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  • Carbon felt dosimetry  (3)
  • Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Styrene exposure and biologic monitoring in FRP boat production plants (1982)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 49 (1982), S. 325-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Carbon felt dosimetry ; FRP boat production ; Mandelic acid ; Phenylglyoxylic acid ; Styrene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A survey on styrene exposure was conducted in five small to medium-sized fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) boat plants utilizing carbon felt dosimeters as personal and stationary samplers to measure 4 h (TWA) exposure during workday afternoons. The heaviest exposure, up to 256 ppm by personal sampling and 174 ppm by stationary sampling, took place during the lamination on a mold to produce a boat shell, and the work inside narrow holds also resulted in exposures of a comparable degree. Styrene levels were much lower in other auxiliary works. The TWA of exposure in an entire boat production was estimated to be 40–50 ppm. Installation of several flexible hoses as an exhaust system was proved to be effective in decreasing the vapor concentration. Gas masks were also useful in reducing the exposure. Urine samples were collected from 96 male workers at the end of 8h work (4 h in the morning and 4 h in the afternoon) and also from 22 nonexposed male subjects, and analyzed for mandelic acid (MA), phenylglyoxylic acid (PhGA), and hippuric acid (HA). When the results of urinalyses were compared with 4-h styrene TWA as monitored by personal sampling, the best correlation was obtained with MA + PhGA/creatinine (the correlation coefficient, 0.88), followed by MA (0.84). For these two cases, regression lines and 95% confidence limits for the group means and for the individual values were calculated. The urinary levels of MA, PhGA, and HA in the 22 nonexposed male subjects were also tabulated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00377941
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biological monitoring of occupational exposure to methyl ethyl ketone by means of urinalysis for methyl ethyl ketone itself (1982)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 50 (1982), S. 131-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Biological monitoring ; Carbon felt dosimetry ; Head space gas chromatography ; Methyl ethyl ketone ; Urinalysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Head space gas chromatography (GC) was applied to measure methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) in urine from 62 MEK-exposed male workers, whose individual intensity of exposure to MEK was monitored utilizing the carbon felt dosimeter. The urinary MEK level increased rapidly to reach a plateau in the first quarter of the daily 8-h work, while very little MEK was detected in the preshift urine. When the MEK levels in the urine at the end of the shift were compared with the afternoon MEK-TWA values, the uncorrected MEK in urine correlated best with MEK in air (r=0.774, n=62), while correction for creatinine gave a comparable result and the correlation was poorer when corrected for a specific gravity of urine or for the lapse of time after preceding passage of urine. Balance of MEK absorption via inhalation and MEK excretion into urine revealed that only 0.1% of MEK absorbed will be excreted unchanged into urine. Wider application of head space GC is discussed for the analysis of unmetabolized solvents in urine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00378075
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Limited capacity of humans to metabolize tetrachloroethylene (1983)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 51 (1983), S. 381-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Biological monitoring ; Carbon felt dosimetry ; Metabolism ; Tetrachloroethylene ; Total trichloro-compounds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Personal monitoring of exposure to tetrachloroethylene (TETRA) with carbon felt dosimeters and analyses of urine for total trichloro-compounds (TTC) were carried out in two groups of workers (36 males and 25 females), one group (20 males and 19 females) in dry-cleaning workshops and the other (16 males and 6 females) engaged in the removal of glue from silk cloth. Comparison of the urinary TTC levels with TETRA in the environment revealed that, while the metabolite levels increased essentially linear to TETRA concentrations up to 100 ppm, leveling off was apparent in the metabolite excretion when the exposure to TETRA was more intense (e.g. more than 100 ppm), indicating that the capacity of humans to metabolize TETRA is rather limited, as previously discussed. From the set of the data thus obtained, screening levels of 30 and 61 mg TTC (as TCA)/l urine as the lower 95% confidence limits for a group mean were calculated for the biological monitoring, by means of urinalysis, of exposure to TETRA at 50 and 100 ppm (TWA), respectively. A tentative calculation with additional exhaled-air analyses indicated that, at the end of an 8-h shift with exposure to TETRA at 50 ppm (TWA), 38% of the TETRA absorbed through the lungs would be exhaled unchanged and less than 2% would be metabolized to be excreted into the urine, while the rest would remain in the body to be eliminated later.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00378352
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrophoresis of phosphoglycerate kinase-2 to determine testicular damage induced by ethylene glycol monomethyl ether and sterility associated with chromosomal abnormality (1990)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 64 (1990), S. 181-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Testicular toxicity ; Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether ; PGK-2 ; Sterility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK, EC 2.7.2.3), which is expressed specifically in sperm and spermatids, is an enzyme in the Embden-Meyerhof pathway that converts glucose to pyruvate. We developed an electrophoresis method to determine relative PGK-2 quantity and applied it to evaluate spermatogenesis activity. In the ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME)-induced testicular toxicity, relative PGK-2 quantity had not decreased until 4 weeks of exposure. Mean relative PGK-2 quantities, defined as PGK-2 quantity over PGK-1 quantity in a pooled spleen sample (±SD) were: 1.43±0.32 for control animals (N=10); 1.67±0.24 for the group exposed at 500 mg/kg for 5 days (N=6); 1.85±0.58 for the group exposed at 500 mg/kg for 2 weeks (N=6); 0.09±0.06 for the group exposed at 500 mg/kg for 4 weeks (N=6); not detectable in animals exposed at 500 mg/kg for 5 weeks (N=7); 0.208±0.103 for the group exposed at 250 mg/kg for 5 weeks (N=6); and 1.35±0.38 for the group exposed at 125 mg/kg for 5 weeks (N=6). These relative quantities showed a good correlation with sperm/spermatid counts (r=0.823,p〈0.01) and histological findings. These findings suggest that EGME has toxicity on primary spermatocytes and spermatogonia. In the case of sterility associated with a chromosomal abnormality (chromosomal translocation between chromosome X and 16), relative PGK-2 quantity was not detected in any of the seven adult (12 weeks of age) mice, although many primary spermatocytes were detected by histological examination. Those findings suggest that cellular differentiation is arrested at meiosis due to the chromosomal abnormality. It was thus concluded that relative PGK-2 quantity provides information on testicular development and is therefore useful as an indicator of testicular function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02010723
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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