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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 12 (1988), S. 374-380 
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le point sur la chirurgie du cancer de l'estomac en Europe a été établi à partir des résultats d'un questionnaire unique. Les données sont parvenues de 62 centres différents, 60% d'entre eux étant situés en Allemagne et 40% hors d'Allemagne. Elles concernent 16,954 malades. Un premier point émerge de cette étude: la faible fréquence de cancer précoce (8.8%). L'opération de choix fut la gastrectomie totale. C'est seulement en cas de cancer de l'antre de type intestinal (selon Laurén) que la gastrectomie subtotale fut préférée par la majorité des auteurs. L'examen histologique des ganglions fut pratiqué dans 84% de ces centres et c'est seulement dans 27% des cas que la dissection complète fut réalisée. Dans la majorité des cas la reconstitution du tractus digestif après gastrectomie totale fut réalisée à l'aide d'une oesophago-jéjunostomie avec une anse jéjunale montée en Y à la Roux et c'est seulement dans 16% des cas qu'une poche de type variable fut constituée. L'opération fut complétée parfois par une splénectomie en fonction du siège de la tumeur. Le taux médian de la mortalité hospitalière fut égal à 0 en cas de cancer précoce et pour les autres stades de 6.7% pour l'antre, de 9.6% pour le corps, et de 11.7% pour la jonction gastro-oesophagienne. Le taux médian de survie à 5 ans fut de 82.5% pour le cancer précoce; pour le cancer avancé il fut de 30.7%; de 24% pour le corps et de 15.5% pour la jonction gastro-oesophagienne. La survie à 10 ans fut de 6–10%. On peut conclure de ces faits qu'en Europe les résultats observés sont en relation avec la découverte et le traitement tardifs. Ils ne pourront être améliorés que par la découverte du cancer à un stade précoce et par la dissection radicale emportant les ganglions. Il est nécessaire de procéder sans retard à des études randomisées reposant sur une documentation standard et des statistiques irréfutables pour atteindre ce but.
    Abstract: Resumen Se présenta un “estado del arte” europeo sobre el tratamiento del cáncer gâstrico, basado en los resultados de un cuestionario con preguntas específicas sobre indicaciones para la operación, detalles del acto operatorio, incluyendo “estadificación,” tipo de disección ganglionar, tipo de reconstrucción, el uso de suturadores automáticos, y esplenectomía. Se obtuvieron datos de 62 centros, 40% de los cuales son alemanes y 60% del extranjero, que informaron sobre un total de 16,594 pacientes. Una característica prominente fue la baja proporción del cáncer temprano (8.8%). La operación de preferencia fue la gastrectorrua total. Sólo en casos de carcinoma del antro del tipo intestinal (según Laurén) la mayoría de los cirujanos realizan gastrectomía subtotal. La “estadificación” de los ganglios linfáticos fue realizada en 84% de estos centros. Sin embargo, la disección radical fue realizada sólo en 27%. El tipo preferido de reconstrucción después de gastrectomía total fue la esofagoyeyunostomía de Roux-en-Y; el 16% de los centros europeos informó el uso de algún tipo de bolsa o reservorio adicional. Se realizó esplenectomía según la ubicación del tumor. La mortalidad hospitalaria para el cáncer temprano fue 0; para carcinoma del antro, 6.7%; del cuerpo, 9.6%; y de la unión gastroesofágica, 11.7%. La tasa de supervivencia a 5 años en pacientes con cancer temprano fue 82.5%; en pacientes con cancer avanzado del antro, 30.7%; del cuerpo, 24%; y de la unión gastroesofágica, 15.5%. La supervivencia a 10 años fue 6–10% menor. Se llega a la conclusión de que en Europa existe una elevada incidencia de cáncer gástrico avanzado que afecta los resultados. Mejores resultados pueden esperarse con una tasa mayor de cancer temprano y posiblemente con disección ganglionar. Es urgente la necesidad de estudios prospectivos y aleatorizados que se realicen mediante documentación y estadísticas estandarizadas.
    Notes: Abstract A European state of the art in the treatment of gastric cancer is presented from the results of a questionnaire. Data were obtained from 62 centers, 60% of which were from abroad and 40% of which were from Germany, reporting a total of 16,594 patients. A feature was a low portion (8.8%) of early cancer. The operation preferred was total gastrectomy. Only in the case of antral carcinoma of the intestinal type, according to Laurén, would the majority perform subtotal gastrectomy. Staging of lymph nodes was performed by 84% of these centers; however, systematic radical dissection was carried out only by 27%. The preferred type of reconstruction after total gastrectomy was Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy; 16% of the European centers used some type of pouch in addition. Splenectomy was carried out depending on location of the tumor. The median in-hospital mortality for early cancer was 0; for carcinoma of the antrum, 6.7%; corpus, 9.6%; and gastroesophageal junction, 11.7%. The median 5-year survival rate in patients with early cancer was 82.5%; for advanced cancer of the antrum, 30.7%; corpus, 24%; and gastroesophageal junction, 15.5%. Ten-year survival was 6–10% less. It is concluded that in Europe there is a high rate of advanced gastric cancer affecting the results. Improved results may be expected if gastric cancer can be detected earlier and if there is radical lymph node dissection. Generally, prospective randomized studies presented by standardized documentation and statistics are urgently needed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 182 (1983), S. 127-137 
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Hemorrhagic shock ; Reservoir model ; Standardization ; Dog
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The purpose of the present study was to design a standardized model of hemorrhagic shock in dogs as a prerequisite for future studies on the pathogenesis of this syndrome. Hemorrhagic shock was induced in 86 mongrel dogs submitted to a systemic hypotension of 45 mm Hg by means of a constant pressure reservoir procedure. The following blood volumes (ml/kg) were measured during the evolution of shock: (1) initial bleeding volume, (2) secondary bleeding volume, (3) maximum bleeding volume, (4) automatic reinfusion volume, and (5) duration of the hypotensive period (min). The corresponding mortalities were submitted to a statistical analysis which yielded the following conclusions: (a) the initial, secondary, and maximum bleeding volumes do not correlate with mortality, (b) the duration of the hypotensive period is of only relative importance, and (c) the automatic reinfusion volumes shows a high degree correlation with the fatal outcome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 348 (1974), S. 343-352 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Mammals ; Systemic Arterial Pressure ; Equifinality ; Regulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The reversible equifinal state in the circulatory system was obtained in pentobarbital anesthetized dogs, cats and rats, by means of the intravenous injection of hexamethonium, with production of an autonomic blockade and a reduction of the systemic arterial pressure to about 50% of the initial value. Equifinality was also obtained in dogs after the cervical injection of lidocaine into the spinal canal; the functional exclusion of ponto-medullary cardiovascular centers also produced a decrease in arterial pressure. The reactivity of these dogs was studied during the occlusion (step function) of either the abdominal aorta or of both common carotid arteries and compared to the pressure responses during control periods. After the autonomic blockade with hexamethonium the normal increase in blood pressure observed after bilateral carotic occlusion was not present and the relative increase in blood pressure during aortic occlusion was not followed afterwards by the reflex decrease observed in control animals. The main differences between normal blood pressure regulation in the circulatory system under normal, or equifinal conditions are analyzed using hydraulic models, block diagrams and signal flow diagrams. From the present study it may be concluded that the mammalian circulatory system is able to accomplish the blood transport in the resting state, either with normal controls or in the equifinal condition, despite the fact that in the latter no autonomic regulations are present.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Glucose tolerance ; Bradykinin ; Diabetes ; Surgery ; Bradykinin ; Glukosetoleranz ; Diabetes mellitus ; postoperativer Stoffwechsel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 13 stoffwechselgesunden Patienten wurden nach mittleren Oberbaucheingriffen sowohl am 1. als auch am 2. postoperativen Tag intravenöse Glukosetoleranztests vorgenommen. Bei 6 Patienten wurde die Belastung am 1. Tag (Gruppe A), bei 7 Patienten am 2. Tag (Gruppe B) unter gleichzeitiger intravenöser Infusion von Bradykinin (BK) (80 µg/h) durchgeführt. Intravenöse Glukosetoleranztests wurden ebenfalls bei 6 Patienten mit subklinischem Diabetes mellitus zunächst ohne, dann 8 Tage später mit BK-Infusion vorgenommen. In 2 Kollektiven von 9 manifesten Diabetikern vom Erwachsenentyp und von 5 stoffwechselgesunden Probanden wurde der Einfluß einer BK-Infusion über 100 min auf den Nüchternblutzucker untersucht; als Vergleichsgruppe dienten 9 weitere Diabetiker, die lediglich Kochsalz infundiert erhielten. Unter BK konnte eine Verbesserung der pathologischen Toleranztests sowohl bei den operierten Patienten (k-Werte: A ohne BK 1,03±0,12, mit BK 1,31±0,07; B ohne BK 0,85±0,18, mit BK 1,25±0,21) als auch bei den subklinischen Diabetikern (ohne BK 0,81±0,03, mit BK 1,08±0,04) erreicht werden. Bei den stoffwechselgesunden Probanden erbrachte die Infusion von BK keine Veränderungen des Nüchternblutzuckers, während dieser bei den manifesten Diabetikern unter BK über 100 min um 12,2±1,4% abnahm. Im Kontrollversuch ergab sich bei den Diabetikern unter Kochsalzinfusion kein Spontanabfall des Blutzuckers. Diese Resultate bestätigen die Auffassung, daß den Kininen eine wichtige Rolle in der Regulation des Kohlenhydratstoffwechsels zukommt.
    Notes: Summary Intravenous glucose tolerance tests (GTT) were performed in 13 metabolically healthy patients at the first and second day after abdominal surgery. GTT were carried out during an additional infusion of bradykinin (BK) (80 µg/h) in six of these patients at the first day (group A) and in seven patients at the second day (group B). Furthermore, GTT were performed in six patients with chemical diabetes with and without BK-infusion. In addition, the effect of BK on blood glucose concentration in the postabsorptive state was investigated in nine maturity onset diabetics and in five healthy volunteers. As a control, another nine diabetics received physiological saline. In both groups of surgical patients BK improved glucose tolerance (k-values: group A without BK 1.03±0.12, with BK 1.31±0.07; group B without BK 0.85±0.18, with BK 1.25±0.21). This was also true in chemical diabetics (without BK 0.81±0.03, with BK 1.08±0.04). While BK did not change blood glucose concentration in healthy volunteers, it reduced that of diabetics by 12.2±1.4% continuously during 100 min. No spontaneous drop of blood glucose was observed in diabetics receiving saline. These results are in good accord with the present view that kinins may play a role within the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Stomach cancer patients ; Splenectomy ; Gastrectomy ; Survival rate ; Immunocompetent cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The status of lymphocyte subpopulations in splenectomized (Sx) stomach cancer patients (SCa-patients), assessed by monoclonal antibodies, has not been evaluated so far. Therefore subsets of peripheral white blood cells were monitored prior to and following surgical treatment in gastrectomized (Gx) and Sx (n=64) as well as in non-Sx patients (n=39). Postoperative surgical complications were more frequent in the Sx group. However, the 2-year survival rate of this group was higher than in non-Sx patients. Lymphocytes were significantly decreased in both groups of patients during the early postoperative period. Monocytes and polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) increased correspondingly. A significant loss of lymphocytes and their subsets in Sx patients was observed during the 1st-3rd postoperative days as compared to the Gx only patients. The OKT4/OKT8 ratios did not differ in either group of patients, whereas the OKT3/anti-B-Ly2 ratio was significantly increased in Sx patients 1 to 3 days postoperatively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 331 (1972), S. 283-293 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Allometric Ratios ; Invariant Numbers ; Theory of Biological Similarities ; Circulation, Respiration and Metabolism ; Body Weight ; Block Diagrams
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary From the ratio of two allometric equations concerning the relationships among organ weights, functions and body weight, new allometric equations were always obtained. When multivariable allometric relationships were studied, either by means of the empirical cancelling method or by dimensional analysis and solution matrixes, a set of invariant and adimensional numbers could be established. Two of these invariant numbers, pertaining to the circulatory and the respiratory systems of mammals, were discussed in detail and the product of both yielded a cardiorespiratory invariant number valid for 10 empirical allometric equations. By means of an algorithmic treatment of numerous allometric equations concerning mammalian circulation and respiration, it was possible to represent the block-diagrams of a sequence of closed circuit functional relationships. A satisfactory correlation between empirical body weight exponents (b) of 80 allometric equations and the predicted reduced exponent (b), according to the theory of biological similarities, could be established. In conclusion, quantitative rules of the morphometric and physiometric organization of mammals were discussed, as for instance the numerical relationships among organs, functions and body weight. These results seem to validate the general importance of scale-up methods in biological research.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 29 (1991), S. 49-54 
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: brown hare ; sorbitol dehydrogenase ; electrophoretic polymorphism ; population genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A genetic polymorphism of sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH; EC 1.1.1.14) for two allozymes is demonstrated in the brown hare (Lepus europaeus) by means of horizontal starch gel electrophoresis. Segregation analysis was performed in a sample of four matings with 12 offspring and confirmed the genetic hypothesis: two alleles at an autosomal locus. The calculated gene frequencies in the brown hare breed studied areSdh a =0.712 andSdh b =0.288. The distribution of the polymorphism in free-ranging brown hare populations from Austria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and Poland is described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of nuclear medicine 21 (1994), S. 365-367 
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of nuclear medicine 21 (1994), S. 365-370 
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of nuclear medicine 20 (1993), S. 576-579 
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Technegas particles ; Particle structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Technegas (TcG) was produced using a commercially available TcG generator. The structure and size distribution of TcG particles were examined by means of the following methods: (a) transmission electron microscopy (TEM), range: 1 nm-100 µm; (b) time-of-flight mass spectroscopy (MS), range: 〈 3 nm; (c) photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), range: 3 nm-3 µm. The TEM images showed graphite particles (size 7–23 nm) agglomerated into larger secondary aggregates. The size of these aggregates, determined from PCS and TEM measurements, showed a log-normal distribution and typically ranged from 60 to 160 nm. No isolated particles smaller than 3 nm could be detected by MS. We conclude that TcG particles consist of technetium-99m labelled agglomerated graphite particles and have an average size of 97 nm (geometrice standard deviation (GSD): 1.55).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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