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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of acute administration of cyclazocine on the metabolism of biogenic amines in different regions of rat brain (1981)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 75 (1981), S. 79-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Cyclazocine ; Acute treatment ; Dopamine ; Noradrenaline ; Serotonin ; Monoamine metabolites ; Brain regional assay ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of cyclazocine on the metabolism of dopamine (DA), noradrenaline (NA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in regions of rat brain were studied by measuring changes in the levels of the monoamines and their major metabolites. Doses ranging from 4–32 mg/kg were tested. Rats were sacrificed 1 or 2 h after administration of the drug, according to the experiment. Administration of cyclazocine significantly decreased DA concentration and increased the levels of DOPAC and HVA in striatum. Cyclazocine decreased the levels of NA, and markedly increased the levels of MHPG-SO4 and 5-HIAA in cortex, hypothalamus, midbrain and pons-medulla, while little change in 5-HT concentration, except a decrease after the highest dose, was observed. These changes in the metabolism of the monoamines differed in their amplitude and temporal nature. The possible roles of dopaminergic, noradrenergic and serotoninergic neurons in different brain regions are discussed in relation to modifications of locomotor activity and the induction of bizarre behavior resulting from cyclazocine administration in rats. These investigations may add to the understanding of the mechanism of psychotomimetic effects produced in man by this drug.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00433507
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The perineuronal net in the fastigial nucleus of the rat cerebellum (1984)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 170 (1984), S. 79-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Perineuronal net ; Astrocytes ; Fastigial nucleus ; Cerebellum ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The morphological study of the rat fastigial nucleus with the Golgi-Rio Hortega method showed the presence of glial perineuronal nets surrounding the large neurons, but not the small ones. This perineuronal net appeared as a mesh of tenuous glial processes which covers the neuronal perikarya and proximal dendrites. The small alveolate compartments in this mesh seem to correspond to the holes for the synaptic boutons. Our results also indicate that the perineuronal net is derived from interneuronal protoplasmic and velate astrocytes. Using camera lucida drawings of this perineuronal net we have made a quantitative estimation of the size and density of synaptic boutons on these large neurons. The average numerical density of synaptic boutons was about 19 per 100 μm2 of the neuronal surface, the mean area of the synaptic holes being 2.5 μm2. Furthermore, the quantitative data evidence that about 52.5% of the neuronal surface is presumably occupied by synaptic boutons whereas the remaining 47.5% is covered by the glial processes of the perineuronal net. Semithin sections prepared from thick Golgi sections were used for the cytological study of the neurons surrounded by this glial pericellular network. The possible functional significance of the perineuronal net in the regulation of synaptic transmission in the fastigial cerebellar nucleus is briefly discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319461
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Guanfacine and clonidine: antihypertensive and withdrawal characteristics after continuous infusion and its interruption in the spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rat (1982)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 319 (1982), S. 82-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Guanfacine ; Clonidine ; Continuous infusion ; Withdrawal ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In conscious unrestrained spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats, prepared with permanently indwelling abdominal aortic catheters, the effects on blood pressure and heart rate of a 12-day continuous subcutaneous infusion of guanfacine (10 mg/kg/day) and clonidine (500 μg/kg/day) and sudden interruption of these treatments were studied. Both drugs significantly and consistently reduced the mean arterial pressure and heart rate throughout the infusion period in the SH rats, but not in the normotensive animals. The magnitude of the effects of both drugs in the SH rat were similar. Following withdrawal of treatment with guanfacine, a discontinuation syndrome was evoked, much less severe than that observed after suspension of the infusion with clonidine. The withdrawal syndromes were characterized by an overshoot of heart rate and a period of blood pressure lability. In spite of the ineffectiveness of guanfacine and clonidine to reduce blood pressure and heart rate consistently in the normotensive rat, similar withdrawal patterns as those found in the SH rat were observed. These findings are in general agreement with the results previously found in clinical studies in hypertensive patients. The spontaneously hypertensive rat may prove a suitable animal model for pre-clinical studies of discontinuation symptoms after cessation of treatment with antihypertensive drugs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00491483
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increase of δ-Aminolevulinic Acid Dehydratase (ALAD) in rat erythrocytes in lead poisoning (1983)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 52 (1983), S. 1-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Lead poisoning ; Erythrocytes ; δ-Aminolevulinic acid dehydratase(ALAD) ; Rat ; Porphyrins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The well known fact that the activity of δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD: EC 4.2.1.24) is reduced in red cells of animals with lead poisoning was found to be upset, by using a modified method of Gibson's original procedure, for determination of activated ALAD activity. The modified method involves addition of 0.2 mM Zn2+ and then preheating the enzyme solution at 60° C for 5 min before following Gibson's original procedure. With this methodological modification, the ALAD activity of erythrocytes of rats poisoned with lead was found increased. Furthermore, the enzyme was purified from the peripheral blood of lead-poisoned rats. ALAD protein in peripheral blood was also determined by single radial immuno diffusion using rabbit anti-serum raised against rat liver ALAD. As the result, the ALAD activity obtained from the modified method was found to be directly proportional to the absolute amount of enzyme proteins determined both by chemically and immunochemically. The modified method for measuring true ALAD content in blood cells in lead poisoning is more reliable than previous ones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00317977
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cerebellar intranuclear inclusions in chronically alcoholized rats (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 216 (1981), S. 227-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Cerebellum ; Nuclear inclusions ; Alcohol ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Nuclear rods and sheets are described in neurons from the cerebellar cortex of rats alcoholized through ingestion of a 20 % aqueous ethanol solution over a period of 90 and 180 days. An eventual relationship between these nuclear inclusions and alcoholization is advanced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234558
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Early postnatal chlordiazepoxide administration: Permanent behavioural effects in the mature rat and possible involvement of the GABA-benzodiazepine system (1983)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 81 (1983), S. 261-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Chlordiazepoxide ; Postnatal treatment ; Long term behavioural and biochemical effects ; GABA-benzodiazepine receptors ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The long term behavioural and biochemical effects of chronic chlordiazepoxide treatment during the period of neuronal maturation in the rat have been investigated. The administration to lactating mothers of chlordiazepoxide at very low doses (0.22 and 2.6 mg/kg) in their drinking water affects both behavioural and biochemical parameters in offspring at 60 days of age and undrugged since weaning. A deficit in the acquisition of the conditioned avoidance response in treated rats was observed, although no significant difference in spontaneous locomotor activity between control and treated rats was found. 3H-Flunitrazepam binding sites in cerebral cortex and hippocampus were decreased by the treatment, whereas no change was detected in cerebellum. Moreover, 3H-muscimol binding sites increased in hippocampus with no changes in cerebral cortex and cerebellum. According to the different regional distribution of benzodiazepine type 1 and type 2 receptors, we suggest that type 2 receptors are selectively affected by the treatment, and that the GABA ergic receptor system is also permanently altered by administration of chlordiazepoxide during early postnatal life.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427275
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of irradiation on the submandibular gland of the rat (1981)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 391 (1981), S. 291-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Submandibular gland ; Rat ; Irradiation ; Enzyme histochemical study ; Ultrastructural study
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Single-dose cervical irradiation by cobalt 60 in rats induced lasting functional disturbances of the submandibular gland which were excessive when compaired with the relative integrity of the gland as seen under the light microscope. Enzyme histochemical and ultrastructural studies revealed severe damage shortly after exposure with appearance of karyolytic bodies and autophagosomes accompanied by increased hydrolase activity. Mitochondrial alterations were concomitant with diminished ductal oxidative enzyme activity. Although most of these alterations resolved rapidly as a result of acinar and ductal cell repair and regeneration originating in the intercalated ducts, secretory abnormalities were still observed two months after exposure as evidenced by the accumulation of granules in acinar cells and the heterogeneity of ductal cell granules. These anomalies, comparable to those observed in sialadenoses, probably result from persistent alterations of intralobular nerve endings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00709161
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of chronic nicotine administration on the response and adaptation to stress (1982)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 76 (1982), S. 160-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Nicotine ; Withdrawal ; Plasma corticosterone ; Stress ; Adaptation ; 5-Hydroxytryptamine ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of chronic nicotine administration (0.4 mg/kg for 40 days) and its withdrawal on the adrenocortical response to acute and repeated exposure to stress have been examined and related to changes in brain 5-hydroxyindole levels. No significant effects on the response to acute stress were observed. Repeated exposure to the stressful procedure resulted in complete adaptation of the adrenocortical response and the development of a significant (P〈0.01) positive correlation between the plasma corticosterone and hippocampal 5-HT concentrations. In nicotine-treated rats, complete adaptation did not occur and the plasma corticosterone showed a significant (P〈0.05) negative correlation with hippocampal 5-HT. Nicotine withdrawal was not associated with any reduction in plasma corticosterone, but did abolish its relationship with hippocampal 5-HT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00435271
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    6-Hydroxydopamine lesion of the dopamine mesocorticolimbic cell bodies increases (+)-amphetamine self-administration (1984)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 83 (1984), S. 281-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: (+)-Amphetamine ; Self-administration ; Dopaminergic neurons ; Acquisition ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of 6-OHDA lesions of the dopaminergic mesocorticolimbic cell bodies on intravenous (+)-amphetamine self-administration in the rat was assessed. An acquisition paradigm was used in which the rat had to discriminate between an active and an inactive lever. Each press on the active lever delivered 7.5 μg/kg (+)-amphetamine. The lesioned animals acquired this discrimination faster and hence self-administered a larger amount of drug. Thus dysfunction of dopaminergic neurons can induce an enhanced vulnerability to drugs which may be abused by humans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00464795
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential effects of continuous administration for 1 year of haloperidol or sulpiride on striatal dopamine function in the rat (1984)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 84 (1984), S. 503-511 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Haloperidol ; Sulpiride ; Striatum ; Supersensitivity ; Dopamine receptors ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Administration of haloperidol (1.4–1.6 mg/kg/day) for up to 12 months or sulpiride (102–109 mg/kg/day) for between 6 and 12 months increased the frequency of purposeless chewing jaw movements in rats. N,n-propylnorapomorphine (NPA) (0.25–2.0 mg/kg SC) did not induce hypoactivity in haloperidol-treated rats at any time; sulpiride treatment for 9 and 12 months caused a reduction in the ability of NPA to induce hypoactivity. Haloperidol, but not sulpiride, treatment enduringly inhibited low dose apomorphine effects (0.125 mg/kg SC). After 12 months, sterotypy induced by high doses of apomorphine (0.5–1.0 mg/kg) was exaggerated in haloperidol-, but not sulpiride-treated rats. Bmax for specific striatal 3H-spiperone binding was increased by haloperidol, but not sulpiride, treatment throughout the study. Bmax for 3H-NPA binding was elevated only after 12 months of both haloperidol and sulpiride treatment. Bmax for 3H-piflutixol binding was not alfered by chronic haloperidol or sulpiride treatment. Striatal dopamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity was inhibited for the 1st month of haloperidol treatment, thereafter returning to control levels; dopamine stimulation was increased after 12 months of sulpiride treatment. Striatal acetylcholine content was increased after 3 and 12 months of treatment with haloperidol, but was not affected by sulpiride. Chronic administration of sulpiride does not induce identical changes in striatal dopamine function to those caused by haloperidol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00431457
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