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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of crystal imperfection on high-resolution diffraction profiles of silicon single crystals measured by highly collimated x-ray beams (1991)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 58 (1991), S. 2246-2248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We examined high-resolution diffraction profiles of as-grown and annealed magnetic-field-applied Czochralski (MCZ) silicon crystals which were about 300 μm thick and [001] oriented, and compared these profiles with the ultraplane wave x-ray topographs. Rocking curves for the symmetric 220 diffraction were measured in the Laue geometry using a (+m, −n, +n) separated three-crystal monochromator. Strain introduced in the sample preparation process gave a reduced oscillatory profile of a rocking curve although chemical etching recovered subsidiary peaks of the rocking curve. Strain frozen in as-grown crystals also gave a reduced oscillatory-profile, but a large number of oxygen precipitates produced by thermal annealing caused little reduction of subsidiary peaks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.104940
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time-resolved x-ray measurement system for studying the lattice deformation of semiconductor crystals under laser irradiation : INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 60 (1989), S. 2342-2345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This article describes the outline of a time-resolved x-ray measurement system developed at the Photon Factory to study the pulsed laser annealing of silicon crystals. This system consists of a triple-crystal diffractometer, Q-switched Nd:YAG laser, and two fast detector electronics using a plastic scintillation counter, and enables us to examine the time-change behavior of nearly intrinsic rocking curves under laser irradiation with a time resolution of about 50 ns. The difference in the recovery from lattice deformation between 1.06-μm laser annealing and 0.53-μm laser annealing is clarified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140764
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on Si(111) 7/8 × 7/8 -Bi and -Ag surfaces by x-ray diffraction under nearly normal incidence : INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 60 (1989), S. 2365-2368 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: X-ray intensity versus energy (I-E) curves were measured in order to obtain the rod profiles. The three-dimensional surface structures of Si(111) 7/8 × 7/8 -Bi and -Ag were analyzed. The adsorption sites with respect to the crystal were derived from the intensity changes along the integral-order rods especially near the Bragg points by utilizing the interference effect between the x rays diffracted from the adsorbed layer and the bulk crystal. The positions of the surface Si atoms were studied by using the interference effect between the x rays diffracted from the adsorbed layer and the surface Si layer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140721
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Beamline 14B at Photon Factory: Precision x-ray optics experiment facility (abstract) : INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 60 (1989), S. 2442-2442 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The beamline 14B at Photon Factory is one of three branches of the 5T vertical superconducting wiggler beamline (BL14) at Photon Factory. This branch is used mainly for precision x-ray optics experiments and partly for commissioning a low-angle double-crystal spectrometer and a gas-phase scattering apparatus. A double-crystal fixed-exit monochromator was installed on this beamline; it has two offset positions, 200 and 500 mm. In order to avoid the leak of high-energy x rays from the monochromator chamber, the first crystal is shielded by lead with a rotatable 2θ window inside the vacuum chamber. A precision x-ray optics experiment facility consists of two vertical axis goniometers designed for the use of vertical polarization. Rough rotation (360° with the finest step of 3.24 arcsec) and fine rotation (within 6°, the finest step of 0.01 arcsec) are changed with a clutch. A rotary encoder with precision of 1.0 arcsec is equipped. A double-crystal aligner mounted on one of the precision goniometers is constructed to make another double-crystal arrangement. Combining the beamline double-crystal monochromator with this aligner, we can make a fixed-exit four-crystal monochromator of (+n,−n,−m,+m) setting, known as the high resolution x-ray optics in energy as well as momentum. Two independent microcomputer control systems are used for beamline monochromator and experimental facility. These two systems are connected by a serial communication (RS-232C) line via a software controlled line selector. This makes it quite easy for user-made equipment to control the beamline monochromator synchronously by its own control system. A low-angle double-crystal spectrometer was further constructed to characterize synthetic multilayers. This spectrometer consists of two ω-2θ goniometers mounted on x- (used for vertical axis) or xz- (used for horizontal axis) translation stage. These goniometers are mounted on independent carriers of a y-translation stage along the x-ray beam.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140745
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Performance of a directly water-cooled silicon crystal for use in high-power synchrotron radiation applications : International conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (SRI−88) (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 60 (1989), S. 1493-1500 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Results of measurements made using the multipole wiggler at beamline 16 of Photon Factory are reported. Double crystal rocking curves, Si(111) and Si(333) topographs, and thermal maps of the cooled-crystal surface were measured at total incident power levels up to 1600 W and power densities up to 0.7 W/mm2 , for two different crystal designs. Significant crystal deformation occurred in the form of surface curvature for both designs. Finite element calculations provided a preview of the experimental results and proved very valuable in interpretation of the measurements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140969
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Double-crystal monochromator for a PF 60-period soft x-ray undulator (abstract) : INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION TSUKABA (JAPAN) 29 AUG−2 SEPT 1988 (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 60 (1989), S. 2129-2129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Since undulator light is sharply collimated itself, it can be effectively monochromatized by a perfect crystal. An x-ray double-crystal monochromator with a fixed exit has been designed and built for the use of undulator light from a 60-period undulator at Photon Factory (beamline 2A). Available Bragg angle ranges from 7° to 80°. Angle scan is made by means of a goniometer outside the vacuum chamber, with the finest step of 0.1 arcsec. Magnetic fluid is used as the vacuum seal of the feedthrough. The fixed exit beam position is kept by translating the second crystal along the two mechanical guides: one for normal and the other for parallel to the crystal surface. Adjustment of the parallelity of two crystals is made manually with flexible wires. Since a total power in the central coherent portion which is limited by a 1×1-mm2 slit is not so much, a stable operation is possible without cooling the crystal. Currently, InSb (111) reflection is used. The diffracting planes of the first cyrstal is 1° off from the surface and the second is the symmetric reflection. At its fifth harmonics, brilliant undulator light of approximately 1012 photons/s mm2 with 1-eV energy resolution is available (E=2 keV).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140848
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fabrication of 57Fe/Fe multilayers (abstract) : International conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 60 (1989), S. 2126-2126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Synchrotron radiation can furnish Mössbauer radiation sources with higher brightness compared with conventional radioactive γ-ray sources when nuclear resonant Bragg scattering of synchrotron radiation is utilized. So far the observation of nuclear resonant Bragg scattering has been successfully carried out using single crystals containing 57Fe isotope at INP, HASYLAB, and BNL. We intend to use 57Fe/Fe multilayers instead of the crystals as a nuclear scatterer. In order to observe nuclear resonant scattering it is necessary to suppress Thomson electronic scattering which makes a huge background noise. In the case of the multilayer containing 57Fe and 56Fe only, nuclear resonant Bragg scattering can be observed in the absence of electronic Bragg scattering. Computation of the reflected intensities from a multilayer was made by the method analogous to that used in the design of a multilayer interference filter for a visible ray. Multilayers were fabricated by depositing alternate layers of 57Fe and 56Fe with designed layer thicknesses of 8 and 12 A(ring), respectively. As substrates, quartz glass plates and quartz crystal plates were used. The substrates were cooled by liquid nitrogen. The structure of the multilayer was characterized by Mössbauer γ-ray diffraction. The 14.4-keV γ-rays from 57Co source were used. A rocking curve has a peak, when measured under the resonance condition. The Bragg angle of the peak coincide well with that calculated from the designed spacings. From these facts it is concluded that the peak corresponds to nuclear resonant Bragg scattering.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140843
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New multipole wiggler/undulator beamline (BL-16) at the Photon Factory : International conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 60 (1989), S. 1874-1876 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Design and experience of the initial operation of a new beamline (BL-16) for a 3.6-m-long, 53-pole wiggler/undulator constructed at the Photon Factory are described. The insertion device has hybrid permanent magnets with a period of 12 cm and a maximum magnetic field of 1.47 T. In the undulator mode, the energy of the fundamental peak can be varied from 40 to 400 eV. In the wiggler mode, an x-ray beam (critical energy of 6 keV) 50–100 times more intense than that from the bending magnets is obtained. The beamline consists of two time-shared branch lines: a side beamline for soft x-rays in the undulator operation, to which photon beams are deflected sideways by a cylindrical SiC mirror, and a straight line for hard x rays under the wiggler operation. On the hard x-ray line, a fixed-exit sagittal-focusing double-crystal monochromator has been installed and commissioned. Collimating and refocusing mirrors will be installed in 1989. On the undulator beamline, a soft x-ray monochromator utilizing sophisticatedly devised aberration correction optics is commissioned.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140877
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Generation and annihilation of positive and negative ion-depleted region in soda-lime silicate glass (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 67 (1990), S. 691-697 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The combination experiments of ac and dc (as the thermally stimulated polarization current) suggest that, by the dc process, there appeared the positive and negative ion-depleted region at the interface between glass bulk and the positive ion-depleted region near the anode. This may be the ionic analog for a p-n junction under reverse bias of a semiconductor. The relaxation in polarized glass would take place by the annihilation of the positive and negative ion-depleted region by back-diffusion of oxygen ions from the positive ion-depleted region and of sodium ions from the bulk.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.345773
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cut-off characteristics of leaky Sezawa and pseudo-Sezawa wave modes for thin-film characterization (1990)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 57 (1990), S. 1967-1969 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A new method of determining the elastic constants, density, and thickness of thin-film materials with the line-focus-beam acoustic microscope is developed using propagation characteristics of leaky Sezawa and pseudo-Sezawa waves in the neighborhood of the cut-off region. It is demonstrated for a sample of gold film on fused quartz that the values of the stiffness constant, C44, and density are, respectively, about 11% and 5.5% less than those for polycrystalline bulk gold, and the thickness is determined as 6370 A(ring).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.103982
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