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  • Black-tailed deer  (4)
  • Non-Hodgkin lymphoma  (4)
  • mammals  (4)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The “deer lactone” (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 4 (1978), S. 247-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Black-tailed deer ; “deer lactone” ; discrimination ; enantiomers ; (Z)-4-hydroxy-6-dodecenoic acid lactone ; Odocoileus hemionus columbianus ; lactone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Urine of the black-tailed deer is the source of the “deer lactone,” which is deposited on the tarsal gland tufts by “rub-urination.” The enantiomer composition of the lactone from the urine of the female is 89(R)-(−)/11(S)-(+). Responses by deer were strongest toward the synthetic racemic lactone in the social test and toward the natural lactone in the choice test. In both tests, the (−)- lactone released slightly stronger responses than its enantiomer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988059
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Subspecies specificity of response to a mammalian social odor (1975)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 1 (1975), S. 125-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: deer ; mammals ; odor preference ; odor specificity ; olfactory discrimination ; pheromone ; sexual isolation ; social odor ; tarsal scent
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Two subspecies of deer, black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) and Rocky Mountain mule deer (O. h. hemionus) were exposed to the tarsal scents of both subspecies in a social setting. The scent was sprayed on one individual in a group. The responses, consisting of sniffing, licking, and following, were stronger to each subspecies' own tarsal scent. This discrimination may be important for sexual isolation in areas where the ranges of the two species overlap.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987725
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response to a mammalian pheromone and its geometric isomer (1976)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 2 (1976), S. 389-398 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Black-tailed deer ; geometric isomers ; (E) and (Z)-4-hydroxy-6-dodecenoic acid lactone ; mammals ; Odocoileus hemionus columbianus ; olfactory discrimination ; pheromones ; stereoisomers ; tarsal scent
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) discriminate between the geometric isomers of a lactone used as a pheromone by the species. They react strongly to (Z)-4-hydroxy-6-dodeceonic acid lactone, which occurs in their tarsal scent, but the response to theE isomer did not differ from the response to the solvent. The isomers were applied to one member of a group of freely interacting deer, and the sniffing, licking, and following responses were recorded. The synthesis of the geometric isomers of the lactone is described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988284
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Germinal center cell lymphomas: Prognostic significance of their histopathological differentiation (1981)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 43 (1981), S. 193-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma ; Centrocytic lymphoma ; Centroblastic-centrocytic lymphoma ; Centroblastic lymphoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Clinical data of 48 patients with centrocytic, 83 patients with centroblastic/centrocytic and 64 patients with centroblastic lymphoma who had entered a prospective multicenter study of the Kiel Lymphoma Study Group since October 1975 were compared. Advanced (stage IV) disease at time of diagnosis, predominantly due to bone marrow infiltration, was most frequent in centrocytic (69% of patients) and in centroblastic/centrocytic (51% of patients) lymphomas as compared to only 28% of patients with centroblastic lymphoma. High survival probability of patients with localized centrocytic and centroblastic/centrocytic lymphomas after radiotherapy, contrasting with a worse prognosis of corresponding patients with centroblastic lymphoma, is compatible with the classification of these lymphoma entities as neoplasias of low-grade malignancy. However, as shown by this prospective and previous retrospective trials overall survival probability of patients with advanced centrocytic lymphoma was inferior to that observed in corresponding patients with centroblastic/centrocytic lymphoma. These findings suggest the possibility that patients with advanced centrocytic lymphoma occupy an intermediate position between typical low-grade and typical high-grade malignant non-Hodgkin lymphomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00363889
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lymphoplasmacytic/lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma: A clinical entity distinct from chronic lymphocytic leukaemia? (1981)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 43 (1981), S. 183-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma ; Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia ; Immunocytoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Clinical data of 116 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and of 114 patients with lymphoplasmacytic/lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma (synonym: LP immunocytoma, IC) as diagnosed according to the Kiel classification were compared. This interim evaluation of a prospective multicenter study of the Kiel Lymphoma Study Group characterizes IC the less favorable lymphoma entity as evidenced by a more rapid lymph node enlargement, by a higher incidence of constitutional symptoms and of marked anaemia, and by a higher percentage of patients requiring early treatment. In addition, in IC autoimmune haemolytic anaemia was detected in 11.2% of investigated patients as compared to none of the patients with CLL, and monoclonal gammopathy was disclosed in 34.2% of investigated patients as compared to only three patients with CLL who could be, however, unrecognized cases of IC. Actuarial survival data after a follow-up period of 40 months are in favor of an overall better prognosis of patients with CLL than of patients with IC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00363888
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clinical and prognostic heterogeneity of non-hodgkin lymphomas of high-grade malignancy (1981)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 43 (1981), S. 201-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma ; High-grade malignancy ; Lymphoblastic lymphoma ; Immunoblastic lymphoma ; Centroblastic lymphoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Comparison of clinical data of 64 patients with centroblastic lymphoma, 55 patients with immunoblastic lymphoma and 31 patients with lymphoblastic lymphoma not only confirmed the original assumption of high-grade malignancy as proposed by the concept of the Kiel classification but also demonstrated distinct clinical differences, particularly between lymphoblastic lymphoma and the two other entities. Rapid lymph node enlargement as well as steep fall of survival curves within the first year after diagnosis were common characteristics. Bimodal age distribution, predominance of males and early generalization of disease were typical features of lymphoblastic lymphoma; elderly patients and patients with the unclassified subtypes of lymphoblastic lymphoma exhibited the worst prognosis. Whereas patients with centroblastic and immunoblastic lymphomas showed similar distribution of age, sex and initial stage of disease, patients with immunoblastic lymphoma presented more frequently with a reduced performance status and showed a poorer response to radio- and chemotherapy resulting in a worse prognosis discernible after the first year of follow-up. Generalization during course of the disease was significantly more frequent in immunoblastic than in centroblastic lymphoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00363890
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histopathological correlation of the kiel with the original rappaport classification of malignant non-hodgkin lymphomas (1981)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 43 (1981), S. 167-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma ; Kiel classification ; Rappaport classification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using the Kiel and the Rappaport classifications, a comparative histopathological analysis of 486 cases with non-Hodgkin lymphomas from a prospective study of the Kiel Lymphoma Study Group, still in progress, was performed. The greater part of Rappaport's classical lymphoma entities was found to be inhomogeneous and to include tumors of considerable prognostic heterogeneity, as shown by differences in actuarial survival. Some of the Kiel lymphoma entities have been identified in several lymphoma types of the Rappaport classification, indicating that “translation” of one scheme into the other is difficult or impossible. In addition, centrocytic lymphoma of the Kiel classification may not be homogeneous. On the whole, the Kiel classification appears to be superior to the original Rappaport classification in categorizing the various prognostically diverse types of non-Hodgkin lymphomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00363887
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal changes in Flehmen to constant urine stimuli (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 6 (1980), S. 905-909 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Black-tailed deer ; deer ; Flehmen ; mammals ; pheromones ; reproductive behavior ; urine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Male black-tailed deer were exposed to conspecific urine samples monthly for one year. The urine samples tested were from adult male, nonestrous female, estrous female, male fawn, and female fawn. The urine was offered with and without a wire screen cover; Flehmen occurred only when direct mouth and/or tongue contact with the urine was possible. The frequency of Flehmen varied seasonally, and urine from adults released more Flehmen than urine from fawns. But there was no difference in Flehmen frequency in response to urine from adult males or estrous or nonestrous females, when presented out of context, although in a natural situation males respond more to urinating females than males.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00990474
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The caudal gland in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus L.): Its behavioral role, histology, and chemistry (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 3 (1977), S. 591-601 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: caudal gland ; cervids ; deer ; mammals ; pheromones ; Rangifer tarandus ; reindeer ; scent communication ; scent gland ; skin gland ; tail gland
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Behavior observations in European reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) showed a high frequency of sniffing the tails of conspecifics. A caudal gland was found, and it is the largest skin gland inRangifer. Behavioral contexts of tail sniffing, the histology of the gland, and some aspects of the composition of the volatiles in the gland's secretion are described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00989079
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Urine fractions that release flehmen in black-tailed deer,Odocoileus hemionus columbianus (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 203-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Black-tailed deer ; Odocoileus hemionus columbianus ; urine ; Flehmen ; deer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Flehmen (or “lipcurl”) is a response of male mammals primarily to female urine, performed primarily during the reproductive season. To elucidate the components of female urine that release the Flehmen, urine of black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) was fractionated, and the fractions were presented to captive male conspecifics during three rutting seasons. The active principle (one or more compounds) is watersoluble, of low volatility, not readily extractable with organic solvents, and between 200 and 12,000 daltons in molecular weight. Several urine components were identified, but none of these showed activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987849
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