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  • 1
    ISSN: 1468-2982
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To investigate sympathetic nervous system and neuroendocrine changes in idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia, we determined the plasma level of the catecholamines norepinephrine and epinephrine, as well as cortisol and ACTH in 16 patients (55.38.3 years) with trigeminal neuralgia at four different times during the day (7.00, 13.00, 17.00 and 23.00). Morning and evening values of plasma norepinephrine as well as the daily mean value (dmv) were significantly higher (p〈0.01) in patients with trigeminal neuralgia than in an age- and gender-matched control group. Moreover, morning, afternoon and dmv epinephrine values were also significantly elevated. The dmv norepinephrine levels correlated with the intensity of the attacks (r=0.68, p〈0.01), the frequency of the attacks (r=0.75, p〈0.01) and the duration of the disease (r=0.78, p〈0.01). In addition to elevated catecholamines, trigeminal neuralgia patients also demonstrated significantly increased morning, evening and daily mean values of plasma cortisol. Thus, patients with trigeminal pain have an increased sympathetic nervous system activity for an extended period of time without a direct link to pain attacks, which suggests that the sympathetic nervous system itself is at least co-activated in trigeminal neuralgia and perhaps plays a role in the induction and maintenance of trigeminal pain. The neuroendocrine changes are similar to cluster headache and point to a central dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, possibly due to the cyclic phenomena in idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Clinical Biochemistry 22 (1989), S. 131-134 
    ISSN: 0009-9120
    Keywords: brain stem lesions ; ischemic stroke ; serum creatine kinase isoenzymes
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Clinical Biochemistry 22 (1989), S. 131-134 
    ISSN: 0009-9120
    Keywords: brain stem lesions ; ischemic stroke ; serum creatine kinase isoenzymes
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 38 (1995), S. 781-781 
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Cerebrospinal fluid ; Parkinson's disease ; somatostatin-like immunoreactivity ; dementia ; monoamines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary There is some evidence that Parkinson's disease (PD) seems to be a heterogenous and generalized brain disorder reflecting a degeneration of multiple neuronal networks, including somatostatinergic neurons. Somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI) and its molecular forms, high molecular weight form (HMV-SST), somatostatin-14 (SST-14), somatostatin-25/28 (SST-25/28) and Des-ala-somatostatin (Des-ala-SST), as well as homovanillic acid (HVA) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were estimated using HPLC and radioimmunoassay in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 35 aged parkinsonian patients with different stages of intellectual deterioration. The influence of L-dopa-treatment on these neurochemical parameters was evaluated. Without a correlation with dementia scores (p=0.11), SLI was significantly reduced in PD in comparison to the control group (p 〈 0.05). The reduction was related to the progression of the disease. Correlations between SLI, HVA and 5-HIAA indicate a heterogenous brain disorder in PD with alterations of several transmitter systems and functions. Complex qualitative and quantitative changes in the molecular pattern of SLI are compatible with a dysregulated synthesis and/or posttranslational processing. L-dopa-treatment was associated with a significant increase of HVA (p 〈 0.05) and HMV-SST (p 〈 0.05) and a slight, but insignificant increase of SLI (p=0.11).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 69 (1991), S. 906-909 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Parkinson's disease ; Constipation ; Autonomic nervous system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Constipation is a frequent symptom in Parkinson's disease. In this study colonic transit time was measured in 20 patients and 20 sex- and age-matched controls. Colonic transit was normal in all but two of the controls. In 16 patients with Parkinson's disease the average colonic passage was 5 to 7 days. For four patients transit-time was within normal limits. The delayed transport affected all sections of the colon. There was no obvious dependence on age, sex, presentation of the disease, physical activity, or medication. In our opinion, lesions of the autonomic nervous system are responsible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 72 (1994), S. 996-999 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Autonomic nervous system ; Ewing ratio ; Tilt table
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Measurement of blood pressure and heart rate in active orthostasis has proven to be effective in the diagnosis of autonomic regulatory dysfunctions. The following study was carried out in order to clarify to what extent reproducible heart rate reactions also occur in passive orthostasis. 61 people with normal results in five standardized tests were examined. All 61 test persons had individually differing courses of heart rate. After an initial increase of frequency an almost straight line results from a superimposed projection of the graphs. In 20 of these cases the tilt-table test was repeated in order to detect intra-individual regularities. Even when the test was repeated, no reproducible intra-individual heart rate reactions occured. And here as well, projection of the graphs produced an almost straight line. We could not find any quotient, such as the 30/15 ratio in active orthostasis, during our tests with the tilt-table.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Akute Polyradikulitis Guillain-Barré ; Leitungsblock ; Magnetstimulation ; F-Welle ; Motorische Neurographie ; Key words Acute polyradiculitis Guillain-Barré ; Conduction block ; Motor evoked potential ; F-wave ; Motor conduction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A 47-year-old woman developed acute Guillain-Barré-syndrome (GBS) within one day, presenting tetraparesis (muscle strength 1/5 for the upper and 2/5 for the lower extremities) and respiratory failure. On day 5 a cardiac pacemaker was necessary due to severe bradycardia. Electrophysiological studies were performed on days 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 12, 15, 30 and 40. Our initial findings revealed normal motor conduction velocities and normal spinal motor evoked potentials. However, neither F-waves nor cortical motor evoked potentials could be registered from the upper or lower extremities. The motor conduction of the median nerve remained normal until day 6. The compound motor action potential declined thereafter and disappeared by day 12, indicatign axonal degeneration. No axonal degeneration occurred in the lower extremities. The cervical or lumbar magnetic stimulation excites nerve roots at the level of the foramen intervertebrale. Thus, our findings suggest a conduction block between the foramen intervertebrale and the point where the nerve roots enter the spinal cord.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Eine 47jährige Patientin entwickelte innerhalb eines Tages eine akute Polyradikulitis Guillain-Barré (GBS) mit einer rein motorischen Tetraparese (Kraftgrad Arme 1/5, Beine 2/5) und Beatmungspflichtigkeit. Am 5. Tag war sie tetraplegisch und wegen Bradykardien schrittmacherpflichtig. Bei dieser Patientin wurden elektrophysiologische Untersuchungen am 2., 3., 5., 6., 8., 12., 15., 30. und 40. Tag durchgeführt. Der initiale Befund zeigte eine unauffällige fraktionierte motorische NLG des N. medianus und eine normale zervikale Magnetstimulation bei ausgefallener Medianus-F-Welle sowie ausgefallener corticaler Magnetstimulation. Die gleiche Konstellation fand sich für den N. tibialis. Die Medianus-NLG blieb bis zum Tag 6 normal, danach reduzierte sich das CMAP bis zum kompletten Ausfall ab dem 12. Tag als Hinweis auf eine sekundäre axonale Degeneration. Dagegen änderte sich die elektrophysiologische Konstellation an der unteren Extremität nicht. Da die Exzitation von Nervenwurzeln durch die Magnetstimulation auf der Höhe des Foramen intervertebrale erfolgt, muß die Läsion bei der initialen Befundkonstellation zwischen Foramen intervertebrale und Eintritt der Nervenwurzel ins Rückenmark liegen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Nervenarzt 68 (1997), S. 845-847 
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Myoklonien ; Neurosyphilis ; Key words Myoclonus ; Neurosyphilis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Symptomatic myoclonus syndromes can be caused by a broad range of etiological factors. We report the case of a 40-year-old woman who showed spontaneous and continuous myoclonus with predominance distally and in the arms as the only neurological symptom. CSF evaluation revealed acute neurosyphilis. Six months after antibiotic treatment, the movement disorder had disappeared.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Symptomatische Myoklonussyndrome weisen eine breitgefächerte Liste möglicher Ätiologien auf. Im Rahmen einer Neurosyphilis sind Myoklonien als führendes Symptom ungewöhnlich. Wir berichten über eine 40jährige Frau mit distal- und armbetonten, spontanen, kontinuierlichen Myoklonien als einziger neurologischer Auffälligkeit, bei der liquorserologisch eine floride Neurosyphilis festgestellt wurde. Sechs Monate nach sanierender antibiotischer Behandlung war die Bewegungsstörung vollständig zurückgebildet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Epidemiologie ; Borreliose ; Antikörper ; Key words Epidemiology ; Borreliosis ; Antibodies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Neuroborreliosis is a very frequent subtype of infection with Borrelia burgdorferi. Because of the widely spread inapparent infections finding of diagnosis by analysis of serum antibodies is very difficult. In the years 1990–1994 the serum of 6.775 patients of the Department of Neurology in Homburg, Germany was analysed with regard to Borrelia burgdorferi specific IgG antibodies. 24% showed a positive serum titer and 20% a borderline result. 73 patients showed a specific intrathecal IgG antibody synthesis. In contrast to patients with antibodies in serum these patients showed a significant cumulation during summer. The high percentage of positive serum titers and the season independence support the assumption of widely spread inapparent infections. If a patient shows neurological symptoms the finding of serum antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi is not sufficient for the diagnosis of Neuroborreliosis. A specific intrathecal synthesis of antibodies, is the most reliable serological indicator for Neuroborreliosis. Intrathecal synthesis usually starts three to four weeks after the first clinical symptoms.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Neuroborreliose ist die zweithäufigste Manifestationsform einer Infektion mit Borrelia burgdorferi. Die serologische Diagnostik durch Bestimmung von IgG-Antikörpern wird durch einen hohen Prozentsatz an stummer Durchseuchung in der Bevölkerung erschwert. Von 1990 bis 1994 wurden in der Neurologischen Universitätsklinik Homburg 6775 Patienten serologisch auf Borrelia-burgdorferi-spezifische IgG-Antikörper untersucht. In 24% der Fälle wurde ein positiver Serumtiter und in 20% ein grenzwertiger Titer festgestellt. Der Nachweis einer spezifischen intrathekalen IgG-Antikörperproduktion konnte bei 73 Patienten geführt werden. Während bei der Aufschlüsselung der Daten aus den Serum-IgG-Untersuchungen auf die einzelnen Monate keine relevanten jahreszeitlichen Schwankungen sichtbar waren, zeigte sich bei dem Anteil der IAI-positiven Fälle eine signifikante Häufung in den Sommermonaten. Der hohe Prozentsatz von Patienten mit positiven Serumtitern gegen Borrelia burgdorferi sowie die fehlende jahreszeitliche Schwankung deuten auf eine stumme Duchseuchung hin. Eine Seropositivität genügt beim Vorliegen einer neurologischen Symptomatik nicht zum Nachweis einer Neuroborreliose. Vielmehr ist der Nachweis einer spezifischen intrathekalen Antikörpersynthese der zuverlässigste serologische Hinweis auf eine Neuroborreliose. Das Einsetzen dieser intrathekalen Synthese erfolgt in der Regel jedoch erst in der 3.–4. Woche nach Beginn der Symptomatik.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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