are characterized by a marked activation of the JGA and severe stimulation of the renin-angiotensin system. Since activation of this system, however, leads - independently of the primary stimulus - to qualitatively very similar morphological reactions, these results do not implicate a common pathogenetic mechanism to both conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 415 (1989), S. 317-321 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Gastric stromal tumours ; Myogenic tumours ; Nucleolar organizer regions ; Gastric leiomyosarcoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Silver staining of nucleolar organizer regions (AgNOR) was studied in 26 primary benign and malignant gastric stromal tumours of myogenic origin. The absolute number of AgNOR per nucleus and the size of AgNOR were compared with histomorphologic features of the tumours. The total number of AgNOR per nucleus in epithelioid and spindle cell leiomyosarcomas significantly (p〈0.001) exceeded that in leiomyomas, cellular leiomyomas and epithelioid leiomyoblastomas. The mean number or the size of AgNOR did not correlate with the number of mitoses or the tumour size. In addition, large and bizarre AgNOR were seen predominantly in histologically malignant tumours. Only one exceptional epithelioid leiomyoblastoma recurred despite a lack of conventional characteristics of malignancy and a low AgNOR count. Therefore, quantitative determination of the number of AgNOR is a new independent variable in myogenic gastric tumours. It provides additional information for the histopathological evaluation of this heterogenous group of mesenchymal tumours.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 408 (1985), S. 15-27 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Human kidney ; Renal cell carcinoma ; Intermediate-sized filaments ; Co-expression ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The expression of intermediate-sized filaments (IF) was examined by immunocytochemical methods in 40 primary renal cell carcinomas and compared with the IF distribution in the normal adult human kidney. All tumours stained positively with cytokeratin IF antibodies. Co-expression of cytokeratins and vimentin was observed in 21/40 (52,5%) renal carcinomas. Double immunofluorescence labelling demonstrated that in most of these cases tumour cells contained both cytokeratin and vimentin type IF. In normal human kidneys, cells of the various tubular segments disclosed a positive reaction with cytokeratin antibodies in a different intensity and intracellular localization. Co-expression of cytokeratin and vimentin IF in normal adult human kidneys has never been observed. From a histogenetic point of view, co-expression of cytokeratins and vimentin in renal cell carcinoma obviously represents an atavistic phenomenon since vimentin is re-expressed by these tumour cells during neoplastic transformation. This finding indicates the metanephric origin of the renal parenchyma. In surgical pathology the possibility of very rare co-expression of cytokeratin and vimentin IF within tumour cells should be considered, particularly in the differential diagnosis of clear cell carcinomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Diabetes ; streptozotocin ; hypertension ; type IV collagen ; 7S collagen ; basement membrane metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The serum concentration of 7S collagen was measured radioimmunologically as a marker of basement membrane type IV collagen synthesis in diabetic and nondiabetic rats with Goldblatt hypertension. In non-diabetic rats the 7S collagen level was significantly raised after induction of hypertension (51%; p〈0.001), and showed a positive correlation with relative heart weight as an integral parameter of hypertension (r= 0.63; p〈0.01). In diabetic rats, which displayed a 7S collagen concentration roughly 2.5 times as high as the metabolically normal animals, the 7S collagen level was 27% higher in the hypertensive animals (p〈0.01). There was no correlation with blood pressure or heart weight, but only a positive correlation with blood glucose (r=0.51; p〈0.05). The results indicate that haemodynamic alterations may alter basement membrane collagen metabolism. However, type IV collagen metabolism in diabetes is influenced to a greater extent by metabolic than by haemodynamic factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 145 (1986), S. 565-568 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Pyelonephritis ; xanthogranulomatous ; Amyloidosis ; Chronic renal failure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Unilateral nephrectomy in an 8-year-old male with chronic renal failure and urosepsis revealed a combined histologic lesion of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis and amyloidosis. Amyloid deposits were found also in the rectum and liver. On clinical grounds xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis was also suspected in the remaining kidney. Common causes of systemic amyloidosis were excluded. After operation the signs of amyloidosis diminished, probably due to removal of the infected kidney, but renal function deteriorated rapidly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Glomerulonephritis, antiglomerular basement membrane antibody-mediated ; Renal failure ; Hydrocarbons ; Sniffing ; Plasmapheresis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 16-year-old girl developed rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and renal failure. The disease was associated with high titres of antiglomerular basement membrane antibodies in serum, linear deposits of immunoglobulin G and diffuse epithelial crescents on renal biopsy. Past history revealed heavy smoking and deliberate sniffing of Pattex glue, a mixture of hydrocarbons which possibly may affect the structure of glomerular basement membrane. After treatment by repeated plasmapheresis and drug immunosuppression autoantibodies disappeared from serum but renal function was not influenced. Renal damage is a potential hazard for glue sniffing adolescents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 86 (1987), S. 249-253 
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Comparative immunocytochemical experiments with antisera directed against renin and three synthetical peptides (Pro 1, Pro 2 A and Pro 3) covering almost the entire span of human renin prosegment were performed on human kidney tissue. With anti-Pro 1, i.e. the antiserum which recognizes the NH2 terminus of human prorenin, no clear immunolabeling of juxtaglomerular epithelioid cell secretory granules could be obtained. It is therefore concluded that the corresponding portion of human prorenin may be cleaved off in the Golgi complex. After application of anti-Pro 3, the antiserum which recognizes the COOH terminus of the prosegment, only the juvenile secretory granules of epithelioid cells were consistently labeled, whereas, in contrast, some of the intermediate and most of the mature secretory granules were anti-Pro 3-negative. As the immunoreactivity of mature renin increased remarkably from protogranules to mature secretory granules, it is suggested that the cleavage of the COOH terminus of the prosegment, i.e. the activation of renin, takes place in juvenile and intermediate granules during condensation of the enzyme. The immunoreactivity of Pro 2A, corresponding to the middle portion of the prosegment, disappeared in a some-what earlier stage of granulopoiesis than that of Pro 3. It is therefore concluded that the corresponding segmental cleavage, the result of which is a truncated version of intact prorenin, occurs in the protogranules of epithelioid cells. The data presented are consistent with the assumption that the secretion of active renin takes place by the exocytosis of mature secretory granules, while the secretion of inactive renin, which is a truncated version of intact prorenin, is mediated by the exocytosis of juvenile and intermediate granules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 71 (1985), S. 267-269 
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case of a 24-year-old pregnant woman on dialysis who asked for genetic counseling is reported. Differentiation between nonheritable acquired cystic kidneys and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease without noninvasive diagnostic procedures was nearly impossible in the reported woman. The communication underlines the problem and gives diagnostic criteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 63 (1985), S. 978-987 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Glomerulonephritis ; Extramembraneous glomerulonephritis ; Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis ; Lupus erythematosus ; Steroids ; Antiplatelet agents ; Glomerulonephritis ; Extramembranöse Glomerulonephritis ; Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis ; Lupus erythematodes ; Steroide ; Plättchenhemmer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Thema der therapeutischen Beeinflussung der entzündlichen Pathomechanismen bei chronisch-idiopathischer Glomerulonephritis bedarf einiger kritischer Anmerkungen. Eine ätiologische Behandlung ist nur in Ausnahmefällen möglich (infektiöse Tropenkrankheiten, infizierter ventrikuloatrialer Shunt etc.). Einer erfolgreichen Beeinflussung der Pathomechanismen, welche die glomeruläre Entzündung auslösen und unterhalten, steht unsere Unkenntnis über die im einzelnen verantwortlichen Schritte entgegen. Neuere Untersuchungen legen Schlüsselrollen für die terminale Komponente des Komplementsystems, Produkte des Lipoxygenaseabbauweges der Arachidonsäure sowie Sauerstoffradikale nahe, welche therapeutisch nicht oder nur beschränkt beeinflußbar sind. Ferner beruht die Progredienz glomerulärer Entzündungen in die Niereninsuffizienz in der Regel auf fortschreitender Sklerosierung von Glomerulus, Gefäßen und Interstitium und nicht auf zunehmenden aktiv entzündlichen glomerulären Läsionen. Beispielhaft wurden bei der Sichtung der veröffentlichten kontrollierten Therapiestudien die Untersuchungen bei extramembranöser und membranoproliferativer Glomerulonephritis herausgegriffen. Hierbei wurde eine im Ausmaß nur beschränkte, und nicht in allen Studien gesicherte, Beeinflussung der Nierenfunktion gefunden, der andererseits erhebliche Nebenwirkungen gegenüberstehen. Eine abschließende Wertung kommt zu dem Urteil, daß eine medikamentöse Beeinflussung der entzündlichen Pathomechanismen fragwürdig ist, daß jedoch ein therapeutischer Nihilismus nicht angezeigt ist angesichts der Beeinflußbarkeit unspezifischer Schädigungsmechanismen (antihypertensive Behandlung, diätetische Intervention).
    Notes: Summary It is controversial whether the pathomechanisms involved in chronic idiopathic glomerulonephritis are susceptible to therapeutic intervention. Etiological therapy, i.e. elimintion of the responsible antigen, is possible only in exceptional cases, e.g. tropical diseases, infected ventriculoatrial shunt etc. Antiinflammatory therapy directed against pathomechanisms initiating or maintaining glomerular inflammation has an uncertain theoretical foundation because of lack of knowledge relating to the exact steps mediating tissue injury. Recent studies suggest keyroles for terminal components of complement system, products of lipoxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid and oxygen radicals — all of which are not readily influenced by available therapeutic modulaties. Finally, progression of glomerular inflammation to renal failure is usually not the cause of cumulative acute inflammatory glomerular lesions but rather the consequence of progressive sclerosis of glomeruli, arterioles and interstitium. As examples of controlled intervention trials, studies on extramembranous and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis are discussed. The studies show limited and not always statistically significant influence on renal function, however, at the expense of considerable side effects. It is concluded that it is highly questionable whether inflammatory pathomechanisms are influenced by currently available drugs. However, therapeutic nihilism is not appropriate given modalities to influence mechanisms of nonspecific damage, e.g. by antihypertensive medication or dietary intervention.
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