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  • OOS-TMP  (2)
  • Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether  (1)
  • Mandelic acid  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immature alveolar/blood barrier and low disaturated phosphatidylcholine in fetal lung after intrauterine exposure to O,O,S-trimethylphosphorothioate (1989)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 63 (1989), S. 331-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: OOS-TMP ; Fetuses ; Lung development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Intrauterine exposure to the potent lung toxicant OOS-TMP was found to result in neonatal lethality attributed to immature lungs (Koizumi et al. 1988). The present study was initiated to investigate biological/pathological profiles of such pulmonary immaturity. OOS-TMP was given p.o. to five pregnant female Sprague-Dawley rats on gestation day (G) 19 at 2.5, 7 or 20 mg/kg. Control (N = 6) or pair-fed dams (N = 5: pair-fed to 20 mg/kg dams) received 2 ml/kg corn oil. On G 22, fetuses were delivered by Cesarean section. The biochemical maturity of lungs was assessed by glycogen content and production of disaturated phosphatidylcholine (DSPC), a major component of pulmonary surfactant. Mean DSPC content was significantly lower in fetuses from dams dosed at 7 or 20 mg/kg while mean glycogen concentration, in contrast, was 3- to 6-fold higher in those fetuses than fetuses from control or pair-fed dams. Pathological examination revealed that in fetuses delivered from dams dosed at 7 mg/kg or 20 mg/ kg, glycogen-rich cuboidal epithelial cells completely covered the terminal air space and alveolar/blood barriers stayed at the poorly developed stage. The stage of the pulmonary development in those fetuses was similar to those in fetuses on G19. Therefore it was concluded that intrauterine exposure to OOS-TMP delayed pulmonary development, thereby causing respiratory failure after birth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00278648
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrophoresis of phosphoglycerate kinase-2 to determine testicular damage induced by ethylene glycol monomethyl ether and sterility associated with chromosomal abnormality (1990)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 64 (1990), S. 181-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Testicular toxicity ; Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether ; PGK-2 ; Sterility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK, EC 2.7.2.3), which is expressed specifically in sperm and spermatids, is an enzyme in the Embden-Meyerhof pathway that converts glucose to pyruvate. We developed an electrophoresis method to determine relative PGK-2 quantity and applied it to evaluate spermatogenesis activity. In the ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME)-induced testicular toxicity, relative PGK-2 quantity had not decreased until 4 weeks of exposure. Mean relative PGK-2 quantities, defined as PGK-2 quantity over PGK-1 quantity in a pooled spleen sample (±SD) were: 1.43±0.32 for control animals (N=10); 1.67±0.24 for the group exposed at 500 mg/kg for 5 days (N=6); 1.85±0.58 for the group exposed at 500 mg/kg for 2 weeks (N=6); 0.09±0.06 for the group exposed at 500 mg/kg for 4 weeks (N=6); not detectable in animals exposed at 500 mg/kg for 5 weeks (N=7); 0.208±0.103 for the group exposed at 250 mg/kg for 5 weeks (N=6); and 1.35±0.38 for the group exposed at 125 mg/kg for 5 weeks (N=6). These relative quantities showed a good correlation with sperm/spermatid counts (r=0.823,p〈0.01) and histological findings. These findings suggest that EGME has toxicity on primary spermatocytes and spermatogonia. In the case of sterility associated with a chromosomal abnormality (chromosomal translocation between chromosome X and 16), relative PGK-2 quantity was not detected in any of the seven adult (12 weeks of age) mice, although many primary spermatocytes were detected by histological examination. Those findings suggest that cellular differentiation is arrested at meiosis due to the chromosomal abnormality. It was thus concluded that relative PGK-2 quantity provides information on testicular development and is therefore useful as an indicator of testicular function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02010723
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    O,O,S-Trimethyl phosphorothioate induces hypothermia in Fischer 344 rats in a manner dependent on both doses and housing temperatures (1993)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 67 (1993), S. 72-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: OOS-TMP ; Hypothermia ; Fischer 344 rats ; Housing temperature ; Toxicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We explored the effects of O,O,S-trimethyl phosphorothioate (OOS-TMP) on body temperatures in Fischer 344 female rats. The 7-day LD50 p.o. for Fischer 344 female rats was found to be 11.8 mg/kg. OOS-TMP induced long-lasting (more than 48 h) and extensive hypothermia at doses 〉 14 mg/kg at a typical laboratory temperature (22° C) while it produced typical symptoms at 10 mg/kg without hypothermia. In contrast, pair-fed (to 20 mg/kg rats) rats (n=4) did not become hypothermic, negating any role of hypophagia in OOS-TMP associated hypothermia. We next investigated the effects of housing temperatures on toxicities at a LD50 dose (12 mg/kg). At 30° C (n=11) and 22° C (n=13), rats did not have hypothermic bouts but at 15° C, eight out of ten rats had. Evidence that changes of housing temperatures neither modified clinical symptoms nor changed mortality rates discards a possibility of hypothermia being involved in delayed toxicity. A novel result of the present study suggests that thermoregulation may be heavily impaired by a special class of organophosphorus compounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02072039
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Styrene exposure and biologic monitoring in FRP boat production plants (1982)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 49 (1982), S. 325-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Carbon felt dosimetry ; FRP boat production ; Mandelic acid ; Phenylglyoxylic acid ; Styrene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A survey on styrene exposure was conducted in five small to medium-sized fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) boat plants utilizing carbon felt dosimeters as personal and stationary samplers to measure 4 h (TWA) exposure during workday afternoons. The heaviest exposure, up to 256 ppm by personal sampling and 174 ppm by stationary sampling, took place during the lamination on a mold to produce a boat shell, and the work inside narrow holds also resulted in exposures of a comparable degree. Styrene levels were much lower in other auxiliary works. The TWA of exposure in an entire boat production was estimated to be 40–50 ppm. Installation of several flexible hoses as an exhaust system was proved to be effective in decreasing the vapor concentration. Gas masks were also useful in reducing the exposure. Urine samples were collected from 96 male workers at the end of 8h work (4 h in the morning and 4 h in the afternoon) and also from 22 nonexposed male subjects, and analyzed for mandelic acid (MA), phenylglyoxylic acid (PhGA), and hippuric acid (HA). When the results of urinalyses were compared with 4-h styrene TWA as monitored by personal sampling, the best correlation was obtained with MA + PhGA/creatinine (the correlation coefficient, 0.88), followed by MA (0.84). For these two cases, regression lines and 95% confidence limits for the group means and for the individual values were calculated. The urinary levels of MA, PhGA, and HA in the 22 nonexposed male subjects were also tabulated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00377941
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