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  • Antithrombin III  (2)
  • Fictive locomotion  (2)
  • ACTH  (1)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Fictive locomotion ; Cutaneous reflex pathways ; Flexor digitorum longus muscle ; Motoneurons ; Interneurons ; Reflex modulation ; Spinal cord
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We examined modulation of transmission of short-latency excitation produced by distal hindlimb cutaneous input, as well as fluctuations in motoneuron membrane potential and input resistance, in flexor digitorum longus (FDL) motoneurons during fictive locomotion. Fictive stepping was induced in unaesthetized, decerebrate cats either by repetitive stimulation of the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) or by administration of Nialamide and 1 DOPA after low spinal section. In the MLR preparations, brief depolarizing waves occurred in FDL cells during the early flexion phase of fictive stepping, immediately after cessation of activity in extensor muscles. In some FDL cells, plateau-like depolarizations also occurred during the extensor phase. Fictive stepping induced in acutely spinalized cats by administration of l-DOPA was slower and more variable; peak polarization in FDL motoneurons always occurred during the early flexion phase but there was usually no distinct depolarization during extension. In both types of preparation, the initial EPSP components in synaptic potentials (SP-EPSPs) produced by electrical stimulation of the cutaneous division of the superficial peroneal nerve (SP) were maximally facilitated during early flexion, coincident with the peak of background depolarization. This enhancement was manifested by an increase in the amplitude of initial SP-EPSP components or by decreased central latency of the initial EPSP components, or both. In most FDL motoneurons, input resistance decreased systematically during late flexion, coincident with relative membrane hyperpolarization. Correction of SP-EPSP amplitudes for changes in input resistance suggested that SP-EPSP facilitation persisted throughout the flexion phase These findings are discussed with reference to modulation of cutaneous reflexes during locomotion and the possibility that excitatory last-order interneurons in particular cutaneous reflex pathways may distribute excitatory drive from the central pattern generator for locomotion to FDL α-motoneurons
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cutaneous EPSPs ; Fictive locomotion ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We examined modulation of transmission in short-latency, distal hindlimb cutaneous reflex pathways during fictive locomotion in 19 decerebrate cats. Fictive stepping was produced either by electrical stimulation of the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) or by administration of Nialamide and 1-DOPA to acutely spinalized animals. Postsynaptic potentials (PSPs) produced by electrical stimulation of low threshold afferents (〈 2.5 times threshold) in the superficial peroneal (SP), sural, saphenous or medial plantar nerves were recorded intracellularly from various extensor (n = 28) and flexor (n = 24) motoneurons and averaged throughout the step cycle, together with voltage responses to intrasomatic constant current pulses (in order to monitor relative cell input resistance). Each motoneuron studied displayed rhythmic background oscillations in membrane potential and correlated variations in input resistance. The average input resistance of extensor motoneurons was lowest during mid-flexion, when the cells were relatively hyperpolarized and silent. Conversely, average input resistance of flexor motoneurons was highest during mid-flexion, when they were depolarized and active. The amplitude of the minimum-latency excitatory components of PSPs produced by cutaneous nerve stimulation were measured from computer averaged records representing six subdivisions of the fictive step cycle. Oligosynaptic EPSP components were consistently modulated only in the superficial peroneal responses in flexor motoneurons, which exhibited enhanced amplitude during the flexion phase. With the other skin nerves tested (sural, saphenous, and plantar), no consistent patterns of modulation were observed during fictive locomotion. We conclude that transmission through some, but not all, oligosynaptic excitatory cutaneous pathways is enhanced by premotoneuronal mechanisms during the flexion phase of fictive stepping in several cat hindlimb motor nuclei. The present results suggest that the patterns of interaction between the locomotor central pattern generator and excitatory cutaneous reflex pathways depend on the source of afferent input and on the identity of the target motoneuron population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Ipsapirone ; CRF ; ACTH ; cortisol ; time series analysis ; hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The neuroendocrine effects (changes in plasma CRF, ACTH and cortisol) of single and multiple (t.d.s. for 2 days) doses of ipsapirone (BAY Q 7821) 5 and 10 mg have been investigated in 6 healthy male volunteers. The study followed a balanced complete block, placebo-controlled and double blind design with two baseline phases (pre and post-treatment). Volunteers were investigated on identical days during 5 successive weeks. The results do not show a specific effect of ipsapirone on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis when doses in the range of 5–30 mg per day were given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 145 (1986), S. 500-503 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Antithrombin III ; Albumin ; Shock
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Low antithrombin III (AT III) levels in shock are usually ascribed to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). However, decreased activities of clotting factors and their inhibitors could reflect a generalised fall in plasma proteins rather than DIC. AT III and albumin were compared in 48 asphyxiated and non-asphyxiated newborn rabbits (pH6.70–7.30). Both AT III and albumin were markedly decreased in the sickest animals and there was a direct linear relationship between the two proteins (P〈0.001). Similar results were obtained in ten newborn infants suffering from shock and haemorrhagic diathesis. In all cases AT III and albumin were decreased below the normal range and significantly correlated (P〈0.01). Our findings suggest that AT III is not a useful diagnostic marker of DIC. Further, a similar fall of clottable and non-clottable proteins in shock questions the general assumption that the ensuing coagulopathy is due to intravascular coagulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 59 (1981), S. 1349-1351 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Antithrombin III ; Plasma elimination Half-life ; Consumption coagulopathy ; Antithrombin III ; Plasma-Eliminations-Halbwertszeit ; Verbrauchskoagulopathie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Im Verlauf einer schweren Gerinnungsstörung bei einem Säugling mit Sepsis und Schock wurden vor und während der Substitutionsbehandlung mit humanem Antithrombin wiederholt die Antithrombin-III Spiegel gemessen. Diese Daten wurden mit Hilfe einer Biexponentialfunktion mathematisch ausgewertet. Die Plasma-Eliminations-Halbwertszeit des Antithrombins betrug 7,5 bzw. 10,5 Stunden. Verglichen mit bekannten Plasma-Halbwertszeiten von radioaktiv markiertem Antithrombin III bei Erwachsenen war die Elimination um den Faktor 5–10 beschleunigt. Die deutlich erniedrigten Antithrombin III Spiegel in diesem Fall konnten also mindestens teilweise auf einen beschleunigten Umsatz des Antithrombins zurückgeführt werden. Die Bestimmung der Plasma-Eliminations-Halbwertszeit von Antithrombin III ist hilfreich bei der Abgenzung einer verminderten Produktion von einem gesteigerten Umsatz im Verlauf einer Koagulopathie. Die Diagnose einer disseminierten intravasalen Gerinnung kann so etwas sicherer gestellt werden. Die Vorteile der Antithrombin- Substitutionstherapie werden bei diesem Vorgehen genützt, die Nachteile radioaktiv markierter Proteine vermieden.
    Notes: Summary During the course of severe coagulopathy in an infant suffering from septicaemia and shock, antithrombin III levels were determined repeatedly before and during substitution therapy with human antithrombin. By mathematical analysis of these data, using a biexponential function, the plasma elimination half-life of the antithrombin III was estimated to be 7.5–10.5 h. Compared with known plasma half-lives of radioactively labelled antithrombin III in adults the increase was five-to ten-fold. This indicates that the significantly decreased levels of antithrombin III in this case of coagulopathy were at least partly due to an accelerated consumption of antithrombin III. The estimation of the plasma elimination half-life of antithrombin III helps to differentiate decreased production from increased consumption in cases of severe coagulopathy. Thus, a more precise diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation can be made whilst taking advantage of substitution therapy and avoiding the hazards of radioactive tracer proteins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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