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  • Epidermal growth factor  (2)
  • Immunglobuline  (2)
  • Adrenal insufficiency  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 71 (1993), S. 924-927 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Adrenal insufficiency ; Basal ganglia calcifications ; Hypoparathyroidism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome is characterized by a failure of multiple endocrine organs and the presence of circulating organ-specific autoantibodies targeted against the failing organs. Here we describe a patient with autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type I with the endocrine manifestations of hypoparathyroidism, adrenocortical insufficiency, and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Long-standing hypoparathyroidism led to extensive calcification of the basal ganglia which resulted in the clinical presentation of an extrapyramidal movement disorder (choreoathetotic and hemiballistic hyperkinesia of the left extremities). Interestingly, parallel to rehydration and the initiation of cortisol replacement therapy a complete reversion of the hyperkinetic signs was achieved. This case shows a rare multiendocrine organ failure with complex metabolic interactions resulting in marked neurological signs. Furthermore, this case demonstrates for the first time that a hyperkinetic syndrome - most likely due to hypoparathyroidism-induced basal ganglia calcification - can be reversed solely by adequate treatment of the concomitant endocrine failures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Epidermal growth factor ; EGF ; Transforming growth factor ; EGF-receptor ; Carcinogenesis ; Colon ; Rectum ; Colonic adenoma ; Colonic carcinoma ; Familial polyposis coli
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The epidermal growth factor (EGF) and alpha-tumor growth factor are mitogenic proteins which bind to the EGF-receptor and may play a role in carcinogenesis or tumor progression. Our study investigated whether colorectal carcinomas and adenomas express altered levels of EGF-receptors or overproduce EGF-like activity by comparing histologically normal mucosa to carcinomas resected from the same patients. EGF-receptors were characterized by radioligand binding studies. Carcinomas contained unchanged or decreased levels of EGF-receptors in 13/16 and moderately increased levels in 3/16 patients as compared to normal mucosa. Adenomas obtained from 2 patients with familial polyposis coli and from a third patient with a coincident carcinoma had similar numbers of EGF-receptors as normal mucosa. EGF-like growth factors, in contrast, were significantly elevated in carcinoma extracts as compared to extracts from normal mucosa of the same patients. Adenomas did not contain elevated levels of EGF-like activity. We conclude that increased expression of EGF-receptors is infrequent in colonic adenocarcinomas. Increased production of EGF-like growth factors may frequently occur but seems to be associated with tumor progression rather than with premalignant lesions as represented by adenomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Epidermal growth factor ; Transforming growth factor-α ; Epidermal growth factor receptor ; Growth factors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α) are polypeptides which bind to the EGF receptor (EGFr) and may play a role in cell growth and carcinogenesis. Our study investigated the content of EGF, TGF-α, and EGFr in tumors of the stomach and the colon in comparison with the sourrounding mucosa. EGF was detected in half of the stomach specimens with concentrations between 1 and 9 ng/g weight irrespective of histology. In the colon no EGF was found in the tumor or normal mucosa. In the stomach normal mucosa contained higher TGF-α concentrations (mean 22.4 ng/g) than the tumors (mean 11.8 ng/g), but the difference was not statistically significant because of a wide variation in mucosal values. By contrast, the colon mucosa displayed significantly higher TGF-α concentrations than the tumor tissues (33 ng/g versus 12 ng/g; P 〈 0.01). EGFr content in the gastric mucosa was lower compared to gastric carcinoma (48 fmol/g versus 75 fmol/g) yet not significantly different. In contrast, colorectal tumor specimens disclosed significantly higher concentrations than the mucosal tissues (mean of 155 fmol/g versus 80 fmol/g; P 〈 0.01). In conclusion, TGF-α should not be considered a tumorigenic but a physiological growth factor in the stomach and colon. An elevated EGFr content in colorectal tumors in comparison with the normal mucosa could lead to a growth advantage by an autostimulating mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 51 (1973), S. 494-505 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Serum proteins ; Immunoglobulins ; Transplantation ; Anti lymphocytic globulin ; Nephropathy ; Serumproteine ; Immunglobuline ; Transplantation ; Antilymphocytenglobulin ; Nierenkrankheiten
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Konzentrationen der Serumproteine IgA, IgG, IgM, α2-Haptoglobin, β1A-Globulin, Coeruloplasmin, Transferrin und Albumin wurden bei 39 azotämischen Patienten bestimmt bzw. ihre Veränderungen nach Nierentransplantation bei 17 Patienten ermittelt. Alle 280 Seren wurden weiterhin elektrophoretisch und immunelektrophoretisch untersucht. Zusammenfassend kommen wir zu folgenden Ergebnissen: 1 Bei chronisch-urämischen Patienten sind Albumin, β1A-Globulin, Transferrin, α2-Makroglobulin und das Gesamteiweiß gegenüber der Norm signifikant erniedrigt. Die Immunglobuline IgG und IgM sind bei Patienten mit chronischer Glomerulonephritis niedriger als bei Patienten mit andersartigen Nephropathien. Bezüglich der untersuchten Serumproteine bestehen zwischen nephrektomierten und nichtnephrektomierten Patienten keine wesentlichen Unterschiede. 2 Die Serumproteine einschließlich der Immunglobuline zeigen nach Transplantation im Verlauf beträchtliche Veränderungen. Die Konzentrationsabnahme der Immunglobuline vom Ausgangswert — insbesondere der IgG-Klasse — erreicht innerhalb des 1. Monats einen gegenüber der Norm signifikant erniedrigten Wert. Hierin ist vielleicht eine teilweise Erklärung für die klinisch bekannte Infektanfälligkeit zu sehen. Bei komplikationslosem Verlauf lassen alle Serumproteine ab dem 2. Monat eine Normalisierungstendenz erkennen, wobei insbesondere die Konzentrationszunahme von Transferrin und IgM auffällig ist. 3 ALG hat keinen Einfluß auf die aktuelle Immunoglobulinkonzentration. 4 Bei 27% der Patienten wurden nach ALG-Therapie Antikörper nachgewiesen. Diese sind vom IgG-Charakter und hauptsächlich gegen Verunreinigungen der ALG-Präparation gerichtet, nur selten gegen IgG. Bei Verwendung von reinem Antilymphocyten-IgG wird man somit eine Verringerung der allergischen Erscheinungen erwarten können. 5 Während akuter Abstoßungskrisen kommt es bei allen Patienten ohne Ausnahme zu einem deutlichen bis starken Abfall des IgM-Spiegels. Die Verlaufsbeobachtung der IgM-Konzentration nach Nierentransplantation stellt einen brauchbaren Parameter für die Erkennung der Abstoßungskrise dar.
    Notes: Summary The concentrations of the serum proteins IgA, IgG, IgM, α2-haptoglobin, β1A-globulin, coeruloplasmin, transferrin and albumin were evaluated in 39 azotaemic patients; the modifications in concentration were also assessed in 17 patients after kidney transplantation. All 280 sera were subjected to electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis. The following results were obtained: 1 In chronic uraemic patients, the levels of albumin, β1A-globulin, transferrin, α2-macroglobulin and total protein show a marked decrease compared to the normal range. The IgG- and IgM-concentrations are lower in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis than in other nephropathies. The protein levels measured in nephrectomised and non-nephrectomised patients did not differ considerably. 2 Following transplantation considerable changes are observed in serum proteins, including immunoglobulins. In relation to the first value, the immunoglobulin concentration—especially IgG—decreases significantly within the first month. This could be a possible explanation for the clinically known susceptibility for infections. If no complications occur, all serum proteins return to normal values after the second month, whereas the transferrin and IgM-concentrations unexpectedly show a marked increase. 3 Anti-lymphocytic globulin (ALG) exerts no influence on the actual immunoglobulin concentration. 4 27% of the patients developed antibodies after ALG-treatment. These antibodies of IgG-type react mainly against impurities in the ALG preparation, but rarely against equine IgG. By using pure anti-lymphocytic IgG one could expect minor allergic tendencies. 5 All patients show a marked to strong decrease in the IgM level during acute rejection crisis. Thus, the changes in IgM concentration after kidney transplantations appear to be a useful parameter in the early evaluation of rejection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 52 (1974), S. 1-17 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Reagins ; Immediate hypersensitivity ; Immunoglobulins ; Reagine ; Überempfindlichkeit vom Soforttyp ; Immunglobuline
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Immunglobulin E ist ein hitzelabiles Glykoproteid und besteht aus 2 klassenspezifischen schweren (ε) und 2 leichten Polypeptidketten. Als biologische Eigenschaft besitzt es die Fähigkeit zur Gewebsfixierung und-sensibilisierung bei Mensch (Prausnitz-Küstner-Reaktion) und Tier (passive kutane Anaphylaxie). Nach Bindung von IgE mit dem Fc-Stück an Gewebsmastzellen oder basophile Granulocyten kommt es bei Reaktion mit einem spezifischen Antigen (Allergen, Atopen) oder direkt mit einem Anti-IgE-Antikörper über eine Enzymaktivierung in den Trägerzellen zur Freisetzung vasoaktiver Substanzen unter dem klinischen Bild einer Allergie vom Soforttyp in Haut und Schleimhaut. IgE wird vorwiegend in Plasmazellen der Tonsillen und Adenoide, in Bronchial- und Peritoneal-Lymphknoten, in der Respirations-, Gastrointestinal- und Nasalschleimhaut gebildet. Als freies IgE kann es in Serum, Urin, Sputum, Nasen-, Bronchialsekret und der Tränenflüssigkeit sowie im Kolostrum nachgewiesen werden, passiert aber nicht die Plazenta. Die normale Serumkonzentration liegt beim Erwachsenen im Mittel zwischen 100 und 500 ng/ml bzw. 80–200 E/ml. Eine Vermehrung wird hauptsächlich bei allergischen (atopischen Erkrankungen (Asthma, Heufieber), bei atopischem Ekzem (Neurodermitis diffusa) und einigen parasitären Erkrankungen beobachtet. Eine IgE-Spiegel-Erniedrigung wurde bei verschiedenen Hypo-/A-γ-Globulinämien, bei Tumoren und anderen Krankheitsbildern beschrieben. Neben der bei allergischen Prozessen oft nachteiligen Wirkung von IgE ist seine postulierte Schleimhautschutzfunktion bisher nicht erwiesen.
    Notes: Summary Immunoglobulin E represents a heat-sensitive glycoproteid which consists of two class-specific heavy (epsilon) and 2 light polypeptide chains. Biologically it is capable of tissue fixation and sensitization in man (Prausnitz-Küstner reaction) and animal (passive cutaneous anaphylaxy). After fixation of IgE through its Fc-portion to tissue mast cells or basophile granulocytes, an activation of enzyme systems is initiated through the reaction with a specific antigen (allergen, atopen), or directly by anti-IgE-antibody leading to the liberation of vasoactive substances, which correlates with clinical allergies of the immediate type in the skin and mucosa. IgE is produced preferentially by plasma cells in the tonsils and adenoids, in bronchial and peritoneal lymph nodes, in respiratory, gastrointestinal and nasal mucosa. Unbound IgE can be found in serum, urine, sputum, nasal and bronchial secretions and in tears as well as in colostrum, but does not pass through the placenta. The normal average serum concentration in adults corresponds to 100–500 ng/ml and 80–200 U/ml respectively. Increased levels are mainly encountered in allergic (atopic) diseases (asthma, hay fever), atopic eczema (Neurodermitis diffusa) and some parasitic infections. Decreased levels were reported in various cases of hypo/agammaglobulinemia, tumours and other diseases. Besides the disadvantageous function of IgE during allergic manifestations, its protective role on the mucosa has been postulated but not proven until now.
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